Journal of Mechanical Design

Article	Citations
TopologyGAN: Topology Optimization Using Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Physical Fields Over the Initial Domain	83
Collaborative Robotics: A Survey	77
Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Metaheuristic Design Generation of Non-Trivial Flat-Foldable Origami Tessellations With Degree-4 Vertices	74
A Knowledge Graph-Aided Concept–Knowledge Approach for Evolutionary Smart Product–Service System Development	70
Deep Generative Models in Engineering Design: A Review	59
Designing a Shape–Performance Integrated Digital Twin Based on Multiple Models and Dynamic Data: A Boom Crane Example	51
Hybrid Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gears	45
Design Engineering in the Age of Industry 4.0	43
System Reliability Analysis With Autocorrelated Kriging Predictions	40
Data-Driven Topology Optimization With Multiclass Microstructures Using Latent Variable Gaussian Process	36
Data-Driven Design-By-Analogy: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions	34
PaDGAN: Learning to Generate High-Quality Novel Designs	32
A Parametric Level Set Method for Topology Optimization Based on Deep Neural Network	31
Building a Trustworthy Product-Level Shape-Performance Integrated Digital Twin With Multifidelity Surrogate Model	30
Automated Keyword Filtering in Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Identifying Product Attributes From Online Reviews	30
Design and Error Evaluation of Planar 2DOF Remote Center of Motion Mechanisms With Cable Transmissions	29
Rapid Modeling and Design Optimization of Multi-Topology Lattice Structure Based on Unit-Cell Library	28
Large-Stroke Constant-Force Mechanisms Utilizing Second Buckling Mode of Flexible Beams: Evaluation Metrics and Design Approach	25
A Novel Two-Stage Constant Force Compliant Microgripper	25
Deriving Design Feature Vectors for Patent Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks	25
Approach for Importance–Performance Analysis of Product Attributes From Online Reviews	23
Toward a Digital Twin: Time Series Prediction Based on a Hybrid Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and BO-LSTM Neural Networks	22
Time-Dependent System Reliability Analysis With Second-Order Reliability Method	22
Positioning Accuracy Reliability of Industrial Robots Through Probability and Evidence Theories	22
Investigation of Printing Parameters of Additive Manufacturing Process for Sustainability Using Design of Experiments	21

Gear Root Bending Strength: A Comparison Between Single Tooth Bending Fatigue Tests and Meshing Gears	20
Confidence-Based Design Optimization for a More Conservative Optimum Under Surrogate Model Uncertainty Caused by Gaussian Process	20
A Study on Basis Functions of the Parameterized Level Set Method for Topology Optimization of Continuums	19
METASET: Exploring Shape and Property Spaces for Data-Driven Metamaterials Design	19
Eliciting Attribute-Level User Needs From Online Reviews With Deep Language Models and Information Extraction	19
Investigating a Mixed-Initiative Workflow for Digital Mind-Mapping	18
Design and Kinematics of a Novel Double-Ring Truss Deployable Antenna Mechanism	18
Reconfigurable Robotic System Design With Application to Cleaning and Maintenance	18
An Efficient Batch K-Fold Cross-Validation Voronoi Adaptive Sampling Technique for Global Surrogate Modeling	17
An Agent-Based Model for Adoption of Clean Technology Using the Theory of Planned Behavior	17
Leveraging Task Modularity in Reinforcement Learning for Adaptable Industry 4.0 Automation	17
Generative Design of Bionic Structures Via Concurrent Multiscale Topology Optimization and Conformal Geometry Method	16
Are You Feeling Me? An Exploration of Empathy Development in Engineering Design Education	16
Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Model Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis and Least Squares	16
GANTL: Towards Practical and Real-Time Topology Optimization with Conditional GANs and Transfer Learning	16
Efficient Spot Welding Sequence Optimization in a Geometry Assurance Digital Twin	16
Human Versus Artificial Intelligence: A Data-Driven Approach to Real-Time Process Management During Complex Engineering Design	16
OTL-PEM: An Optimization-Based Two-Layer Pointwise Ensemble of Surrogate Models	15
Data Fusion With Latent Map Gaussian Processes	15
Predicting Sequential Design Decisions Using the Function-Behavior-Structure Design Process Model and Recurrent Neural Networks	15
Extended Dynamic Stiffness Model for Analyzing Flexure-Hinge Mechanisms With Lumped Compliance	14
Zero Torque Compliant Mechanisms Employing Pre-buckled Beams	14
Sequential Radial Basis Function-Based Optimization Method Using Virtual Sample Generation	14
Multi-Objective Redundancy Allocation for Multi-State System Design Under Epistemic Uncertainty of Component States	14
Building a Lightweight Digital Twin of a Crane Boom for Structural Safety Monitoring Based on a Multifidelity Surrogate Model	14
Report on Engineering Design Self-Efficacy and Demographics of Makerspace Participants Across Three Universities	13
Bridging Topological Results and Thin-Walled Frame Structures Considering Manufacturability	13
Mining Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing Via Eye-Tracking Methods and Hidden Markov Modeling	13
A Survey of Modeling and Optimization Methods for Multi-Scale Heterogeneous Lattice Structures	13
Semantic Networks for Engineering Design: State of the Art and Future Directions	13
Design of Deployable Mechanisms Based on Wren Parallel Mechanism Units	13
Knowledge-Based Design Guidance System for Cloud-Based Decision Support in the Design of Complex Engineered Systems	13
Design of Transformable Hinged Ori-Block Dissected from Cylinders and Cones	13
Inverse Design of Two-Dimensional Airfoils Using Conditional Generative Models and Surrogate Log-Likelihoods	13
Approaches for Minimizing Joints in Single-Degree-of-Freedom Origami-Based Mechanisms	13
Analysis of Designer Emotions in Collaborative and Traditional Computer-Aided Design	13
High-Dimensional Reliability Method Accounting for Important and Unimportant Input Variables	12
Generalizability of Convolutional Encoder–Decoder Networks for Aerodynamic Flow-Field Prediction Across Geometric and Physical-Fluidic Variations	12
Toward Reusable Surrogate Models: Graph-Based Transfer Learning on Trusses	12
Biologically Inspired Design Concept Generation Using Generative Pre-Trained Transformers	12
Resource-Constrained Scheduling for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing	12
An LSTM-Based Ensemble Learning Approach for Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis	12
How Should We Measure Creativity in Engineering Design? A Comparison Between Social Science and Engineering Approaches	12
A Sequential Sampling Approach for Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Modeling-Based Robust Design Optimization	12
Scalable Set-Based Design Optimization and Remanufacturing for Meeting Changing Requirements	11
Evidence-Theory-Based Reliability Analysis Through Kriging Surrogate Model	11
Design of Phononic Bandgap Metamaterials Based on Gaussian Mixture Beta Variational Autoencoder and Iterative Model Updating	11
Adding a Detrital Actor to Increase System of System Resilience: A Case Study Test of a Biologically Inspired Design Heuristic to Guide Sociotechnical Network Evolution	11
Multifidelity Data Fusion Based on Gradient-Enhanced Surrogate Modeling Method	11
Simulation-Based Mission Mobility Reliability Analysis of Off-Road Ground Vehicles	11

A Sequential Sampling Generation Method for Multi-Fidelity Model Based on Voronoi Region and Sample Density	10
Design Fixation From Initial Examples: Provided Versus Self-Generated Ideas	10
So You Think Your System Is Complex?: Why and How Existing Complexity Measures Rarely Agree	10
Generative Design: Reframing the Role of the Designer in Early-Stage Design Process	10
Design Strategy Network: A deep hierarchical framework to represent generative design strategies in complex action spaces	10
A Unified Inverse Design and Optimization Workflow for the Miura-oRing Metastructure	10
Special Issue: Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Design	10
A Data-Driven Methodology to Improve Tolerance Allocation Using Product Usage Data	10
Impact of Generational Commonality of Short Life Cycle Products in Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Processes	10
Estimating Effect of Additional Sample on Uncertainty Reduction in Reliability Analysis Using Gaussian Process	10
An Adaptive Dendrite-HDMR Metamodeling Technique for High-Dimensional Problems	10
Motion–Force Interaction Performance Analyses of Redundantly Actuated and Overconstrained Parallel Robots With Closed-Loop Subchains	10
Analyzing Real Options and Flexibility in Engineering Systems Design Using Decision Rules and Deep Reinforcement Learning	10
A Product Architecture-Based Tool for Bioinspired Function-Sharing	10
Simultaneous Packing and Routing Optimization Using Geometric Projection	10
When Faced With Increasing Complexity: The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Drone Design	9
A Quantile-Based SORA Method Using Maximum Entropy Method With Fractional Moments	9
Multi-Model Bayesian Optimization for Simulation-Based Design	9
A Design Methodology for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Configurations With Planetary Gear Sets	9
Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal and Cabin Climate Management Based on Model Predictive Control	9
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Quasi-Static Behavior of Double-Helical Gear Sets	9
An Approach for Geometrically Nonlinear Topology Optimization Using Moving Wide-Bézier Components With Constrained Ends	9
Goal-Directed Design Agents: Integrating Visual Imitation With One-Step Lookahead Optimization for Generative Design	9
Decision-Making Under Uncertainty for a Digital Thread-Enabled Design Process	9
Challenges and Opportunities in Geometric Modeling of Complex Bio-Inspired Three-Dimensional Objects Designed for Additive Manufacturing	9
Design and Analysis of New Haptic Joysticks for Enhancing Operational Skills in Excavator Control	9
Fluid-Thermal Topology Optimization of Gas Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Ducts	9
Revisiting Flexibility in Design: An Analysis of the Impact of Implementation Uncertainty on the Value of Real Options	9
Optimal Modular Remanufactured Product Configuration and Harvesting Planning for End-of-Life Products	9
Impact of Timing in the Design Process on Students’ Application of Design for Additive Manufacturing Heuristics	9
Research on the Influence of Clearance Variation on the Stiffness Fluctuation of Ball Bearing Under Different Operating Conditions	9
An Optimal Architectural Design for Unconventional Modular Reconfigurable Manipulation System	8
Data-Driven Calibration of Multifidelity Multiscale Fracture Models Via Latent Map Gaussian Process	8
Only as Strong as the Strongest Link: The Relative Contribution of Individual Team Member Proficiency in Configuration Design	8
A Predictive and Generative Design Approach for Three-Dimensional Mesh Shapes Using Target-Embedding Variational Autoencoder	8
Evolutionary Gaussian Processes	8
Lattice Structure Optimization With Orientation-Dependent Material Properties	8
Are Two Heads Better Than One for Computer-Aided Design?	8
On the Ensemble of Surrogate Models by Minimum Screening Index	8
Bone Adaptation-Driven Design of Periodic Scaffolds	8
Scalable Fully Bayesian Gaussian Process Modeling and Calibration With Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo for Industrial Applications	8
Topology Optimization of Linkage Mechanisms Simultaneously Considering Both Kinematic and Compliance Characteristics	8
Enhancing Creative Redesign Through Multimodal Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing	8
A Synergy-Based Approach for the Design of a Lower-Limb, Cable-Driven Exosuit	8
The Improved DLR Wrist: Design and Analysis of 2-Degrees-of-Freedom Rotational Mechanism Using Spatial Antiparallelogram Linkages	8
An Experimental Evaluation of High-Cycle Gear Tooth Bending Fatigue Lives Under Fully Reversed and Fully Released Loading Conditions With Application to Planetary Gear Sets	8
Phrase Embedding and Clustering for Sub-Feature Extraction From Online Data	8
Investigation of Parameter Spaces for Topology Optimization With Three-Dimensional Orientation Fields for Multi-Axis Additive Manufacturing	8
Lost in Translation: Examining the Complex Relationship Between Prototyping and Communication	8
A Large Range Compliant Nano-Manipulator Supporting Electron Beam Lithography	8
Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing: Leveraging Crowdsourced Design Repositories	8
Toward a Theory of Systems Engineering	8
Shaping Pedestrians’ Trust in Autonomous Vehicles: An Effect of Communication Style, Speed Information, and Adaptive Strategy	8
Novel Design of a Rotation Center Auto-Matched Ankle Rehabilitation Exoskeleton With Decoupled Control Capacity	8
Designing an Optimal Modular-Based Product Family Under Intellectual Property and Sustainability Considerations	8
Scalable Adaptive Batch Sampling in Simulation-Based Design With Heteroscedastic Noise	8
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Quasi-Static System Level Behavior of Planetary Gear Sets	8
Investigation of a Voronoi Diagram Representation for the Computational Design of Additively Manufactured Discrete Lattice Structures	7
Investigating Information: A Qualitative Analysis of Expert Designers’ Information Representation and Structuring Behaviors	7
Hierarchical Control Co-Design Using a Model Fidelity-Based Decomposition Framework	7
Reliability-Informed Life Cycle Warranty Cost and Life Cycle Analysis of Newly Manufactured and Remanufactured Units	7
A Safety Factor Method for Reliability-Based Component Design	7
Variational Level Set Method for Topology Optimization of Origami Fold Patterns	7
Application of the Bilateral Filter for the Reconstruction of Spiral Bevel Gear Tooth Surfaces From Point Clouds	7
Optimum Design and Trafficability Analysis for an Articulated Wheel-Legged Forestry Chassis	7
Optimization-Based Disassembly Sequence Planning Under Uncertainty for Human–Robot Collaboration	7
RANGE-GAN: Design Synthesis Under Constraints Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks	7
Optimizing Topology and Fiber Orientations With Minimum Length Scale Control in Laminated Composites	7
Design, analysis and test of a novel cylinder-driven mode applied to microgripper	7
Static and Dynamic Compliance Analyses of Curved-Axis Flexure Hinges: A Discrete Beam Transfer Matrix	7
Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Novel Deployable Antenna Mechanism for Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellites	7
A Framework for Designing the Customer-Order Decoupling Point to Facilitate Mass Customization	7
A Novel Planetary Thread Roller Bearing: Design and Analysis of Load Characteristic	7
Study on Building Digital-Twin of Face-Milled Hypoid Gear From Measured Tooth Surface Topographical Data	7
Conceptualizing Stable States in Origami-Based Devices Using an Energy Visualization Approach	7
A Shared Framework of Reference, a First Step Toward Engineers’ and Biologists’ Synergic Reasoning in Biomimetic Design Teams	7
A Novel Classification Method to Random Samples for Efficient Reliability Sensitivity Analysis	7
Neural Network-Assisted Design: A Study of Multiscale Topology Optimization With Smoothly Graded Cellular Structures	6
Reconciling Enumeration Contradictions: Complete List of Baranov Chains With Up to 15 Links With Mathematical Proof	6
A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Approach Using the Weighted Tchebycheff Method	6

BIKED: A Dataset for Computational Bicycle Design with Machine Learning Benchmarks	6
A Comparative Analysis of Information Gathering Meetings Conducted by Novice Design Teams Across Multiple Design Project Stages	6
Force Evaluation of Tendon Routing for Underactuated Grasping	6
Deep Generative Tread Pattern Design Framework for Efficient Conceptual Design	6
An Optimization Framework for the Design of Cable Harness Layouts in Planar Interconnected Systems	6
G-Lattices: A Novel Lattice Structure and Its Generative Synthesis Under Additive Manufacturing Constraints	6
ERGO: A New Robust Design Optimization Technique Combining Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization With Analytical Uncertainty Quantification	6
An Efficient Uncertainty Propagation Analysis Method for Problems Involving Non-Parameterized Probability-Boxes	6
Multiphysics Design Optimization via Generative Adversarial Networks	6
Factors Impacting Highly Innovative Designs: Idea Fluency, Timing, and Order	6
Estimation of Small Failure Probability Based on Adaptive Subset Simulation and Deep Neural Network	6
Social Network Word-of-Mouth Integrated Into Agent-Based Design for Market Systems Modeling	6
A Study on the Mechanisms of Change Propagation in Mechanical Design	6
A Novel Two-Layer and Two-Loop Deployable Linkage With Accurate Vertical Straight-Line Motion	6
Assembly Variation Analysis of Incompletely Positioned Macpherson Suspension Systems Considering Vehicle Load Change	6
An Articulated Robotic Forceps Design With a Parallel Wrist-Gripper Mechanism and Parasitic Motion Compensation	6
Development of an Automated Mass-Customization Pipeline for Knee Replacement Surgery Using Biplanar X-Rays	6
Deep Learning Methods of Cross-Modal Tasks for Conceptual Design of Product Shapes: A Review	6
An Integrated Surrogate Modeling Method for Fusing Noisy and Noise-Free Data	6
The Dark Side of Modularity: How Decomposing Problems can Increase System Complexity	6
Building Block Synthesis of Self-Supported Three-Dimensional Compliant Elements for Metallic Additive Manufacturing	6
The Evolution and Impact of Human Confidence in Artificial Intelligence and in Themselves on AI-Assisted Decision-Making in Design	6
Exploring the Effectiveness of Providing Structured Design-for-the-Environment Strategies During Conceptual Design	6
An Approach to Bayesian Optimization for Design Feasibility Check on Discontinuous Black-Box Functions	6
Multi-Objective Optimal Design of a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot Based on an Adaptive Adjustment Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm	6
Out in the Field Versus Inside in the Lab: A Comparison of Design Professionals’ Concept Screening Practices	6
Time-Dependent System Kinematic Reliability Analysis for Robotic Manipulators	6
Reliability-Based Multivehicle Path Planning Under Uncertainty Using a Bio-Inspired Approach	6
A Reliability-Based Formulation for Simulation-Based Control Co-Design Using Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion	6
A Novel Two-Stage Design Framework for Two-Dimensional Spatial Packing of Interconnected Components	5
Multiobjective Monotonicity Analysis: Pareto Set Dependency and Trade-Offs Causality in Configuration Design	5
Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of a Hybrid Driven Knee-Ankle Orthosis With Shape Memory Alloy Actuators	5
Decentralized and Centralized Planning for Multi-Robot Additive Manufacturing	5
Topology Optimization of Multimaterial Thermoelectric Structures	5
A Novel Design of Torsion Spring-Connected Nonlinear Stiffness Actuator Based on Cam Mechanism	5
Combining Direct and Indirect User Data for Calculating Social Impact Indicators of Products in Developing Countries	5
Leveraging End-User Data for Enhanced Design Concept Evaluation: A Multimodal Deep Regression Model	5
Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Topology Optimization of Variable-Axial Lightweight Composite Structures	5
Inverse Design Framework With Invertible Neural Networks for Passive Vibration Suppression in Phononic Structures	5
Low-Cycle Fatigue Lifetime Estimation and Predictive Maintenance for a Gas Turbine Compressor Vane Carrier Under Varying Operating Conditions	5
Mitigating Design Fixation: A Visualization Tool for Enhancing Situation Awareness	5
Co-Design of the Morphology and Actuation of Soft Robots for Locomotion	5
Design of Digital Twin Sensing Strategies Via Predictive Modeling and Interpretable Machine Learning	5
Fault-Tolerant Control of Programmable Logic Controller-Based Production Systems With Deep Reinforcement Learning	5
Online Data-Driven Prediction of Spatio-Temporal System Behavior Using High-Fidelity Simulations and Sparse Sensor Measurements	5
Design and Analysis of a Three-Fingered Deployable Metamorphic Robotic Grasper	5
Optimum Design for a New Reconfigurable Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot Based on Virtual Equivalent Parallel Mechanism	5
The Mechanical Efficiency of Harmonic Drives: A Simplified Model	5
Manipulating Users’ Trust of Autonomous Products With Affective Priming	5
Embedded Actuation for Shape-Adaptive Origami	5
Descriptor Aided Bayesian Optimization for Many-Level Qualitative Variables With Materials Design Applications	5
Design Ideation Through Speculative Fiction: Foundational Principles and Exploratory Study	5
srMO-BO-3GP: A sequential regularized multi-objective Bayesian optimization for constrained design applications using an uncertain Pareto classifier	5
A Compact Mirror-Symmetrical XY Compliant Parallel Manipulator for Minimizing Parasitic Rotations	5
Structured to Succeed? Strategy Dynamics in Engineering Systems Design and Their Effect on Collective Performance	5
Integrating Sequence Learning and Game Theory to Predict Design Decisions Under Competition	5
Design of an Origami Bendy Straw for Robotic Multistable Structures	5
Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Model Spatial Grammars for Design Creation	5
Predicting Design Performance Utilizing Automated Topic Discovery	5
A Novel Modular Approach for Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of Planar Hybrid Manipulators	5
Artificial Intelligence Design for Ship Structures: A Variant Multiple-Input Neural Network-Based Ship Resistance Prediction	5
Scalable Gaussian Processes for Data-Driven Design Using Big Data With Categorical Factors	5
Design of a Tensegrity Servo-Actuated Structure for Civil Applications	4
Positioning Accuracy Reliability Analysis of Industrial Robots Considering Epistemic Uncertainty and Correlation	4
Design of Contact-Aided Compliant Flexure Hinge Mechanism Using Superelastic Nitinol	4
Effects of Robust Convex Optimization on Early-Stage Design Space Exploratory Behavior	4
A New Methodology for Multistage Multispeed Planetary Transmission Design Based on Geometry	4
Systematic Review and Classification of the Engineering for Global Development Literature Based on Design Tools and Methods for Social Impact Consideration	4
Geometry-Based Thick Origami Simulation	4
Probabilistic Digital Twin for Additive Manufacturing Process Design and Control	4
The Influence of Process Management: Uncovering the Impact of Real-Time Managerial Interventions via a Topic Modeling Approach	4
A Flow Information-Based Prediction Model Applied to the Nonaxisymmetric Hub Optimization of a Centrifugal Impeller	4
Time- and Space-Dependent Reliability-Based Design With Envelope Method	4
Toward Holistic Design of Spatial Packaging of Interconnected Systems With Physical Interactions (SPI2)	4
Inverse Aerodynamic Design of Gas Turbine Blades using Probabilistic Machine Learning	4
A Scalable Digital Twin Framework Based on a Novel Adaptive Ensemble Surrogate Model	4
Design of Bionic Foldable Wing Mimicking the Hind Wings of theC. BuquetiBamboo Weevil	4
Decentralized Multisubsystem Co-Design Optimization Using Direct Collocation and Decomposition-Based Methods	4
Optimized Design of Multi-Material Cellular Structures by a Level-Set Method With Guyan Reduction	4
A Model-Based Method for System Reconfiguration	4
Mechanical Structural Interference Detection for Dedicated Hybrid Transmissions	4
Incorporating Contextual Factors Into Engineering Design Processes: An Analysis of Novice Practice	4
Investigation of Viability to Replace Draft Animals With All-Wheel-Drive Motorcycles on Small Farms	4
Mode-Pursuing Sampling Method Using Discriminative Coordinate Perturbation for High-Dimensional Expensive Black-Box Optimization	4
Fostering Function-Sharing Using Bioinspired Product Architecture	4
Design Variety Measurement Using Sharma–Mittal Entropy	4
Finding Social Networks Among Online Reviewers for Customer Segmentation	4
What Is the Relationship Between Psychological Safety and Team Productivity and Effectiveness During Concept Development? An Exploration in Engineering Design Education	4
A Novel Approach to Configuration Redesign: Using Multiobjective Monotonicity Analysis to Alter the Pareto Set	4
A New Framework for Efficient Sequential Sampling-Based RBDO Using Space Mapping	4
Configuration Design and Screening of Multi-Mode Double-Planetary-Gears Hybrid Powertrains	4
Framing and Tracing Human-Centered Design Teams’ Method Selection: An Examination of Decision-Making Strategies	4
Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping	4
Sequential Sampling Framework for Metamodeling Uncertainty Reduction in Multilevel Optimization of Hierarchical Systems	4
Prototyping Human-Centered Products in the Age of Industry 4.0	4