Democratization

Article	Citations
Pernicious polarization, autocratization and opposition strategies	72
How democracies prevail: democratic resilience as a two-stage process	62
What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability	52
State of the world 2020: autocratization turns viral	52
Resilience of democracies: responses to illiberal and authoritarian challenges	49
The relationship between affective polarization and democratic backsliding: comparative evidence	47
Negative partisanship towards the populist radical right and democratic resilience in Western Europe	44
Use of past collective traumas, fear and conspiracy theories for securitization of the opposition and authoritarianisation: the Turkish case	41
Disrupting the autocratization sequence: towards democratic resilience	40
Democratic regression in Asia: introduction	38
Elite capture, civil society and democratic backsliding in Bangladesh, Thailand and the Philippines	34
Standing up against autocratization across political regimes: a comparative analysis of resistance actors and strategies	34
State of the world 2021: autocratization changing its nature?	32
Authoritarian resilience through securitization: an Islamist populist party’s co-optation of a secularist far-right party	30
Democratic decoupling	30
Exporting autocracy: how China's extra-jurisdictional autocratic influence caused democratic backsliding in Hong Kong	28
The autocratic bias: self-censorship of regime support	23
Democratic Horizons: what value change reveals about the future of democracy	22
Towards a unified approach to research on democratic backsliding	21
Patterns of democratic backsliding in third-wave democracies: a sequence analysis perspective	19
Theorizing resilience-building in the EU’s neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	19
Unravelling democratic erosion: who drives the slow death of democracy, and how?	18
Dynamic dictators: improving the research agenda on autocratization and authoritarian resilience	18
State of the world 2022: defiance in the face of autocratization	17
Waves of autocratization and democratization: a rejoinder	16

Anatomy of a rigged election in a hybrid regime: the lessons from Bangladesh	16
Populism and the military: symbiosis and tension in Bolsonaro’s Brazil	15
Autocratization, permanent emergency rule and local politics: lessons from the Kurds in Turkey	15
Conceptualizing norm diffusion and norm contestation in the European neighbourhood: introduction to the special issue	13
Don’t think of a wave! A research note about the current autocratization debate	13
The ground for the illiberal turn in the Philippines	13
Dismantling new democracies: the case of Tunisia	13
Chinese linkage, leverage, and Cambodia’s transition to hegemonic authoritarianism	12
A business case for democracy: regime type, growth, and growth volatility	12
Voting and winning: perceptions of electoral integrity in consolidating democracies	12
Volunteerism and democratic learning in an authoritarian state: the case of China	10
The supply and demand model of civic education: evidence from a field experiment in the Democratic Republic of Congo	10
From democratization to fostering resilience: EU intervention and the challenges of building institutions, social trust, and legitimacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Russia and the diffusion of political norms: the perfect rival?	10
Elections, legitimacy, and compliance in authoritarian regimes: evidence from the Arab world	10
Enfranchisement regimes beyond de-territorialization and post-nationalism: definitions, implications, and public support for different electorates	9
Ideology and succession politics in Ethiopia: autocratic leadership turnover and political instability	9
Personalist ruling parties in democracies	9
The geography of autocracy. Regime preferences along the rural-urban divide in 32 countries	8
Contested, violated but persistent: presidential term limits in Latin America and sub-saharan Africa	8
Pandemic democracy: the nexus of covid-19, shrinking civic space for civil society organizations and the 2020 elections in Ghana	8
Men of the people? Democracy and prebendalism in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic National Assembly	8
Biometrics and the disciplining of democracy: technology, electoral politics, and liberal interventionism in Chad	8
Opposition party organizational features, ideological orientations, and elite co-optation in electoral autocracies	8
Can the EU’s new global strategy make a difference? Strengthening resilience in the Eastern Partnership countries	8
Agents of resistance and revival? Local election monitors and democratic fortunes in Asia	8
Electoral competition, political parties and clientelism: evidence from local elections in South Africa	7
Defining democratic inclusion from the perspective of democracy and citizenship theory	7
Between elites and opposition: legislatures’ strength in authoritarian regimes	7
Preventing governance breakdown in the EU’s southern neighbourhood: fostering resilience to strengthen security perceptions	7
Who’s to blame for democratic backsliding: populists, presidents or dominant executives?	7
The geography of regime support and political violence	7
“The party of power”: authoritarian diaspora and pluralism by default in Ukraine	7
Pressuring MPs to act: parliament, organized interests and policymaking in Uganda and Tanzania	7
Descriptive over-representation, cliental accountability, and minority politics: the case of the Druze in Israel	7
Institutional design and polarization. Do consensus democracies fare better in fighting polarization than majoritarian democracies?	7
Coming out of the liberal closet. Think tanks and de-democratization in Poland	7
Online repression and tactical evasion: evidence from the 2020 Day of Anger protests in Egypt	6
The dictator’s screenplay: collective memory narratives and the legitimacy of communist rule in East Asia	6
Mechanisms of democratic authoritarianism: de-centring the executive in South Asia and beyond	6
From conflict early warning to fostering resilience? Chasing convergence in EU foreign policy	6
The authoritarian practice of issuing internet shutdowns in India: the Bharatiya Janata Party’s direct and indirect responsibility	6
Dissatisfied, uninformed or both? Democratic satisfaction, political knowledge and the acceptance of clientelism in a new democracy	6
Introducing authoritarian diasporas: causes and consequences of authoritarian elite dispersion	6
The “Big Five” personality traits of presidents and the relaxation of term limits in Latin America	6
How to struggle with exclusionary right-wing populism: evidence from Turkey	5
Who fakes support for the military? Experimental evidence from Tunisia	5
Tinkering with executive term limits: partisan imbalances and institutional legacies in Latin America	5
Protesting for autocracy: economic vulnerability and anti-democratic protest attendance in Tunisia	5
Political polarization in Korea	5

Rethinking shrinking civic space in the Global Souths – how development donors contribute to the restriction of civil society in Jordan	5
The EU's effectiveness in the Eastern Mediterranean migration quandary: challenges to building societal resilience	5
Economic inequality, distributive unfairness, and regime support in East Asia	5
The modern manual of authoritarian leadership	5
Quo vadis, Moldova? The role of social and political elites in the norm internalization process	5
The democraticness of traditional political systems in Africa	5
Acceptance in principle, contestation in practice: EU norms and their discontents in Tunisia	5
Authoritarian origins of term limit trajectories in Africa	5
Above politics? Ex-military leaders in Nigerian electoral politics	5
Gateway to dissent: the role of pro-Palestine activism in opposition to authoritarianism	4
Gender balance in national parliament: voters’ perceptions towards the gender corrective mechanism in Malta	4
Social media, disinformation, and democracy: how different types of social media usage affect democracy cross-nationally	4
Authoritarian legislature, legitimacy strategy, and shadow economy	4
Can domestic observers serve as impartial arbiters?: evidence from Zambia’s 2021 elections	4
Local-to-local electoral connections for migrants: the association between voting rights in the place of origin and the propensity to vote in the place of residence	4
Political reforms and the funding of parties in Japan: 1955–2020	4
Who tolerates democratic backsliding? A mosaic approach to voters’ responses to authoritarian leadership in Hungary	4
Protests by journalists in competitive authoritarian regimes: repertoire and impact in the case of Ukraine (2010-14)	4
Sequences of presidential-term-Limit reforms: Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa	4
Resistance to populism	4
Resilience, conflict and areas of limited statehood in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria	4
Protecting democracy from abroad: democracy aid against attempts to circumvent presidential term limits	4
Evaluating Europe's push to enact AI regulations: how will this influence global norms?	4
Transnational securitization and violence: the discursive mechanism behind the pro-AKP diaspora’s repression of the dissident diaspora groups in the West	4
Why is party-based autocracy more durable? Examining the role of elite institutions and mass organization	4
Securing the exception through securitization: Turkish modular emergency in the making	4
Do electoral systems affect how citizens hold their government accountable? Evidence from Africa	4
Authoritarian experience and electoral success: the fate of authoritarian diasporans in Kenya	4
Staying in control of technology: predictive policing, democracy, and digital sovereignty	3
Praising the leader: personalist legitimation strategies and the deterioration of executive constraints	3
Do contravention attempts affect public support for presidential term limits?: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa	3
Who defends democracy and why? Explaining the participation in the 2016–2017 candlelight protest in South Korea	3
Explaining judges’ opposition when judicial independence is undermined: insights from Poland, Romania, and Hungary	3
Academic freedom and the onset of autocratization	3
COVID-19 and the “state of exception”: assessing institutional resilience in consolidated democracies – a comparative analysis of Italy and Portugal	3
Troublemakers and game changers: how political parties stopped democratic backsliding in Bulgaria	3
When incumbents do not run: presidential succession and democratization	3
Delegative democratic attitude and public opinion on human rights: empirical evidence from the Philippines	3
The “inclusion-moderation” illusion: re-framing the Islamic movement inside Israel	3
State of the world 2023: democracy winning and losing at the ballot	3
Group organization, elections and urban political mobilization in the developing world	3
Does democracy fuel corruption in developing countries? Understanding Ghanaians’ perspectives	3
Stability through constraints: the impact of fiscal rules on autocratic survival	3
Death by a thousand cuts: measuring autocratic legalism in the European Union’s rule of law conundrum	3
Digital authoritarianism and the devolution of authoritarian rule: examining Syria’s patriotic hackers	3
Security as a campaign issue: programmatic mobilization in Burkina Faso’s 2020 elections	3
Non-violent resistance movements and substantive democracy	3
The return of silent elections: democracy, uncontested elections and citizen participation in Czechia	3
Autocracy's long reach: explaining host country influences on transnational repression	3
Influence of elite rotation on authoritarian resilience	3
Gender impartiality of public institutions, religiosity, and satisfaction with democracy: findings from Turkey	3
Casting a new light on the democratic spectator	3
Foreign direct investment and democratic survival: a sectoral approach	2
Political corruption in the Arab Mediterranean countries: an innovative typology	2
Civil society collective action under authoritarianism: divergent collaborative equilibriums for political reform in Malaysia and Singapore	2
The machinery of #techno-colonialism crafting “democracy.” A glimpse into digital sub-netizenship in Mexico	2
How opposition parties unite in competitive authoritarian regimes: the role of an intermediary party	2
The state as a determinant of democracy: durable poor-quality democracies in contemporary Latin America	2
Selective assertiveness and strategic deference: explaining judicial contestation of military prerogatives in Pakistan	2
Party strength and party weakness in transitional elections: Myanmar’s National League for Democracy in 2015	2
Political trust and attitudes toward civil disobedience: evidence from Taiwan	2
Mayoral elections and partisan dynamics in Africa’s local governments	2
Religion, foreign policy and populism in Turkish politics: introducing a new framework	2
It takes two to toyi-toyi : one party dominance and opposition party failure in South Africa’s 2019 national election	2
The biopolitical president?: Sovereign power and democratic erosion in El Salvador	2
Anticipating global and diffuse risks to prevent conflict and governance breakdown: lessons from the EU’s southern neighbourhood	2
The road to equality? EU diffusion of anti-discrimination norms in Armenia	2
Political trust and democracy: the critical citizens thesis re-examined	2
Lockdown of expression: civic space restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic as a response to mass protests	2
How modernization theory has stumbled in China: A political interception perspective	2
An unexpected consensus among diverse ways to measure democracy	2
When reorganizing coercion backfires: explaining the mechanisms of revolt in Sudan and Algeria	2
China’s new regional responsiveness: passive agency and counter-agency in processes of democratic transitions in Asia	2
Communicative responsiveness in the Mexican Senate: a field experiment	2
Autonomous activism and accountability in a democratic transition: evidence from Tunisia	2
The network origin of Thailand’s youth movement	2
Public broadcasting and democracy’s defense: responses to far-right parties in Germany and Sweden	2
Branching out: Consequences of the dispersion of authoritarian elites across state and government in Latin America	2
Can democracy aid improve democracy? The European Union’s democracy assistance 2002–2018	2
Corruption and digital authoritarianism: political drivers of e-government adoption in Central Asia	2

When handpicked successors of charismatic leaders prosper: the surprising success of Juan Manuel Santos in Colombia	2
Power consolidation with welfare designs? The emergence of old-age pensions in nondemocratic regimes around the world	2
Institutional constraints and regional incentives for the attempt to scrap presidential term limits	2
Can democratic values bring the parties to the table in a protracted, Middle Eastern conflict? The attitudes of youth in the context of the Arab- Israeli conflict	2
Elite polarization and democratic backsliding in Tunisia: tracing agency-driven mechanisms	2
A model no more? Debating Turkish influence in the southern neighbourhood	2
A poisonous cocktail: ethnic quotas, liberal voting rights and the democracy problem	2
Illiberal resistance to democratic backsliding: the case of radical political Islam in Indonesia	2
How electoral competition shapes local public goods provision in South Africa	2
Measuring and assessing subnational electoral democracy: a new dataset for the Americas and India	2
Movement-voting nexus in hybrid regimes: voter mobilization in Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Bill Movement	2
A people power philosophy: republican ideology in opposition in Tanzania	2
Judicial backsliding: a guide to collapsing the separation of powers	1
Self-determination vs. state sovereignty. What are the determinants of agreed-upon independence referendums in liberal democracies?	1
Latin American social movements and progressive governments: creative tensions between resistance and convergence	1
Facing protests in Serbia: patterns of new competitive authoritarianism	1
Securitization, fear politics, and the formation of an opposition alliance in competitive authoritarian regimes	1
Protectors of liberal democracy or defenders of past authoritarianism?: authoritarian legacies, collective identity, and the far-right protest in South Korea	1
Weak party system institutionalization and autocratization: evidence from Tunisia	1
Regime types and winner-loser Gaps in support for democracy in East Asia	1
Militant democracy and successors to authoritarian ruling parties in post-1945 West Germany and Italy	1
“Reconstituted authoritarianism: Islam, service provision and the state in al-Sisi’s Egypt”	1
Job insecurity, economic resources, and democratic backsliding: evidence from South Korea	1
The provocative effects of democratization: assessing the relationship between the regime transition in Armenia and the escalation of the Karabakh conflict in 2018–2020	1
Why do democratic societies tolerate undemocratic laws? Sorting public support for the National Security Act in South Korea	1
After Repression: How Polarization Derails Democratic Transition	1
Formal power in informal networks. Distribution of power resources in personalized bureaucracies: the case of Russia’s subnational elites	1
How populists engage religion: mechanisms and evidence from the Philippines	1
The impact of security issues on government evaluation: evidence from the Arab World	1
Do mutually reinforcing cleavages harm democracy? Inequalities between ethnic groups and autocratization	1
The reciprocal impact of electoral turnout on protest participation in developing countries: evidence from Iran’s 2018 uprising	1
The use of experts in building political trust: dissenting opinions and critical citizens in times of crisis	1
Did the Arab Spring generate affective polarization? Experimental evidence from five Arab countries	1
Does the control of corruption cause progress in democracy and if so, through which channels? A threshold non-linear analysis	1
Is community service an act of political resistance? the “community pantry” phenomenon in the Philippines and voter behaviour	1
The road to durable democracy: dominant party regimes, party politics and democratic survival	1
Re-examining norms-diffusion: the EU, democracy and rival powers	1
Coups, rivals, and the modern state: why rural coalitions matter in sub-Saharan Africa Coups, rivals, and the modern state: why rural coalitions matter in sub-Saharan Africa	1
Where do social media and education meet? A closer look at understanding of democracy	1
Hollowed or redefined? Changing visions of democracy in the political discourse of Law and Justice	1
Repressing in the name of? Externalization dynamics in Turkey’s use of digital repression against refugees	1
Can democracy safeguard the future? Can democracy safeguard the future? by Graham Smith, Cambridge and Medford, Polity Press, 2021, pp. 160, $18.21 (Hardcover); $11.01 (	1
How do voters respond to party switching in Africa?	1
Technocratic beliefs and delegative democratic attitudes in states of emergency: evidence from a cross-national analysis	1
Individual or collective rights? Consequences for the satisfaction with democracy among Indigenous peoples in Latin America	1
The dictator’s legionnaires: foreign recruitment, coups, and uprisings	1
What’s in a name? Experimental evidence of the coup taboo	1
Cooptation without opposition: government response in the authoritarian legislature in China	1
Remnants of the ancien régime: renomination and re-election of former members of a demised ruling party in Ukraine	1
Agrarian agitations: transcripts of resistance and authoritarian feedback under Vietnam’s repressive-responsive regime	1
Costs and benefits of accepting presidential term limits: “should I stay or should I go?”	1
For things to remain the same, how many things have to change? Elite continuity and change after leadership changes	1
Does schooling promote democracy? A meta-analysis	1
Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media Digital authoritarianism in the Middle East: deception, disinformation and social media	1
Democratic innovations beyond the deliberative paradigm: a re-conceptualization based on Luhmann’s systems theory	1
Dominant party politics and ethnic coordination after conflict: the Serb List in Kosovo	1
Why do some coups lead to democratization?	1
Reneging and the subversion of protest-driven policy change in autocracies	1
Questioning the moderation dichotomy: understanding Hamas’s evolving moderation	1
A more precise way to assess the success of the president’s legislative agenda: the success of presidential priority bills in Chile, 1990–2018	1
Endgames: military responses to protests in Arab Autocracies	0
Moving beyond us-versus-them polarization towards constructive conversations	0
Democratization in Christian Orthodox Europe: comparing Greece, Serbia and Russia	0
Constitutional law and politics of secession	0
Compromise in multilateral negotiations and the global regulation of artificial intelligence	0
Strict COVID-19 lockdown and popular regime support in China	0
What do you call the political upheaval? The conceptual linkage between revolutions and coups	0
Bureaucratic militarization as a mode of democratic backsliding: lessons from Brazil	0
Winds of change: democratic transitions and long-term democratic support	0
“Agents” of the state or revolution? Resistance, accommodation, violence and the role of local administrators in post-coup Myanmar	0
Democracy erodes from the top: Leaders, citizens, and the challenge of populism in Europe	0
The Politics of Institutional Weakness in Latin America	0
Building participatory institutions in Latin America: reform coalitions and institutional change	0
Electoral politics in Africa since 1990: continuity in change	0
Changing the rules to win the game again: does presidential term-limit evasion affect measures of electoral integrity?	0
The conflict within: the politics of parliamentary election management in Iran	0
Charter–manifesto congruence as a signal for issue salience: democratic innovations within political parties in Hungary	0
The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011 The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011 , By Irene Weipert-Fenner, Syracu	0
Politicizing gender and democracy in the context of the Istanbul Convention	0
Exclusion-politicization: Salafism, democracy, and counterpublic politics in the UK	0
Declining Democracy in East-Central Europe: The Divide in the EU and Emerging Hard Populism; Awakening Europe in the Triple Global Crisis: The Birth Pangs of the Emerging Europe	0
The curious case of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh: an analysis of people’s financial satisfaction	0
Dictatorship and information: authoritarian regime resilience in communist Europe and China	0
Elite response to protest in authoritarian settings: evidence from Russia	0
Election meltdown: dirty tricks, distrust, and the threat to American democracy	0
Bias in the eye of beholder? 25 years of election monitoring in Europe	0
Asian Military Evolutions. Civil–Military Relations in Asia	0
On the effectiveness of democracy aid in post-civil war recipient countries	0
The authoritarian international. Tracing how authoritarian regimes learn in the post-soviet space	0
Expertise, policy-making and democracy Expertise, policy-making and democracy , by Johan Christensen, Cathrine Holst and Anders Molander, Routledge, London, UK, 2022, 13	0
Do institutions matter in a crisis? Regime type and decisive responses to Covid-19	0
Riding the Populist Wave: Europe’s Mainstream Right in Crisis	0
Power and progress: our thousand-year struggle over technology and prosperity	0
After the Arab revolution: decentring democratic transition theory	0
Authoritarian police in democracy: contested security in Latin America	0