OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Studies in Conflict & Terrorism is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-02-01 to 2025-02-01.)

Article	Citations
A Front Row Seat at the End of History: In Memoriam David Martin Jones	25
From Mobilization to Annihilation: The Strategic Logics of Bioterrorism	23
We Protect Us: Cyber Persistent Digital Antifascism and Dual Use Knowledge	14
Using Agent Based Modelling to Advance Evaluation Research in Radicalization and Recruitment to Terrorism: Prospects and Problems	13
Debates and Controversies over the Legitimacy of “Internet Sources” in Scholarship on Jihadism: The Online Dimension in the Persistence of the “Al-Qaeda Narrative” in Boko Haram Studies	11
Disengaging from Left-Wing Terrorism and Extremism: Field Experiences from Germany and Research Gaps	10
How Do Offender Ideology and Offense Severity Impact Punitive Attitudes Toward Politically Motivated Offenders in the U.S.?	10
Transnational Jihad as a Bundled Conflict-Constellation	9
Examining the Outcome of Investigations and Prosecutions of Extremism in the United States	8
Siege: “Sheer Political Terror”	8
From Spiral to Stasis? United Kingdom Counter-Terrorism Legislation and Extreme Right-Wing Terrorism	8
Artificial Intelligence as a Terrorism Enabler? Understanding the Potential Impact of Chatbots and Image Generators on Online Terrorist Activities	7
Discussing Terrorism in the Classroom – Adopting an Empathizing and Historical Perspective: A Research Note	7
The ONA Network and the Transnationalization of Neo-Nazi-Satanism	7
Inter-Secular Party Competition and the (Non-)Formation of Salafi-Jihadist Milieus: Evidence from Tanzania and Kenya	7
Down the “Rabbit Hole” of Conspiracy-Fueled White Nationalism: Linking Outgroup Threat and Uncertainty to Conspiracy Beliefs and Prejudice Toward Immigrants	7
A Mixed Methods Exploration of the Relationship between Target Hardening and Differential Terrorist Attack Outcomes	7
Violent Extremism in Bima, Indonesia: Radical Milieu and Peacebuilding Efforts	7
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Catalyst or Complication for Bioterrorism?	7
Listening to the “Voice of Islam”: The Turkestan Islamic Party’s Online Propaganda Strategy	6
Too Close for Comfort: Cyber Terrorism and Information Security across National Policies and International Diplomacy	6
How War in Yemen Transformed the Iran-Houthi Partnership	6
Investigating the Influence of Islamic State’s Discourse in Jordan	6
Complexity, Lethality, and the Perverse Imagination: Modelling Nonstate Actors’ Means of Attack	6
State Accompli: The Political Consolidation of the Islamic State Prior to the Caliphate	6

Jihadist Ideological Conflict and Local Governance in Mali	6
Keeping the Ex-Enemy Close but Not in My Backyard	6
Financing of Non-State Armed Groups in the Middle East: Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) as a Case Study	6
Setting the Strategic Cat among the Policy Pigeons: The Problems and Paradoxes of Western Intervention Strategy	6
Female Combatants and Durability of Civil War	5
The Trouble with Numbers: Difficult Decision Making in Identifying Right-Wing Terrorism Cases. An Investigative Look at Open Source Social Scientific and Legal Data	5
Fragile States, Technological Capacity, and Increased Terrorist Activity	5
Willingness to Engage in Religious Collective Action: The Role of Group Identification and Identity Fusion	4
Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Largescale Comparative Analysis of Extreme Right and Jihadi Online Text(s)	4
Looking for Individual-Level Evidence for the Ethnic Security Dilemma Revisited: A Study of Balochistan	4
Contested Victimhood: (Un)Courting Victims of Terrorism in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict	4
Beyond Healthy Skepticism: Exploring German News Media Framing of Terrorism-Affiliated Women Returnees	4
The Model Muslim Minority: Wasatiyah (Justly-Balanced) as a Counter-Ideology Tool in Singapore	4
Composite Violent Extremism: Conceptualizing Attackers Who Increasingly Challenge Traditional Categories of Terrorism	4
Supply and Demand: Drivers of Women Non-Combat Participation in Rebel Groups	4
The Role of Socioeconomic Marginalization in the Radicalization of Jihadi Foreign Fighters from Europe	3
A Framework for Explaining National P/CVE Programs: A Case Study of Kazakhstan	3
Fighting over International Legitimacy: Testing Israel’s Image War Strategies During the 2023–24 War Between Hamas and Israel	3
Influences of Islamist Radicalization: A Configurational Analysis of Balkan Foreign Fighters in Syria	3
Policing of the Far-Right Online: The Cases of the UK and Hungary	3
Is He /ourguy/, a False Flag, or Something Else? Debating Breivik’s and Tarrant’s Terrorism on 4chan’s /pol/ Board	3
Foreshadowing Terror: Exploring the Time of Online Manifestos Prior to Lone Wolf Attacks	3
Conventional Insurgents: Understanding al-Shabaab’s Mass Attacks against African Union Bases in Somalia	3
Blueprints for Red Insurgencies: Revolutionary Ideology and Strategy in India and Colombia	3
Counterterrorism and Modern White Supremacy	3
And the Last Straw Falls: The Cumulative Influence of Disillusionment among Former Viet Cong Insurgents	3
Violent and Nonviolent Strategies of Terrorist Organizations: How Do Mixed Strategies Influence Terrorist Recruitment and Lethality?	3
Nobody More Terrible than the Desperate: Conflict Conditions and Rebel Demand for Foreign Fighters	3
Fight or Hide: Why Organized Criminal Groups Go to War with the State	3
Developing a Responsive Regulatory Approach to Online Terrorist Content on Tech Platforms	3
“ The Smallest Act You Do in Their Lands is More Beloved to Us than the Biggest Act Done Here”: When Do an Armed Movement’s Transnational Supporters Turn to Terrorism at Home?	3
Explaining the Rise of Antisemitism in the United States	3
Social Cohesion and Collective Violence: Latent Variable Approach to Explaining Riots in East Jerusalem	3
The Islamic State’s Visions of Political Community and Statehood and Their Articulation Vis-à-Vis Nationalism	3
Assessing Evaluative Practice in Protective Security	3
Barriers to Entry to Jihadist Activism on the Internet	3
The Ideology That Binds Us: Homophily in Ideology and Terrorists Collaborations	3
Masculinities and Disengagement from Jihadi Networks: The Case of Indonesian Militant Islamists	2
Strengths and Weaknesses of Using Register Data to Study Extremism and Terrorism	2
Primed for Violence: Intrareligious Conflict and the State in Sectarian Societies	2
Beyond “Leaderless Resistance”? Toward a Typology for White Supremacist Extremist Leadership	2
The Elusive Promise of “Over-the-Horizon” Counterterrorism	2
An Empirical Assessment of China’s Counterterrorism Efforts and Securitization of Turkic Muslims	2
Indonesian Jihadi Training Camps: Home and Away	2
Moral Policing of Gender Norms: Honor-Based Violence as a Mobilizing Factor Towards Militant Islamism	2
The Wagner Group in Africa: Russia’s Quasi-State Agent of Influence	2
Lone-Actor Terrorism – A Systematic Literature Review	2
Refugees, Perceived Threat & Domestic Terrorism	2
Blended Legacies : Vietnamese and Other Foreign Influences on the FARC-EP	2
Postage Stamps as Political and Religious Propaganda: The Case of Hamas	2

Understanding PKK, Kurdish Hezbollah and ISIS Recruitment in Southeastern Turkey	2
Social Cleavages and Armed Group Consolidation: The Case of Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan Arab Armed Forces	2
The Order of Nine Angles: Cosmology, Practice & Movement	2
State Legitimacy and Counterinsurgency: A Comparative Perspective	2
Tugging on Superman’s Cape: Why Some Insurgencies Are Targets of Foreign Militaries	2
Bangsamoro Separatism and Classical Counterinsurgency: Reconsidering Revolutionary War in the Southern Philippines	2
How Proximity and Space Matter: Exploring Geographical & Social Contexts of Radicalization in Northern Ireland	2
Palestinian Lone Assailants, 2015–2023: Suicide, Legitimacy Communities and Duped Attackers	2
Warscapes and Reticulating Inhumanities: Ethnographic Lessons from Shia Militancy	2
Mechanisms of 3N Model on Radicalization: Testing the Mediation by Group Identity and Ideology of the Relationship between Need for Significance and Violent Extremism	2
Civil-Military Relations and Civilian Victimization in Civil War	2
The Effects of Social Media, Elites, and Political Polarization on Civil Conflict	2
Time to Bear Arms: An Exploration of Time Suspensions Between Lone Mass Shooting Attacks in the US and When the Perpetrator Acquired Their Weapons	2
Hospital Attacks Since 9/11: An Analysis of Terrorism Targeting Healthcare Facilities and Workers	2
Exploring the Nexus between Armed Groups and the Trafficking and Smuggling of Human Beings in the Central Sahel and Libya	2
The Putative Effect of Identity on Extremist Radicalization: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies	2
Five Decades of Research on Women and Terrorism	2
Violent Islamism and Shame-Inducing Narratives	2
The Constraints Hypothesis: Rethinking Causality in Deradicalisation, Disengagement and Reintegration Pathways. A Complex Systems Perspective	2
Eating, Shitting and Shooting: A Scatological and Culinary Approximation to the Daily Lives of Rebels	2
Terrorism Studies and the Far Right – The State of Play	2
Operation Jungle Fire: The Consolidation of the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy	1
Supreme Men, Subjected Women: Gender Inequality and Violence in Jihadist, Far Right and Male Supremacist Ideologies	1
From Rebelling to Ruling: Insurgent Victory and State Capture in Africa	1
The Relationship between of Moral Injury and Radicalisation: A Systematic Review	1
Understanding the Role of the Internet in the Process of Radicalisation: An Analysis of Convicted Extremists in England and Wales	1
Making Moderate Islam in Indonesia	1
Radicalization Discourse: Consensus Points, Evidence Base and Blind Spots	1
Are Mexican Cartels Terrorists? Why Understanding Resilience and Resistance in Mexico Matters	1
From Democratic Resistance to Hostility against a “Covid-Regime” – Conspiracy Theories as Cross-Milieu Catalysts of Radicalization	1
Jihad and Heroic Hypermasculinity – Recruitment Strategies, Battlefield Experiences, and Returning Home	1
Post-Fordism and the Transformation of Transatlantic Counter-Terrorism	1
Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Societies: Consociationalism in Wonderland and the Northern Ireland Peace Process	1
Choosing Sides in Forever Wars: How Wedge Threats Shape Ideological Alignment in Fragmented Warscapes	1
Negotiating Fundamental Rights: Civil Society and the EU Regulation on Addressing the Dissemination of Terrorist Content Online	1
New Models for Deploying Counterspeech: Measuring Behavioral Change and Sentiment Analysis	1
The Gamification of Mass Violence: Social Factors, Video Game Influence, and Attack Presentation in the Christchurch Mass Shooting and Its Copycats	1
“Frame, Fame and Fear Traps: The Dialectic of Counter-Terrorism Strategic Communication”	1
Consolidation of Nonstate Armed Actors in Fragmented Conflicts: Introducing an Emerging Research Program	1
The False Promise of Foreign Fighters: The Effect of Somali Foreign Fighters on Civilian Victimization	1
“Aren’t You Tired of Talking?” – Priming Men and Women into Violence through Gateway Organizations	1
Examining Online Behaviors of Violent and Non-Violent Right-Wing Extremists During Peak Posting Days	1
“For God, for Tsar and for the Nation: Authenticity in the Russian Imperial Movement’s Propaganda”	1
Innovating to Survive, a Look at How Extremists Adapt to Counterterrorism	1
Insurgent Group Cohesion and the Malleability of ‘Foreignness’: Al-Shabaab’s Relationship with Foreign Fighters	1
Maintaining Course or Righting the Ship? Examining Adjustments in Al-Qaeda’s Communicative Approach	1
Examining Online Indicators of Extremism in Violent Right-Wing Extremist Forums	1
Countering Violent Islamist Extremism in Muslim Mindanao the 4M Way: The Role of Alternative Narratives	1
GIFCT Tech Trials: Combining Behavioural Signals to Surface Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online	1
“It Wasn’t Because of Human Rights:” Exploring the Limited Use of Landmines by Colombian Paramilitary Groups	1
Lethal Words: An Integrated Model of Violent Extremists’ Language	1
Changing Warscapes, Changing Islamists? Religion, Organization, Strategic Context and New Approaches to Armed Islamist Insurgencies	1
The Impact of Diasporas on the Tactics of Rebel Groups: The Case of the IRA and Noraid	1
Special Issue on Radical and Militant Islamism in Indonesia	1
Introduction to Special Issue: The Practicalities and Complexities of (Regulating) Online Terrorist Content Moderation	1
Spurious Correlations in Terrorism Studies	1
Why Jihadis Switch: Social Ties, Ideological Affinity and Opportunity	1
The Intersection between Islamic Populism and Radicalism in Indonesia: The Rise and Fall of Aksi Bela Islam Movement	1
Confluences of War and Crime: Trajectories into Paramilitary Groups in Colombia	1
Operational Convergence or Divergence? Exploring the Influence of Islamic State on Militant Groups in Pakistan	1
A Witch’s Brew of Grievances: The Potential Effects of COVID-19 on Radicalization to Violent Extremism	1
Why Do States Violently Repress Some Political Organizations, but Not Others? Evidence from Ethnopolitical Actors in the Middle East and North Africa	1
Causes of Violent Extremism in Central Asia: The Case of Kazakhstan	1
The Social Identity Analytical Method: Facilitating Social Science-Based Practitioner Analysis of Violent Substate Conflict	1
Does Martialization Contribute to Australia’s Right-Wing Extremism? Implications of an Analysis of the General Social Survey	1
Radical Feminist Rhetoric and Terrorism: The May 19th Communist Organization	1
Gender, Agency, and Accountability for ISIS Violence: Public Perspectives from Mosul, Iraq	1
Exploring the Motivation of the United Kingdom’s Domestic Extremist Informants	1
Is There a Language of Terrorists? A Comparative Manifesto Analysis	1
Community Legitimisation of Irish Republican Paramilitarism in Belfast: A Criminological Understanding	1
The “Lightning” Brigade: Security Force Assistance and the Fight Against al-Shabaab	1
Queering Terrorism	1
How Jihadi Salafists Sometimes Breach, But Mostly Circumvent, Facebook’s Community Standards in Crisis, Identity and Solution Frames	1
From Bombs to Books, and Back Again? Mapping Strategies of Right-Wing Revolutionary Resistance	1
Everyday Religion and Radical Islamism – A Contribution to Theorizing the Role of Religion in Radicalization Studies	1
One of the Boys: On Researching the Far Right as a Woman	1
Characteristics of Incel Forum Users: Social Network Analysis and Chronological Posting Patterns	1
The Role of Financial Technologies in US-Based ISIS Terror Plots	1
A Crime Script Analysis of Violent and Nonviolent Extremists	1