OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Ethics and Information Technology is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-12-01 to 2025-12-01.)

Article	Citations
An Ellulian analysis of propaganda in the context of generative AI	209
Military robots should not look like a humans	130
AI responsibility gap: not new, inevitable, unproblematic	80
Epistemo-ethical constraints on AI-human decision making for diagnostic purposes	68
Correction: Beyond transparency and explainability: on the need for adequate and contextualized user guidelines for LLM use	60
Gamification and the virtue of perspective	56
Socially Disruptive Technologies and Conceptual Engineering	46
ChatGPT is incredible (at being average)	40
The Right to Break the Law? Perfect Enforcement of the Law Using Technology Impedes the Development of Legal Systems	38
Autonomous weapon systems impact on incidence of armed conflict: rejecting the ‘lower threshold for war argument’	37
Disembodied friendship: virtual friends and the tendencies of technologically mediated friendship	36
Correction: ChatGPT is bullshit	36
Navigating the social dilemma of autonomous systems: normative and applied arguments	34
Why converging technologies need converging international regulation	32
Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19	31
Conceptualizing understanding in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): an abilities-based approach	31
Deny, dismiss and downplay: developers’ attitudes towards risk and their role in risk creation in the field of healthcare-AI	30
Responsible guidelines for authorship attribution tasks in NLP	29
Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society	29
Legal and ethical implications of autonomous cyber capabilities: a call for retaining human control in cyberspace	28
Engineering responsibility	27
Technology and moral change: the transformation of truth and trust	25
A data-centric approach for ethical and trustworthy AI in journalism	25
Legal reviews of in situ learning in autonomous weapons	24
Ethical responsibility and computational design: bespoke surgical tools as an instructive case study	23

Design culture for Sustainable urban artificial intelligence: Bruno Latour and the search for a different AI urbanism	23
Contextual negation by moral opposition: rethinking the ethics of (Rape) simulations	23
Technologically mediated encounters with ‘nature’	23
Calibrating machine behavior: a challenge for AI alignment	21
Establishing human responsibility and accountability at early stages of the lifecycle for AI-based defence systems	20
The global diplomacy of governing military artificial intelligence	20
Of machines and men: Attributions of moral responsibility in AI-assisted warfare	19
Humans, Neanderthals, robots and rights	18
The irresponsibility of not using AI in the military	18
Mechanic citizenship: Boston Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics and the constitution of digital citizens	18
Socially disruptive technologies and epistemic injustice	18
Ethical implications of fairness interventions: what might be hidden behind engineering choices?	16
Legitimacy and automated decisions: the moral limits of algocracy	16
Use case cards: a use case reporting framework inspired by the European AI Act	16
The need for and nature of a normative, cultural psychology of weaponized AI (artificial intelligence)	16
Enabling Fairness in Healthcare Through Machine Learning	15
AWS compliance with the ethical principle of proportionality: three possible solutions	15
Autonomous Military Systems: collective responsibility and distributed burdens	15
Disruptive technologies, engineered concepts, and normative guidance	15
Smart cities as a testbed for experimenting with humans? - Applying psychological ethical guidelines to smart city interventions	15
Reasons underdetermination in meaningful human control	15
The video gamer’s dilemmas	15
Urban Digital Twins and metaverses towards city multiplicities: uniting or dividing urban experiences?	14
Is moral status done with words?	14
A phenomenology and epistemology of large language models: transparency, trust, and trustworthiness	14
Algorithmic decision-making employing profiling: will trade secrecy protection render the right to explanation toothless?	14
ChatGPT is bullshit	14
Big data and the risk of misguided responsibilization	14
The rationality and morality of connecting quantum computers	13
Rethinking explainability: toward a postphenomenology of black-box artificial intelligence in medicine	13
Negotiating becoming: a Nietzschean critique of large language models	13
The Ethics of AI in Human Resources	13
The landscape of data and AI documentation approaches in the European policy context	12
Generative AI models should include detection mechanisms as a condition for public release	12
All ‘Dark patterns’ Are ‘Hostile patterns’: A Hostility Framework for Understanding Problematic Digital Interfaces	12
A values-based approach to designing military autonomous systems	11
Correction: The repugnant resolution: has Coghlan & Cox resolved the Gamer’s Dilemma?	11
Digital temperance: adapting an ancient virtue for a technological age	11
Introduction to the topical collection on AI and responsibility	11
Cobots, “co-operation” and the replacement of human skill	11
Enforcing ethical goals over reinforcement-learning policies	10
What responsibility gaps are and what they should be	10
Vicarious liability: a solution to a problem of AI responsibility?	10
Public health measures and the rise of incidental surveillance: Considerations about private informational power and accountability	10
Ethics of sleep tracking: techno-ethical particularities of consumer-led sleep-tracking with a focus on medicalization, vulnerability, and relationality	10
Design for values and conceptual engineering	9
Ethics of generative AI and manipulation: a design-oriented research agenda	9
Explainable AI in the military domain	9
Deconstructing controversies to design a trustworthy AI future	9
Cognitive warfare: an ethical analysis	9

A Capability Approach to worker dignity under Algorithmic Management	9
Digital twins for children with rare diseases: an exploration of the legal and ethical issues	9
Autonomous weapon systems and responsibility gaps: a taxonomy	9
Explanation and Agency: exploring the normative-epistemic landscape of the “Right to Explanation”	9
Correction to: Weapons of moral construction? On the value of fairness in algorithmic decision-making	9
Tailoring responsible research and innovation to the translational context: the case of AI-supported exergaming	9
Can we solve the Gamer’s Dilemma by resisting it?	8
Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?	8
Automated opioid risk scores: a case for machine learning-induced epistemic injustice in healthcare	8
Transparency for AI systems: a value-based approach	8
Responsible scaling of artificial intelligence in healthcare: standardization meets customization	8
A systematic review of almost three decades of value sensitive design (VSD): what happened to the technical investigations?	8
Operationalising responsible AI in the military domain: a context-specific assessment	8
Role of emotions in responsible military AI	8
Responsible reliance concerning development and use of AI in the military domain	8
Dirty data labeled dirt cheap: epistemic injustice in machine learning systems	8
Gamer’s de se imaginative resistance: a descriptive–philosophical resolution to the gamer’s dilemma	8
Lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS): meaningful human Control, collective moral responsibility and institutional design	8
Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	8
Politiquette: Liberalism, identity, and free speech on AI-powered digital social media	8
Has the world gone botshit crazy? A response to the Frankfurtian critique of ChatGPT in higher education	7
Why a treaty on autonomous weapons is necessary and feasible	7
Easy-read and large language models: on the ethical dimensions of LLM-based text simplification	7
Correction to: the Ethics of AI in Human Resources	7
Mind the gap: bridging the divide between computer scientists and ethicists in shaping moral machines	6
Ludic resistance: a new solution to the gamer’s paradox	6
Between death and suffering: resolving the gamer’s dilemma	6
Policy advice and best practices on bias and fairness in AI	6
Intended, afforded, and experienced serendipity: overcoming the paradox of artificial serendipity	6
Towards a comprehensive framework for ethical and responsible standardisation	6
Ethics framework for predictive clinical AI model updating	6
Diversity and language technology: how language modeling bias causes epistemic injustice	6
Explanatory pragmatism: a context-sensitive framework for explainable medical AI	6
Conceptualizations of user autonomy within the normative evaluation of dark patterns	6
What is conceptual disruption?	6
AI and the need for justification (to the patient)	6
Bringing values to standardisation: from policy concepts to a value-based framework for education about standardisation	6
Helpful, harmless, honest? Sociotechnical limits of AI alignment and safety through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	5
Human digital twins unlocking Society 5.0? Approaches, emerging risks and disruptions	5
A moving target in AI-assisted decision-making: dataset shift, model updating, and the problem of update opacity	5
Violent video games: content, attitudes, and norms	5
Dual-use implications of AI text generation	5
Trust in medical artificial intelligence: a discretionary account	5
Empathy training through virtual reality: moral enhancement with the freedom to fall?	5
Engineers on responsibility: feminist approaches to who’s responsible for ethical AI	5
Robots, institutional roles and joint action: some key ethical issues	5
The value of responsibility gaps in algorithmic decision-making	5
Recommender systems as commercial speech: A framing for US legislation	5
Embracing grief in the age of deathbots: a temporary tool, not a permanent solution	5
Moral autonomy of patients and legal barriers to a possible duty of health related data sharing	5
Socializing the political: rethinking filter bubbles and social media with Hannah Arendt	5
Melting contestation: insurance fairness and machine learning	4
The ethics of online steering	4
The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition	4
Human achievement and artificial intelligence	4
Correction: Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	4
Dating apps as tools for social engineering	4
Artificial intelligence and humanitarian obligations	4
The perfect technological storm: artificial intelligence and moral complacency	4
Military artificial intelligence as power: consideration for European Union actorness	4
The cognitive and moral harms of platform decay	4
A portrait of the artist as a young algorithm	4
Fiduciary requirements for virtual assistants	4
The ethics of hacking. Ross W. Bellaby	4
Ethics of AI in Africa: Interrogating the role of Ubuntu and AI governance initiatives	4
Should we embrace “Big Sister”? Smart speakers as a means to combat intimate partner violence	4
Getting it right: the limits of fine-tuning large language models	4
Algorithmic legitimacy in clinical decision-making	4
Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”	4
Technology and pronouns: disrupting the ‘Natural Attitude about Gender’	4