Democratization

Article	Citations
Democratic regression in comparative perspective: scope, methods, and causes	91
State of the world 2019: autocratization surges – resistance grows	68
Pernicious polarization, autocratization and opposition strategies	50
How democracies prevail: democratic resilience as a two-stage process	47
United we stand, divided we rule: how political polarization erodes democracy	43
Antidemocratic populism in power: comparing Erdoğan’s Turkey with Modi’s India and Netanyahu’s Israel	41
What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability	40
Use of past collective traumas, fear and conspiracy theories for securitization of the opposition and authoritarianisation: the Turkish case	39
Authoritarian Innovations: Crafting support for a less democratic Southeast Asia	38
State of the world 2020: autocratization turns viral	37
The rise of the democracy – authoritarianism cleavage and opposition coordination in Turkey (2014–2019)	35
Democratic regression in Asia: introduction	35
Negative partisanship towards the populist radical right and democratic resilience in Western Europe	34
Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials	34
Mobile emergency rule in Turkey: legal repression of protests during authoritarian transformation	33
Resilience of democracies: responses to illiberal and authoritarian challenges	30
Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement	29
Erosion or decay? Conceptualizing causes and mechanisms of democratic regression	29
The dark side of regionalism: how regional organizations help authoritarian regimes to boost survival	28
Disrupting the autocratization sequence: towards democratic resilience	28
Authoritarian resilience through securitization: an Islamist populist party’s co-optation of a secularist far-right party	28
Democratic decoupling	27
Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines	27
Democracy and human development: issues of conceptualization and measurement	26
The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence	26

A typology of populism: understanding the different forms of populism and their implications	25
State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?	23
Standing up against autocratization across political regimes: a comparative analysis of resistance actors and strategies	21
Pushback after backsliding? Unconstrained executive aggrandizement in the Philippines versus contested military-monarchical rule in Thailand	21
Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong	20
The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh	20
Again, making Tanzania great: Magufuli’s restorationist developmental nationalism	19
Theorizing resilience-building in the EU’s neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	19
The autocratic bias: self-censorship of regime support	19
Towards a unified approach to research on democratic backsliding	18
Authoritarian innovations: theoretical foundations and practical implications	16
Democratic Horizons: what value change reveals about the future of democracy	16
Authoritarian legal harmonization in the post-Soviet space	16
Democratic backsliding, regional governance and foreign policymaking in Southeast Asia: ASEAN, Indonesia and the Philippines	14
Autocratization, permanent emergency rule and local politics: lessons from the Kurds in Turkey	13
Dynamic dictators: improving the research agenda on autocratization and authoritarian resilience	13
Waves of autocratization and democratization: a rejoinder	13
Unravelling democratic erosion: who drives the slow death of democracy, and how?	12
Anatomy of a rigged election in a hybrid regime: the lessons from Bangladesh	12
State of the world 2022: defiance in the face of autocratization	11
“New normal” no more: democratic backsliding in Singapore after 2015	11
Populism and the military: symbiosis and tension in Bolsonaro’s Brazil	11
Patterns of democratic backsliding in third-wave democracies: a sequence analysis perspective	11
Autocracy login: internet censorship and civil society in the digital age	11
Authoritarian diffusion or cooperation? Turkey’s emerging engagement with China	11
Amending legislatures in authoritarian regimes: power sharing in post-Soviet Eurasia	10
The ground for the illiberal turn in the Philippines	10
A business case for democracy: regime type, growth, and growth volatility	10
Contentious activism and political trust in non-democratic regimes: evidence from the MENA	9
Conceptualizing norm diffusion and norm contestation in the European neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	9
Don’t think of a wave! A research note about the current autocratization debate	9
Dismantling new democracies: the case of Tunisia	8
Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan	8
Biometrics and the disciplining of democracy: technology, electoral politics, and liberal interventionism in Chad	8
Volunteerism and democratic learning in an authoritarian state: the case of China	8
The supply and demand model of civic education: evidence from a field experiment in the Democratic Republic of Congo	8
Contested, violated but persistent: presidential term limits in Latin America and sub-saharan Africa	8
Chinese linkage, leverage, and Cambodia’s transition to hegemonic authoritarianism	8
Digital learning and extending electoral authoritarianism in Singapore	8
Russia and the diffusion of political norms: the perfect rival?	8
Voting and winning: perceptions of electoral integrity in consolidating democracies	7
Elections, legitimacy, and compliance in authoritarian regimes: evidence from the Arab world	7
Populism and localism: a new research agenda	7
Cross-ideological coalitions under authoritarian regimes: Islamist-left collaboration among Morocco’s excluded opposition	7
From democratization to fostering resilience: EU intervention and the challenges of building institutions, social trust, and legitimacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina	7
Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia	7
Inclusionary regimes, party institutionalization and redistribution under authoritarianism	7
Can the EU’s new global strategy make a difference? Strengthening resilience in the Eastern Partnership countries	7
Dissatisfied, uninformed or both? Democratic satisfaction, political knowledge and the acceptance of clientelism in a new democracy	6
Enfranchisement regimes beyond de-territorialization and post-nationalism: definitions, implications, and public support for different electorates	6

Men of the people? Democracy and prebendalism in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic National Assembly	6
Between elites and opposition: legislatures’ strength in authoritarian regimes	6
Pressuring MPs to act: parliament, organized interests and policymaking in Uganda and Tanzania	6
Descriptive over-representation, cliental accountability, and minority politics: the case of the Druze in Israel	6
What motivates a legislator to sponsor a bill that will never become law? The case of members of the Chilean Chamber of Deputies, 1990–2014	6
The dictator’s screenplay: collective memory narratives and the legitimacy of communist rule in East Asia	6
“The party of power”: authoritarian diaspora and pluralism by default in Ukraine	6
The geography of regime support and political violence	6
Why the confusion? Reasons and remedies for shortcomings and progress in modernization theory	6
Youth quotas and “Jurassic Park” politicians: age as a heuristic for vote choice in Tunisia’s new democracy	6
Renegotiating societal-military relations in Pakistan: the case of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement	6
Ideology and succession politics in Ethiopia: autocratic leadership turnover and political instability	6
Opposition party organizational features, ideological orientations, and elite co-optation in electoral autocracies	6
Pandemic democracy: the nexus of covid-19, shrinking civic space for civil society organizations and the 2020 elections in Ghana	5
Defining democratic inclusion from the perspective of democracy and citizenship theory	5
The “Big Five” personality traits of presidents and the relaxation of term limits in Latin America	5
Preventing governance breakdown in the EU’s southern neighbourhood: fostering resilience to strengthen security perceptions	5
The democraticness of traditional political systems in Africa	5
Coming out of the liberal closet. Think tanks and de-democratization in Poland	5
Authoritarian origins of term limit trajectories in Africa	5
The geography of autocracy. Regime preferences along the rural-urban divide in 32 countries	5
Early democratization, corruption scandals and perceptions of corruption: evidence from Mexico	5
Personalist ruling parties in democracies	5
A heterogeneous rally effect for a corrupt president: partisanship, regional sentiment, and anxiety against a corruption scandal	4
Learning democracy digitally? The internet and knowledge of democracy in nondemocracies	4
From conflict early warning to fostering resilience? Chasing convergence in EU foreign policy	4
Local-to-local electoral connections for migrants: the association between voting rights in the place of origin and the propensity to vote in the place of residence	4
Institutional design and polarization. Do consensus democracies fare better in fighting polarization than majoritarian democracies?	4
Above politics? Ex-military leaders in Nigerian electoral politics	4
Who fakes support for the military? Experimental evidence from Tunisia	4
Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism: evidence from local elections in South Africa	4
Securing the exception through securitization: Turkish modular emergency in the making	4
Resistance to populism	4
Do electoral systems affect how citizens hold their government accountable? Evidence from Africa	4
Coming a long way: Switzerland’s transformation from a majoritarian to a consensus democracy (1848–2018)	4
Rebuilding, rebranding, and competitive landscapes: a set-theoretic analysis of authoritarian successor parties	4
Supporting the Tunisian transition? Analysing (in)consistencies in EU democracy assistance with a tripartite nexus model	4
Who’s to blame for democratic backsliding: populists, presidents or dominant executives?	4
Introducing authoritarian diasporas: causes and consequences of authoritarian elite dispersion	4
The authoritarian practice of issuing internet shutdowns in India: the Bharatiya Janata Party’s direct and indirect responsibility	4
Are would-be authoritarians right? Democratic support and citizens’ left-right self-placement in former left- and right- authoritarian countries	4
Resilience, conflict and areas of limited statehood in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria	4
Citizen endorsement of contested peace settlements: public opinion in post-Dayton Bosnia	4
Authoritarian diasporas in Indonesia and the Philippines: comparative perspectives on elite survival and defection	3
Rethinking shrinking civic space in the Global Souths – how development donors contribute to the restriction of civil society in Jordan	3
Why is party-based autocracy more durable? Examining the role of elite institutions and mass organization	3
Acceptance in principle, contestation in practice: EU norms and their discontents in Tunisia	3
Tinkering with executive term limits: partisan imbalances and institutional legacies in Latin America	3
Mechanisms of democratic authoritarianism: de-centring the executive in South Asia and beyond	3
Political polarization in Korea	3
Authoritarian experience and electoral success: the fate of authoritarian diasporans in Kenya	3
How to struggle with exclusionary right-wing populism: evidence from Turkey	3
Group organization, elections and urban political mobilization in the developing world	3
Sequences of presidential-term-Limit reforms: Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa	3
Why is welfare provision unpopular in China?	3
Delegative democratic attitude and public opinion on human rights: empirical evidence from the Philippines	3
Quo vadis, Moldova? The role of social and political elites in the norm internalization process	3
Gender balance in national parliament: voters’ perceptions towards the gender corrective mechanism in Malta	3
Do contravention attempts affect public support for presidential term limits?: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa	3
Political reforms and the funding of parties in Japan: 1955–2020	3
Coups and the consolidation mirage: lessons for stability in new democracies	3
Gender impartiality of public institutions, religiosity, and satisfaction with democracy: findings from Turkey	3
Protesting for autocracy: economic vulnerability and anti-democratic protest attendance in Tunisia	3
Protecting democracy from abroad: democracy aid against attempts to circumvent presidential term limits	3
When incumbents do not run: presidential succession and democratization	3
Foreign direct investment and democratic survival: a sectoral approach	2
Praising the leader: personalist legitimation strategies and the deterioration of executive constraints	2
Power consolidation with welfare designs? The emergence of old-age pensions in nondemocratic regimes around the world	2
Who defends democracy and why? Explaining the participation in the 2016–2017 candlelight protest in South Korea	2
A model no more? Debating Turkish influence in the southern neighbourhood	2
Gateway to dissent: the role of pro-Palestine activism in opposition to authoritarianism	2
The EU's effectiveness in the Eastern Mediterranean migration quandary: challenges to building societal resilience	2
It takes two to toyi-toyi : one party dominance and opposition party failure in South Africa’s 2019 national election	2
Online repression and tactical evasion: evidence from the 2020 Day of Anger protests in Egypt	2
Voice or exit? Political corruption and voting intentions in Hungary	2
Economic inequality, distributive unfairness, and regime support in East Asia	2
The road to equality? EU diffusion of anti-discrimination norms in Armenia	2
Digital authoritarianism and the devolution of authoritarian rule: examining Syria’s patriotic hackers	2
When reorganizing coercion backfires: explaining the mechanisms of revolt in Sudan and Algeria	2
Who tolerates democratic backsliding? A mosaic approach to voters’ responses to authoritarian leadership in Hungary	2

The “inclusion-moderation” illusion: re-framing the Islamic movement inside Israel	2
Can democratic values bring the parties to the table in a protracted, Middle Eastern conflict? The attitudes of youth in the context of the Arab- Israeli conflict	2
Selective assertiveness and strategic deference: explaining judicial contestation of military prerogatives in Pakistan	2
The network origin of Thailand’s youth movement	2
COVID-19 and the “state of exception”: assessing institutional resilience in consolidated democracies – a comparative analysis of Italy and Portugal	2
Can democracy aid improve democracy? The European Union’s democracy assistance 2002–2018	2
Stability through constraints: the impact of fiscal rules on autocratic survival	2
The biopolitical president?: Sovereign power and democratic erosion in El Salvador	2
The modern manual of authoritarian leadership	2
Staying in control of technology: predictive policing, democracy, and digital sovereignty	2
Security as a campaign issue: programmatic mobilization in Burkina Faso’s 2020 elections	2
Party strength and party weakness in transitional elections: Myanmar’s National League for Democracy in 2015	2
Institutional constraints and regional incentives for the attempt to scrap presidential term limits	2
Illiberal resistance to democratic backsliding: the case of radical political Islam in Indonesia	2
Measuring and assessing subnational electoral democracy: a new dataset for the Americas and India	2
Public broadcasting and democracy’s defense: responses to far-right parties in Germany and Sweden	2
Anticipating global and diffuse risks to prevent conflict and governance breakdown: lessons from the EU’s southern neighbourhood	2
Can domestic observers serve as impartial arbiters?: evidence from Zambia’s 2021 elections	2
When handpicked successors of charismatic leaders prosper: the surprising success of Juan Manuel Santos in Colombia	2
Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media	1
Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits: “should I stay or should I go?”	1
The machinery of #techno-colonialism crafting “democracy.” A glimpse into digital sub-netizenship in Mexico	1
The provocative effects of democratization: assessing the relationship between the regime transition in Armenia and the escalation of the Karabakh conflict in 2018–2020	1
The good, the bad and the ugly: linking democratic values and participation in the Czech Republic	1
Hollowed or redefined? Changing visions of democracy in the political discourse of Law and Justice	1
Mayoral elections and partisan dynamics in Africa’s local governments	1
Does democracy fuel corruption in developing countries? Understanding Ghanaians’ perspectives	1
Can democracy safeguard the future? Can democracy safeguard the future? by Graham Smith, Cambridge and Medford, Polity Press, 2021, pp. 160, $18.21 (Hardcover); $11.01 (	1
Religion, foreign policy and populism in Turkish politics: introducing a new framework	1
Securitization, fear politics, and the formation of an opposition alliance in competitive authoritarian regimes	1
How opposition parties unite in competitive authoritarian regimes: the role of an intermediary party	1
Did the Arab Spring generate affective polarization? Experimental evidence from five Arab countries	1
Agrarian agitations: transcripts of resistance and authoritarian feedback under Vietnam’s repressive-responsive regime	1
The road to durable democracy: dominant party regimes, party politics and democratic survival	1
Militant democracy and successors to authoritarian ruling parties in post-1945 West Germany and Italy	1
State-sponsored trade unions after democratic transitions	1
Questioning the moderation dichotomy: understanding Hamas’s evolving moderation	1
Evaluating Europe's push to enact AI regulations: how will this influence global norms?	1
Political trust and democracy: the critical citizens thesis re-examined	1
Why do some coups lead to democratization?	1
Four ways to avoid centripetal effects. How political actors escape institutional incentives in divided societies	1
Autocracy's long reach: explaining host country influences on transnational repression	1
What’s in a name? Experimental evidence of the coup taboo	1
Influence of elite rotation on authoritarian resilience	1
After Repression: How Polarization Derails Democratic Transition	1
Academic freedom and the onset of autocratization	1
Movement-voting nexus in hybrid regimes: voter mobilization in Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Bill Movement	1
Cooptation without opposition: government response in the authoritarian legislature in China	1
Corruption and digital authoritarianism: political drivers of e-government adoption in Central Asia	1
The return of silent elections: democracy, uncontested elections and citizen participation in Czechia	1
Casting a new light on the democratic spectator	1
Coups, rivals, and the modern state: why rural coalitions matter in sub-Saharan Africa	1
Re-examining norms-diffusion: the EU, democracy and rival powers	1
“Reconstituted authoritarianism: Islam, service provision and the state in al-Sisi’s Egypt”	1
Troublemakers and game changers: how political parties stopped democratic backsliding in Bulgaria	1
Protests by journalists in competitive authoritarian regimes: repertoire and impact in the case of Ukraine (2010-14)	1
Transnational securitization and violence: the discursive mechanism behind the pro-AKP diaspora’s repression of the dissident diaspora groups in the West	1
Authoritarian legislature, legitimacy strategy, and shadow economy	1
The reciprocal impact of electoral turnout on protest participation in developing countries: evidence from Iran’s 2018 uprising	1
Political trust and attitudes toward civil disobedience: evidence from Taiwan	1
Individual or collective rights? Consequences for the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples in Latin America	1
A poisonous cocktail: ethnic quotas, liberal voting rights and the democracy problem	1
How populists engage religion: mechanisms and evidence from the Philippines	1
How electoral competition shapes local public goods provision in South Africa	1
Branching out: Consequences of the dispersion of authoritarian elites across state and government in Latin America	1
A people power philosophy: republican ideology in opposition in Tanzania	1
Is community service an act of political resistance? the “community pantry” phenomenon in the Philippines and voter behaviour	1
An unexpected consensus among diverse ways to measure democracy	1
Death by a thousand cuts: measuring autocratic legalism in the European Union’s rule of law conundrum	1
Lockdown of expression: civic space restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic as a response to mass protests	1
Do institutions matter in a crisis? Regime type and decisive responses to Covid-19	0
Politicizing gender and democracy in the context of the Istanbul Convention	0
Asian Military Evolutions. Civil–Military Relations in Asia Asian Military Evolutions. Civil–Military Relations in Asia , by Alan Chong and Nicole Jenne, Bristol Univers	0
Communicative responsiveness in the Mexican Senate: a field experiment	0
Endgames: military responses to protests in Arab Autocracies	0
Militant democracy and its critics: populism, parties, extremism	0
The absent dialogue: politicians, bureaucrats, and the military in India	0
Dictatorship and information: authoritarian regime resilience in communist Europe and China	0
After the Arab revolution: decentring democratic transition theory	0
What do you call the political upheaval? The conceptual linkage between revolutions and coups	0
How modernization theory has stumbled in China: A political interception perspective	0
Crisis in autocratic regimes	0
Building participatory institutions in Latin America: reform coalitions and institutional change	0
The Politics of Institutional Weakness in Latin America	0
Democracy erodes from the top: Leaders, citizens, and the challenge of populism in Europe	0
Electoral politics in Africa since 1990: continuity in change	0
Expertise, policy-making and democracy Expertise, policy-making and democracy , by Johan Christensen, Cathrine Holst and Anders Molander, Routledge, London, UK, 2022, 13	0
Bias in the eye of beholder? 25 years of election monitoring in Europe	0
The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011	0
Riding the Populist Wave: Europe’s Mainstream Right in Crisis	0
Elite response to protest in authoritarian settings: evidence from Russia	0
Latin American social movements and progressive governments: creative tensions between resistance and convergence Latin American social movements and progressive governments: creative t	0
Election meltdown: dirty tricks, distrust, and the threat to American democracy	0
Authoritarian police in democracy: contested security in Latin America	0
Democratization in Christian Orthodox Europe: comparing Greece, Serbia and Russia	0