Entropy

Article	Citations
Explainable AI: A Review of Machine Learning Interpretability Methods	1239
High-Entropy Alloys for Advanced Nuclear Applications	165
An Efficient DenseNet-Based Deep Learning Model for Malware Detection	149
Automatic ECG Classification Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network	141
Robust Spike-Based Continual Meta-Learning Improved by Restricted Minimum Error Entropy Criterion	132
Entropy Analysis on the Blood Flow through Anisotropically Tapered Arteries Filled with Magnetic Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles	118
A New Algorithm for Digital Image Encryption Based on Chaos Theory	110
Silhouette Analysis for Performance Evaluation in Machine Learning with Applications to Clustering	106
Why the Mittag-Leffler Function Can Be Considered the Queen Function of the Fractional Calculus?	91
Dark Energy with Phantom Crossing and the H0 Tension	86
Boosting COVID-19 Image Classification Using MobileNetV3 and Aquila Optimizer Algorithm	78
An Insider Data Leakage Detection Using One-Hot Encoding, Synthetic Minority Oversampling and Machine Learning Techniques	78
An Elementary Introduction to Information Geometry	77
Deep Learning Methods for Heart Sounds Classification: A Systematic Review	75
Information Entropy in Chemistry: An Overview	72
A Variational Bayesian Deep Network with Data Self-Screening Layer for Massive Time-Series Data Forecasting	70
Federated Quantum Machine Learning	68
Survey on Self-Supervised Learning: Auxiliary Pretext Tasks and Contrastive Learning Methods in Imaging	67
Knowledge Discovery for Higher Education Student Retention Based on Data Mining: Machine Learning Algorithms and Case Study in Chile	66
Nonlinear Neutral Delay Differential Equations of Fourth-Order: Oscillation of Solutions	66
Complexity in Economic and Social Systems: Cryptocurrency Market at around COVID-19	65
Sentiment Analysis of Persian Movie Reviews Using Deep Learning	65
Salient Object Detection Techniques in Computer Vision—A Survey	64
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on VMD-MPE and PSO-SVM	63
ECG Signal Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques Based on the PTB-XL Dataset	63

A Systematic Review of Statistical and Machine Learning Methods for Electrical Power Forecasting with Reported MAPE Score	62
Software Requirements Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms	59
Applications of Distributed-Order Fractional Operators: A Review	58
Performance Evaluation of Construction Companies Using Integrated Entropy–Fuzzy VIKOR Model	57
Geometric Optimisation of Quantum Thermodynamic Processes	57
Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review	57
An Appraisal of Incremental Learning Methods	56
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumour Classification	56
An Improved Encoder-Decoder Network Based on Strip Pool Method Applied to Segmentation of Farmland Vacancy Field	55
Optimal Control of Time-Delay Fractional Equations via a Joint Application of Radial Basis Functions and Collocation Method	55
An Improved Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm with Adaptation Mechanism to Solve Numerical and Mechanical Engineering Problems	55
A Chaotic-Based Encryption/Decryption Framework for Secure Multimedia Communications	54
Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle	54
The Entropy Universe	51
Training Multilayer Perceptron with Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization for Modeling Stock Price Index Prediction	51
Discrete Transforms and Matrix Rotation Based Cancelable Face and Fingerprint Recognition for Biometric Security Applications	50
Selection of the Optimal Number of Topics for LDA Topic Model—Taking Patent Policy Analysis as an Example	50
Discrete Memristor and Discrete Memristive Systems	49
Four-Objective Optimization of Irreversible Atkinson Cycle Based on NSGA-II	49
Application of Euler Neural Networks with Soft Computing Paradigm to Solve Nonlinear Problems Arising in Heat Transfer	49
A Novel Hybrid Gradient-Based Optimizer and Grey Wolf Optimizer Feature Selection Method for Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors	46
A Generative Adversarial Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Semantic Segmentation	45
Using Convolutional Neural Network and a Single Heartbeat for ECG Biometric Recognition	45
A Dynamic DNA Color Image Encryption Method Based on SHA-512	45
Quantum Machine Learning: A Review and Case Studies	44
Spatial Correlation Network and Regional Differences for the Development of Digital Economy in China	44
A Crop Image Segmentation and Extraction Algorithm Based on Mask RCNN	44
Scikit-Dimension: A Python Package for Intrinsic Dimension Estimation	44
A Survey of Information Entropy Metrics for Complex Networks	43
Unifying Large- and Small-Scale Theories of Coordination	43
A Lightweight YOLOv4-Based Forestry Pest Detection Method Using Coordinate Attention and Feature Fusion	43
Deep Spatio-Temporal Graph Network with Self-Optimization for Air Quality Prediction	43
A Labeling Method for Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Trends	43
An Electric Fish-Based Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection	43
Future Perspectives of Finite-Time Thermodynamics	42
Novel Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Contextual Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Scripts	42
Double Feature Extraction Method of Ship-Radiated Noise Signal Based on Slope Entropy and Permutation Entropy	41
Hyper-Chaotic Color Image Encryption Based on Transformed Zigzag Diffusion and RNA Operation	41
Hyperledger Fabric Access Control System for Internet of Things Layer in Blockchain-Based Applications	40
Homogeneous Adaboost Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms with Reduced Entropy on Balanced Data	39
Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments	39
Normalized Multivariate Time Series Causality Analysis and Causal Graph Reconstruction	39
Techno-Economic Optimization of CSP Plants with Free-Falling Particle Receivers	39
Generalised Geometric Brownian Motion: Theory and Applications to Option Pricing	39
Distributed Deep Fusion Predictor for a Multi-Sensor System Based on Causality Entropy	38
A Short Review on Minimum Description Length: An Application to Dimension Reduction in PCA	37
Improved YOLO Based Detection Algorithm for Floating Debris in Waterway	37
Some New Hermite–Hadamard and Related Inequalities for Convex Functions via (p,q)-Integral	37
A Fault Diagnosis Method Considering Meteorological Factors for Transmission Networks Based on P Systems	37
Robust Aggregation Operators for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set with Their Application to Solve MCDM Problem	37

Measuring Uncertainty in the Negation Evidence for Multi-Source Information Fusion	37
A Comparative Study of Common Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Continuous Function Optimization	37
The Conditional Entropy Bottleneck	37
The Problem of Fairness in Synthetic Healthcare Data	36
An Overview of Variational Autoencoders for Source Separation, Finance, and Bio-Signal Applications	36
A Review of Shannon and Differential Entropy Rate Estimation	36
Development of Automated Sleep Stage Classification System Using Multivariate Projection-Based Fixed Boundary Empirical Wavelet Transform and Entropy Features Extracted from Multichannel EEG Signals	36
An Analytical Technique, Based on Natural Transform to Solve Fractional-Order Parabolic Equations	36
A Review of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for High-Speed Trains: Qualitative Approaches	35
The World as a Neural Network	35
Stochastic Chaos and Markov Blankets	35
Probability Representation of Quantum States	35
Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries	35
A Technical Critique of Some Parts of the Free Energy Principle	35
Anaerobic Digestion for Producing Renewable Energy—The Evolution of This Technology in a New Uncertain Scenario	34
Hyperchaotic Image Encryption Based on Multiple Bit Permutation and Diffusion	34
A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach Based on ANP-Entropy TOPSIS for Building Materials Supplier Selection	34
Attention Mechanisms and Their Applications to Complex Systems	33
A Caputo–Fabrizio Fractional-Order Model of HIV/AIDS with a Treatment Compartment: Sensitivity Analysis and Optimal Control Strategies	33
A Hybrid Domain Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Improved Henon Map	33
Deep Task-Based Quantization	33
A Review of Security Evaluation of Practical Quantum Key Distribution System	33
Enhanced Slime Mould Algorithm for Multilevel Thresholding Image Segmentation Using Entropy Measures	32
Application of Biological Domain Knowledge Based Feature Selection on Gene Expression Data	32
Fermatean Fuzzy Schweizer–Sklar Operators and BWM-Entropy-Based Combined Compromise Solution Approach: An Application to Green Supplier Selection	32
Dissipative Structures, Organisms and Evolution	32
Simple Equations Method (SEsM): Algorithm, Connection with Hirota Method, Inverse Scattering Transform Method, and Several Other Methods	32
Mechanism Integrated Information	32
Application of Parameter Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition Method in Fault Feature Extraction of Rolling Bearing	31
Electricity, Heat, and Gas Load Forecasting Based on Deep Multitask Learning in Industrial-Park Integrated Energy System	31
On-Road Detection of Driver Fatigue and Drowsiness during Medium-Distance Journeys	31
Fractional Deng Entropy and Extropy and Some Applications	31
Working Memory Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Detected by Complexity Analysis of Multimodal EEG-fNIRS	31
Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS as a Method for Assessing Socioeconomic Phenomena on the Basis of Survey Data	31
Quantum Finite-Time Thermodynamics: Insight from a Single Qubit Engine	31
Feature Importance in Gradient Boosting Trees with Cross-Validation Feature Selection	31
Spectrum Sensing Based on Hybrid Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks	31
Breakpoint Analysis for the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effect on the Stock Markets	31
Analyzing the Effects of Topological Defect (TD) on the Energy Spectra and Thermal Properties of LiH, TiC and I2 Diatomic Molecules	31
Cryptocurrency Market Consolidation in 2020–2021	31
Ensemble Approach for Detection of Depression Using EEG Features	31
Diffusion Probabilistic Modeling for Video Generation	30
Investigation of Cyber-Security and Cyber-Crimes in Oil and Gas Sectors Using the Innovative Structures of Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations	30
A New Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Markov Transition Field and CNN	30
Optimized Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Approaches Based on CEEMDAN and Slope Entropy	30
Automated Emotion Identification Using Fourier–Bessel Domain-Based Entropies	30
Fractional Norms and Quasinorms Do Not Help to Overcome the Curse of Dimensionality	30
A Memory-Efficient Encoding Method for Processing Mixed-Type Data on Machine Learning	30
Bendlet Transform Based Adaptive Denoising Method for Microsection Images	30
A Discretization Approach for the Nonlinear Fractional Logistic Equation	30
Ungulate Detection and Species Classification from Camera Trap Images Using RetinaNet and Faster R-CNN	30
A Hybrid Analysis-Based Approach to Android Malware Family Classification	29
Performance Optimizations with Single-, Bi-, Tri-, and Quadru-Objective for Irreversible Diesel Cycle	29
Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction	29
An Overview of Key Technologies in Physical Layer Security	29
Multilevel Deep Feature Generation Framework for Automated Detection of Retinal Abnormalities Using OCT Images	29
An Extended FMEA Model Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR for the Railway Train Risk Prioritization	29
Retinex-Based Fast Algorithm for Low-Light Image Enhancement	29
Light-Front Field Theory on Current Quantum Computers	29
Effects of Match Location, Quality of Opposition and Match Outcome on Match Running Performance in a Portuguese Professional Football Team	29
Fusion Domain-Adaptation CNN Driven by Images and Vibration Signals for Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox Cross-Working Conditions	29
Analysis of Accelerometer and GPS Data for Cattle Behaviour Identification and Anomalous Events Detection	28
Specific Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductivity Measurements of PLA-Based 3D-Printed Parts with Milled Carbon Fiber Reinforcement	28
Hybrid-Flash Butterfly Optimization Algorithm with Logistic Mapping for Solving the Engineering Constrained Optimization Problems	28
Nowcasting Avalanches as Earthquakes and the Predictability of Strong Avalanches in the Olami-Feder-Christensen Model	28
A Study on Railway Surface Defects Detection Based on Machine Vision	28
From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)	27
Effects of Glass Transition and Structural Relaxation on Crystal Nucleation: Theoretical Description and Model Analysis	27
Approximate Entropy of Brain Network in the Study of Hemispheric Differences	27
A Novel Approach to the Partial Information Decomposition	27
A Novel Lightweight Real-Time Traffic Sign Detection Integration Framework Based on YOLOv4	27
Analytical Parameter Estimation of the SIR Epidemic Model. Applications to the COVID-19 Pandemic	27
A Method for Estimating the Entropy of Time Series Using Artificial Neural Networks	27
Joint Green Marketing Decision-Making of Green Supply Chain Considering Power Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility	27
Financial Return Distributions: Past, Present, and COVID-19	27
Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance of Hydrogen Production Methods	27
Malicious URL Detection Based on Associative Classification	27
Reliable Recurrence Algorithm for High-Order Krawtchouk Polynomials	27
Some Interesting Observations on the Free Energy Principle	26
Energy Based Logic Mining Analysis with Hopfield Neural Network for Recruitment Evaluation	26

Modified Gerchberg–Saxton (G-S) Algorithm and Its Application	26
Application of ICEEMDAN Energy Entropy and AFSA-SVM for Fault Diagnosis of Hoist Sheave Bearing	26
Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis for Robot Joint Based on Deep CNN	26
Microstructural Degradation of the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr Refractory Metal High-Entropy Superalloy at Elevated Temperatures	26
General Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics	26
A Review on Machine Learning Approaches for Network Malicious Behavior Detection in Emerging Technologies	26
A Hybrid Method Based on Extreme Learning Machine and Wavelet Transform Denoising for Stock Prediction	26
Image Encryption Scheme with Compressed Sensing Based on a New Six-Dimensional Non-Degenerate Discrete Hyperchaotic System and Plaintext-Related Scrambling	26
Entropy Production in Exactly Solvable Systems	26
LPA-MNI: An Improved Label Propagation Algorithm Based on Modularity and Node Importance for Community Detection	26
Selection of Embedding Dimension and Delay Time in Phase Space Reconstruction via Symbolic Dynamics	26
Minimum Entropy Generation Rate and Maximum Yield Optimization of Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Process Using NSGA-II	26
An Improved Approach towards Multi-Agent Pursuit–Evasion Game Decision-Making Using Deep Reinforcement Learning	25
Gravity and Cosmology in Kaniadakis Statistics: Current Status and Future Challenges	25
A Simplified Fractional Order PID Controller’s Optimal Tuning: A Case Study on a PMSM Speed Servo	25
Artificial Intelligence for Modeling Real Estate Price Using Call Detail Records and Hybrid Machine Learning Approach	25
A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling	25
The Truncated Burr X-G Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications to Actuarial and Financial Data	25
Noise Reduction in Spur Gear Systems	25
A Review of Fractional Order Entropies	25
A Lightweight Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaotic Map and Random Substitution	25
A Digital Image Confidentiality Scheme Based on Pseudo-Quantum Chaos and Lucas Sequence	25
Analysis on the Development of Digital Economy in Guangdong Province Based on Improved Entropy Method and Multivariate Statistical Analysis	24
A Weighted Subdomain Adaptation Network for Partial Transfer Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery	24
A Novel Method Based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and Multi-Features for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing	24
A New Two-Stage Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems	24
Distance-Based Knowledge Measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets with Its Application in Decision Making	24
A Comprehensive Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing Fault Based on CEEMDAN-DFA-Improved Wavelet Threshold Function and QPSO-MPE-SVM	24
Pulse Coupled Neural Network-Based Multimodal Medical Image Fusion via Guided Filtering and WSEML in NSCT Domain	24
3E-Net: Entropy-Based Elastic Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Grading of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Histopathological Microscopic Images	24
Emergence of Organisms	24
Computer Vision Based Automatic Recognition of Pointer Instruments: Data Set Optimization and Reading	24
Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition and Permutation Entropy with Their Application in Feature Extraction of Ship-Radiated Noise	24
Shape Effect of Nanosize Particles on Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Sheet with Entropy Generation	24
Neural Dynamics under Active Inference: Plausibility and Efficiency of Information Processing	24
List Decoding of Arıkan’s PAC Codes	24
Towards Secure Big Data Analysis via Fully Homomorphic Encryption Algorithms	23
On the Dynamics of International Real-Estate-Investment Trust-Propagation Mechanisms: Evidence from Time-Varying Return and Volatility Connectedness Measures	23
Non-Hermitian Floquet Topological Matter—A Review	23
Modeling, Simulation, and Reconstruction of 2-Reservoir Heat-to-Power Processes in Finite-Time Thermodynamics	23
Stock Index Prediction Based on Time Series Decomposition and Hybrid Model	23
Identifying Important Nodes in Complex Networks Based on Node Propagation Entropy	23
Causality and Information Transfer Between the Solar Wind and the Magnetosphere–Ionosphere System	23
Reliable Semantic Communication System Enabled by Knowledge Graph	23
Classification of Actigraphy Records from Bipolar Disorder Patients Using Slope Entropy: A Feasibility Study	23
Exploiting Dynamic Vector-Level Operations and a 2D-Enhanced Logistic Modular Map for Efficient Chaotic Image Encryption	23
High Entropy Alloys as Filler Metals for Joining	23
Advances in Chip-Based Quantum Key Distribution	23
Feature Selection for Recommender Systems with Quantum Computing	22
Research on Channel Selection and Multi-Feature Fusion of EEG Signals for Mental Fatigue Detection	22
Recent Status and Prospects on Thermochemical Heat Storage Processes and Applications	22
Interpretable Multi-Head Self-Attention Architecture for Sarcasm Detection in Social Media	22
Why Do Big Data and Machine Learning Entail the Fractional Dynamics?	22
Representation of a Monotone Curve by a Contour with Regular Change in Curvature	22
Multiscale Permutation Lempel–Ziv Complexity Measure for Biomedical Signal Analysis: Interpretation and Application to Focal EEG Signals	22
New Advances in High-Entropy Alloys	22
Viscosity and Rheological Properties of Graphene Nanopowders Nanofluids	22
Performance Analysis and Four-Objective Optimization of an Irreversible Rectangular Cycle	22
Impact of Feature Choice on Machine Learning Classification of Fractional Anomalous Diffusion	22
Modeling and Optimization of Hydraulic and Thermal Performance of a Tesla Valve Using a Numerical Method and Artificial Neural Network	22
Adam and the Ants: On the Influence of the Optimization Algorithm on the Detectability of DNN Watermarks	22
Fever Time Series Analysis Using Slope Entropy. Application to Early Unobtrusive Differential Diagnosis	22
Portfolio Optimization with a Mean–Absolute Deviation–Entropy Multi-Objective Model	22
A Multi-Classification Hybrid Quantum Neural Network Using an All-Qubit Multi-Observable Measurement Strategy	21
Improving Document-Level Sentiment Classification Using Importance of Sentences	21
Fault Diagnosis of a Wind Turbine Gearbox Based on Improved Variational Mode Algorithm and Information Entropy	21
A Novel Algebraic Structure of (α,β)-Complex Fuzzy Subgroups	21
A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on PAVME and MEDE	21
Entropy and Wealth	21
Research on Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Bit-Plane and Chen Chaotic System	21
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on WOA-VMD-MPE and MPSO-LSSVM	21
Interpolation with Specified Error of a Point Series Belonging to a Monotone Curve	21
Recent Advances in W-Containing Refractory High-Entropy Alloys—An Overview	21
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Refined Composite Multi-Scale Approximate Entropy and Optimized Probabilistic Neural Network	21
Identifying Influential Nodes in Complex Networks Based on Multiple Local Attributes and Information Entropy	21
Double-Matrix Decomposition Image Steganography Scheme Based on Wavelet Transform with Multi-Region Coverage	21
A Review of Key Technologies and Trends in the Development of Integrated Heating and Power Systems in Agriculture	21
Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Severity of Large Truck Crashes	21
Contextuality, Complementarity, Signaling, and Bell Tests	21
Reservoir Computing with Delayed Input for Fast and Easy Optimisation	21
Entropy as an Objective Function of Optimization Multimodal Transportations	21
Natural Language Generation and Understanding of Big Code for AI-Assisted Programming: A Review	21
A New Generator of Probability Models: The Exponentiated Sine-G Family for Lifetime Studies	21
The Quantum Friction and Optimal Finite-Time Performance of the Quantum Otto Cycle	21
GTAD: Graph and Temporal Neural Network for Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection	21
Reliable Fault Diagnosis of Bearings Using an Optimized Stacked Variational Denoising Auto-Encoder	20
Power-Modified Kies-Exponential Distribution: Properties, Classical and Bayesian Inference with an Application to Engineering Data	20
Coexisting Infinite Orbits in an Area-Preserving Lozi Map	20
The Radically Embodied Conscious Cybernetic Bayesian Brain: From Free Energy to Free Will and Back Again	20
Performance Analysis of Identification Codes	20
Series Representations for Uncertain Fractional IVPs in the Fuzzy Conformable Fractional Sense	20
Estimating the Epicenter of a Future Strong Earthquake in Southern California, Mexico, and Central America by Means of Natural Time Analysis and Earthquake Nowcasting	20
A Hybridization of Dragonfly Algorithm Optimization and Angle Modulation Mechanism for 0-1 Knapsack Problems	20
Single-Particle Tracking Reveals Anti-Persistent Subdiffusion in Cell Extracts	20
Health Monitoring of Air Compressors Using Reconstruction-Based Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection with Increased Transparency	20