OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Defence and Peace Economics is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-05-01 to 2026-05-01.)

Article	Citations
The Economic Benefits of North Warning System Modernization	32
Modeling economic sanctions as a stochastic game: insights from Russia, Libya, and Iran	31
Geopolitical risk spillovers and interconnectedness: evidence from the MENA region and key global powers	21
Determinants of the global arms imports: a revisit	20
Drivers and Impact of European Defence Market Integration: A Literature Meta-Synthesis with Economic Focus	20
Natural resource dependence and war nexus: new insights	18
Modest and balanced: the US defense budget buildup during the first Trump administration, 2017–2020	17
Geopolitical Risk and Stock-Bond Interplay: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Assets in the GCC	17
Demand for Military Expenditures and Security Alignment Choices in the Indo-Pacific	17
Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment	14
Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans	14
Lights are flashing red! Unravelling the persistent effect of terrorism on Africa’s economic activity	14
The Spectrum of Strategic Autonomy in EU Defence Supply Chains	14
After the war begins: Ukraine’s shock and Spain’s accelerated continuity in defence procurement	12
Long-term Consequences of Civil War in Tajikistan: The Gendered Impact on Education and Labor Market Outcomes	11
The Dynamics of the Global Arms Trade Network: States’ Stability and Instability	11
Fertile ground for conflict: evidence revisited using spatial first differences	10
Macroeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine on Central and Eastern European economies: a SVAR analysis	10
Corruption, ICT and Military Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa	10
Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy	9
Forecasting Costs of U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Against a Major Nuclear Strike	9
Unemployment and Military Labour Supply: A Study on Belgian Data for the Period 2005-2020	9
The Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe	9
Readiness Through International Cooperation: Finnish Defence Industrial Strategy in Changing Operational Environment from the Mid-1990s to the Early 2020s	9
Scientometric Analysis of the Relationship between Expenditure on Defence and Economic Growth: Current Situation and Future Perspectives	9

The impact of armed conflicts and forced migration on labour markets: systematic literature review and future research agenda	9
Extractive Politics, Redistribution, and War: On the Rationality of Kleptocratic Mismanagement	8
Within Ethnic Population Inequality and within Self-Determination Movement Violence	8
Verification of Peace Accords and Military Expenditures in Post-Conflict Societies	8
Reassessing the military spending–economic growth nexus in the ‘shadows’: selected Balkan countries, 1990–2022	8
Beyond U.S. Guarantees: can Europe defend the Baltic without American ground forces?	7
Technological Emergence and Military Technology Innovation	7
Concentration and Innovation in the Defence Industry: A Stochastic Game	7
Constraining Compliance? Reconsidering the Effect of Veto Players on Sanctions Success	7
Military spending and the fear hypothesis	7
A theoretical treatment of foreign fighters and terrorism	6
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?	6
Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales: evidence for policy makers from a new database	6
Long-Run Equilibrium Between Military Expenditure and GDP with Non-Linear Structural Breaks in NATO Member States	6
Arms Spending and War Casualties: Understanding the Strategic Trade-Offs in Warfare	6
The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth: A New Instrumental Variables Approach	6
European Defence: No Zeitenwende Yet	6
Reassessing the military expenditure–economic growth nexus in the context of geopolitical risk: evidence from Poland	6
The economic costs and benefits of the European Future Combat Air System	5
International Transmission of Fiscal News Shock: Evidence from Defense Spending	5
Saudi Arabia’s defence industrial transition: from vision to reality?	5
Courtship, Honeymoon, and Stabilisation? Military Expenditures of New NATO Member Countries Before and After the 1999–2020 Enlargements	5
Cybersecurity For Defense Economists	5
Christian nationalism, apocalypticism, outgroup hate, and support for violent extremism	5
Defence Partnerships and Economic Dynamics: An Analysis in PESCO Countries	5
Developments in Military Expenditure and the Effects of the War in Ukraine	5
Equilibrium in an asymmetric war of attrition with a fight option	5
Tourism demand recovery following terrorism ceasefire: the case of the Basque country	5
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Spend More and Better’	4
Military spending and growth: empirical evidence from a post-Keynesian model	4
Guns vs health: unraveling the interplay between geopolitical risk, arms race and health expenditure	4
When Military Interventions Decrease Military Power. Evidence from the French Case	4
Sanctions, Co-Sanctions, and Counter-Sanctions: A Multilateral, Evolutionary Game Among Three Global Powers	4
Indirect Rivalries and Civil Wars: Empirical Evidence	4
Economic Growth’s Catalyzing Effect on War	4
Collective Action and Intra-Group Conflict: An Experiment	4
External support for insurgents in civil conflicts: a bipartite network analysis, 1989–2017	4
Structural shifts in the global arms trade by weapon type: shifting core transfer states and network multipolarity	4
Does Comprehensive Geopolitical Risk Deter FDI Outflows: Evidence from China	4
Asymmetric Effects of Positive and Negative Commodity Price Shocks During Civil Wars	4
Warming, cooling, commodity prices, and conflict: do UN peacekeeping troops reduce the effects?	4
The market dynamics of military conflict: financial returns and strategic considerations in the global arms industry	3
Public Opinion in Conflict Situations: A Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Russia During the War on Ukraine	3
Military expenditures as a part of endogenous fiscal policy in 21 EU-NATO countries: the fiscal consequences of rising defence budgets	3
Defence industrial patterns in Dependent Market Economies	3
‘Explaining the persistence of defense offsets in a supply-driven arms trade’	3
Unpacking the effect of coup d’état on energy poverty in Africa	3
Offset Multipliers and Defence Industrial Policy Efficiency	3
Canada and the NORAD: Economics and Burden Sharing	3
Cross-Check on Combat Aircraft Data	3

Does Increase in Defence Spending Lead to More Risk of Sovereign Debt Defaults?	3
Come sail your ships around me: wartime trade, distance, and the impact of the global shipping industry on the pacifying effect of trade	2
Insecurity and Ambition: Dual Drivers of Chinese Innovation?	2
Can Sanctions Backfire?	2
How Does the Russian-Ukrainian War Rock Stock and Commodity Markets? Fresh Insights from Joint Network-Connectedness Analysis	2
Conflict Trajectories and Education: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from India	2
The Role of Reserves in Mitigating Sanctions’ Impact on Economic Growth	2
Does military spending really support economic growth in small island countries? a comparative study of five small island countries	2
Determinants of External, Domestic, and Total Public Debt in Nigeria: The Role of Conflict, Arms Imports, and Military Expenditure	2
Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited	2
Military influence in civilian institutions: analyzing ethnic group political and economic exclusion	2
Building a Defence Manpower Planning Tool Using Survival Analysis Models	2
The impact of US elections on US defense industry: firm-level evidence from 1996 to 2022	2
Food and peace? Exploring the link between conflict and food insecurity in Africa	2
Singapore’s ’Total Defence’ Strategy	2
Assessing the Impact of Military and Civilian R&D on Performance	2
Rethinking the guns vs. butter tradeoff: a non-linear and regime-conditioned approach in the military and health spending	1
Redefining the Nexus of Military Spending Among Southeast Mediterranean Countries in the Presence of Nonlinearities	1
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from NATO and Non-NATO Alliances	1
The Military Rise of China: The Real Defence Budget Over Two Decades	1
European Defence Industries’ Sales Performance: A Benefit-Of-The-Doubt Based Comparative Analysis	1
The Political Economy of Wargaming	1
The Role of Stakeholders in Managing Government Research and Development Funding for Defence Industrial Innovation: The Case of Malaysia	1
Deterring Delays in Public Goods Contributions: The Role of Communication and Rewards	1
Monitoring Indicators of Economic Activities in Sudan Amidst Ongoing Conflict Using Satellite Data	1
Defense Expenditure and National Well-Being: Evidence from the G7 Countries	1
Economic Echoes of Conflict: Evaluating the Palestine-Israel War’s Influence on Middle Eastern Markets	1
Defence Spending and Income Inequality. An Asymmetric Empirical Evidence from a Decomposition Analysis of Defence Spending in the Case of Greece	1
NATO’s Approach to Multi-Domain Operations: From the Perspective of the Economics of Alliances	1
The Taliban’s Return to Power: An Empirical Analysis of the Afghan Peace Negotiations of 2018–2020	1
You Work for Us Now: Concentration in University-Performed Defense R&D	1
Nationalism, leaders, and four forms of terrorist groups	1
Audience costs and the risk of war under effective brinkmanship deterrence	1
Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians?	1
The spatial dimension of conflict and economic resilience: a gravity analysis of the Russia-Ukraine war’s impact on the EU across GDP, inflation and macroeconomic indicators	1
On What Topics Does the Scientific Community Cooperate in Defense Economics? A Science Mapping of the First 30 Years of the Journal Defence and Peace Economics	1
Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective	1
Trade Policy for Dual-Use Technology	1
Military Spending and Economic Output: A Decomposition Analysis of the US Military Budget	1
Potential Negative Externalities of Private Military Entrepreneurs from an Economic Perspective	1
Mitigating the Risk of Advanced Cyber Attacks: The Role of Quality, Covertness and Intensity of Use of Cyber Weapons	1
Military Technology, Defense Spending and Modernization of the Armed Forces: The Case of Spain, 1891-1935	1
The Impact of Peacekeeping on Post-Deployment Earnings for Swedish Veterans	1
Oil extraction, grievances, and conflict: evidence from Niger Delta and South Sudan	1
Geopolitical risk and the aerospace & defense sector: implications for risk management and portfolio optimization	1
Class warfare and socio-economic exclusion: the political-institutional consequences of left-wing terrorism	1
Disinformation Strategies	1
Misalignment of interests and threat perceptions: a dynamic study of NATO defense contributions	1
Should we sell arms to human rights violators? What the public thinks	1
Geopolitical risk and the volatility of GCC stock markets around the war on the Gaza Strip	1
Transitioning to Peace in Northern Ireland: Before and After the Belfast-Good Friday Agreement 1998	1
Proto-Insurgency, Repression-Driven Contagion, and Civil War Onset	1
Profitability of Defense Companies in the US and Europe	1