OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Democratization is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-11-01 to 2024-11-01.)

Article	Citations
Pernicious polarization, autocratization and opposition strategies	72
How democracies prevail: democratic resilience as a two-stage process	62
What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability	52
State of the world 2020: autocratization turns viral	52
Resilience of democracies: responses to illiberal and authoritarian challenges	49
The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence	47
Negative partisanship towards the populist radical right and democratic resilience in Western Europe	44
Use of past collective traumas, fear and conspiracy theories for securitization of the opposition and authoritarianisation: the Turkish case	41
Disrupting the autocratization sequence: towards democratic resilience	40
Democratic regression in Asia: introduction	38
Standing up against autocratization across political regimes: a comparative analysis of resistance actors and strategies	34
Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines	34
State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?	32
Democratic decoupling	30
Authoritarian resilience through securitization: an Islamist populist party’s co-optation of a secularist far-right party	30
Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong	28
The autocratic bias: self-censorship of regime support	23
Democratic Horizons: what value change reveals about the future of democracy	22
Towards a unified approach to research on democratic backsliding	21
Theorizing resilience-building in the EU’s neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	19
Patterns of democratic backsliding in third-wave democracies: a sequence analysis perspective	19
Unravelling democratic erosion: who drives the slow death of democracy, and how?	18
Dynamic dictators: improving the research agenda on autocratization and authoritarian resilience	18
State of the world 2022: defiance in the face of autocratization	17
Waves of autocratization and democratization: a rejoinder	16

Anatomy of a rigged election in a hybrid regime: the lessons from Bangladesh	16
Autocratization, permanent emergency rule and local politics: lessons from the Kurds in Turkey	15
Populism and the military: symbiosis and tension in Bolsonaro’s Brazil	15
The ground for the illiberal turn in the Philippines	13
Dismantling new democracies: the case of Tunisia	13
Conceptualizing norm diffusion and norm contestation in the European neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	13
Don’t think of a wave! A research note about the current autocratization debate	13
A business case for democracy: regime type, growth, and growth volatility	12
Voting and winning: perceptions of electoral integrity in consolidating democracies	12
Chinese linkage, leverage, and Cambodia’s transition to hegemonic authoritarianism	12
From democratization to fostering resilience: EU intervention and the challenges of building institutions, social trust, and legitimacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Russia and the diffusion of political norms: the perfect rival?	10
Elections, legitimacy, and compliance in authoritarian regimes: evidence from the Arab world	10
Volunteerism and democratic learning in an authoritarian state: the case of China	10
The supply and demand model of civic education: evidence from a field experiment in the Democratic Republic of Congo	10
Ideology and succession politics in Ethiopia: autocratic leadership turnover and political instability	9
Personalist ruling parties in democracies	9
Enfranchisement regimes beyond de-territorialization and post-nationalism: definitions, implications, and public support for different electorates	9
Pandemic democracy: the nexus of covid-19, shrinking civic space for civil society organizations and the 2020 elections in Ghana	8
Men of the people? Democracy and prebendalism in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic National Assembly	8
Biometrics and the disciplining of democracy: technology, electoral politics, and liberal interventionism in Chad	8
Opposition party organizational features, ideological orientations, and elite co-optation in electoral autocracies	8
Can the EU’s new global strategy make a difference? Strengthening resilience in the Eastern Partnership countries	8
Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia	8
The geography of autocracy. Regime preferences along the rural-urban divide in 32 countries	8
Contested, violated but persistent: presidential term limits in Latin America and sub-saharan Africa	8
Pressuring MPs to act: parliament, organized interests and policymaking in Uganda and Tanzania	7
Descriptive over-representation, cliental accountability, and minority politics: the case of the Druze in Israel	7
Institutional design and polarization. Do consensus democracies fare better in fighting polarization than majoritarian democracies?	7
Coming out of the liberal closet. Think tanks and de-democratization in Poland	7
Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism: evidence from local elections in South Africa	7
Defining democratic inclusion from the perspective of democracy and citizenship theory	7
Between elites and opposition: legislatures’ strength in authoritarian regimes	7
Preventing governance breakdown in the EU’s southern neighbourhood: fostering resilience to strengthen security perceptions	7
Who’s to blame for democratic backsliding: populists, presidents or dominant executives?	7
The geography of regime support and political violence	7
“The party of power”: authoritarian diaspora and pluralism by default in Ukraine	7
From conflict early warning to fostering resilience? Chasing convergence in EU foreign policy	6
The authoritarian practice of issuing internet shutdowns in India: the Bharatiya Janata Party’s direct and indirect responsibility	6
Dissatisfied, uninformed or both? Democratic satisfaction, political knowledge and the acceptance of clientelism in a new democracy	6
Introducing authoritarian diasporas: causes and consequences of authoritarian elite dispersion	6
The “Big Five” personality traits of presidents and the relaxation of term limits in Latin America	6
Online repression and tactical evasion: evidence from the 2020 Day of Anger protests in Egypt	6
The dictator’s screenplay: collective memory narratives and the legitimacy of communist rule in East Asia	6
Mechanisms of democratic authoritarianism: de-centring the executive in South Asia and beyond	6
Rethinking shrinking civic space in the Global Souths – how development donors contribute to the restriction of civil society in Jordan	5
The EU's effectiveness in the Eastern Mediterranean migration quandary: challenges to building societal resilience	5
Economic inequality, distributive unfairness, and regime support in East Asia	5
The modern manual of authoritarian leadership	5
Quo vadis, Moldova? The role of social and political elites in the norm internalization process	5

The democraticness of traditional political systems in Africa	5
Acceptance in principle, contestation in practice: EU norms and their discontents in Tunisia	5
Authoritarian origins of term limit trajectories in Africa	5
Above politics? Ex-military leaders in Nigerian electoral politics	5
How to struggle with exclusionary right-wing populism: evidence from Turkey	5
Who fakes support for the military? Experimental evidence from Tunisia	5
Tinkering with executive term limits: partisan imbalances and institutional legacies in Latin America	5
Protesting for autocracy: economic vulnerability and anti-democratic protest attendance in Tunisia	5
Political polarization in Korea	5
Resistance to populism	4
Resilience, conflict and areas of limited statehood in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria	4
Evaluating Europe's push to enact AI regulations: how will this influence global norms?	4
Protecting democracy from abroad: democracy aid against attempts to circumvent presidential term limits	4
Why is party-based autocracy more durable? Examining the role of elite institutions and mass organization	4
Securing the exception through securitization: Turkish modular emergency in the making	4
Transnational securitization and violence: the discursive mechanism behind the pro-AKP diaspora’s repression of the dissident diaspora groups in the West	4
Do electoral systems affect how citizens hold their government accountable? Evidence from Africa	4
Authoritarian experience and electoral success: the fate of authoritarian diasporans in Kenya	4
Gateway to dissent: the role of pro-Palestine activism in opposition to authoritarianism	4
Social media, disinformation, and democracy: how different types of social media usage affect democracy cross-nationally	4
Gender balance in national parliament: voters’ perceptions towards the gender corrective mechanism in Malta	4
Authoritarian legislature, legitimacy strategy, and shadow economy	4
Can domestic observers serve as impartial arbiters?: evidence from Zambia’s 2021 elections	4
Local-to-local electoral connections for migrants: the association between voting rights in the place of origin and the propensity to vote in the place of residence	4
Political reforms and the funding of parties in Japan: 1955–2020	4
Protests by journalists in competitive authoritarian regimes: repertoire and impact in the case of Ukraine (2010-14)	4
Sequences of presidential-term-Limit reforms: Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa	4
Who tolerates democratic backsliding? A mosaic approach to voters’ responses to authoritarian leadership in Hungary	4
The “inclusion-moderation” illusion: re-framing the Islamic movement inside Israel	3
State of the world 2023: democracy winning and losing at the ballot	3
Group organization, elections and urban political mobilization in the developing world	3
Does democracy fuel corruption in developing countries? Understanding Ghanaians’ perspectives	3
Stability through constraints: the impact of fiscal rules on autocratic survival	3
Death by a thousand cuts: measuring autocratic legalism in the European Union’s rule of law conundrum	3
Digital authoritarianism and the devolution of authoritarian rule: examining Syria’s patriotic hackers	3
Security as a campaign issue: programmatic mobilization in Burkina Faso’s 2020 elections	3
Non-violent resistance movements and substantive democracy	3
The return of silent elections: democracy, uncontested elections and citizen participation in Czechia	3
Autocracy's long reach: explaining host country influences on transnational repression	3
Influence of elite rotation on authoritarian resilience	3
Gender impartiality of public institutions, religiosity, and satisfaction with democracy: findings from Turkey	3
Casting a new light on the democratic spectator	3
Staying in control of technology: predictive policing, democracy, and digital sovereignty	3
Praising the leader: personalist legitimation strategies and the deterioration of executive constraints	3
Do contravention attempts affect public support for presidential term limits?: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa	3
Who defends democracy and why? Explaining the participation in the 2016–2017 candlelight protest in South Korea	3
Explaining judges’ opposition when judicial independence is undermined: insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary	3
Academic freedom and the onset of autocratization	3
COVID-19 and the “state of exception”: assessing institutional resilience in consolidated democracies – a comparative analysis of Italy and Portugal	3
Troublemakers and game changers: how political parties stopped democratic backsliding in Bulgaria	3
When incumbents do not run: presidential succession and democratization	3
Delegative democratic attitude and public opinion on human rights: empirical evidence from the Philippines	3