OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Democratization is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-05-01 to 2026-05-01.)

Article	Citations
Dictatorship and information: authoritarian regime resilience in communist Europe and China	97
The authoritarian international. Tracing how authoritarian regimes learn in the post-soviet space	75
The two genotypes of secession. Explaining non-nationalist independence claims in federal-authoritarian regimes	52
Power and progress: our thousand-year struggle over technology and prosperity	51
The European Parliament’s democracy promotion activities in the face of autocratization in South America: the cases of Bolivia and Venezuela	46
Shade-grown authoritarianism? Revisiting coffee as a curse in Latin America and the Caribbean	36
Are the upper chambers a source of democratic resilience? Evidence from elite perceptions in the Czech Republic	30
Sorry, we’re closed to your views: partisan media use, moral polarization, and declines in support for the open marketplace of ideas	30
Who tolerates democratic backsliding? A mosaic approach to voters’ responses to authoritarian leadership in Hungary	29
Political voice: protest, democracy, and marginalised groups	27
Democracy promotion in times of autocratization: a conceptual note	27
Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media	24
Election observation at a crossroads: perspectives from Africa Zed Books	24
Delegative democratic attitude and public opinion on human rights: empirical evidence from the Philippines	24
Formal power in informal networks. Distribution of power resources in personalized bureaucracies: the case of Russia’s subnational elites	23
The king’s speeches: environmental sustainability as a discursive legitimation project in autocracies. Evidence from Morocco.	22
The spirit of populism: sacred, charismatic, redemptive, and apocalyptic dimensions	20
Polarization, fragmentation, and democratic deconsolidation in interwar Europe	19
Casting a new light on the democratic spectator	19
Inching toward democratization? Comparing Cuba’s National Assembly elections, 2018 and 2023	18
Soldiers of democracy? Military legacies and the Arab Spring	17
Ideology and judicial independence: who undermines high courts in democracies?	16
Brilliant tragedy? Electoral effects of environmental protest cycle in autocracy	16
Legislating Islam: Islamists’ and Salafis’ Distinct paths of moderation in the Kuwaiti parliament	15
Ramping up control: how judicial harassment and online smear campaigns work in tandem to limit dissent in Thailand	15

Local power play: the post-election repression and local governance	15
A tale of two cities: spillover effects of electoral shocks in non-democratic regimes	15
What is a “regime”? Three definitions and their implications for the future of regime studies	14
Radical movement-parties, political change and the epistemology of elections: evidence from Lebanon	13
Transnational repression in the age of globalization	13
Patterns of incumbents’ repression during autocratization	13
Shock to the system: Coups, elections, and war on the road to democratization	13
Looking beyond democratic backsliding: analysing the political economy context of Turkey’s regime trajectory through a mode of participation approach	12
Routledge handbook of EU-Middle East relations	11
When elites concede: state capacity and the management of protest in Mexico	11
Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism: Democratic Design and the Separation of Powers	11
Dark politics	11
Wealth, power, and authoritarian institutions: comparing dominant parties and parliaments in Tanzania and Uganda	11
Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia. From secessionist mobilization to conflict resolution	10
Tanzania under Magufuli: the personalization of a party-based regime	10
Not Islamists, Muslim democrats: Tunisian Ennahda ’s path of ideological moderation (2011–2018)	10
Geopolitics and democracy: the Western liberal order from foundation to fracture	10
“Politics unusual”? Bobi Wine, People Power, and the ideology of popular opposition in Uganda	10
When autocratization is reversed: episodes of U-Turns since 1900	10
How movement parties contest democratic backsliding: evidence from Hungary and Romania	10
Mnemonic politics among Philippine voters: a social media measurement approach	10
A people power philosophy: republican ideology in opposition in Tanzania	10
Gaming democracy: how Silicon Valley leveled up the far right	10
On motives and means: how approach and justification for court-curbing impact public trust	9
The government of chance. sortition and democracy from Athens to the present	9
The Druze vote in Israel: between ideology, socioeconomic status, kinship, and the Nation-State Basic Law	9
Public broadcasting and democracy’s defense: responses to far-right parties in Germany and Sweden	9
Social polarization and electoral incentives for Islamist de-moderation: evidence from Turkish parliamentary debates	9
Elites and democracy	9
Fading freedoms: democratic decline in Albania	9
How security shaped Libya’s transition	9
Academic freedom and the onset of autocratization	9
The effect of electoral politics on the distribution of public spending in the context of democratic transition: evidence from Tunisia	8
The COVID-19 pandemic and popular confidence in democracy: evidence from China, Japan, and South Korea	8
Explaining judges’ opposition when judicial independence is undermined: insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary	8
Democratic commitment: Why citizens tolerate democratic backsliding	8
Democratization, state capacity and developmental correlates of international artificial intelligence trade	8
Where do social media and education meet? A closer look at understanding of democracy	8
Job insecurity, economic resources, and democratic backsliding: evidence from South Korea	8
Reexamining confucianism and democratic support: a guardianship perspective	8
Political plasticity: the future of democracy and dictatorship	8
From resistance to resilience: identifying short and long-term successes in the struggle against autocratization	8
Who’s to blame for democratic backsliding: populists, presidents or dominant executives?	8
Alternative patterns to electoral autocracy: recognizing diversity in contemporary autocratization processes	8
Christian nationalism and democracy in Ghana	8
Revolution and dictatorship. The violent origins of durable authoritarianism	8
The geography of autocracy. Regime preferences along the rural-urban divide in 32 countries	7
Populism and civil–military relations	7
Hailing the State: Indian Democracy Between Elections	7
Explaining the failure of legislative agency in patronal divided executives: deputy meaning making and its impact on legislative quality in Kyrgyzstan 2010–2020	7

Information, doubt, and democracy: how digitization spurs democratic decay	7
Enchanted Revolution: Ghosts, Shamans, and Gender Politics in Chinese Communist Propaganda, 1942–1953	7
Coups, rivals, and the modern state: why rural coalitions matter in sub-Saharan Africa Coups, rivals, and the modern state: why rural coalitions matter in sub-Saharan Africa	7
China's democratic experiments during its economic takeoff	7
Civil society’s democratic potential	7
Electoral Reform and Democracy in Malaysia	7
Democracy rules	6
The political economy of digital authoritarianism: evidence from the Iranian regime’s implementation of technology	6
Public attitudes toward external democracy promotion in Africa	6
Authoritarian collaboration and repression in the digital age: balancing foreign direct investment and control in internet infrastructure	6
The mechanisms of personalization	6
Democratic resilience in Europe – and its limits	6
Evaluating Europe's push to enact AI regulations: how will this influence global norms?	6
Trust under threat: challenges in a digital society	6
On the effectiveness of democracy aid in post-civil war recipient countries	5
Declining Democracy in East-Central Europe: The Divide in the EU and Emerging Hard Populism; Awakening Europe in the Triple Global Crisis: The Birth Pangs of the Emerging Europe	5
Patterns of democratic backsliding in third-wave democracies: a sequence analysis perspective	5
What do you call the political upheaval? The conceptual linkage between revolutions and coups	5
Individual or collective rights? Consequences for the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples in Latin America	5
Activism in the era of democratic backsliding: explaining the efficacy of the clean-air campaigns in Poland	5
State of the world 2022: defiance in the face of autocratization	5
The conflict within: the politics of parliamentary election management in Iran	5
Stalker states: Are democracies more likely to snoop on citizens’ data on Facebook?	5
Mobilizing in Uncertainty: Collective Identities and War in Abkhazia	5
Electoral integrity resilience: protecting elections during global risks, crises, and emergencies	5
The Authoritarian Divide: populism, propaganda, and polarization	5
Changing the rules to win the game again: does presidential term-limit evasion affect measures of electoral integrity?	5
Competing demand-side explanations and populism: cross-national variation in a recursive ideational system	5
Police preparedness at the polls: Kenya’s 2022 general election	5
Transnational securitization and violence: the discursive mechanism behind the pro-AKP diaspora’s repression of the dissident diaspora groups in the West	5
Political polarization in Korea	5
Proportional representation and party fragmentation in electoral autocracies	4
What is democratic resilience?	4
Quietist Salafism and survival: pious politics in Morocco and Algeria	4
Weak party system institutionalization and autocratization: evidence from Tunisia	4
The longer the worse? The case of populism, anti-pluralism, and constitutional compliance	4
Challenging the rules of the game: clientelism and dissent in the Middle East	4
Blood gambit: how autocratizing populists fuel ethnic conflict to reverse election setbacks – evidence from Turkey and Israel	4
Militarized elections and citizens’ support for democratic rights: evidence from India	4
Demographic structure and voting behaviour during democratization: evidence from Malaysia’s 2022 election	4
German political foundations’ democracy promotion in autocratizing Tanzania: opening spaces for civil society support and transnational learning	4
Measuring and assessing subnational electoral democracy: a new dataset for the Americas and India	4
International democracy promotion across two waves: from support to protection	4
Power and politics in Africa: a boundary generator	4
Facing protests in Serbia: patterns of new competitive authoritarianism	4
Is community service an act of political resistance? the “community pantry” phenomenon in the Philippines and voter behaviour	4
Sociology of corruption: patterns of illegal association in Hungary	4
Gender-based transnational repression and the Iranian diaspora	4
Protesting for autocracy: economic vulnerability and anti-democratic protest attendance in Tunisia	4
Do mutually reinforcing cleavages harm democracy? Inequalities between ethnic groups and autocratization	4
From predicting dissent to programming power; analyzing AI-driven authoritarian governance in the Middle East through TRIAD framework	4
Why do autocracies enfranchise their citizens abroad? A large-N event history analysis, 1990–2010	4
Waiting for Dignity: Legitimacy and Authority in Afghanistan	4
Techno-authoritarian imaginaries and the politics of resistance against facial recognition technology in the US and European Union*	4
From Bonn to third-wave democracies: transnational diffusion of the constructive vote of no-confidence	4
Gender ideology and political participation: evidence from Mongolia as a third-wave democracy	4
Pastoral power, clerical state. Pentecostalism, gender, and sexuality in Nigeria Pastoral power, clerical state. Pentecostalism, gender, and sexuality in Nigeria , by Eb	4
Strategic responses to autocratization in international democracy promotion	4
Legalizing control: the rise of restrictive internet regulation in sub-Saharan Africa	4
Lobbying the autocrat: the dynamics of policy advocacy in nondemocracies	4
Coming out of the liberal closet. Think tanks and de-democratization in Poland	4
Malaysia’s democratic deficit: why youth may not be the answer	4
Elite strategy in resilient authoritarianism: Equatorial Guinea, 1979–2023	4
The personalization of government: concept and comparative analysis	4
Updated data and new insight: a new version of WTH’s authoritarian regime type dataset	4
Ideological beasts or effective organizations? Do voters’ views of democracy affect their expectations of political parties?	4
What does the population in Niger think about a military government?	4