Electrochemistry Communications

Papers
(The median citation count of Electrochemistry Communications is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-03-01 to 2024-03-01.)
ArticleCitations
Microbial fuel cells, a renewable energy technology for bio-electricity generation: A mini-review156
A mini-review: How reliable is the drop casting technique?151
Advances in metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives for diverse electrocatalytic applications131
Anodic oxidation for the degradation of organic pollutants: Anode materials, operating conditions and mechanisms. A mini review120
Sintering aids for proton-conducting oxides – A double-edged sword? A mini review111
Recent development of electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia: A mini review94
Synthesis of Au@ZIF-8 nanocomposites for enhanced electrochemical detection of dopamine94
TiO2 nanotube arrays with a volume expansion factor greater than 2.0: Evidence against the field-assisted ejection theory82
Novel components in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolyzers (PEMWE): Status, challenges and future needs. A mini review82
Recent advances in lithium-based batteries using metal organic frameworks as electrode materials75
Electrochemical detection of viruses and antibodies: A mini review66
Zn electrode/electrolyte interfaces of Zn batteries: A mini review56
Dual-channel membrane capacitive deionization based on asymmetric ion adsorption for continuous water desalination55
High performance low-temperature tubular protonic ceramic fuel cells based on barium cerate-zirconate electrolyte54
Formation and modification of cathode electrolyte interphase: A mini review47
Nb-based MXenes for efficient electrochemical sensing of small biomolecules in the anodic potential47
A cobalt-free bismuth ferrite-based cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells45
Ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol using electrochemical aptamer sensor: A mini review45
Metal-plated 3D-printed electrode for electrochemical detection of carbohydrates45
Electrochemical copper dissolution: A benchmark for stable CO2 reduction on copper electrocatalysts45
Anodization of aluminum in a sealed container44
Non-precious electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis: A mini review44
Polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) films and membranes in electrochemical energy storage and conversion: A mini-review43
Density functional theory calculations for cathode materials of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells: A mini-review43
Improvement of the catalytic properties of porous lanthanum manganite for the oxygen reduction reaction by partial substitution of strontium for lanthanum41
Text mining for processing conditions of solid-state battery electrolytes41
Recent advances and challenges of current collectors for supercapacitors40
Electrochemical stability of stainless-steel-made anode for alkaline water electrolysis: Surface catalyst nanostructures and oxygen evolution overpotentials under applying potential cycle loading39
Application of carbon quantum dots in supercapacitors: A mini review38
NO2-functionalized metal–organic framework incorporating bimetallic alloy nanoparticles as a sensor for efficient electrochemical detection of dopamine38
Reinforced potassium and ammonium storage of the polyimide anode in acetate-based water-in-salt electrolytes37
From separator to membrane: Separators can function more in lithium ion batteries36
Fast testing of ambient temperature pitting corrosion in type 2205 duplex stainless steel by bipolar electrochemistry experiments36
Dip-coating of MXene and transition metal dichalcogenides on 3D-printed nanocarbon electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction36
A 62 m K-ion aqueous electrolyte36
Debunking the effect of water content on anodizing current: Evidence against the traditional dissolution theory35
Synergistic Cu/CeO2 carbon nanofiber catalysts for efficient CO2 electroreduction34
Fuel cell catalyst layer evaluation using a gas diffusion electrode half-cell: Oxygen reduction reaction on Fe-N-C in alkaline media34
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a versatile tool for the characterization of neural tissue: A mini review34
Double-anode anodization of metal Ti in two beakers33
MXene-functionalised 3D-printed electrodes for electrochemical capacitors33
Volume expansion of amorphous silicon electrodes during potentiostatic lithiation of Li-ion batteries32
Single-atom-Ni-decorated, nitrogen-doped carbon layers for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction31
Novel components in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE’s): Status, challenges and future needs. A mini review31
High-performance ion removal via zinc–air desalination30
Pulsed potential electrochemical CO2 reduction for enhanced stability and catalyst reactivation of copper electrodes30
In situ formation of (0 0 1)TiO2/Ti3C2 heterojunctions for enhanced photoelectrochemical detection of dopamine30
High performance direct organic fuel cell using the acetone/isopropanol liquid organic hydrogen carrier system29
NiCo2Se4 as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries29
Fluoridation-induced high-performance catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction: A mini review29
The significance of supporting electrolyte on poly (vinyl alcohol)–iron(II)/iron(III) solid-state electrolytes for wearable thermo-electrochemical cells29
Biomass-Derived sustainable carbon materials in energy conversion and storage applications: Status and opportunities. A mini review28
Porous high-entropy alloys as efficient electrocatalysts for water-splitting reactions28
TiO2 electrocatalysis via three-electron oxygen reduction for highly efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals27
Recent reports on electrochemical determination of selected antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations: A mini review27
Polypyridyl copper complexes as dye sensitizer and redox mediator for dye-sensitized solar cells27
3D-printed electrodes for the detection of mycotoxins in food27
3D-printed hybrid-carbon-based electrodes for electroanalytical sensing applications26
Group VI transition metal dichalcogenides as antifouling transducers for electrochemical oxidation of catechol-containing structures26
Non-precious nickel-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolyte26
Effect of sp2 species in a boron-doped diamond electrode on the electrochemical reduction of CO226
Electropolymerization and application of polyoxometalate-doped polypyrrole film electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells25
Laser induced graphene sensors for assessing pH: Application to wound management25
Organic molecules as bifunctional electroactive materials for symmetric redox flow batteries: A mini review25
Electrocatalytic activity of layered MAX phases for the hydrogen evolution reaction25
Glucose biosensors for clinical and personal use24
Ultra-sensitive detection of l-tyrosine using molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor towards diabetic foot ulcer detection24
Study of the corrosion behavior of LiFSI based electrolyte for Li-ion cells24
Electrode fabrication process and its influence in lithium-ion battery performance: State of the art and future trends24
Operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of LiCoO2 thin film in an all-solid-state lithium ion battery24
High catalytic performance of CuCo/nickel foam electrode for ammonia electrooxidation24
Research progress of tunnel-structural Na0.44MnO2 cathode for sodium-ion batteries: A mini review24
Silicon carbide-derived carbon electrocatalysts dual doped with nitrogen and phosphorus for the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium24
The initiation and formation of a double-layer phosphate conversion coating on steel23
Ti1.1V0.7Cr Nb1.0Ta0.6C3T high-entropy MXene freestanding films for charge storage applications23
Recent advances on metal nitride materials as emerging electrochemical sensors: A mini review23
Electrochemical and PEC platforms for miRNA and other epigenetic markers of cancer diseases: Recent updates23
Li9.54Si1.74(P1-xSbx)1.44S11.7Cl0.3: A functionally stable sulfide solid electrolyte in air for solid-state batteries23
Hydrogen absorption rate and hydrogen diffusion in a ferritic steel coated with a micro- or nanostructured ZnNi coating22
Different mechanisms for riboflavin to improve the outward and inward extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella loihica22
Tailoring the electrochemical hydrogen evolution activity of Cu3P through oxophilic surface modification22
Sensitivity control of dopamine detection by conducting poly(thionine)21
Changes in the interfacial charge-transfer resistance of Mg metal electrodes, measured by dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy21
Unprecedented reactive electro-mixing reactor: Towards synergy between micro- and macro-reactors?21
Tailoring metal-oxide-supported PtNi as bifunctional catalysts of superior activity and stability for unitised regenerative fuel cell applications21
PEM electrolyzer characterization with carbon-based hardware and material sets20
On the delamination of air electrodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells: A mini-review20
Influence of cyano substituents on the electron density and catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction for iron phthalocyanine. The case for Fe(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(cyano)phthal20
The effect of flow rate and concentration on the electrical conductivity of slurry electrodes using a coupled computational fluid dynamic and discrete element method (CFD–DEM) model20
Doped-Li1+V3O8 as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A mini review20
Recent progress in CO2 reduction using bimetallic electrodes containing copper20
Electrocatalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated acids in a PEM reactor with cinchona-modified palladium catalysts20
Metal–organic frameworks for solid-state electrolytes: A mini review19
Effect of stray current coupled with chloride concentration and temperature on the corrosion resistance of a steel passivation film19
Direct electrochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids: The focus on 3D structure19
Electron and proton conductivity of Fe-N-C cathodes for PEM fuel cells: A model-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement19
Interfacial engineering of polypropylene separator with outstanding high-temperature stability for highly safe and stable lithium-sulfur batteries19
Co–Ni nanowires supported on porous alumina as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction18
Porous multi-metallic Pt-based nanostructures as efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation: A mini-review18
Insights into electrochemical behavior in laser-scribed electrochemical paper-based analytical devices18
Hollow La0.6Sr0.4Ni0.2Fe0.75Mo0.05O3-δ electrodes with exsolved FeNi3 in quasi-symmetrical solid oxide electrolysis cells for direct CO2 electrolysis18
Anodic dissolution of aluminum and anodic passivation in [EMIm]Cl-based ionic liquids18
Facile synthesis of Cu2SnS3 nanocrystals for efficient nitrogen reduction reaction18
Anodization of electrodeposited titanium films towards TiO2 nanotube layers18
Nanocomposite integrating tube-like NiCo2S4 and carbon nanotubes for electrooxidation of methanol18
Stripping voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead ions based on a bismuth oxide surface-decorated nanoporous bismuth electrode17
Performance of Li4Ti5O12-based reference electrode for the electrochemical analysis of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries17
The effect of atmospheric pressure on the growth rate of TiO2 nanotubes: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution theory17
Nickel sulfides supported by carbon spheres as efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction17
On the application of bipolar electrochemistry for simulating galvanic corrosion behaviour of dissimilar stainless steels17
All-solid-state sodium-sulfur battery showing full capacity with activated carbon MSP20-sulfur-Na3SbS4 composite17
A simple and effective flexible electrochemiluminescence sensor for lidocaine detection17
Cobalt-substituted iron-based wolframite synthesized via polyol route for efficient oxygen evolution reaction17
Evaluation of the toxicity reduction of an ionic liquid solution electrochemically treated using BDD films with different sp3/sp2 ratios17
A simple electrochemical pH sensor based on black phosphorus nanosheets17
Design of an electrochemically gated organic semiconductor for pH sensing17
On-line monitoring of dissolution processes in nonaqueous electrolytes – A case study with platinum17
Effect of a high magnetic field on aluminum electrodeposition using an ionic liquid17
Electrochemical exfoliation of porous antimonene as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries16
Bifunctional multi-metallic nitrogen-doped nanocarbon catalysts derived from 5-methylresorcinol16
Influence of experimental conditions on the electrochemical window. Case study on bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquids16
Electrolyte acidification from anode reactions during lithium mediated ammonia synthesis16
Selective electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia with high Faradaic efficiency on nanocrystalline silver16
Research progress of flexible sodium-ion batteries derived from renewable polymer materials16
Towards deeper understanding of DNA electrochemical oxidation on carbon electrodes16
A composite heterogeneous catalyst C-Py-Sn-Zn for selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 to methanol16
Electrochemical synthesis of carbon-metal fluoride nanocomposites as cathode materials for lithium batteries16
Defective vs high-quality graphene for solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: Effects of capacitance and hydrophobicity16
Debunking the formation mechanism of nanopores in four kinds of electrolytes without fluoride ion15
Methanol electrooxidation on core-shell Ag@Pd catalysts15
Boron and nitrogen dopants in graphene have opposite effects on the electrochemical detection of explosive nitroaromatic compounds15
Mass transport evolution in microfluidic thin film electrochemical reactors: New correlations from millimetric to submillimetric interelectrode distances15
Rational engineering design of nickel hydroxides for urea oxidation reaction: A mini-review15
Fabrication of 3D NiO-YSZ structures for enhanced performance of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers15
Nanoporous copper as an inexpensive electrochemical actuator responsive to sub-volt voltages15
Growth of porous anodic TiO2 in silver nitrate solution without fluoride: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution reactions of fluoride ions15
Electrografting and electropolymerization of nanoarrays of PANI filaments through silica mesochannels15
Polymer coating for improved redox-polymer-mediated enzyme electrodes: A mini-review15
Binary and ternary deep eutectic solvent mixtures: Influence on methylene blue electropolymerisation15
Recent applications of black phosphorus and its related composites in electrochemistry and bioelectrochemistry: A mini review15
Controlling anodization time to monitor film thickness, phase composition and crystal orientation during anodic growth of TiO2 nanotubes14
A scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) study of the interfacial solution chemistry at polarised chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and chalcocite (Cu2S)14
Use of in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical technique to explore atmospheric corrosion in marine-relevant environments14
Fabrication of micro/nanoporous templates with a novel hierarchical structure by anodization of a patterned aluminum surface14
Fast growth of highly ordered porous alumina films based on closed bipolar electrochemistry14
Photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 photoanodes: Nanotube versus nanoflake electrodes14
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation to ammonia: Advances, challenges and perspectives. A mini review14
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes based on ferrocene-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes14
Emerging, hydrogen-driven electrochemical water purification14
Fenton and Fenton-like catalysts for electrochemical immunoassay: A mini review14
Investigation of pitting corrosion and hydrogen evolution of aluminum and AA2024 alloy by simultaneous electrochemical measurements and imaging14
Buffering electrolyte alkalinity for highly selective and energy-efficient transformation of CO2 to CO14
Recent developments in Pd-CeO2 nano-composite electrocatalysts for anodic reactions in anion exchange membrane fuel cells14
A boron-based electrolyte additive for calcium electrodeposition14
Recent advances on pre-sodiation in sodium-ion capacitors: A mini review14
On the dynamic passivity and corrosion resistance of a low cost and low density multi-principal-element alloy produced via commodity metals13
Gold nanoparticle-based eco-friendly ink for electrode patterning on flexible substrates13
A new perspective on pore growth in anodic alumina films13
Internal anodization of porous Ti to fabricate immobilized TiO2 nanotubes with a high specific surface area13
An iridium-decorated metal–organic framework for electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite13
Direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis by membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans and cyanide effects on its bioelectrocatalytic properties13
Theoretical and experimental study of the influence of cation–Eriochrome complexes on the BDD anodic oxidation of Eriochrome Black T solutions13
Electrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells: A mini review13
Highly sensitive and disposable screen-printed ionic liquid/graphene based electrochemical sensors13
Recent advances in catalyst design for the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical conversion of methane to value-added products13
Electrochemical extraction of lithium by ion insertion from natural brine using a flow-by reactor: Possibilities and limitations13
Measurement of the mass sensitivity of QCM with ring electrodes using electrodeposition13
Effect of the reactants concentration on the synthesis and cycle life of copper hexacyanoferrate for aqueous Zn-ion batteries13
Porous ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction13
Electrospun nanofibers for electrochemical reduction of CO2: A mini review13
Activity for the ORR on Pt-Pd-Co ternary alloy electrodes is markedly affected by surface structure and composition13
Preparation of boron-carbide-supported iridium nanoclusters for the oxygen evolution reaction12
An inverse-designed electrochemical platform for analytical applications12
Construction of mesoporous bimetallic (Ni, Co) organic framework microspheres for lithium-ion capacitors12
Uncovering the behavior of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with polymers molecularly imprinted with lipopolysaccharide12
Fluidized bed cathodes as suitable electron donors for bacteria to remove nitrogen and produce biohydrogen12
Peat-derived carbon-based non-platinum group metal type catalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions12
A sodium bis(perfluoropinacol) borate-based electrolyte for stable, high-performance room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries based on sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile)12
A series of alkali metal elements doped La2Ce2O7 electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells12
Recent progress on understanding and constructing reliable Na anode for aprotic Na-O2 batteries: A mini review12
A new method for manufacturing dry electrodes on textiles. Validation for wearable ECG monitoring11
Using nanomaterials as building blocks for electrochemical deposition: A mini review11
Float-charging protocol in rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries: Unraveling the key role of Mn2+ additives in preventing spontaneous pH changes11
Direct growth of nickel-doped cobalt phosphide nanowire cluster on carbon cloth for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction11
Growth behavior of tantalum oxide nanotubes during constant current anodization11
Biopolymer-based gel electrolytes with an ionic liquid for high-voltage electrochemical capacitors11
Unusual surfaces with structural gradients: Investigation of potential gradients on bipolar electrodes during bipolar anodization of aluminum11
Corrosion behavior of a eutectic Mg–8Li alloy in NaCl solution11
Redox and optically active carbohelicene layers prepared by potentiodynamic polymerization11
Electrogeneration of H2O2 utilizing anodic O2 on a polytetrafluoroethylene-modified cathode in a flow-through reactor11
Using single fibre electrodes to determine the spatial variability of rate constants across carbon felt electrodes11
Polypyrrole/Al2O3/LiMn2O4 cathode for enhanced storage of Li ions11
Ultrafast synthesis of Cu2O octahedrons inlaid in Ni foam for efficient alkaline water/seawater electrolysis11
In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of the electrochemical reduction of SiO2 in molten CaCl211
Polymer pencil leads as a porous nanocomposite graphite material for electrochemical applications: The impact of chemical and thermal treatments11
Effect of pinholes in Nb4C3 MXene sheets on its electrochemical behavior in aqueous electrolytes10
The role of Ru clusters in Fe carbide suppression for the reverse water gas shift reaction over electropromoted Ru/FeO catalysts10
On the reaction rate distribution in porous electrodes10
Copper coordinated with nitrogen in electrospun carbon nanofibers as a high-performance electrocatalyst for ORR10
Wireless accessing of salivary biomarkers based wearable electrochemical sensors: A mini-review10
Self-assembled monolayers enhance the efficiency of Pt single atom co-catalysts in photocatalytic H2 generation10
Additive manufacturing of composite porosity mixer electrodes10
Perovskite lead-based oxide anodes for rechargeable batteries10
Review of DFT-simulated and experimental electrochemistry properties of the polypyridyl Row-1 Mn, Fe & Co, and Group-8 Fe, Ru and Os MLCT complexes10
Self-adhesive and printable tannin–graphene supramolecular aggregates for wearable potentiometric pH sensing10
Controlled contribution of Ni and Cr cations to stainless steel 304 electrode: Effect of electrochemical oxidation on electrocatalytic properties10
Roles of film-forming additives in diluted and concentrated electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: A density functional theory-based approach10
High-performance, flexible, binder-free silicon–carbon anode for lithium storage applications10
Specific adsorption and highly sensitive detection of methyl red in wastewater using an iron paste electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer10
Computer numerical control-printed paper electrodes for electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin10
Glucose oxidation by enzyme electrodes using genipin to crosslink chitosan, glucose oxidase and amine-containing osmium redox complexes10
Development of additive-assisted Ag-MACE for multicrystalline black Si solar cells10
3D-printed nanocarbon sensors for the detection of chlorophenols and nitrophenols: Towards environmental applications of additive manufacturing10
Comparison of Pt and IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti as a counter electrode in acidic media10
Electrochemistry at the liquid–liquid interface rediscovers interfacial polycondensation of nylon-6,610
NaFeSnO4: Tunnel structured anode material for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries10
An improved hydrophobic coating for the porous gas diffusion layer in a PEM-based electrochemical hydrogen pump to mitigate anode flooding9
Electrochemically controlled Au nanoparticle nucleation at a micro liquid/liquid interface using ferrocene as reducing agent9
Fabrication of high specific surface area TiO2 nanopowders by anodization of porous titanium9
Electrodeposition of a CoNiCu medium-entropy alloy in a water-in-oil emulsion9
On the development of electrochemical sensors coated with polycaprolactone9
Highly ordered anodic porous oxides of transition metals fabricated by anodization combined with a pretexturing process9
Monitoring amyloid-β 42 conformational change using a spray-printed graphene electrode9
Freestanding biopellet electrodes based on carbon nanotubes and protein compression for direct and mediated bioelectrocatalysis9
A biomass-based cathode for long-life lithium-sulfur batteries9
Reactive oxygen species formation at Pt nanoparticles revisited by electron paramagnetic resonance and electrochemical analysis9
Investigation of mass loading of cathode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries9
Microstructure evolution of lithium-ion battery electrodes at different states of charge: Deep learning-based segmentation9
Role of sp2 carbon in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose using boron-doped diamond electrodes9
Inactive materials matter: How binder amounts affect the cycle life of graphite electrodes in potassium-ion batteries9
Influence of aqueous solutions treatment on the Li+ storage properties of molten salt derived Ti3C2Cl MXene9
Electrolyte viscosity and solid phase formation during aluminium electrolysis9
3D printing of ultrathick natural graphite anodes for high-performance interdigitated three-dimensional lithium-ion batteries9
Green electrogenerated chemiluminescence using a quinacridone derivative as a guest molecule9
The effects of local graphitization on the charging mechanisms of microporous carbon supercapacitor electrodes9
Ni(OH)2-free NiCu as a hydrogen evolution and oxidation electrocatalyst9
Direct conversion of natural gases in solid oxide cells: A mini-review9
Characterization of complicated electropolymerization using UV–vis spectroelectrochemistry and an electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation: A case study of tricarbazole derivatives9
Electroresponsiveness of a positively charged thin hydrogel layer on an electrode surface9
Microporous activated carbon derived from azulmic acid precursor with high sulfur loading and its application to lithium-sulfur battery cathode9
Addressing the origin of highly catalytic activity of A-site Sr-doped perovskite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells8
Multi-frequency analysis in a single square-wave chronoamperometric experiment8
Electrochemical characterization of the antibiotic hybrid ciprofloxacin-tobramycin8
An approach through steam to form sulfur nanoparticles for lithium sulfur batteries8
Au-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of alcohols using an electrochemical column flow cell8
Effect of fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate additives on full-cell optimization of Li-ion capacitors8
Boosting the cycling performance of spinel LiMn2O4 by in situ MnBO3 coating8
Common mechanism for helical nanotube formation by anodic polymerization and by cathodic deposition using helical pores on silicon electrodes8
Separation and hydrogenation of nitrate ions by micro-scale capacitive-faradaic fuel cells (CFFCs)8
Paired electrochemical synthesis of formate via oxidation of glycerol and reduction of CO2 in a flow cell reactor8
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