Precision Agriculture

Article	Citations
Automation in Agriculture by Machine and Deep Learning Techniques: A Review of Recent Developments	174
Robots in agriculture: prospects, impacts, ethics, and policy	126
Intelligent robots for fruit harvesting: recent developments and future challenges	95
UAV-based multi-sensor data fusion and machine learning algorithm for yield prediction in wheat	85
Acceptance of artificial intelligence in German agriculture: an application of the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior	85
Deep learning-based identification system of weeds and crops in strawberry and pea fields for a precision agriculture sprayer	79
Orchard management with small unmanned aerial vehicles: a survey of sensing and analysis approaches	63
Optimization strategies of fruit detection to overcome the challenge of unstructured background in field orchard environment: a review	49
How can precision farming work on a small scale? A systematic literature review	46
The adoption of drones in German agriculture: a structural equation model	45
Precision agriculture technology adoption: a qualitative study of small-scale commercial “family farms” located in the North China Plain	44
Fusion of the YOLOv4 network model and visual attention mechanism to detect low-quality young apples in a complex environment	42
A review of methods to evaluate crop model performance at multiple and changing spatial scales	42
Semantic segmentation of citrus-orchard using deep neural networks and multispectral UAV-based imagery	42
Phenotyping a diversity panel of quinoa using UAV-retrieved leaf area index, SPAD-based chlorophyll and a random forest approach	41
Field assessment of a pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system applying different spray volumes: duty cycle and forward speed effects on vines spray coverage	39
Adoption of digital technologies in agriculture—an inventory in a european small-scale farming region	37
Citrus fruits maturity detection in natural environments based on convolutional neural networks and visual saliency map	36
An accurate method for predicting spatial variability of maize yield from UAV-based plant height estimation: a tool for monitoring agronomic field experiments	35
Plant disease detection using drones in precision agriculture	35
An improved approach to estimate ratoon rice aboveground biomass by integrating UAV-based spectral, textural and structural features	35
A hybrid representation of the environment to improve autonomous navigation of mobile robots in agriculture	35
Suitability of satellite remote sensing data for yield estimation in northeast Germany	35
Drivers and challenges of precision agriculture: a social media perspective	34
RS-Net: robust segmentation of green overlapped apples	33

Hyperspectral assessment of leaf nitrogen accumulation for winter wheat using different regression modeling	33
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit detection and localization in natural environment based on binocular stereo vision and improved YOLOv3 model	32
Statistical and machine learning methods for crop yield prediction in the context of precision agriculture	28
A meta-analysis of factors driving the adoption of precision agriculture	27
Optimization of multi-source UAV RS agro-monitoring schemes designed for field-scale crop phenotyping	26
Site‐specific nitrogen balances based on spatially variable soil and plant properties	26
Application of spatio-temporal data in site-specific maize yield prediction with machine learning methods	25
Guidelines for precise lime management based on high-resolution soil pH, texture and SOM maps generated from proximal soil sensing data	25
Efficient tomato harvesting robot based on image processing and deep learning	24
Determining leaf nutrient concentrations in citrus trees using UAV imagery and machine learning	24
Forage yield and quality estimation by means of UAV and hyperspectral imaging	24
Field evaluations of a deep learning-based intelligent spraying robot with flow control for pear orchards	23
Economics of autonomous equipment for arable farms	23
Object-level classification of vegetable crops in 3D LiDAR point cloud using deep learning convolutional neural networks	23
The adoption of precision agriculture enabling technologies in Swiss outdoor vegetable production: a Delphi study	23
Optimization of the factors affecting droplet deposition in rice fields by rotary unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)	23
The challenge of reproducing remote sensing data from satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the context of management zones and precision agriculture	23
Clustered tomato detection and picking point location using machine learning-aided image analysis for automatic robotic harvesting	23
Estimation of tea leaf blight severity in natural scene images	22
Deep convolutional neural networks for estimating maize above-ground biomass using multi-source UAV images: a comparison with traditional machine learning algorithms	22
Estimating maize seedling number with UAV RGB images and advanced image processing methods	21
Determining nitrogen deficiencies for maize using various remote sensing indices	21
In-season variable rate nitrogen recommendation for wheat precision production supported by fixed-wing UAV imagery	21
Yield sensing technologies for perennial and annual horticultural crops: a review	20
A fast and robust method for plant count in sunflower and maize at different seedling stages using high-resolution UAV RGB imagery	20
German farmers’ intention to use autonomous field robots: a PLS-analysis	20
Soil mapping for precision agriculture using support vector machines combined with inverse distance weighting	20
Faba bean above-ground biomass and bean yield estimation based on consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicle RGB images and ensemble learning	20
Evaluation of the precision of the rising plate meter for measuring compressed sward height on heterogeneous grassland swards	20
Soil apparent electrical conductivity and must carbon isotope ratio provide indication of plant water status in wine grape vineyards	19
Consumer-grade UAV utilized for detecting and analyzing late-season weed spatial distribution patterns in commercial onion fields	19
Estimation of soil classes and their relationship to grapevine vigor in a Bordeaux vineyard: advancing the practical joint use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and NDVI datasets for precision viticu	18
Estimation of nitrogen status of paddy rice at vegetative phase using unmanned aerial vehicle based multispectral imagery	18
Using UAV-based hyperspectral imaging and functional regression to assist in predicting grain yield and related traits in wheat under heat-related stress environments for the purpose of stable yieldin	17
Precision agriculture research in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic map	17
A novel plant disease prediction model based on thermal images using modified deep convolutional neural network	17
Automatic monitoring of flying vegetable insect pests using an RGB camera and YOLO-SIP detector	17
Effects of intra-vineyard variability and soil heterogeneity on vine performance, dry matter and nutrient partitioning	16
Strategies for monitoring within-field soybean yield using Sentinel-2 Vis-NIR-SWIR spectral bands and machine learning regression methods	16
Prediction of soil nutrient content via pXRF spectrometry and its spatial variation in a highly variable tropical area	16
Leaf area index estimations by deep learning models using RGB images and data fusion in maize	16
Early yield prediction in different grapevine varieties using computer vision and machine learning	15
A domain-specific language framework for farm management information systems in precision agriculture	15
Semi-supervised deep learning and low-cost cameras for the semantic segmentation of natural images in viticulture	15
Processing of remote sensing information to retrieve leaf area index in barley: a comparison of methods	15
Small-target weed-detection model based on YOLO-V4 with improved backbone and neck structures	15
Deep-learning-based counting methods, datasets, and applications in agriculture: a review	15
Ground speed and planter downforce influence on corn seed spacing and depth	15
Impact of in-field soil heterogeneity on biomass and yield of winter triticale in an intensively cropped hummocky landscape under temperate climate conditions	15
Detecting the attack of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in cotton plants with machine learning and spectral measurements	15

Within‐farm wheat yield forecasting incorporating off‐farm information	14
Determining leaf stomatal properties in citrus trees utilizing machine vision and artificial intelligence	14
Direct prediction of site-specific lime requirement of arable fields using the base neutralizing capacity and a multi-sensor platform for on-the-go soil mapping	14
Quantifying effect of tassels on near-ground maize canopy RGB images using deep learning segmentation algorithm	14
Multi-sensors data fusion approach for site-specific seeding of consumption and seed potato production	14
Estimation of the vertically integrated leaf nitrogen content in maize using canopy hyperspectral red edge parameters	13
Correlating the field water balance derived crop coefficient (Kc) and canopy reflectance-based NDVI for irrigated sugarcane	13
Medium-resolution multispectral satellite imagery in precision agriculture: mapping precision canola (Brassica napus L.) yield using Sentinel-2 time series	13
An assessment of multi-view spectral information from UAV-based color-infrared images for improved estimation of nitrogen nutrition status in winter wheat	13
Flying over the farm: understanding drone adoption by Australian irrigators	12
Precision land leveling for sustainable rice production: case studies in Cambodia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, and India	12
Estimation of canopy nitrogen content in winter wheat from Sentinel-2 images for operational agricultural monitoring	12
European stakeholders’ perspectives on implementation potential of precision weed control: the case of autonomous vehicles with laser treatment	12
Deep learning techniques for in-crop weed recognition in large-scale grain production systems: a review	12
Utilising grassland management and climate data for more accurate prediction of herbage mass using the rising plate meter	12
Supporting operational site‐specific fertilization in rice cropping systems with infield smartphone measurements and Sentinel-2 observations	12
Potential of laboratory hyperspectral data for in-field detection of Phytophthora infestans on potato	12
High-resolution satellite image to predict peanut maturity variability in commercial fields	12
Estimating litchi flower number using a multicolumn convolutional neural network based on a density map	12
Features and applications of a field imaging chlorophyll fluorometer to measure stress in agricultural plants	12
Coffee ripeness monitoring using a UAV-mounted low-cost multispectral camera	12
Use of remote sensing-derived fPAR data in a grapevine simulation model for estimating vine biomass accumulation and yield variability at sub-field level	12
The effect of growth stage and plant counting accuracy of maize inbred lines on LAI and biomass prediction	12
Spatial variability of soil properties, nitrogen balance and nitrate leaching using digital methods on heterogeneous arable fields in southern Germany	11
Drone remote sensing of wheat N using hyperspectral sensor and machine learning	11
Normalization of the crop water stress index to assess the within-field spatial variability of water stress sensitivity	11
Grape leaf disease identification with sparse data via generative adversarial networks and convolutional neural networks	11
Sensitivity of soil electromagnetic induction measurements to salinity, water content, clay, organic matter and bulk density	11
Unmanned aerial vehicle to evaluate frost damage in coffee plants	11
Evaluation of weed impact on wheat biomass by combining visible imagery with a plant growth model: towards new non-destructive indicators for weed competition	10
Quantification of dwarfing effect of different rootstocks in ‘Picual’ olive cultivar using UAV-photogrammetry	10
Development and performance tests of an on-the-go detector of soil total nitrogen concentration based on near-infrared spectroscopy	10
Precision nitrogen management in rainfed durum wheat cultivation: exploring synergies and trade-offs via energy analysis, life cycle assessment, and monetization	10
Who is responsible for ‘responsible AI’?: Navigating challenges to build trust in AI agriculture and food system technology	10
Design considerations of variable rate liquid fertilizer applicator for mature oil palm trees	10
Economic potential of rice precision farming in malaysia: the case study of Felcra Seberang Perak	10
Combining leaf fluorescence and active canopy reflectance sensing technologies to diagnose maize nitrogen status across growth stages	10
Improved piezoelectric grain cleaning loss sensor based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system	9
Subfield crop yields and temporal stability in thousands of US Midwest fields	9
Does drone remote sensing accurately estimate soil pH in a spring wheat field in southwest Montana?	9
Upscaling proximal sensor N-uptake predictions in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with Sentinel-2 satellite data for use in a decision support system	9
Improving soil property maps for precision agriculture in the presence of outliers using covariates	9
Spectroscopic determination of chlorophyll content in sugarcane leaves for drought stress detection	9
Assessing performance of empirical models for forecasting crop responses to variable fertilizer rates using on-farm precision experimentation	9
Geographically weighted regression estimation of the linear response and plateau function	9
Taking into account change of support when merging heterogeneous spatial data for field partition	9
Selecting the proper material for a grain loss sensor based on DEM simulation and structure optimization to improve monitoring ability	9
Investigation of the similarities between NDVI maps from different proximal and remote sensing platforms in explaining vineyard variability	9
ApeX-Vigne: experiences in monitoring vine water status from within-field to regional scales using crowdsourcing data from a free mobile phone application	9
Using deep learning for pruning region detection and plant organ segmentation in dormant spur-pruned grapevines	9
Data-driven agriculture and sustainable farming: friends or foes?	9
Economic potential of site-specific pesticide application scenarios with direct injection and automatic application assistant in northern Germany	9
Delineating soil nutrient management zones based on optimal sampling interval in medium- and small-scale intensive farming systems	8
Vegetation indices as a Tool for Mapping Sugarcane Management Zones	8
Predicting site-specific economic optimal nitrogen rate using machine learning methods and on-farm precision experimentation	8
Hyperspectral imaging predicts yield and nitrogen content in grass–legume polycultures	8
Applying colour-based feature extraction and transfer learning to develop a high throughput inference system for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) stems with images from unmanned aerial vehicles after can	8
Twenty-two years of precision agriculture: a bibliometric review	8
Satellite multispectral indices to estimate canopy parameters and within-field management zones in super-intensive almond orchards	8
Detection of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus using hyperspectral imaging: from lab to field scans and from hyperspectral to multispectral data	8
Spatiotemporal normalized ratio methodology to evaluate the impact of field-scale variable rate application	8
Multi-temporal analysis of terrestrial laser scanning data to detect basal stem rot in oil palm trees	8
Spatial estimation methods for mapping corn silage and grain yield monitor data	8
Predicting the ripening time of ‘Hass’ and ‘Shepard’ avocado fruit by hyperspectral imaging	8
Understanding the farm data lifecycle: collection, use, and impact of farm data on U.S. commercial corn and soybean farms	8
Assessment of design and analysis frameworks for on-farm experimentation through a simulation study of wheat yield in Japan	8
Identification of table grapes in the natural environment based on an improved Yolov5 and localization of picking points	8
Application of visible near-infrared absorbance spectroscopy for the determination of Soil pH and liming requirements for broad-acre agriculture	8
Sweet corn yield prediction using machine learning models and field-level data	7
A comparison of precision and conventional irrigation in corn production in Southeast Alabama	7
Three-dimensional location methods for the vision system of strawberry-harvesting robots: development and comparison	7
A novel sampling design considering the local heterogeneity of soil for farm field-level mapping with multiple soil properties	7
Economics of field size and shape for autonomous crop machines	7
Identification of main factors affecting the within-field spatial variability of grapevine phenology and total soluble solids accumulation: towards the vineyard zoning using auxiliary information	7
Spatial patterns of soil microbial communities and implications for precision soil management at the field scale	7
A novel end-effector for a fruit and vegetable harvesting robot: mechanism and field experiment	7
Advanced spraying systems to improve pesticide saving and reduce spray drift for apple orchards	7
Spatial patchiness and association of pests and natural enemies in agro-ecosystems and their application in precision pest management: a review	7
End-to-end 3D CNN for plot-scale soybean yield prediction using multitemporal UAV-based RGB images	7
LAI estimation through remotely sensed NDVI following hail defoliation in maize (Zea mays L.) using Sentinel-2 and UAV imagery	7

Correlation of UAV and satellite-derived vegetation indices with cotton physiological parameters and their use as a tool for scheduling variable rate irrigation in cotton	7
Correction to: Automation in Agriculture by Machine and Deep Learning Techniques: A Review of Recent Developments	7
A new method based on machine learning to forecast fruit yield using spectrometric data: analysis in a fruit supply chain context	7
Online recognition of peanut leaf diseases based on the data balance algorithm and deep transfer learning	7
Variable-rate seeding in soybean according to soil attributes related to grain yield	7
Improved estimation of herbaceous crop aboveground biomass using UAV-derived crop height combined with vegetation indices	7
Recognition of sunflower growth period based on deep learning from UAV remote sensing images	7
Evaluation of different crop model-based approaches for variable rate nitrogen fertilization in winter wheat	6
Surface reflectance calculation and predictive models of biophysical parameters of maize crop from RG-NIR sensor on board a UAV	6
Toward an effective approach for on-farm experimentation: lessons learned from a case study of fertilizer application optimization in Japan	6
Growth monitoring of field-grown onion and garlic by CIE L*a*b* color space and region-based crop segmentation of UAV RGB images	6
Process improvement of selecting the best interpolator and its parameters to create thematic maps	6
In vivo sensing to monitor tomato plants in field conditions and optimize crop water management	6
Approach for graph-based individual branch modelling of meadow orchard trees with 3D point clouds	6
Developing an efficiency and energy-saving nitrogen management strategy for winter wheat based on the UAV multispectral imagery and machine learning algorithm	6
Identification of pathogens in corn using near-infrared UAV imagery and deep learning	6
Aboveground wheat biomass estimation from a low-altitude UAV platform based on multimodal remote sensing data fusion with the introduction of terrain factors	6
The economic effects of unmanned aerial vehicles in pesticide application: evidence from Chinese grain farmers	6
Recalibrating plant water status of winter wheat based on nitrogen nutrition index using thermal images	6
Early/late fusion structures with optimized feature selection for weed detection using visible and thermal images of paddy fields	6
Red-green-blue to normalized difference vegetation index translation: a robust and inexpensive approach for vegetation monitoring using machine vision and generative adversarial networks	6
Multispectral images for monitoring the physiological parameters of coffee plants under different treatments against nematodes	6
Optimal vision-based guidance row locating for autonomous agricultural machines	6
A loss function to evaluate agricultural decision-making under uncertainty: a case study of soil spectroscopy	6
Imaging the electrical conductivity of the soil profile and its relationships to soil water patterns and drainage characteristics	6
Hybrid rice row detection at the pollination stage based on vanishing point and line-scanning method	6
Evaluating unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) imagery as an alternative tool towards cotton-based management zones	6
Monitoring leaf nitrogen content in rice based on information fusion of multi-sensor imagery from UAV	6
Soil-moisture-index spectrum reconstruction improves partial least squares regression of spectral analysis of soil organic carbon	6
Potential challenges to precision agriculture technologies development in Ghana: scientists’ and cocoa extension agents’ perspectives	6
Use of fluorescence indices as predictors of crop N status and yield for greenhouse sweet pepper crops	6
Scale-dependent geostatistical modelling of crop-soil relationships in view of Precision Agriculture	5
High-precision estimation of grass quality and quantity using UAS-based VNIR and SWIR hyperspectral cameras and machine learning	5
Machine learning as a tool to predict potassium concentration in soybean leaf using hyperspectral data	5
An ultra-lightweight efficient network for image-based plant disease and pest infection detection	5
Remote estimation of leaf water concentration in winter wheat under different nitrogen treatments and plant growth stages	5
A new spectral index for estimation of wheat canopy chlorophyll density: considering background interference and view zenith angle effect	5
Bayesian optimal dynamic sampling procedures for on-farm field experimentation	5
Segmentation and motion parameter estimation for robotic Medjoul-date thinning	5
Forecasting seasonal plot-specific crop coefficient (Kc) protocol for processing tomato using remote sensing, meteorology, and artificial intelligence	5
A novel approach for analysing environmental sustainability aspects of combine harvester through telematics data. Part I: evaluation and analysis of field tests	5
Dynamic delineation of management zones for site-specific nitrogen fertilization in a citrus orchard	5
Effect of training sample size, sampling design and prediction model on soil mapping with proximal sensing data for precision liming	5
Precisely forecasting population dynamics of agricultural pests based on an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system: case study for oriental fruit flies and the tobacco cutworms	5
Within-field yield stability and gross margin variations across corn fields and implications for precision conservation	5
Impact of soil types on sugarcane development monitored over time by remote sensing	5
Spectral characteristics of winter wheat varieties depending on the development degree of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis	5
Adaptively spatial feature fusion network: an improved UAV detection method for wheat scab	5
Influence of short-term surface temperature dynamics on tree orchards energy balance fluxes	4
A W-shaped convolutional network for robust crop and weed classification in agriculture	4
Characterization of portuguese sown rainfed grasslands using remote sensing and machine learning	4
Development of a method for detecting the planting and ridge areas in paddy fields using AI, GIS, and precise DEM	4
Spectral reflection and crop parameters: can the disentanglement of primary and secondary traits lead to more robust and extensible prediction models?	4
Canopy height and biomass prediction in Mombaça guinea grass pastures using satellite imagery and machine learning	4
Remote sensing inversion of soil organic matter by using the subregion method at the field scale	4
Biologically inspired robotic perception-action for soft fruit harvesting in vertical growing environments	4
The need for streamlining precision agriculture data in Africa	4
The effect of local samples in the accuracy of mid-infrared (MIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) -based spectral prediction models	4
An economic evaluation of site-specific input application Rx maps: evaluation framework and case study	4
Evaluation of rapeseed flowering dynamics for different genotypes with UAV platform and machine learning algorithm	4
Estimating canopy chlorophyll in slash pine using multitemporal vegetation indices from uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs)	4
WeedsNet: a dual attention network with RGB-D image for weed detection in natural wheat field	4
The economic performances of different trial designs in on-farm precision experimentation: a Monte Carlo evaluation	4
Spatiotemporally variable incident light, leaf photosynthesis, and yield across a greenhouse: fine-scale hemispherical photography and a photosynthesis model	4
The noise-reduction potential of Radar Vegetation Index for crop management in the Czech Republic	4
Implementing variable-rate herbicide applications based on soil physical properties in grain sorghum	4
Development of a smartphone-based peanut data logging system	4
Generalized data-driven optimal path planning framework for uniform coverage missions using crop spraying UAVs	4
Georeferenced tractor wheel slip data for prediction of spatial variability in soil physical properties	4
Spatial patterns of magnetic susceptibility optimized by anisotropic correction in different Alisols in southern Amazonas, Brazil	4