OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Studies in Conflict & Terrorism is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)

Article	Citations
Financing of Non-State Armed Groups in the Middle East: Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) as a Case Study	37
Look Mom I’m On TV: Crowd-Sourced Policing, Social Media, and the Prosecution of January 6 Capitol Defendants	35
Fighting over International Legitimacy: Testing Israel’s Image War Strategies During the 2023–24 War Between Hamas and Israel	25
Supply and Demand: Drivers of Women Non-Combat Participation in Rebel Groups	22
Complicating Convergence: A Micro-Ethnography of Neo-Fascist Accelerationist Views of Militant Islam on Terrorgram	21
Policing of the Far-Right Online: The Cases of the UK and Hungary	16
How Governments Ensure the Loyalty of Pro-Government Militias: Evidence from Chechnya	14
The Elusive Promise of “Over-the-Horizon” Counterterrorism	14
Who is “Rustam”: Enablers’ Role in the Islamic State Khorasan’s Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures	13
Conventional Insurgents: Understanding al-Shabaab’s Mass Attacks against African Union Bases in Somalia	13
The Order of Nine Angles: Cosmology, Practice & Movement	12
Under the Radar: Exploring the Salafi-Jihadi Terrorist Information Ecosystem on TikTok	12
“ The Smallest Act You Do in Their Lands is More Beloved to Us than the Biggest Act Done Here”: When Do an Armed Movement’s Transnational Supporters Turn to Terrorism at Home?	12
Maintaining Course or Righting the Ship? Examining Adjustments in Al-Qaeda’s Communicative Approach	11
Exploring the Motivation of the United Kingdom’s Domestic Extremist Informants	11
Examining Online Behaviors of Violent and Non-Violent Right-Wing Extremists During Peak Posting Days	10
The Social Identity Analytical Method: Facilitating Social Science-Based Practitioner Analysis of Violent Substate Conflict	9
Remembering a Road: How One U.S. Development Project Provides Insight into America’s Complicated Legacy in Afghanistan	8
Special Issue on Radical and Militant Islamism in Indonesia	8
“The Road to Jerusalem Goes through Cairo”: Exploring Israel’s Counter-Militancy Efforts against Sinai Peninsula-Based Threats	8
Gender, Agency, and Accountability for ISIS Violence: Public Perspectives from Mosul, Iraq	8
Rebel Recruitment and Governance: Examining the Relationship Between Mobilization Strategies and the Provision of Social Services to Civilians	8
Reviewed Work: Weaponized Words: The Strategic Role of Persuasion in Violent Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization by Kurt Braddock	7
Pathways of Foreign Fighters: An in-Depth and Comparative Study Based on Dutch Probation Files	7
Conflict, Corruption, and White-Collar Crime: Understanding Illicit Practices in War-Torn Areas	7

Counterproductive Counterinsurgents: The Link Between Military Politicization and Counterinsurgency Effectiveness	6
The Ideological Indoctrination through ISIS Textbooks	6
Is the U.S. Heading for a Civil War? Scenarios for 2024-25	6
Women in Militant Movements: The Role of the State in Driving Recruitment	6
Reassessing Core Perceptions of Evolving Threats Following the October 7th Attacks	6
Online and Social Media News Usage, Conspiratorial Attitudes and Fear of Terrorism	6
What Do Overrepresented and Underrepresented Groups Tell Us About Risks for Involvement in Islamist Extremism?	6
Beyond “Leaderless Resistance”? Toward a Typology for White Supremacist Extremist Leadership	5
We Protect Us: Cyber Persistent Digital Antifascism and Dual Use Knowledge	5
How Do Offender Ideology and Offense Severity Impact Punitive Attitudes Toward Politically Motivated Offenders in the U.S.?	5
Foreign Military Aid, War-Induced Economy, and Terrorism in Afghanistan	5
Time to Bear Arms: An Exploration of Time Suspensions Between Lone Mass Shooting Attacks in the US and When the Perpetrator Acquired Their Weapons	4
Is He /ourguy/, a False Flag, or Something Else? Debating Breivik’s and Tarrant’s Terrorism on 4chan’s /pol/ Board	4
Blended Legacies : Vietnamese and Other Foreign Influences on the FARC-EP	4
Warscapes and Reticulating Inhumanities: Ethnographic Lessons from Shia Militancy	4
Assessing Evaluative Practice in Protective Security	4
Developing a Responsive Regulatory Approach to Online Terrorist Content on Tech Platforms	4
Postage Stamps as Political and Religious Propaganda: The Case of Hamas	4
“Among the World’s Most Powerful”: Analyzing the Evolution of Iran’s Cyber Espionage, Disruption, and Information Operations Capabilities	4
The Strategic Origins of Hamas’s October 7 Attack	4
Moral Policing of Gender Norms: Honor-Based Violence as a Mobilizing Factor Towards Militant Islamism	4
The Effects of Social Media, Elites, and Political Polarization on Civil Conflict	4
Countering the Financing of Terrorists’ Salaries	3
Militant Animal Rights Activity: Terrorism, Extremism or Something Else?	3
The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Terrorism: A Systematic Review of the Literature	3
Counter-Terrorism: The Risk of Performativity in Big Data-Based Mass Surveillance	3
Confluences of War and Crime: Trajectories into Paramilitary Groups in Colombia	3
Pathways Out of Violent Extremism: A Qualitative Analysis of Push and Pull Factors	3
Radicalization Discourse: Consensus Points, Evidence Base and Blind Spots	3
Community, More than Conviction: Understanding Radicalisation Factors for Young People in Australia	3
Socio-Semantic Network Analysis for Extremist and Terrorist Online Ecosystems	3
From Control to Conflict: A Spectrum and Framework for Understanding Government-Militia Relationships	3
Red Pill Stories: British Neo-Nazis’ Narratives of Radicalization	3
TamTam: The Online Drums of Hate	3
Risk of Romani Radicalization in the Balkans: Freeing the Shackles of a Marginalized Identity	3
3D-Printed Firearms: Global Proliferation Trends and Analyses	3
The False Promise of Foreign Fighters: The Effect of Somali Foreign Fighters on Civilian Victimization	3
Spurious Correlations in Terrorism Studies	3
From Democratic Resistance to Hostility against a “Covid-Regime” – Conspiracy Theories as Cross-Milieu Catalysts of Radicalization	3
The Benefits and Challenges of Classroom-Based Surveys for the Study of Radicalization and Extremism among Adolescents	3
Outsourcing Terror: How the Islamic State Tried to Spread Terrorism to Neighboring Jordan	3
Data Collection in Online Terrorism and Extremism Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions	3
Hardship is Part of Jihad: ISIS-Affiliated Women in the Al-Hol Camp Dealing with Military Defeat Through Social Media “Prison Writings”	3
Textual Messaging of ISIS’s al-Naba and the Context Drivers That Correspond to Strategic Changes	3
The Wagner Group in Africa: Russia’s Quasi-State Agent of Influence	3
A Target-Centric Approach to Distinguishing Between Terrorism and Guerrilla Warfare	3
Beyond Overt Extremism: Borderline Content, Cultural Narratives and the Normalization of the Far-Right Online	3
The Crime-Terror Nexus and the Illicit Trade in Drugs	3
Ulsterisation vs De-Baathification: Precedents in Local Security During Counterinsurgency	3
Eco-Fascism Online: Conceptualizing Far-Right Actors’ Response to Climate Change on Stormfront	3

Is There a Language of Terrorists? A Comparative Manifesto Analysis	2
Threats at Event Spaces in the United States: Comparing and Contrasting Completed Versus Failed or Foiled Plots	2
The Islamic State’s Visions of Political Community and Statehood and Their Articulation Vis-à-Vis Nationalism	2
Palestinian Lone Assailants, 2015–2023: Suicide, Legitimacy Communities and Duped Attackers	2
Terrorist Targeting and Decision-Making: A Red Team Approach	2
Recommendations for Assessing Vulnerabilities in Soft Targets and Crowded Places	2
Nonviolent Criminal Radicalization in the Community: Understanding Identity Factors Shaping Far-Right Extremism	2
The Evolution of Far-Right Terrorist Tactics and Targeting	2
Message, Medium and Moment: Historical Techniques and Modern Contexts of Conspiracy Theories	2
From Black to White Flags: The Resurgence of Extremist Groups in Post-ISIS Iraq	2
Violent Extremism in Bima, Indonesia: Radical Milieu and Peacebuilding Efforts	2
An Exploratory Thematic Analysis of the Decision Challenges Faced by Emergency Responders During the 2017 Manchester Arena Attack	2
The Ideology That Binds Us: Homophily in Ideology and Terrorists Collaborations	2
Barriers to Recognizing and Reporting Radicalization: Insights from Family Members	2
Anatomy of Terrorist Cells: A Critical Examination and Identified Gaps in Current Research	2
State Legitimacy and Counterinsurgency: A Comparative Perspective	2
The “Disaster Business”: Natural Disasters and Human Trafficking	2
Networks, Marriage, and Socioeconomics: Comparing the Men and Women of the Islamic State	2
Gaza’s Subterranean Warfare: Palestinian Resistance Tunnels vs. Israel’s Military Strategy	2
Vampire Cities? How Corruption Impacts the Risk of Urban Terrorism in Low-Income Countries	2
Down the “Rabbit Hole” of Conspiracy-Fueled White Nationalism: Linking Outgroup Threat and Uncertainty to Conspiracy Beliefs and Prejudice Toward Immigrants	2
The Role of Financial Technologies in US-Based ISIS Terror Plots	2
Territorial Control and the Militarization of Violent Non-State Actors: Transformation, Opportunities, and Vulnerabilities	2
The Impact of Diasporas on the Tactics of Rebel Groups: The Case of the IRA and Noraid	2
Statement of Retraction: Trends in Terrorism Research and Publications (2010–2023): A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Authorship, Thematic and Methodological Shifts	2
From Mobilization to Annihilation: The Strategic Logics of Bioterrorism	2
The Growth of Narco-Terrorism in Mexico: Expanding The Counternarcotic Strategy with Foreign Terrorist Designation	2
The Nearest Enemy: How Fragmentation and Localization Are Unraveling Transnational Jihadism	2
Moral Identity and Its Implications for Terrorist Rehabilitation	2
Discussing Terrorism in the Classroom – Adopting an Empathizing and Historical Perspective: A Research Note	2
The Gig Economy: A New Lens for Understanding Domestic Violent Extremism	2
Foreign Fighters and Rebel Fragmentation	1
Exiting the Manosphere. A Gendered Analysis of Radicalization, Diversion and Deradicalization Narratives from r/IncelExit and r/Ex	1
Influences of Islamist Radicalization: A Configurational Analysis of Balkan Foreign Fighters in Syria	1
How Hamas Fights: Hybrid Defence and Combat Effectiveness in Gaza	1
Fighting against Jihad? Blood Revenge and Anti-Insurgent Mobilization in Jihadist Civil Wars	1
Understanding Qatar’s Relationship with Hamas: A Critical Exploration of State Sponsored Terrorism	1
When Transnationalism is not Global: Dynamics of Armed Transnational Shi‘a Islamist Groups	1
The October 7, 2023 Attacks and the Maturation of Terrorism Studies	1
The Intersection between Islamic Populism and Radicalism in Indonesia: The Rise and Fall of Aksi Bela Islam Movement	1
Community Legitimisation of Irish Republican Paramilitarism in Belfast: A Criminological Understanding	1
Radical Feminist Rhetoric and Terrorism: The May 19th Communist Organization	1
The Other Dark Side of Pro-Government Militias: Deterring Nonviolent Action and Spoiling Prospects for Peace During Civil Wars	1
Chechen Combat Units in Ukraine: A Displaced Insurgency	1
The Unintended Consequences of the Removal of Terrorist Content and the Case of Bitchute	1
Rebel Diplomacy: Syrian Democratic Forces’ Strategies to Secure US Support	1
A Front Row Seat at the End of History: In Memoriam David Martin Jones	1
“The Non-Combatant on the ‘Front Line’: British Servicewomen During the Troubles in Northern Ireland”	1
Jihad and Heroic Hypermasculinity – Recruitment Strategies, Battlefield Experiences, and Returning Home	1
Safety-Level Victories for Democratic States in Warfare Against Hybrid Non-State Terror Actors	1
White Warriors and Weak Women: Identifying Central Discourses of Masculinity in Neo-Nazi Telegram Channels	1
Rights and Values in Counter-Terrorism Online	1
Nervos Belli or Economic Resources as Determinants of Terrorist Activity: The Case of ETA (1967–2010)	1
Why Jihadis Switch: Social Ties, Ideological Affinity and Opportunity	1
The New EU Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism: A Paradigm Shift in EU Efforts to Combat Terrorist Financing?	1
Negotiating Fundamental Rights: Civil Society and the EU Regulation on Addressing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online	1
Introduction to Special Issue: The Practicalities and Complexities of (Regulating) Online Terrorist Content Moderation	1
Practices and Needs in Reintegration Programs for Violent Extremist Offenders in the United States: The Probation Officer Perspective	1
In Memorium—Peter Chalk, October 16, 1967–June 20, 2025	1
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Trends in Terrorism Research and Publications (2010–2023): A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Authorship, Thematic and Methodological Shifts	1
Five Things We Need to Learn About Incel Extremism: Issues, Challenges and Avenues for Fresh Research	1
More Than Bargaining Chips: How Jabhat Al-Nusra and Islamic State Kidnapped and Used Hostages in Lebanon	1
German Sovereign Citizens in the Fight Against the “Deep State”: The Adoption of QAnon Narratives in Germany	1
Virtual and Physical Realities: Violent Extremists’ Recruitment of Individuals Associated with the US Military	1
Legitimizing the Prohibited: Interactive Framing Processes in Intra-Jihadi Violence in Syria	1
Dead Sheep Tell No Tales: Aum Shinrikyo’s Alleged Sarin Tests in Australia Never Happened	1
Nothing in Common? Analysis of Moral, Psychological, and Social Factors in the Identity Construction of Far-Right and Violent Jihadi Extremists	1
Food, Terrorism, and the Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab Insurgencies	1
Jihadism and Counter-Terrorism Strategy in African Countries	1
GIFCT Tech Trials: Combining Behavioural Signals to Surface Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online	1
Between Containment and Degrading: Tracing U.S. Policy toward Africa through Strategic Transformations in AFRICOM’s Counter-Terrorism Approach	1
Correction	1
Keeping the Ex-Enemy Close but Not in My Backyard: Community Receptivity to the Reintegration of Deradicalized Terrorists in Nigeria	1