Epidemiology

Article	Citations
Meta-analysis of Proportions Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models	128
Positive Epidemiology?	86
CMAverse: A Suite of Functions for Reproducible Causal Mediation Analyses	80
Theoretical Framework for Retrospective Studies of the Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines	80
Is Cohort Representativeness Passé? Poststratified Associations of Lifestyle Risk Factors with Mortality in the UK Biobank	72
Air Conditioning and Heat-related Mortality	71
Rapid Review of Social Contact Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic	63
Estimating the Cumulative Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Infection Fatality Ratio in Light of Waning Antibodies	56
Estimating the Unknown	54
Within-city Spatial Variations in Ambient Ultrafine Particle Concentrations and Incident Brain Tumors in Adults	50
A Test-Negative Design with Additional Population Controls Can Be Used to Rapidly Study Causes of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic	49
Effects of Hot Nights on Mortality in Southern Europe	45
Trends in the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in the United States, 1996–2014	40
Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects	38
Toward Causally Interpretable Meta-analysis	37
Association Between Outdoor Light-at-night Exposure and Colorectal Cancer in Spain	31
The Case Time Series Design	30
Meaningful Causal Decompositions in Health Equity Research	30
Benchmarking Observational Methods by Comparing Randomized Trials and Their Emulations	29
Machine Learning for Causal Inference: On the Use of Cross-fit Estimators	29
Evaluating the Sensitivity of PM2.5–Mortality Associations to the Spatial and Temporal Scale of Exposure Assessment	28
Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence, Recurrence, and Survival by Education and Comorbidity: A Swedish Register-based Study	27
Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components	26
Validation of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy: ICD-10 Codes in a High-burden Southeastern United States Hospital	26
Detecting Heterogeneity of Intervention Effects Using Analysis and Meta-analysis of Differences in Variance Between Trial Arms	26

To Adjust or Not to Adjust? When a “Confounder” Is Only Measured After Exposure	25
Antiretrovirals and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization in HIV-Positive Persons	24
Robust Metrics and Sensitivity Analyses for Meta-analyses of Heterogeneous Effects	23
Traffic-related Noise Exposure and Late-life Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Mexican–Americans	22
Prenatal Opioid Analgesics and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes	22
Insights into the Cross-world Independence Assumption of Causal Mediation Analysis	22
Regression Discontinuity Designs in Health	22
The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapies	22
Clinical Trial Emulation by Matching Time-dependent Propensity Scores	21
A Graphical Catalog of Threats to Validity	21
Estimating the Impact of Sustained Social Participation on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults	20
Changes in Behavior with Increasing Pregnancy Attempt Time	20
Tropical Cyclone Exposures and Risks of Emergency Medicare Hospital Admission for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in 175 Urban United States Counties, 1999–2010	20
Maternal Thyroid Disorders and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Progeny	20
The Increasing Exposure of the Global Population to Ionizing Radiation	20
Identification and Validation of Anaphylaxis Using Electronic Health Data in a Population-based Setting	19
Nationwide Study of Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Hospitalizations Among Medicaid Enrollees	19
The Relative Economy and Drug Overdose Deaths	19
The Effect of Prenatal Treatments on Offspring Events in the Presence of Competing Events	19
Estimating the Size of a COVID-19 Epidemic from Surveillance Systems	19
The Importance of Making Assumptions in Bias Analysis	19
Intergenerational Change in Birthweight	18
Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes	18
Long-term Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: A UK Birth Cohort Study	18
Integrating Surveillance Data to Estimate Race/Ethnicity-specific Hysterectomy Inequalities Among Reproductive-aged Women	18
Weight Change and the Onset of Cardiovascular Diseases: Emulating Trials Using Electronic Health Records	18
The Serpent of Their Agonies	17
Comment on Williamson et al. (OpenSAFELY): The Table 2 Fallacy in a Study of COVID-19 Mortality Risk Factors	17
Representativeness Is Not Representative	16
E Values and Incidence Density Sampling	16
The Role of Ambient Particle Radioactivity in Inflammation and Endothelial Function in an Elderly Cohort	16
Effect Decomposition in the Presence of Treatment-induced Confounding	16
Aim for Clinical Utility, Not Just Predictive Accuracy	16
Describing Intersectional Health Outcomes	16
Time Since Infection and Risks of Future Disease for Individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in the United States	16
Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Attributable Risk of Kidney Diseases	16
Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Mortality for the Older Population: Effect Modification by Residential Greenness	16
Socioeconomic Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival	15
An Aggregated Comorbidity Measure Based on History of Filled Drug Prescriptions: Development and Evaluation in Two Separate Cohorts	15
On the Nature of Informative Presence Bias in Analyses of Electronic Health Records	15
Prospective Association Between Manganese in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Preeclampsia	15
A Trial Emulation Approach for Policy Evaluations with Group-level Longitudinal Data	15
Predicting the Future Course of Opioid Overdose Mortality: An Example From Two US States	15
Spatiotemporal Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths by Race for Counties in Ohio	14
Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy with Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	14
Modeling Desert Dust Exposures in Epidemiologic Short-term Health Effects Studies	14
Trends in Cancer Incidence Among American Indians and Alaska Natives and Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, 1999–2015	14
Multiple-bias Sensitivity Analysis Using Bounds	14
Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort	14
A Flexible Statistical Framework for Estimating Excess Mortality	14

Revisiting Overadjustment Bias	14
The Quest for Timely Insights into COVID-19 Should not Come at the Cost of Scientific Rigor	14
Deep Learning-based Propensity Scores for Confounding Control in Comparative Effectiveness Research	14
Constructed Measures and Causal Inference	14
Validity of Antineoplastic Procedure Codes in the Danish National Patient Registry	14
A Graphical Description of Partial Exchangeability	13
Estimands and Estimation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design	13
Combining Urinary Biomarker Data From Studies With Different Measures of Urinary Dilution	13
Methods to Account for Uncertainty in Latent Class Assignments When Using Latent Classes as Predictors in Regression Models, with Application to Acculturation Strategy Measures	13
Toward Credible Patient-centered Meta-analysis	13
Firearm Homicide Incidence, Within-state Firearm Laws, and Interstate Firearm Laws in US Counties	13
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to 7 Years of Age	13
Surveillance-to-Diagnostic Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a Large, Urban Campus in Fall 2020	13
Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Gestational and Pregestational Diabetes During Pregnancy in a Large, Public Hospital	13
Community-wide Mortality Rates in Beijing, China, During the July 2012 Flood Compared with Unexposed Periods	13
Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure	12
Comparison of Antihypertensive Drug Classes for Dementia Prevention	12
Effectiveness of Containment Measures Against COVID-19 in Singapore	12
Trends from 2008 to 2018 in Electricity-dependent Durable Medical Equipment Rentals and Sociodemographic Disparities	12
Log-transformation of Independent Variables: Must We?	12
Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer	12
Fetal Growth Trajectories Among Small for Gestational Age Babies and Child Neurodevelopment	12
Helped into Harm	12
Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Persistent Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Birth Size in a Population-based Cohort of British Girls	12
Bans on Cellphone Use While Driving and Traffic Fatalities in the United States	11
A Multipollutant Approach to Estimating Causal Effects of Air Pollution Mixtures on Overall Mortality in a Large, Prospective Cohort	11
Antigen-based Rapid Diagnostic Testing or Alternatives for Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19	11
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding	11
Time-varying Effects of Screen Media Exposure in the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Background and Childhood Obesity	11
The Use of Time to Pregnancy for Estimating and Monitoring Human Fecundity From Demographic and Health Surveys	11
Sex- and Type-specific Genital Human Papillomavirus Transmission Rates Between Heterosexual Partners: A Bayesian Reanalysis of the HITCH Cohort	11
Single-arm Trials with Historical Controls	11
State-Level Masking Mandates and COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States	11
Social Distancing and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Potential Early in the Epidemic in Finland	11
Hexamaps for Age–Period–Cohort Data Visualization and Implementation in R	10
Positive Predictive Value of Sarcoidosis Identified in an Administrative Healthcare Registry: A Validation Study	10
A Congener-specific and Mixture Analysis of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels and Incident Breast Cancer	10
Development and Validation of a Google Street View Pedestrian Safety Audit Tool	10
A New Approach for Classifying Fetal Growth Restriction	10
Neighborhood Deprivation and Mental Health Among Immigrants to Sweden	10
Immunologic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Norovirus Transmission in Daycare and School Outbreaks	9
The Target Trial: A Powerful Device Beyond Well-defined Interventions	9
A Pharmacoepidemiologic Approach to Evaluate Real-world Effectiveness of Hormonal Contraceptives in the Presence of Drug–drug Interactions	9
Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel	9
An Alternative Perspective on the Robust Poisson Method for Estimating Risk or Prevalence Ratios	9
Mendelian Randomization With Repeated Measures of a Time-varying Exposure	9
Estimation of Relative Vaccine Effectiveness in Influenza: A Systematic Review of Methodology	9
Should Fetal Growth Charts Be References or Standards?	9
Poverty, Deprivation, and Mortality Risk Among Women With HIV in the United States	9
Reducing Bias Due to Outcome Misclassification for Epidemiologic Studies Using EHR-derived Probabilistic Phenotypes	9
Cosmetic Tattooing and Early Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-based Case–Control Study from New Hampshire	9
A Direct Estimate of the Impact of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 Exposure on Life Expectancy Using Propensity Scores	9
Bounding the Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests, With Application to COVID-19 Antibody Tests	9
The Evolving Usefulness of the Test-negative Design in Studying Risk Factors for COVID-19	9
Explaining the Variance in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors	9
Vital Status Ascertainment for a Historic Diverse Cohort of U.S. Women	9
The Role of Cooling Centers in Protecting Vulnerable Individuals from Extreme Heat	9
Number of Healthcare Workers Who Have Died of COVID-19	9
When Effects Cannot be Estimated: Redefining Estimands to Understand the Effects of Naloxone Access Laws	9
HIV Viremia and Risk of Stroke Among People Living with HIV Who Are Using Antiretroviral Therapy	9
Male Preconception Marijuana Use and Spontaneous Abortion	8
Estimating Vaccine Efficacy Against Transmission via Effect on Viral Load	8
A Simple, Interpretable Conversion from Pearson’s Correlation to Cohen’s for d Continuous Exposures	8
A Prospective Cohort Study of Seasonal Variation in Spontaneous Abortion	8
Far from MCAR	8
Revisiting the g-null Paradox	8
Getting Over TOP	8
Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	8
The Case for Case–Cohort	8
Gone But Not Lost: Implications for Estimating HIV Care Outcomes When Loss to Clinic Is Not Loss to Care	8
Recent Changes in the Patterns of Breast Cancer as a Proportion of All Deaths According to Race and Ethnicity	8
Generalizability of Subgroup Effects	8
Estimating a Set of Mortality Risk Functions with Multiple Contributing Causes of Death	8
Gestational Weight Gain and Long-term Maternal Obesity Risk: A Multiple-Bias Analysis	8
A Cautionary Note on Extended Kaplan–Meier Curves for Time-varying Covariates	8
Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	8
Adaptive Validation Design	8
Neighborhood Walkability and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Women	7
Reweighting Oranges to Apples: Transported RE-LY Trial Versus Nonexperimental Effect Estimates of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation	7
The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities	7

Conceiving of Questions Before Delivering Analyses	7
Spatial–Temporal Cluster Analysis of Childhood Cancer in California	7
A Prospective Ultrasound Study of Plasma Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations and Incidence of Uterine Leiomyomata	7
E-Values for Mendelian Randomization	7
Causal Organic Indirect and Direct Effects: Closer to the Original Approach to Mediation Analysis, with a Product Method for Binary Mediators	7
Residential Proximity to Intensive Animal Agriculture and Risk of Lymphohematopoietic Cancers in the Agricultural Health Study	7
Statin Initiation and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	7
Performance of Multiple Imputation Using Modern Machine Learning Methods in Electronic Health Records Data	7
Carceral Amplification of COVID-19: Impacts for Community, Corrections Officer, and Incarcerated Population Risks	7
Identifiability and Estimation Under the Test-negative Design With Population Controls With the Goal of Identifying Risk and Preventive Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection	7
Immigrant-Related Policies and the Health Outcomes of Latinx Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review	7
Impact of Regression to the Mean on the Synthetic Control Method	7
Complexity in Epidemiology and Public Health. Addressing Complex Health Problems Through a Mix of Epidemiologic Methods and Data	7
Specimen Pooling to Conserve Additional Testing Resources When Persons’ Infection Status Is Correlated	7
Defining and Identifying Per-protocol Effects in Randomized Trials	7
Validation of a Claims-based Algorithm to Identify Pregestational Diabetes Among Pregnant Women in the United States	6
Vitamin D Supplement Use and Risk of Breast Cancer by Race-Ethnicity	6
Effectiveness of Remdesivir Treatment Protocols Among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Target Trial Emulation	6
Joint Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants with Hospital Admission of Ischemic Stroke	6
Is Opioid Use Safe in Women Trying to Conceive?	6
SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Dynamics in an Isolated US Military Recruit Training Center With Rigorous Prevention Measures	6
Association Between Medical Diagnoses and Suicide in a Medicaid Beneficiary Population, North Carolina 2014–2017	6
Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential	6
Development and Validation of Algorithms to Estimate Live Birth Gestational Age in Medicaid Analytic eXtract Data	6
Consequences of Depletion of Susceptibles for Hazard Ratio Estimators Based on Propensity Scores	6
Validation of Questionnaire-based Case Definitions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	6
The Impact of Undersampling on the Predictive Performance of Logistic Regression and Machine Learning Algorithms	6
Estimating Causal Effects of Particulate Matter Regulation on Mortality	6
Cardiometabolic Profiles and Change in Neighborhood Food and Built Environment Among Older Adults	6
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Epidemic Potential of Networks of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Two Cities	6
Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19	6
Heat-attributable Mortality in the Summer of 2022 in Spain	6
Assessment of Bias in Estimates of Sexual Network Degree using Prospective Cohort Data	6
Using the Generalized Synthetic Control Method to Estimate the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Population Health	6
Prescription Opioid Laws and Opioid Dispensing in US Counties	6
It May Not All Be Overdiagnosis: The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures in the Thyroid Cancer Incidence Increase	6
The Role of Childhood Asthma in Obesity Development	6
Causal Effect of Chronic Pain on Mortality Through Opioid Prescriptions: Application of the Front-Door Formula	6
Identified Versus Interesting Causal Effects in Fertility Trials and Other Settings With Competing or Truncation Events	6
Are Descriptions of Methods Alone Sufficient for Study Reproducibility? An Example From the Cardiovascular Literature	5
Rural–Urban Differences in Adult Life Expectancy in Indonesia	5
Stumped by the Hump: The Curious Rise and Fall of Norwegian Birthweights, 1991–2007	5
Thunderstorms, Pollen, and Severe Asthma in a Midwestern, USA, Urban Environment, 2007–2018	5
Re: Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers with Mortality Among Patients with Hypertension Hospitalized with COVID-19	5
Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Older Adults Living Near Construction and Manufacturing Sites	5
Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community	5
Estimating Serotype-specific Efficacy of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Using Hierarchical Models	5
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	5
Concordance of Data About Sex From Electronic Health Records and the National Death Index	5
Maternal Experience of Multiple Hardships and Fetal Growth	5
Routine Hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 Testing Outperforms State-based Data in Predicting Clinical Burden	5
Proof of Concept Example for Use of Simulation to Allow Data Pooling Despite Privacy Restrictions	5
Life-course Psychological Distress and Total Mortality by Middle Age	5
Long-term Traffic-related Air Pollutant Exposure and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis in Denmark: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis	5
Incidence of HPV-related Anogenital Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer in Men With Diabetes Compared With the General Population	5
Generalized Difference-in-Differences	5
Risk of Serious Infection With Low-dose Glucocorticoids in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis	5
Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	5
Instability of Variable-selection Algorithms Used to Identify True Predictors of an Outcome in Intermediate-dimension Epidemiologic Studies	5
Statistical Deconvolution for Inference of Infection Time Series	5
Emulating Target Trials to Avoid Immortal Time Bias – An Application to Antibiotic Initiation and Preterm Delivery	5
Incremental Propensity Score Effects for Time-fixed Exposures	5
The Impact of Vaccination Efforts on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Hepatitis A Outbreak in Michigan, 2016–2018	5
Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 400,459 Adults	5
Explaining the Sex Effect on Survival in Cystic Fibrosis: a Joint Modeling Study of UK Registry Data	5
Douching and Genital Talc Use: Patterns of Use and Reliability of Self-reported Exposure	5
Using Transportability to Understand Differences in Mediation Mechanisms Across Trial Sites of a Housing Voucher Experiment	5
Assessment of the Accuracy of Identification of Selected Disabilities and Conditions in Hospital Discharge Data for Pregnant Women	5
Incretin-Based Drugs and the Incidence of Prostate Cancer Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	5
Sex Difference in Serious Infections	5
Nearest-Neighbors Matching for Case–Control Study Analyses: Better Risk Factor Identification From a Study of Sporadic Campylobacteriosis in the United States	5
Social Networks and HIV Care Outcomes in Rural Kenya and Uganda	4
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Association of California City and County Cannabis Policies with Cannabis Outlet Densities	4
Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Cohort Study With Triangulation	4
An Example of How Immortal Time Bias Can Reverse the Results of an Observational Study	4
Excess Pneumonia Mortality During a 2014–2015 Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak in Genesee County, Michigan	4
Community Mitigation Strategies, Mobility, and COVID-19 Incidence Across Three Waves in the United States in 2020	4
Analysis of Multiple Causes of Death: A Review of Methods and Practices	4
Have Paved Trails and Protected Bike Lanes Led to More Bicycling in Atlanta?: A Generalized Synthetic-Control Analysis	4
Spatial Errors in Automated Geocoding of Incident Locations in Australian Suicide Mortality Data	4
Selection of Comparator Group in Observational Drug Safety Studies: Alternatives to the Active Comparator New User Design	4
Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Calcium Channel Blockers	4
Guns, Laws, and Causality	4
Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Timing of Pubertal Development: The California PAH Study	4
Do-search	4
The Joint Effects of Depression and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on Suicide Deaths	4
A Graphical Description of Partial Exchangeability	4
Health Outcomes Associated With Clinician-initiated Delivery for Hypertensive Disorders at 34–38 Weeks’ Gestation	4
Union Burying Ground	4
Alcohol-related Outcomes and All-cause Mortality in the Health 2000 Survey by Participation Status and Compared with the Finnish Population	4
Tracing the Origin of Food-borne Disease Outbreaks	3
In Defense of the Weight-of-Evidence Approach to Literature Review in the Integrated Science Assessment	3
Understanding Relationships Between Chlamydial Infection, Symptoms, and Testing Behavior	3
Simple Sensitivity Analysis for Control Selection Bias	3
Observed Versus Expected COVID-19 Infections Among National Football League Players During the 2020 Season	3