Physica Medica-European Journal of Medical Physics

Article	Citations
AI applications to medical images: From machine learning to deep learning	254
Photon-counting CT review	229
The promise of artificial intelligence and deep learning in PET and SPECT imaging	155
Artificial intelligence and machine learning for medical imaging: A technology review	145
The TOPAS tool for particle simulation, a Monte Carlo simulation tool for physics, biology and clinical research	125
A review of deep learning based methods for medical image multi-organ segmentation	105
Teaching and learning of postgraduate medical physics using Internet-based e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic – A case study from Malaysia	103
Tungsten-based material as promising new lead-free gamma radiation shielding material in nuclear medicine	96
Deep learning methods to generate synthetic CT from MRI in radiotherapy: A literature review	90
Artificial intelligence: Deep learning in oncological radiomics and challenges of interpretability and data harmonization	81
Technical challenges for FLASH proton therapy	81
Task-based characterization of a deep learning image reconstruction and comparison with filtered back-projection and a partial model-based iterative reconstruction in abdominal CT: A phantom study	76
The European Joint Research Project UHDpulse – Metrology for advanced radiotherapy using particle beams with ultra-high pulse dose rates	72
Machine learning in quantitative PET: A review of attenuation correction and low-count image reconstruction methods	63
Data preparation for artificial intelligence in medical imaging: A comprehensive guide to open-access platforms and tools	62
Artificial Intelligence in magnetic Resonance guided Radiotherapy: Medical and physical considerations on state of art and future perspectives	61
Comparison of different deep learning architectures for synthetic CT generation from MR images	56
Artificial intelligence in image reconstruction: The change is here	53
A review of dose calculation approaches with cone beam CT in photon and proton therapy	52
Estimates of the number of patients with high cumulative doses through recurrent CT exams in 35 OECD countries	49
Update on latest advances in time-of-flight PET	47
The EU medical device regulation: Implications for artificial intelligence-based medical device software in medical physics	46
Dental cone beam CT: An updated review	45
Artificial intelligence applications in medical imaging: A review of the medical physics research in Italy	45
A validation of SpekPy: A software toolkit for modelling X-ray tube spectra	44

Error detection using a convolutional neural network with dose difference maps in patient-specific quality assurance for volumetric modulated arc therapy	44
Effective dose from radiation exposure in medicine: Past, present, and future	43
X-ray phase imaging reaching clinical uses	38
Evaluation of a cycle-generative adversarial network-based cone-beam CT to synthetic CT conversion algorithm for adaptive radiation therapy	35
Basic of machine learning and deep learning in imaging for medical physicists	35
Principles and applications of dual source CT	35
Advances in micro-CT imaging of small animals	34
The advent of anthropomorphic three-dimensional breast phantoms for X-ray imaging	33
Multi-input deep learning approach for Cardiovascular Disease diagnosis using Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and clinical data	32
Meniscal lesion detection and characterization in adult knee MRI: A deep learning model approach with external validation	32
Requirements and reliability of AI in the medical context	32
Automatic fetal biometry prediction using a novel deep convolutional network architecture	32
Preserving image texture while reducing radiation dose with a deep learning image reconstruction algorithm in chest CT: A phantom study	31
Glioblastomas and brain metastases differentiation following an MRI texture analysis-based radiomics approach	31
Strategies to develop radiomics and machine learning models for lung cancer stage and histology prediction using small data samples	30
Delta radiomics for rectal cancer response prediction using low field magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy: an external validation	30
Machine learning in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Image reconstruction	29
Benign-malignant pulmonary nodule classification in low-dose CT with convolutional features	29
Deep learning dose prediction for IMRT of esophageal cancer: The effect of data quality and quantity on model performance	29
Automatic deep learning-based pleural effusion classification in lung ultrasound images for respiratory pathology diagnosis	27
A deep survival interpretable radiomics model of hepatocellular carcinoma patients	26
Sparse-view CT reconstruction based on multi-level wavelet convolution neural network	25
GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations for virtual clinical trials in breast X-ray imaging: Proof of concept	25
Radiation dose optimization in diagnostic and interventional radiology: Current issues and future perspectives	25
A multicenter study of radiation doses to the eye lenses of medical staff performing non-vascular imaging and interventional radiology procedures in Japan	25
Radiation therapy dose prediction for left-sided breast cancers using two-dimensional and three-dimensional deep learning models	23
A review of antenna designs for percutaneous microwave ablation	23
Characterization of displacement forces and image artifacts in the presence of passive medical implants in low-field (<100 mT) permanent magnet-based MRI systems, and comparisons with clinical MRI	23
Current applications of deep-learning in neuro-oncological MRI	22
Current challenges of implementing artificial intelligence in medical imaging	22
Expanding the medical physicist curricular and professional programme to include Artificial Intelligence	22
Higher patient doses through X-ray imaging procedures	22
X-ray sources: 125 years of developments of this intriguing technology	21
Assessment of online adaptive MR-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of liver cancers	21
Stability of dosomics features extraction on grid resolution and algorithm for radiotherapy dose calculation	21
Robustness of CT radiomic features against image discretization and interpolation in characterizing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms	21
Geant4-DNA simulation of the pre-chemical stage of water radiolysis and its impact on initial radiochemical yields	20
Estimation of size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) for paediatric and adults patients based on a single slice	20
Automated classification of urinary stones based on microcomputed tomography images using convolutional neural network	20
Deep learning-based reconstruction in ultra-high-resolution computed tomography: Can image noise caused by high definition detector and the miniaturization of matrix element size be improved?	20
Artificial intelligence in the medical physics community: An international survey	20
Intercomparison of Monte Carlo calculated dose enhancement ratios for gold nanoparticles irradiated by X-rays: Assessing the uncertainty and correct methodology for extended beams	20
Recent advances in X-ray imaging of breast tissue: From two- to three-dimensional imaging	20
A deep learning classifier for digital breast tomosynthesis	20
Impact of iterative reconstructions on image quality and detectability of focal liver lesions in low-energy monochromatic images	20
Overview of commercial treatment planning systems for targeted radionuclide therapy	19
Developing a contextualised blended learning framework to enhance medical physics student learning and engagement	19
Commissioning and performance testing of the first prototype of AlignRT InBore™ a Halcyon™ and Ethos™-dedicated surface guided radiation therapy platform	19
Adaptive SBRT by 1.5 T MR-linac for prostate cancer: On the accuracy of dose delivery in view of the prolonged session time	18
Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology	18

The importance of evaluating the complete automated knowledge-based planning pipeline	18
Clinical practice vs. state-of-the-art research and future visions: Report on the 4D treatment planning workshop for particle therapy – Edition 2018 and 2019	18
Deep learning-based metal artifact reduction using cycle-consistent adversarial network for intensity-modulated head and neck radiation therapy treatment planning	18
A new solution for UHDP and UHDR (Flash) measurements: Theory and conceptual design of ALLS chamber	18
Performance of an artificial intelligence tool with real-time clinical workflow integration – Detection of intracranial hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism	17
Clinical validation of a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose engine of a commercial treatment planning system for pencil beam scanning proton therapy	17
Validation of a dose tracking software for skin dose map calculation in interventional radiology	17
Multi-parametric MRI lesion heterogeneity biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis	17
Detailed evaluation of Mobius3D dose calculation accuracy for volumetric-modulated arc therapy	17
A convolution neural network for higher resolution dose prediction in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy	16
Automatic segmentation of glioblastoma multiform brain tumor in MRI images: Using Deeplabv3+ with pre-trained Resnet18 weights	16
The SiFi-CC project – Feasibility study of a scintillation-fiber-based Compton camera for proton therapy monitoring	16
Ultrasound-guided intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy: A phantom study	16
BriXS, a new X-ray inverse Compton source for medical applications	16
Radiation dose monitoring in computed tomography: Status, options and limitations	16
Dosiomics-based prediction of radiation-induced hypothyroidism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients	16
Simple low-cost approaches to semantic segmentation in radiation therapy planning for prostate cancer using deep learning with non-contrast planning CT images	16
Dosimetric and radiation cancer risk evaluation of high resolution thorax CT during COVID-19 outbreak	16
Feasibility of using a commercial collapsed cone dose engine for 1.5T MR-LINAC online independent dose verification	15
Evaluation of fully automated a priori MCO treatment planning in VMAT for head-and-neck cancer	15
Use of out-of-field contact shielding on patients in medical imaging: A review of current guidelines, recommendations and legislative documents	15
Library of deep-learning image segmentation and outcomes model-implementations	14
Estimation and correction of Cerenkov-light on luminescence image of water for carbon-ion therapy dosimetry	14
Experimental benchmarking of RayStation proton dose calculation algorithms inside and outside the target region in heterogeneous phantom geometries	14
Monte Carlo studies in Gold Nanoparticles enhanced radiotherapy: The impact of modelled parameters in dose enhancement	14
Deep Learning model for markerless tracking in spinal SBRT	14
Dosimetric optimization of nuclear medicine therapy based on the Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM and the Italian law N. 101/2020. Position paper and recommendations by the Italian National Associati	14
Dose uncertainty and resolution of polymer gel dosimetry using an MRI guided radiation therapy system’s onboard 0.35 T scanner	14
On the dependence of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging on scanner system characteristics and acquisition parameters: A large multicenter and multiparametric phantom study with unsupervised clust	14
A novel fast kilovoltage switching dual-energy CT with deep learning: Accuracy of CT number on virtual monochromatic imaging and iodine quantification	14
3D image-based dosimetry for Yttrium-90 radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of imaging method on absorbed dose estimates	14
Image quality comparison of a nonlinear image-based noise reduction technique with a hybrid-type iterative reconstruction for pediatric computed tomography	13
Personalized automation of treatment planning in head-neck cancer: A step forward for quality in radiation therapy?	13
Short-duration dynamic FDG PET imaging: Optimization and clinical application	13
Selecting proper combination of mpMRI sequences for prostate cancer classification using multi-input convolutional neuronal network	13
An international survey of imaging practices in radiotherapy	13
National indication-based diagnostic reference level values in computed tomography: Preliminary results from Ghana	13
External beam radiation therapy with kilovoltage x-rays	13
3D TOF-PET image reconstruction using total variation regularization	13
Patient shielding: The need for a European consensus statement	12
Ontologies in radiation oncology	12
Systematic literature review on the benefit of patient protection shielding during medical X-ray imaging: Towards a discontinuation of the current practice	12
Samarium doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles as theranostic agents in radiation therapy	12
Comparison of the RayStation photon Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm against measured data under homogeneous and heterogeneous irradiation geometries	12
A novel deep learning model for breast lesion classification using ultrasound Images: A multicenter data evaluation	12
Patient-specific IMRT QA verification using machine learning and gamma radiomics	12
A CT-guided robotic needle puncture method for lung tumours with respiratory motion	12
A modular dose delivery system for treating moving targets with scanned ion beams: Performance and safety characteristics, and preliminary tests	12
The FLUKA Monte Carlo code coupled with an OER model for biologically weighted dose calculations in proton therapy of hypoxic tumors	12
Implementation of a dose calculation algorithm based on Monte Carlo simulations for treatment planning towards MRI guided ion beam therapy	12
Proof of concept image artifact reduction by energy-modulated proton computed tomography (EMpCT)	12
Evaluation of ferrous benzoic methylthymol-blue gel as a dosimeter via magnetic resonance imaging	12
The growing potential of diagnostic reference levels as a dynamic tool for dose optimization	12
Quality assurance-based optimization (QAO): Towards improving patient-specific quality assurance in volumetric modulated arc therapy plans using machine learning	12
Deep learning-based in vivo dose verification from proton-induced secondary-electron-bremsstrahlung images with various count level	11
Bridging the gap between micro- and macro-scales in medical imaging with textural analysis – A biological basis for CT radiomics classifiers?	11
Procurement, commissioning and QA of AI based solutions: An MPE’s perspective on introducing AI in clinical practice	11
Use of genetic algorithm for PTV optimization in single isocenter multiple metastases radiosurgery treatments with Brainlab Elements™	11
Deep reinforcement learning for treatment planning in high-dose-rate cervical brachytherapy	11
Prompt-gamma emission in GEANT4 revisited and confronted with experiment	11
Intracerebral hemorrhage detection on computed tomography images using a residual neural network	11
Rapid effective dose calculation for raster-scanning 4He ion therapy with the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (mMKM)	11
Object-oriented classification approach for bone metastasis mapping from whole-body bone scintigraphy	11
Functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation: Methods and preclinical applications	11
Automating chest radiograph imaging quality control	11
Margin verification for hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy using a novel dose accumulation workflow and iterative CBCT	11
Dosimetric effect of intrafraction motion and different localization strategies in prostate SBRT	11
Monte Carlo assessment of low energy electron range in liquid water and dosimetry effects	11
3D printed copper-plastic composite material for use as a radiotherapy bolus	11
Accurate non-tumoral 99mTc-MAA absorbed dose prediction to plan optimized activities in liver radioembolization using resin microspheres	11
Corrigendum to “Intercomparison of dose enhancement ratio and secondary electron spectra for gold nanoparticles irradiated by X-rays calculated using multiple Monte Carlo simulation codes” [Phys. Med.	11
A high-performance method of deep learning for prostate MR-only radiotherapy planning using an optimized Pix2Pix architecture	11
Cone-beam breast computed tomography using ultra-fast image reconstruction with constrained, total-variation minimization for suppression of artifacts	10
Perspectives in linear accelerator for FLASH VHEE: Study of a compact C-band system	10
Validation of low-dose lung cancer PET-CT protocol and PET image improvement using machine learning	10
Validation of the MC-GPU Monte Carlo code against the PENELOPE/penEasy code system and benchmarking against experimental conditions for typical radiation qualities and setups in interventional radiolo	10
Out-of-field organ doses and associated risk of cancer development following radiation therapy with photons	10
Introduction of a surgical Black Box system in a hybrid angiosuite: Challenges and opportunities	10
Cancer risk after breast proton therapy considering physiological and radiobiological uncertainties	10
FLASHla	10

Ultra-high dose rate dosimetry for pre-clinical experiments with mm-small proton fields	10
Using federated data sources and Varian Learning Portal framework to train a neural network model for automatic organ segmentation	10
Tumor-non-tumor discrimination by aβ-	10
Characterization and clinical validation of patient-specific three-dimensional printed tissue-equivalent bolus for radiotherapy of head and neck malignancies involving skin	10
Radiomics classifier to quantify automatic segmentation quality of cardiac sub-structures for radiotherapy treatment planning	10
Exploring the variability of radiomic features of lung cancer lesions on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced chest CT imaging	10
Fast Monte Carlo codes for occupational dosimetry in interventional radiology	10
Automatic lung segmentation in COVID-19 patients: Impact on quantitative computed tomography analysis	10
Cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia: Which approach for incorporating cardiorespiratory motions into the planning target volume?	10
Positioning accuracy of a single-isocenter multiple targets SRS treatment: A comparison between Varian TrueBeam CBCT and Brainlab ExacTrac	10
Establishing paediatric diagnostic reference levels using reference curves – A feasibility study including conventional and CT examinations	9
Development of a dose distribution shifter to fit inside the collimator of a Boron Neutron Capture Therapy irradiation system to treat superficial tumours	9
3D dosimetric validation of ultrasound-guided radiotherapy with a dynamically deformable abdominal phantom	9
Monte Carlo modelling of pixel clusters in Timepix detectors using the MCNP code	9
A microdosimetric analysis of the interactions of mono-energetic neutrons with human tissue	9
Impact of quantization algorithm and number of gray level intensities on variability and repeatability of low field strength magnetic resonance image-based radiomics texture features	9
Abnormal metabolic covariance patterns associated with multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy	9
Accuracy of dose calculation on iterative CBCT for head and neck radiotherapy	9
Local diagnostic reference levels for paediatric non-cardiac interventional radiology procedures	9
Radioprotection of eye lens using protective material in neuro cone-beam computed tomography: Estimation of dose reduction rate and image quality	9
Evaluation of CBCT based dose calculation in the thorax and pelvis using two generic algorithms	9
Fabrication of 3D printed patient-derived anthropomorphic breast phantoms for mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis: Imaging assessment with clinical X-ray spectra	9
Generation of clinical 177Lu SPECT/CT images based on Monte Carlo simulation with GATE	9
VMAT-like plans for magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy: Addressing unmet needs	9
EBHI: A new Enteroscope Biopsy Histopathological H&E Image Dataset for image classification evaluation	9
A situational awareness Bayesian network approach for accurate and credible personalized adaptive radiotherapy outcomes prediction in lung cancer patients	9
A novel tool for assessing the correlation of internal/external markers during SGRT guided stereotactic ablative radiotherapy treatments	9
Correlation analysis of organ doses determined by Monte Carlo simulation with dose metrics for patients undergoing chest-abdomen-pelvis CT examinations	9
HeLLePhant: A phantom mimicking non-small cell lung cancer for texture analysis in CT images	9
Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison of simultaneous integrated boost and sequential boost of locally advanced cervical cancer	9
Charge collection efficiency, underlying recombination mechanisms, and the role of electrode distance of vented ionization chambers under ultra-high dose-per-pulse conditions	9
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: The scientist and his discovery	8
Optimization of polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel rectal spacer for focal laser ablation of prostate peripheral zone tumor	8
Fricke-Xylenol orange-Gelatin gel characterization with dual wavelength cone-beam optical CT scanner for applications in stereotactic and dynamic radiotherapy	8
Diffusion kurtosis imaging in head and neck cancer: A correlation study with dynamic contrast enhanced MRI	8
A new calculation method for the free electron fraction of an ionization chamber in the ultra-high-dose-per-pulse regimen	8
X-ray dark-field phase-contrast imaging: Origins of the concept to practical implementation and applications	8
Towards an updated ESTRO-EFOMP core curriculum for education and training of medical physics experts in radiotherapy – A survey of current education and training practice in Europe	8
Generative models improve radiomics performance in different tasks and different datasets: An experimental study	8
Modeling of scavenging systems in water radiolysis with Geant4-DNA	8
Leadership and mentoring in medical physics: The experience of a medical physics international mentoring program	8
Simplified patient-specific renal dosimetry in 177Lu therapy: a proof of concept	8
Making radiotherapy more efficient with FAIR data	8
Measuring the dose in bone for spine stereotactic body radiotherapy	8
Enhancement of radiation exposure risk from β-emitter radionuclides due to Internal Bremsstrahlung effect: A Monte Carlo study of 90Y case	8
Inverse planning in Gamma Knife radiosurgery: A comparative planning study	8
3D-printed patient-specific pelvis phantom for dosimetry measurements for prostate stereotactic radiotherapy with dominant intraprostatic lesion boost	8
X-rays for medical imaging: Radiation protection, governance and ethics over 125 years	8
End-to-end dosimetric audit: A novel procedure developed for Irish HDR brachytherapy centres	8
Dosimetric characterization of a small-scale (Zn,Cd)S:Ag inorganic scintillating detector to be used in radiotherapy	8
Ultra-low dose whole-body CT for attenuation correction in a dual tracer PET/CT protocol for multiple myeloma	8
A parametric study of occupational radiation dose in interventional radiology by Monte-Carlo simulations	8
In vivo dosimetry in low-voltage IORT breast treatments with XR-RV3 radiochromic film	8
Largest diameter delineations can substitute 3D tumor volume delineations for radiomics prediction of human papillomavirus status on MRI’s of oropharyngeal cancer	8
Assessment of a conventional volumetric-modulated arc therapy knowledge-based planning model applied to the new Halcyon© O-ring linac in locoregional breast cancer radiotherapy	8
Implementation of the microdosimetric kinetic model using analytical microdosimetry in a treatment planning system for proton therapy	8
Field output factors for small fields: A large multicentre study	8
Comparisons of glandular breast dose between digital mammography, tomosynthesis and breast CT based on anthropomorphic patient-derived breast phantoms	8
Four-dimensional carbon-ion pencil beam treatment planning comparison between robust optimization and range-adapted internal target volume for respiratory-gated liver and lung treatment	8
Evaluation of optimization workflow using custom-made planning through predicted dose distribution for head and neck tumor treatment	8
Optimization of image quality and accuracy of low iodine concentration quantification as function of kVp pairs for abdominal imaging using dual-source CT: A phantom study	8
Continual improvement of nasopharyngeal carcinoma segmentation with less labeling effort	8
Extension of RBE-weighted 4D particle dose calculation for non-periodic motion	8
Validation and practical implementation of seated position radiotherapy in a commercial TPS for proton therapy	8
Monte Carlo calculated beam quality correction factors for two cylindrical ionization chambers in photon beams	8
Dual-domain sparse-view CT reconstruction with Transformers	8
Effective dose and image quality for intraoperative imaging with a cone-beam CT and a mobile multi-slice CT in spinal surgery: A phantom study	7
Education, training and registration of Medical Physics Experts across Europe	7
Dose distribution correction for the influence of magnetic field using a deep convolutional neural network for online MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy	7
An empirical artifact correction for proton computed tomography	7
Point scintillator dosimetry in ultra-high dose rate electron “FLASH” radiation therapy: A first characterization	7
Spatial resolution compensation by adjusting the reconstruction kernels for iterative reconstruction images of computed tomography	7
Monte Carlo study of patient and medical staff radiation exposures during interventional cardiology	7
A deep learning approach for magnetic resonance fingerprinting: Scaling capabilities and good training practices investigated by simulations.	7
Treatment plan prediction for lung IMRT using deep learning based fluence map generation	7
In phantom evaluation of targeting accuracy in MRI-based brain radiosurgery	7
Detailed dosimetry calculation for in-vitro experiments and its impact on clinical BNCT	7
Enhanced phase retrieval via deep concatenation networks for in-line X-ray phase contrast imaging	7
Validation of a laser driven plasma X-ray microfocus source for high resolution radiography imaging	7
Simulated four-dimensional CT for markerless tumor tracking using a deep learning network with multi-task learning	7
FLUKA simulation of target fragmentation in proton therapy	7
RBE variation in prostate carcinoma cells in active scanning proton beams: In-vitro measurements in comparison with phenomenological models	7
Evaluating suggested stricter gamma criteria for linac-based patient-specific delivery QA in the conventional and SBRT environments	7
A filament 3D printing approach for CT-compatible bone tissues replication	7
Evaluation of correlation between intrafractional residual setup errors and accumulation of delivered dose distributions in single isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy for multiple brain metasta	7
Out-of-field measurements and simulations of a proton pencil beam in a wide range of dose rates using a Timepix3 detector: Dose rate, flux and LET	7
Near real-time magnetic particle imaging for visual assessment of vascular stenosis in a phantom model	7
Proof-of-concept of DosiTest: A virtual multicentric clinical trial for assessing uncertainties in molecular radiotherapy dosimetry	7
Preparation of a radiobiology beam line at the 18 MeV proton cyclotron facility at CNA	7
Beamline characterization of a dielectric-filled reentrant cavity resonator as beam current monitor for a medical cyclotron facility	7
Performance assessment of surface-guided radiation therapy and patient setup in head-and-neck and breast cancer patients based on statistical process control	7
On dose cube pixel spacing pre-processing for features extraction stability in dosiomic studies	7
Addressing signal alterations induced in CT images by deep learning processing: A preliminary phantom study	7
Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): A cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras	7
Enhancing the impact of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A joint AIFM-INFN Italian initiative for a dedicated cloud-based computing infrastructure	7