Epidemiology

Article	Citations
CMAverse: A Suite of Functions for Reproducible Causal Mediation Analyses	116
Is Cohort Representativeness Passé? Poststratified Associations of Lifestyle Risk Factors with Mortality in the UK Biobank	106
Theoretical Framework for Retrospective Studies of the Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines	89
Rapid Review of Social Contact Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic	73
Estimating the Unknown	60
Estimating the Cumulative Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Infection Fatality Ratio in Light of Waning Antibodies	59
Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects	56
Effects of Hot Nights on Mortality in Southern Europe	55
Meaningful Causal Decompositions in Health Equity Research	44
Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components	43
Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence, Recurrence, and Survival by Education and Comorbidity: A Swedish Register-based Study	40
Machine Learning for Causal Inference: On the Use of Cross-fit Estimators	40
The Case Time Series Design	37
To Adjust or Not to Adjust? When a “Confounder” Is Only Measured After Exposure	36
Validation of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy: ICD-10 Codes in a High-burden Southeastern United States Hospital	34
Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults	33
Describing Intersectional Health Outcomes	29
Identification and Validation of Anaphylaxis Using Electronic Health Data in a Population-based Setting	28
Detecting Heterogeneity of Intervention Effects Using Analysis and Meta-analysis of Differences in Variance Between Trial Arms	28
The Importance of Making Assumptions in Bias Analysis	27
Regression Discontinuity Designs in Health	27
Insights into the Cross-world Independence Assumption of Causal Mediation Analysis	26
Prenatal Opioid Analgesics and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes	25
Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Attributable Risk of Kidney Diseases	24
Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes	23

Clinical Trial Emulation by Matching Time-dependent Propensity Scores	23
On the Nature of Informative Presence Bias in Analyses of Electronic Health Records	23
Constructed Measures and Causal Inference	22
Combining Urinary Biomarker Data From Studies With Different Measures of Urinary Dilution	22
An Aggregated Comorbidity Measure Based on History of Filled Drug Prescriptions: Development and Evaluation in Two Separate Cohorts	21
Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort	21
Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Mortality for the Older Population: Effect Modification by Residential Greenness	21
Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010	21
The Serpent of Their Agonies	20
Log-transformation of Independent Variables: Must We?	20
The Case for Case–Cohort	20
Weight Change and the Onset of Cardiovascular Diseases: Emulating Trials Using Electronic Health Records	20
Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy with Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	19
Multiple-bias Sensitivity Analysis Using Bounds	19
Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes During Pregnancy in a Large, Public Hospital	19
A Multipollutant Approach to Estimating Causal Effects of Air Pollution Mixtures on Overall Mortality in a Large, Prospective Cohort	19
Revisiting Overadjustment Bias	19
An Alternative Perspective on the Robust Poisson Method for Estimating Risk or Prevalence Ratios	18
Deep Learning-based Propensity Scores for Confounding Control in Comparative Effectiveness Research	18
A Flexible Statistical Framework for Estimating Excess Mortality	18
Representativeness Is Not Representative	18
A Trial Emulation Approach for Policy Evaluations with Group-level Longitudinal Data	17
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to 7 Years of Age	16
The Use of Time to Pregnancy for Estimating and Monitoring Human Fecundity From Demographic and Health Surveys	16
Helped into Harm	16
Fetal Growth Trajectories Among Small for Gestational Age Babies and Child Neurodevelopment	15
Mendelian Randomization With Repeated Measures of a Time-varying Exposure	15
Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure	15
Spatiotemporal Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths by Race for Counties in Ohio	15
Positive Predictive Value of Sarcoidosis Identified in an Administrative Healthcare Registry: A Validation Study	15
A New Approach for Classifying Fetal Growth Restriction	14
The Role of Cooling Centers in Protecting Vulnerable Individuals from Extreme Heat	14
Trends from 2008 to 2018 in Electricity-dependent Durable Medical Equipment Rentals and Sociodemographic Disparities	14
Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Persistent Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Birth Size in a Population-based Cohort of British Girls	14
State-Level Masking Mandates and COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States	14
Estimands and Estimation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design	14
The Target Trial: A Powerful Device Beyond Well-defined Interventions	13
Performance of Multiple Imputation Using Modern Machine Learning Methods in Electronic Health Records Data	13
Explaining the Variance in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors	13
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding	13
Surveillance-to-Diagnostic Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a Large, Urban Campus in Fall 2020	13
Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Childhood Autism-related Outcomes	13
Bans on Cellphone Use While Driving and Traffic Fatalities in the United States	13
Immigrant-Related Policies and the Health Outcomes of Latinx Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review	12
When Effects Cannot be Estimated: Redefining Estimands to Understand the Effects of Naloxone Access Laws	12
Antigen-based Rapid Diagnostic Testing or Alternatives for Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19	12
Gestational Weight Gain and Long-term Maternal Obesity Risk: A Multiple-Bias Analysis	12
Male Preconception Marijuana Use and Spontaneous Abortion	12
Social Distancing and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Potential Early in the Epidemic in Finland	12
Generalized Difference-in-Differences	11

Carceral Amplification of COVID-19: Impacts for Community, Corrections Officer, and Incarcerated Population Risks	11
Statistical Deconvolution for Inference of Infection Time Series	11
Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	11
Estimation of Relative Vaccine Effectiveness in Influenza: A Systematic Review of Methodology	11
Generalizability of Subgroup Effects	11
Poverty, Deprivation, and Mortality Risk Among Women With HIV in the United States	11
The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities	11
The Evolving Usefulness of the Test-negative Design in Studying Risk Factors for COVID-19	11
The Role of Childhood Asthma in Obesity Development	11
Sex- and Type-specific Genital Human Papillomavirus Transmission Rates Between Heterosexual Partners: A Bayesian Reanalysis of the HITCH Cohort	11
Revisiting the g-null Paradox	10
Incremental Propensity Score Effects for Time-fixed Exposures	10
Using the Generalized Synthetic Control Method to Estimate the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Population Health	10
HIV Viremia and Risk of Stroke Among People Living with HIV Who Are Using Antiretroviral Therapy	10
A Congener-specific and Mixture Analysis of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Incident Breast Cancer	10
Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	10
Complexity in Epidemiology and Public Health. Addressing Complex Health Problems Through a Mix of Epidemiologic Methods and Data	10
Causal Effect of Chronic Pain on Mortality Through Opioid Prescriptions: Application of the Front-Door Formula	10
A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Incidence of Uterine Leiomyomata	10
Neighborhood Walkability and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Women	10
Causal Organic Indirect and Direct Effects: Closer to the Original Approach to Mediation Analysis, with a Product Method for Binary Mediators	10
Bounding the Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests, With Application to COVID-19 Antibody Tests	10
A Direct Estimate of the Impact of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 Exposure on Life Expectancy Using Propensity Scores	10
The Prevalent New-user Design for Studies With no Active Comparator: The Example of Statins and Cancer	9
Development and Validation of Algorithms to Estimate Live Birth Gestational Age in Medicaid Analytic eXtract Data	9
A Pharmacoepidemiologic Approach to Evaluate Real-world Effectiveness of Hormonal Contraceptives in the Presence of Drug–drug Interactions	9
Douching and Genital Talc Use: Patterns of Use and Reliability of Self-reported Exposure	9
Incretin-Based Drugs and the Incidence of Prostate Cancer Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	9
Estimating Vaccine Efficacy Against Transmission via Effect on Viral Load	9
Long-term Traffic-related Air Pollutant Exposure and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis in Denmark: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis	9
Recent Changes in the Patterns of Breast Cancer as a Proportion of All Deaths According to Race and Ethnicity	9
Vitamin D Supplement Use and Risk of Breast Cancer by Race-Ethnicity	9
Immunologic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Norovirus Transmission in Daycare and School Outbreaks	9
SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Dynamics in an Isolated US Military Recruit Training Center With Rigorous Prevention Measures	9
Validation of a Claims-based Algorithm to Identify Pregestational Diabetes Among Pregnant Women in the United States	9
Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel	9
Visualizing the (Causal) Effect of a Continuous Variable on a Time-To-Event Outcome	8
A Prospective Cohort Study of Seasonal Variation in Spontaneous Abortion	8
Joint Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants with Hospital Admission of Ischemic Stroke	8
Heat-attributable Mortality in the Summer of 2022 in Spain	8
Effectiveness of Remdesivir Treatment Protocols Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Target Trial Emulation	8
Getting Over TOP	8
Identified Versus Interesting Causal Effects in Fertility Trials and Other Settings With Competing or Truncation Events	8
Statin Initiation and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	8
Instability of Variable-selection Algorithms Used to Identify True Predictors of an Outcome in Intermediate-dimension Epidemiologic Studies	7
The Joint Effects of Depression and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on Suicide Deaths	7
Nearest-Neighbors Matching for Case–Control Study Analyses: Better Risk Factor Identification From a Study of Sporadic Campylobacteriosis in the United States	7
Routine Hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Outperforms State-based Data in Predicting Clinical Burden	7
Thunderstorms, Pollen, and Severe Asthma in a Midwestern, USA, Urban Environment, 2007–2018	7
Integrating Public Health Surveillance and Environmental Data to Model Presence of Histoplasma in the United States	7
Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Associations Between Gestational Chemical Mixtures and Child Neurodevelopment	7
Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	7
Identifiability and Estimation Under the Test-negative Design With Population Controls With the Goal of Identifying Risk and Preventive Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection	7
Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential	7
Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19	7
Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 400,459 Adults	7
Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community	7
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Association of California City and County Cannabis Policies with Cannabis Outlet Densities	7
Emulating Target Trials to Avoid Immortal Time Bias – An Application to Antibiotic Initiation and Preterm Delivery	7
Proof of Concept Example for Use of Simulation to Allow Data Pooling Despite Privacy Restrictions	7
Evaluating Metformin Strategies for Cancer Prevention: A Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Records	7
Validation of ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes for Gestational Age at Birth	7
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Epidemic Potential of Networks of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Two Cities	7
Association Between Medical Diagnoses and Suicide in a Medicaid Beneficiary Population, North Carolina 2014–2017	6
Prescription Opioid Laws and Opioid Dispensing in US Counties	6
The Era of Progress on Gun Mortality: State Gun Regulations and Gun Deaths from 1991 to 2016	6
It May Not All Be Overdiagnosis: The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures in the Thyroid Cancer Incidence Increase	6
Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death: A Review of Methods and Practices	6
Joint Models for Estimating Determinants of Cognitive Decline in the Presence of Survival Bias	6
Are Detailed Behavioral, Psychosocial, and Environmental Variables Necessary to Control for Confounding in Pregnancy Weight Gain Research?	6
Negative Control Exposures: Causal Effect Identifiability and Use in Probabilistic-bias and Bayesian Analyses With Unmeasured Confounders	6
Have Paved Trails and Protected Bike Lanes Led to More Bicycling in Atlanta?: A Generalized Synthetic-Control Analysis	6
Accounting for the Potential of Overdispersion in Estimation of the Time-varying Reproduction Number	6
Concordance of Data About Sex From Electronic Health Records and the National Death Index	5
Social Networks and HIV Care Outcomes in Rural Kenya and Uganda	5
Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Cohort Study With Triangulation	5
Selection of Comparator Group in Observational Drug Safety Studies: Alternatives to the Active Comparator New User Design	5
Transportability Without Positivity: A Synthesis of Statistical and Simulation Modeling	5
Health Outcomes Associated With Clinician-initiated Delivery for Hypertensive Disorders at 34–38 Weeks’ Gestation	5
Risk of Serious Infection With Low-dose Glucocorticoids in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis	5

Community Mitigation Strategies, Mobility, and COVID-19 Incidence Across Three Waves in the United States in 2020	5
Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Timing of Pubertal Development: The California PAH Study	5
Sex Difference in Serious Infections	5
The Joint Effect of Education and Alcohol Use on 100% Alcohol-attributable Hospitalization or Death in Canada	5
Massachusetts Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Estimation Revisited: Comparing a Bayesian Approach to Standard Capture–Recapture Methods	5
Associations of Prenatal First Trimester Essential and Nonessential Metal Mixtures with Body Size and Adiposity in Childhood.	5
Incidence of HPV-related Anogenital Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer in Men With Diabetes Compared With the General Population	5
Changes in Opioid and Benzodiazepine Poisoning Deaths After Cannabis Legalization in the US: A County-level Analysis, 2002–2020	5
Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation	5
A (Flexible) Synthetic Control Method for Count Data and Other Nonnegative Outcomes	5
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	5
Evaluating Potential Impacts of a Preferential Vaccine Recommendation for Adults 65 Years of Age and Older on US Influenza Burden	5
Life-course Psychological Distress and Total Mortality by Middle Age	5
Without Commitment to an Ontology, There Could Be No Causal Inference	5
Heterogeneity in Disparities in Life Expectancy Across US Metropolitan Areas	5
Wildfire Exposure and Health Care Use Among People Who Use Durable Medical Equipment in Southern California	5
Accounting for Misclassification and Selection Bias in Estimating Effectiveness of Self-managed Medication Abortion	4
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis	4
Understanding Variation in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the United States: The Role of Rotavirus Activity and Diagnostic Misclassification	4
Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets	4
Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Two-stream Capture–Recapture Methods in Disease Surveillance	4
Dengue, Severity Paradox, and Socioeconomic Distribution Among Afro-Colombians	4
Medicaid Expansion and Racial–Ethnic and Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases Over 6 Years: A Generalized Synthetic Control Approach	4
Early-life Farm Exposure and Ovarian Reserve in a US Cohort of Women	4
Higher Moments for Optimal Balance Weighting in Causal Estimation	4
Census Tracts Are Not Neighborhoods: Addressing Spatial Misalignment in Studies Examining the Impact of Historical Redlining on Present-day Health Outcomes	4
Differential Employment Quality and Educational Inequities in Mental Health: A Causal Mediation Analysis	4
Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gastroschisis	4
First Episodes of Norovirus and Sapovirus Gastroenteritis Protect Against Subsequent Episodes in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort	4
Mindel C. Sheps: Counted, Dead or Alive	4
Validation of Acute Pancreatitis Among Adults in an Integrated Healthcare System	4
Spatial Errors in Automated Geocoding of Incident Locations in Australian Suicide Mortality Data	4
Environmental Exposures and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Mixture Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study II	4
Union Burying Ground	4
Gestational Diabetes in Twin Versus Singleton Pregnancies With Normal Weight or Overweight Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index	4
Average Causal Effect Estimation Via Instrumental Variables: the No Simultaneous Heterogeneity Assumption	4
Do-search	4
Validation of LexisNexis Accurint in the Georgia Cancer Registry’s Cancer Recurrence and Information Surveillance Program	4
Estimating the Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine Schedules	4
A Graphical Description of Partial Exchangeability	4
Effect Measure Modification by Covariates in Mediation: Extending Regression-based Causal Mediation Analysis	4
Can Ensemble Machine Learning Improve the Accuracy of Severe Maternal Morbidity Screening in a Perinatal Database?	4
Should We Adjust for Season in Time-Series Studies of the Short-Term Association Between Temperature and Mortality?	3
Confounding by Conception Seasonality in Studies of Temperature and Preterm Birth: A Simulation Study	3
Daily Summer Temperatures and Hospitalization for Acute Cardiovascular Events: Impact of Outdoor PM2.5 Oxidative Potential on Observed Associations Across Canada	3
Combining Effect Estimates Across Cohorts and Sufficient Adjustment Sets for Collaborative Research	3
Observed Versus Expected COVID-19 Infections Among National Football League Players During the 2020 Season	3
Leveraging Pathogen Sequence and Contact Tracing Data to Enhance Vaccine Trials in Emerging Epidemics	3
Profile Matching for the Generalization and Personalization of Causal Inferences	3
Silence Is No Longer an Option	3
Ambient Air Quality and Fatal Asthma Exacerbations among Children in North Carolina	3
Prenatal Exposure to Insecticides and Weight Trajectories Among South African Children in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort	3
An Overview of Current Methods for Real-world Applications to Generalize or Transport Clinical Trial Findings to Target Populations of Interest	3
Effects of Recall and Selection Biases on Modeling Cancer Risk From Mobile Phone Use: Results From a Case–Control Simulation Study	3
Neighborhood Deprivation and Neural Tube Defects	3
The Health and Economic Benefits of Tests That Predict Future Progression to Tuberculosis Disease	3
High Summer Temperatures and Heat Stroke Mortality in Spain	3
Informative Presence in Electronic Health Record Data: A Challenge in Implementing Study Exclusion Criteria	3
The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Is Not Increasing in the United States: A Critique of Hale et al. (2020)	3
Rejoinder: Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	3
Causal Mediation Analysis with Multiple Time-varying Mediators	3
Voluntary Firearm Divestment and Suicide Risk: Real-World Importance in the Absence of Causal Identification	3
Bacterial Vaginosis and Prospective Ultrasound Measures of Uterine Fibroid Incidence and Growth	3
Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women	3
Promoting Reproducibility and Integrity in Observational Research: One Approach of an Epidemiology Research Community	3
Effect of Adjustment for Case Misclassification and Infection Date Uncertainty on Estimates of COVID-19 Effective Reproduction Number	3
Approaches to Estimating Clearance Rates for Human Papillomavirus Groupings: A Systematic Review and Real Data Examples	3
Using Balancing Weights to Target the Treatment Effect on the Treated when Overlap is Poor	3
Validation of Self-reported Opioid Agonist Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs Using Prescription Dispensation Records	3
Marginal Sufficient Component Cause Model	3
Improving Biomarker-based HIV Incidence Estimation in the Treatment Era	3
Impacts of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion on Live Births	3
Mortality Associated With Heatwave Severity in the Three Largest Australian Cities	3
Increased Residential Clustering of COVID-19 Cases Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7	2
Re. Weight Change and the Onset of Cardiovascular Diseases: Emulating Trials Using Electronic Health Records	2
What Has It Meant for Me to Be an Epidemiologist in 2020?	2
Marginal Versus Conditional Odds Ratios When Updating Risk Prediction Models	2
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology	2
Negative-Control Exposures: Adjusting for Unmeasured and Measured Confounders With Bounds for Remaining Bias	2
Why and How Epidemiologists Should Use Mixed Methods	2
Universal Difference-in-Differences for Causal Inference in Epidemiology	2
Synthetic Negative Controls: Using Simulation to Screen Large-scale Propensity Score Analyses	2
Precision and Weighting of Effects Estimated by the Generalized Synthetic Control and Related Methods: The Case of Medicaid Expansion	2
Leveraging External Validation Data: The Challenges of Transporting Measurement Error Parameters	2
We Don’t Talk About Consistency: The Unspoken Challenge of Identifying Mediated Effects in Perinatal Epidemiology	2
The Role of Staff in Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Long-term Care Facilities	2
Comparing Two-way Fixed Effects and New Estimators for Difference-in-Differences: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example	2
Latent Class Models of Early-life Trauma and Incident Breast Cancer	2
Visual Acuity and the Risk of Cycling Injuries	2
Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	2
Accounting for Repeat Pregnancies in Risk Prediction Models	2
Homogeneity in the Instrument-exposure Association and Point Estimation Using Binary Instrumental Variables	2
Empirical Challenges in Defining Treatments and Time in the Evaluation of Gun Laws	2
Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Two Cohorts of Pregnant Women With HIV in Zambia	2
Monitoring Drug Safety in Pregnancy with Scan Statistics: A Comparison of Two Study Designs	2