OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Defence and Peace Economics is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-01-01 to 2026-01-01.)

Article	Citations
Modeling economic sanctions as a stochastic game: insights from Russia, Libya, and Iran	25
The Economic Benefits of North Warning System Modernization	25
Geopolitical risk spillovers and interconnectedness: evidence from the MENA region and key global powers	16
Drivers and Impact of European Defence Market Integration: A Literature Meta-Synthesis with Economic Focus	16
Demand for Military Expenditures and Security Alignment Choices in the Indo-Pacific	15
Natural resource dependence and war nexus: new insights	15
Determinants of the global arms imports: a revisit	15
Geopolitical Risk and Stock-Bond Interplay: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Assets in the GCC	15
The Spectrum of Strategic Autonomy in EU Defence Supply Chains	14
Modest and balanced: the US defense budget buildup during the first Trump administration, 2017–2020	14
Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans	11
Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment	11
The Dynamics of the Global Arms Trade Network: States’ Stability and Instability	11
Long-term Consequences of Civil War in Tajikistan: The Gendered Impact on Education and Labor Market Outcomes	11
Corruption, ICT and Military Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa	10
Readiness Through International Cooperation: Finnish Defence Industrial Strategy in Changing Operational Environment from the Mid-1990s to the Early 2020s	10
Lights are flashing red! Unravelling the persistent effect of terrorism on Africa’s economic activity	10
Fertile ground for conflict: evidence revisited using spatial first differences	9
Macroeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine on Central and Eastern European economies: a SVAR analysis	9
The Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe	9
Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy	8
The impact of armed conflicts and forced migration on labour markets: systematic literature review and future research agenda	8
Scientometric Analysis of the Relationship between Expenditure on Defence and Economic Growth: Current Situation and Future Perspectives	8
Forecasting Costs of U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Against a Major Nuclear Strike	8
Civil War Outcomes and Egalitarian Democracy in Post-Civil War States: A Cross-National Analysis, 1946-2018	7

Extractive Politics, Redistribution, and War: On the Rationality of Kleptocratic Mismanagement	7
Unemployment and Military Labour Supply: A Study on Belgian Data for the Period 2005-2020	7
Within Ethnic Population Inequality and within Self-Determination Movement Violence	7
Verification of Peace Accords and Military Expenditures in Post-Conflict Societies	7
Constraining Compliance? Reconsidering the Effect of Veto Players on Sanctions Success	7
Conflict with Third-Party Intervention and Revenge: A Game-Theoretic Exploration	6
Reassessing the military spending–economic growth nexus in the ‘shadows’: selected Balkan countries, 1990–2022	6
A theoretical treatment of foreign fighters and terrorism	6
Concentration and Innovation in the Defence Industry: A Stochastic Game	6
Technological Emergence and Military Technology Innovation	6
The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth: A New Instrumental Variables Approach	6
Military spending and the fear hypothesis	6
Cybersecurity For Defense Economists	5
The Effect of the US Macroeconomic Indicators on the International Geopolitical Risk	5
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?	5
Reassessing the military expenditure–economic growth nexus in the context of geopolitical risk: evidence from Poland	5
Arms Spending and War Casualties: Understanding the Strategic Trade-Offs in Warfare	5
Long-Run Equilibrium Between Military Expenditure and GDP with Non-Linear Structural Breaks in NATO Member States	5
European Defence: No Zeitenwende Yet	5
Equilibrium in an asymmetric war of attrition with a fight option	5
Developments in Military Expenditure and the Effects of the War in Ukraine	5
The Ascent of Geopolitics: Scientometric Analysis and Ramifications of Geopolitical Risk	5
The economic costs and benefits of the European Future Combat Air System	5
Defence Partnerships and Economic Dynamics: An Analysis in PESCO Countries	4
Saudi Arabia’s defence industrial transition: from vision to reality?	4
Asymmetric Effects of Positive and Negative Commodity Price Shocks During Civil Wars	4
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Spend More and Better’	4
Collective Action and Intra-Group Conflict: An Experiment	4
International Transmission of Fiscal News Shock: Evidence from Defense Spending	4
Does Terrorism Affect Foreign Greenfield Investments?	4
External support for insurgents in civil conflicts: a bipartite network analysis, 1989–2017	4
Warming, cooling, commodity prices, and conflict: do UN peacekeeping troops reduce the effects?	4
Guns vs health: unraveling the interplay between geopolitical risk, arms race and health expenditure	4
Economic Growth’s Catalyzing Effect on War	4
Courtship, Honeymoon, and Stabilisation? Military Expenditures of New NATO Member Countries Before and After the 1999–2020 Enlargements	4
Tourism demand recovery following terrorism ceasefire: the case of the Basque country	4
Sanctions, Co-Sanctions, and Counter-Sanctions: A Multilateral, Evolutionary Game Among Three Global Powers	4
When Military Interventions Decrease Military Power. Evidence from the French Case	4
Canada and the NORAD: Economics and Burden Sharing	3
Cross-Check on Combat Aircraft Data	3
Public Opinion in Conflict Situations: A Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Russia During the War on Ukraine	3
Military spending and growth: empirical evidence from a post-Keynesian model	3
Indirect Rivalries and Civil Wars: Empirical Evidence	3
Does Comprehensive Geopolitical Risk Deter FDI Outflows: Evidence from China	3
‘Explaining the persistence of defense offsets in a supply-driven arms trade’	3
Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited	2
The impact of US elections on US defense industry: firm-level evidence from 1996 to 2022	2
Offset Multipliers and Defence Industrial Policy Efficiency	2
Terrorism and Immigration Policy Preferences	2
Food and peace? Exploring the link between conflict and food insecurity in Africa	2

Can Sanctions Backfire?	2
Conflict Trajectories and Education: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from India	2
Does military spending really support economic growth in small island countries? a comparative study of five small island countries	2
Unpacking the effect of coup d’état on energy poverty in Africa	2
Military expenditures as a part of endogenous fiscal policy in 21 EU-NATO countries: the fiscal consequences of rising defence budgets	2
Building a Defence Manpower Planning Tool Using Survival Analysis Models	2
Determinants of External, Domestic, and Total Public Debt in Nigeria: The Role of Conflict, Arms Imports, and Military Expenditure	2
The Role of Reserves in Mitigating Sanctions’ Impact on Economic Growth	2
Does Increase in Defence Spending Lead to More Risk of Sovereign Debt Defaults?	2
The market dynamics of military conflict: financial returns and strategic considerations in the global arms industry	2
How Does the Russian-Ukrainian War Rock Stock and Commodity Markets? Fresh Insights from Joint Network-Connectedness Analysis	2
Insecurity and Ambition: Dual Drivers of Chinese Innovation?	2
Shooting the Economy in the Foot: The Economic Effects of School Shootings in America	1
On What Topics Does the Scientific Community Cooperate in Defense Economics? A Science Mapping of the First 30 Years of the Journal Defence and Peace Economics	1
Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective	1
Deterring Delays in Public Goods Contributions: The Role of Communication and Rewards	1
Military Technology, Defense Spending and Modernization of the Armed Forces: The Case of Spain, 1891-1935	1
Should we sell arms to human rights violators? What the public thinks	1
The Role of Stakeholders in Managing Government Research and Development Funding for Defence Industrial Innovation: The Case of Malaysia	1
Military influence in civilian institutions: analyzing ethnic group political and economic exclusion	1
Misalignment of interests and threat perceptions: a dynamic study of NATO defense contributions	1
Redefining the Nexus of Military Spending Among Southeast Mediterranean Countries in the Presence of Nonlinearities	1
Economic Echoes of Conflict: Evaluating the Palestine-Israel War’s Influence on Middle Eastern Markets	1
Mitigating the Risk of Advanced Cyber Attacks: The Role of Quality, Covertness and Intensity of Use of Cyber Weapons	1
Defence Spending and Income Inequality. An Asymmetric Empirical Evidence from a Decomposition Analysis of Defence Spending in the Case of Greece	1
Disinformation Strategies	1
Geopolitical risk and the volatility of GCC stock markets around the war on the Gaza Strip	1
The Military Rise of China: The Real Defence Budget Over Two Decades	1
The Economic Cost of A Nuclear Weapon: A Synthetic Control Approach	1
Measuring Productivity of the Spanish Defence Industry	1
Augustine Investments and Weapons Systems	1
European Defence Industries’ Sales Performance: A Benefit-Of-The-Doubt Based Comparative Analysis	1
Singapore’s ’Total Defence’ Strategy	1
21^st Century Evidence on the Effect of Terror Attacks on Eurozone Stock Markets	1
The Schooling Gap between the Deep South and the Rest of the South in Thailand	1
Potential Negative Externalities of Private Military Entrepreneurs from an Economic Perspective	1
The Impact of Peacekeeping on Post-Deployment Earnings for Swedish Veterans	1
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from NATO and Non-NATO Alliances	1
You Work for Us Now: Concentration in University-Performed Defense R&D	1
Nationalism, leaders, and four forms of terrorist groups	1
Costs and Prices of UK Military Aircraft in War and Peace	1
Oil extraction, grievances, and conflict: evidence from Niger Delta and South Sudan	1
Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians?	1
The Political Economy of Wargaming	1
Assessing the Impact of Military and Civilian R&D on Performance	1
Rethinking the guns vs. butter tradeoff: a non-linear and regime-conditioned approach in the military and health spending	1
NATO’s Approach to Multi-Domain Operations: From the Perspective of the Economics of Alliances	1
Audience costs and the risk of war under effective brinkmanship deterrence	1
Proto-Insurgency, Repression-Driven Contagion, and Civil War Onset	1
The Taliban’s Return to Power: An Empirical Analysis of the Afghan Peace Negotiations of 2018–2020	1