Epidemiology

Article	Citations
The Authors Respond	170
Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Two Cohorts of Pregnant Women With HIV in Zambia	101
Erratum: Far from MCAR: Obtaining Population-level Estimates of HIV Viral Suppression	100
Explaining the Variance in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Comparison of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Genetic Predictors: Erratum	82
Re. A Multipollutant Approach to Estimating Causal Effects of Air Pollution Mixtures on Overall Mortality in a Large, Prospective Cohort	58
A Generalization of the Mechanism-based Approach for Age–Period–Cohort Models	52
Estimating the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Events Using Observational Data?	36
Reporting and Description of Research Methodology in Studies Estimating Effects of Firearm Policies	35
Prediction Under Interventions: Evaluation of Counterfactual Performance Using Longitudinal Observational Data	35
When Does Differential Outcome Misclassification Matter for Estimating Prevalence?	33
Preventable Fraction in the Context of Disease Progression	32
Newborn Dried Blood Spot Folate in Relation to Maternal Self-reported Folic Acid Intake, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Developmental Delay	31
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology	30
Negative Control Exposures: Causal Effect Identifiability and Use in Probabilistic-bias and Bayesian Analyses With Unmeasured Confounders	30
Advances in Difference-in-differences Methods for Policy Evaluation Research	29
Mobile Source Benzene Regulations and Risk of Childhood and Young Adult Hematologic Cancers in Alaska: A Quasi-experimental Study	29
Mendelian Randomization With Repeated Measures of a Time-varying Exposure	29
Validation of ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes for Gestational Age at Birth	29
Theoretical Framework for Retrospective Studies of the Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines	29
Does Adjusting for Causal Intermediate Confounders Resolve the Perinatal Crossover Paradox?	28
Visual Acuity and the Risk of Cycling Injuries	27
Doubly Marginalized: The Interplay of Racism and Disability in Outcomes for Minoritized People With Down Syndrome	27
Erratum: Marginal Sufficient Component Cause Model: An Emerging Causal Model With Merits?	27
Are Detailed Behavioral, Psychosocial, and Environmental Variables Necessary to Control for Confounding in Pregnancy Weight Gain Research?	26
Evaluating Binary Outcome Classifiers Estimated from Survey Data	26

Comparing PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Strategies Following Myocardial Infarction Using Negative Control Outcomes: A Target Trial Emulation Study	24
Quantifying the health burden of COVID-19 using individual estimates of years of life lost based on population-wide administrative level data	23
Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Among African-born Black Women in California, 2011–2020	23
Erratum: Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects	22
Adjusting Incidence Estimates with Laboratory Test Performances: A Pragmatic Maximum Likelihood Estimation-Based Approach	22
Kara E. Rudolph, Winner of 2023 Rothman Epidemiology Prize	20
The Author Responds	20
Low-level PM2.5 Exposure, Cardiovascular and Nonaccidental Mortality, and Related Health Disparities in 12 US States	19
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding	19
Identification of Vaccine Effects When Exposure Status Is Unknown	19
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatments and Risk of Alzheimer Disease: A Case–Control Study Nested in the Finnish Population	19
Thunderstorms, Pollen, and Severe Asthma in a Midwestern, USA, Urban Environment, 2007–2018	18
Re: Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	18
Associations of Prenatal First Trimester Essential and Nonessential Metal Mixtures with Body Size and Adiposity in Childhood.	18
Opioid-related Mortality in United States Death Certificate Data: A Quantitative Bias Analysis With Expert Elicitation of Bias Parameters	17
Geospatial Data Aggregation Methods for Novel Geographies: Validating Congressional District Life Expectancy Estimates	17
Smoking Inequality Trends by Disability and Income in Australia, 2001 to 2020	17
Evaluating Potential Impacts of a Preferential Vaccine Recommendation for Adults 65 Years of Age and Older on US Influenza Burden	17
Meconium Concentrations of Pesticides and Risk of Hypospadias: A Case–Control Study in Brittany, France	17
Environmental Exposures and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Mixture Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study II	16
Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression for Social Epidemiologic Research	16
A Potential Outcomes Approach to Selection Bias	16
Scarring In Utero: An Attempt to Validate With Data Unconfounded by Migration and Medical Care	15
Characterization of Additive Gene–environment Interactions For Colorectal Cancer Risk	15
Plant-Capture Methods for Estimating Homeless Population Size From Uncertain Plant Captures	15
Alcohol policy in adolescence and subsequent alcohol-attributable hospitalizations and mortality at ages 21−54 years - A register-based cohort study	15
Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women	15
A Counterfactual Analysis of Impact of Cesarean Birth in a First Birth on Severe Maternal Morbidity in the Subsequent Birth	15
Massachusetts Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Estimation Revisited: Comparing a Bayesian Approach to Standard Capture–Recapture Methods	15
Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	15
Right censoring and mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study	14
Twenty-four-Year Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cohort Study	14
Could Smoking Initiation Among Youth by E-cigarettes Warrant a Shorter Definition for Epidemiology?	14
Visualizing the (Causal) Effect of a Continuous Variable on a Time-To-Event Outcome	14
Neighborhood Walkability and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Women	14
Response to Mindel C. Sheps: Counted, Dead or Alive	14
Ethylene Oxide Hemoglobin Adducts in Cord Blood and Offspring’s Size at Birth: The NewGeneris European Cohort Study	13
Ambient Air Quality and Fatal Asthma Exacerbations among Children in North Carolina	13
Rejoinder: Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	13
A Quantitative Bias Analysis Approach to Informative Presence Bias in Electronic Health Records	13
Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort	12
The Role of Childhood Asthma in Obesity Development	12
US Racial–Ethnic Mortality Gap Adjusted for Population Structure	12
Simulating the Simultaneous Impact of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Naloxone on Opioid Overdose Death in Eight New York Counties	12
The Importance of Making Assumptions in Bias Analysis	12
Thanks to Our Reviewers	12
Mindel C. Sheps: Counted, Dead or Alive	11
Rejoinder to “The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Is Not Increasing in the United States: A Critique of Hale et al. (2020)”	11
Inflammation and Conception in a Prospective Time-to-Pregnancy Cohort	11
Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets	11

State-Level Masking Mandates and COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States	11
Exact Mediation Analysis for Ordinal Outcome and Binary Mediator	11
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Appendicitis in the Offspring	11
Placebo Adherence as a Negative Control Exposure	11
Re. In Defense of the Weight-of-evidence Approach to Literature Review in the Integrated Science Assessment	11
Antigen-based Rapid Diagnostic Testing or Alternatives for Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19	11
The Joint Effects of Depression and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on Suicide Deaths	11
Identifying Optimal Methods for Addressing Confounding Bias When Estimating the Effects of State-level Policies	10
The Authors Respond	10
Causal Selection of Covariates in Regression Calibration for Mismeasured Continuous Exposure	10
Interpreting Violations of Falsification Tests in the Context of Multiple Proposed Instrumental Variables	10
First Episodes of Norovirus and Sapovirus Gastroenteritis Protect Against Subsequent Episodes in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort	10
Incidental Infections and the Probability of Necessity	9
Joint Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants with Hospital Admission of Ischemic Stroke	9
Bias-interpretability Trade-offs in Vaccine Effectiveness Studies Using Test-negative or Cohort Designs	9
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	9
Revisiting the Population Attributable Fraction	9
Profile Matching for the Generalization and Personalization of Causal Inferences	9
Marginal Versus Conditional Odds Ratios When Updating Risk Prediction Models	9
Informative Presence in Electronic Health Record Data: A Challenge in Implementing Study Exclusion Criteria	9
Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Child Executive Function: A US Multicohort Study	9
Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy with Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	9
It May Not All Be Overdiagnosis: The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures in the Thyroid Cancer Incidence Increase	9
Transient Effects in Studies on Preterm Birth Risk	9
Health predictors of neighborhood selection: a prospective cohort study of residential mobility in Ontario, Canada	8
Erratum: Regression Discontinuity Designs in Health: A Systematic Review	8
Assessing Direct and Spillover Effects of Intervention Packages in Network-randomized Studies	8
A Direct Estimate of the Impact of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 Exposure on Life Expectancy Using Propensity Scores	8
A Dynamic Spatial Factor Model to Describe the Opioid Syndemic in Ohio	8
Propensity Scores in Health Disparities Research: The Example of Cognitive Aging and the Hispanic Paradox	8
Mechanistic Correlates of Protection for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines	8
Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community	8
Universal Difference-in-Differences for Causal Inference in Epidemiology	8
Balancing Empirical Trade-offs When Evaluating US Gun Policy	8
Higher Moments for Optimal Balance Weighting in Causal Estimation	7
Errors in the Calculation of the Population Attributable Fraction	7
High Summer Temperatures and Heat Stroke Mortality in Spain	7
Socioeconomic Status, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: Mediation and Bias Analysis in the SYNERGY Study	7
Neighborhood Deprivation and Neural Tube Defects	7
Complexity in Epidemiology and Public Health. Addressing Complex Health Problems Through a Mix of Epidemiologic Methods and Data	7
Using the Generalized Synthetic Control Method to Estimate the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Population Health	7
Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel	7
Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Attributable Risk of Kidney Diseases	7
Interactive Effects of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollutants on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severity: A Northern Italian Population-based Cohort Study	7
Start with the Target Trial Protocol, Then Follow the Roadmap for Causal Inference	7
Changes in Opioid and Benzodiazepine Poisoning Deaths After Cannabis Legalization in the US: A County-level Analysis, 2002–2020	7
Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gastroschisis	7
Application of a Web-based Tool for Quantitative Bias Analysis: The Example of Misclassification Due to Self-reported Body Mass Index	7
Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Reproductive Endocrine and Glucose Homeostasis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age	7
Improving Inverse Probability Weighting by Post-calibrating Its Propensity Scores	6
Constructed Measures and Causal Inference	6
Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19	6
Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Severe Maternal Morbidity at Delivery in a Public Hospital	6
Effects of Recall and Selection Biases on Modeling Cancer Risk From Mobile Phone Use: Results From a Case–Control Simulation Study	6
Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential	6
Distinguishing Immunologic and Behavioral Effects of Vaccination	6
Evaluating Metformin Strategies for Cancer Prevention: A Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Records	6
Primary Care Physicians’ Perceptions of the Effects of Being Overweight on All-cause Mortality	6
Estimands and Estimation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design	6
Advancing Reproducible Research Through Version Control Technology	6
Pregnancy Exposure to Phenols and Anthropometric Measures in Gestation and at Birth	6
Selection of Comparator Group in Observational Drug Safety Studies: Alternatives to the Active Comparator New User Design	6
Incorporating Efficacy Data from Initial Trials Into Subsequent Evaluations: Application to Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus	6
The Case Time Series Design	6
On the Conventional Definition of Path-specific Effects: Fully Mediated Interaction With Multiple Ordered Mediators	6
Generalizing and Transporting Causal Inferences from Randomized Trials in the Presence of Trial Engagement Effects	6
Development and Validation of Algorithms to Estimate Live Birth Gestational Age in Medicaid Analytic eXtract Data	6
A New Criterion for Determining a Cutoff Value Based on the Biases of Incidence Proportions in the Presence of Non-differential Outcome Misclassifications	6
Marco Piccininni, Winner of the 2024 Rothman Prize	6
Improving Biomarker-based HIV Incidence Estimation in the Treatment Era	5
The Prevalent New-user Design for Studies With no Active Comparator: The Example of Statins and Cancer	5
Identifying Sensitive Windows of Exposure to NO2 and Fetal Growth Trajectories in a Spanish Birth Cohort	5
Heat-attributable Mortality in the Summer of 2022 in Spain	5
Re. E-values for Mendelian Randomization	5
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Mortality and Hospitalization Among People With Opioid Use-related Infections	5
Incretin-Based Drugs and the Incidence of Prostate Cancer Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	5
A Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis of HIV/STI Prevention and Healthcare Access Among Transgender and Nonbinary People	5
Have Paved Trails and Protected Bike Lanes Led to More Bicycling in Atlanta?: A Generalized Synthetic-Control Analysis	5
Causal Mediation Analysis with Multiple Time-varying Mediators	5
The impact of power outages on cardiovascular hospitalizations among Medicare Fee-for-Service enrollees in New York State, 2017-2018	5

Sexual Mixing by HIV Status and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Addressing Information Bias	5
PROVIDENT: Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Neighborhood-level Overdose Risk in Rhode Island	5
The Impact of Job Loss on Self-injury Mortality in a Cohort of Autoworkers	5
Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation	5
The Authors Respond	5
Incorporating Data from Multiple Endpoints in the Analysis of Clinical Trials: Example from RSV Vaccines	5
Cold-related Mortality in US State and Private Prisons: A Case–Crossover Analysis	5
Advanced Approaches to Generating High-validity Real-world Evidence in Asthma	5
Identifiability and Estimation Under the Test-negative Design With Population Controls With the Goal of Identifying Risk and Preventive Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection	5
Erratum: Methodological challenges in Mendelian randomization	5
Accounting for the Potential of Overdispersion in Estimation of the Time-varying Reproduction Number	5
Adjusting Adjustments: Using External Data to Estimate the Impact of Different Confounder Sets on Published Associations	5
Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Central North Carolina: Accounting for Outcome Misclassification in Complex Sample Designs	5
Validation of Self-reported Opioid Agonist Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs Using Prescription Dispensation Records	5
Investigating the Potential Short-term Adverse Effects of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Novel Regression Discontinuity Analysis	5
The Association Between Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure and Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients	5
Union Burying Ground	4
Accounting for Misclassification and Selection Bias in Estimating Effectiveness of Self-managed Medication Abortion	4
Association Between Medical Diagnoses and Suicide in a Medicaid Beneficiary Population, North Carolina 2014–2017	4
The Case–Crossover Design Under Changing Baseline Outcome Risk: A Simulation of Ambient Temperature and Preterm Birth	4
Association of Early-life Trauma With Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	4
Early-life Farm Exposure and Ovarian Reserve in a US Cohort of Women	4
When Effects Cannot be Estimated: Redefining Estimands to Understand the Effects of Naloxone Access Laws	4
Revisiting Overadjustment Bias	4
Gestational Hypertensive Disorders and Maternal Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort of 40,720 Parous Women	4
Visualizing External Validity: Graphical Displays to Inform the Extension of Treatment Effects from Trials to Clinical Practice	4
Impact of Activity Participation on the Risk of Mortality and Hospitalizations in Danish Men and Women: Insights from REGLINK-SHAREDK	4
Long-term Economic Distress and Growing Educational Inequity in Life Expectancy	4
Monitoring Drug Safety in Pregnancy with Scan Statistics: A Comparison of Two Study Designs	4
Back to Basics: What Descriptive Epidemiology Can Teach Us About the Recent Rise in Firearm Homicide	4
Causal Effect of Chronic Pain on Mortality Through Opioid Prescriptions: Application of the Front-Door Formula	4
Homogeneity in the Instrument-exposure Association and Point Estimation Using Binary Instrumental Variables	4
Using Balancing Weights to Target the Treatment Effect on the Treated when Overlap is Poor	4
Understanding Variation in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the United States: The Role of Rotavirus Activity and Diagnostic Misclassification	3
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis	3
The Population-level Effect of Adjuvant Therapies on Breast Cancer Recurrence: Application of the Trend-in-Trend Design	3
Validation of Long-term Recall of Pregnancy-related Weight in the Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy Study	3
Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies of Live Births Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data	3
Migration and Health: Chasing Causality in a Complex World	3
Risk Factors and Inequities in Transportation Injury and Mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs)	3
Term Birth Weight and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes	3
Increased Residential Clustering of COVID-19 Cases Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7	3
Differential Participation, a Potential Cause of Spurious Associations in Observational Cohorts in Environmental Epidemiology	3
The Authors Respond	3
The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities	3
The Role of Cooling Centers in Protecting Vulnerable Individuals from Extreme Heat	3
Decomposing the Black–White Racial Disparity in Severe Maternal Morbidity Risk: The Role of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	3
Interpretations of Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Post-acute COVID-19 Sequelae	3
SARS-CoV-2: An Empirical Investigation of Rose’s Population-based Logic	3
Examining the Interactive Associations of Cannabis and Alcohol Outlets With Self-harm Injuries in California: A Spatiotemporal Analysis	3
Commentary: The Seedy Side of Causal Effect Estimation with Machine Learning	3
Health Outcomes Associated With Clinician-initiated Delivery for Hypertensive Disorders at 34–38 Weeks’ Gestation	3
What Can Genetic Relatedness Tell Us About Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Transmission?	3
The Promise of Intersectional Critique for Epidemiology	3
The Authors Respond	3
Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	3
A New Tool for Reporting Mediation Analyses	3
Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth	3
Associations of Local Cannabis Control Policies With Harmful Cannabis Exposures Reported to the California Poison Control System	3
Mixture Models for Social Epidemiology: Opportunities and Cautions	3
Crosswalks to Convert US Census Bureau Industry and Occupation Codes, 1980–2018	3
Five Facts About Influence Functions	3
The Era of Progress on Gun Mortality: State Gun Regulations and Gun Deaths from 1991 to 2016	3
In utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study	3
Maternal Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis	3
Re. Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy With Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	3
Influenza Activity and Preterm Birth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Analysis from 2010 to 2017	3
The Role of Epidemiology in Addressing Ableism	3
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	2
Multilevel Resilience and Appointment Attendance Among African American/Black Adults with HIV: A Prospective Multisite Cohort Study	2
Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Cohort Study With Triangulation	2
The Relationship of Preconception and Early Pregnancy Isoprostanes with Fecundability and Pregnancy Loss	2
Detecting Heterogeneity of Intervention Effects Using Analysis and Meta-analysis of Differences in Variance Between Trial Arms	2
A New Approach for Classifying Fetal Growth Restriction	2
Residential Greenness and Long-term Mortality Among Patients Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery	2
Erratum: “The Effect of Mobile Stroke Unit Care on Functional Outcomes: An Application of the Front-door Formula”	2
The Authors Respond	2
The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Is Not Increasing in the United States: A Critique of Hale et al. (2020)	2
Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Timing of Pubertal Development: The California PAH Study	2
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting and Confounder Missingness in Electronic Health Record-based Analyses: A Comparison of Approaches Using Plasmode Simulation	2
Maternal History of Childhood Maltreatment and Pregnancy Weight Outcomes	2
Re: Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	2
Joint Models for Estimating Determinants of Cognitive Decline in the Presence of Survival Bias	2
The Role of Staff in Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Long-term Care Facilities	2
Filling in the Spaces in Cardiovascular Epidemiology	2
The Authors Respond	2
Improving the Quality of Observational Data: Registries of Validated Outcomes and Other Patient Events	2
Approaches to Estimating Clearance Rates for Human Papillomavirus Groupings: A Systematic Review and Real Data Examples	2
Comparative Analysis of Instrumental Variables on the Assignment of Buprenorphine/Naloxone or Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder	2
Validation of Parent-reported Gestational Age Categories for Children Less Than 6 Years of Age	2
Fetal Growth Trajectories Among Small for Gestational Age Babies and Child Neurodevelopment	2
An Overview of Current Methods for Real-world Applications to Generalize or Transport Clinical Trial Findings to Target Populations of Interest	2
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Epidemic Potential of Networks of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Two Cities	2
Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	2
Estimating Associations Between Annual Concentrations of Particulate Matter and Mortality in the United States, Using Data Linkage and Bayesian Maximum Entropy	2