OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Defence and Peace Economics is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-09-01 to 2025-09-01.)

Article	Citations
The Economic Benefits of North Warning System Modernization	31
Drivers and Impact of European Defence Market Integration: A Literature Meta-Synthesis with Economic Focus	21
Geopolitical risk spillovers and interconnectedness: evidence from the MENA region and key global powers	14
Modeling economic sanctions as a stochastic game: insights from Russia, Libya, and Iran	13
High Unemployment and the Armed Forces: The Costs and Benefits of Recruiting Military Personnel in Norway	13
The Spectrum of Strategic Autonomy in EU Defence Supply Chains	12
Military Spending Composition and Economic Growth	12
Natural resource dependence and war nexus: new insights	12
Demand for Military Expenditures and Security Alignment Choices in the Indo-Pacific	12
Modest and balanced: the US defense budget buildup during the first Trump administration, 2017–2020	12
Geopolitical Risk and Stock-Bond Interplay: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Assets in the GCC	11
Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans	11
Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment	11
The Dynamics of the Global Arms Trade Network: States’ Stability and Instability	11
The Evolution Towards the Partial Strategic Autonomy of Sweden’s Essential Security Interests	10
Readiness Through International Cooperation: Finnish Defence Industrial Strategy in Changing Operational Environment from the Mid-1990s to the Early 2020s	9
The Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe	9
Long-term Consequences of Civil War in Tajikistan: The Gendered Impact on Education and Labor Market Outcomes	9
Fertile ground for conflict: evidence revisited using spatial first differences	9
The impact of armed conflicts and forced migration on labour markets: systematic literature review and future research agenda	8
Corruption, ICT and Military Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa	8
Forecasting Costs of U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Against a Major Nuclear Strike	8
Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy	8
Unemployment and Military Labour Supply: A Study on Belgian Data for the Period 2005-2020	7
Scientometric Analysis of the Relationship between Expenditure on Defence and Economic Growth: Current Situation and Future Perspectives	7

Within Ethnic Population Inequality and within Self-Determination Movement Violence	6
Civil War Outcomes and Egalitarian Democracy in Post-Civil War States: A Cross-National Analysis, 1946-2018	6
Reassessing the military spending–economic growth nexus in the ‘shadows’: selected Balkan countries, 1990–2022	6
Constraining Compliance? Reconsidering the Effect of Veto Players on Sanctions Success	6
Technological Emergence and Military Technology Innovation	6
Military spending and the fear hypothesis	6
Verification of Peace Accords and Military Expenditures in Post-Conflict Societies	6
Extractive Politics, Redistribution, and War: On the Rationality of Kleptocratic Mismanagement	6
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?	5
Long-Run Equilibrium Between Military Expenditure and GDP with Non-Linear Structural Breaks in NATO Member States	5
Conflict with Third-Party Intervention and Revenge: A Game-Theoretic Exploration	5
Concentration and Innovation in the Defence Industry: A Stochastic Game	5
The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth: A New Instrumental Variables Approach	5
A theoretical treatment of foreign fighters and terrorism	5
The Ascent of Geopolitics: Scientometric Analysis and Ramifications of Geopolitical Risk	4
Arms Spending and War Casualties: Understanding the Strategic Trade-Offs in Warfare	4
Courtship, Honeymoon, and Stabilisation? Military Expenditures of New NATO Member Countries Before and After the 1999–2020 Enlargements	4
Developments in Military Expenditure and the Effects of the War in Ukraine	4
Guns vs health: unraveling the interplay between geopolitical risk, arms race and health expenditure	4
The Effect of the US Macroeconomic Indicators on the International Geopolitical Risk	4
The economic costs and benefits of the European Future Combat Air System	4
Tourism demand recovery following terrorism ceasefire: the case of the basque country	4
Defence Partnerships and Economic Dynamics: An Analysis in PESCO Countries	4
Equilibrium in an asymmetric war of attrition with a fight option	4
European Defence: No Zeitenwende Yet	4
Cybersecurity For Defense Economists	4
International Transmission of Fiscal News Shock: Evidence from Defense Spending	4
Asymmetric Effects of Positive and Negative Commodity Price Shocks During Civil Wars	4
Does Comprehensive Geopolitical Risk Deter FDI Outflows: Evidence from China	3
‘Explaining the persistence of defense offsets in a supply-driven arms trade’	3
Does Increase in Defence Spending Lead to More Risk of Sovereign Debt Defaults?	3
Introducing Missile Tests Dataset	3
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Spend More and Better’	3
Sanctions, Co-Sanctions, and Counter-Sanctions: A Multilateral, Evolutionary Game Among Three Global Powers	3
Public Opinion in Conflict Situations: A Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Russia During the War on Ukraine	3
Cross-Check on Combat Aircraft Data	3
Does Terrorism Affect Foreign Greenfield Investments?	3
When Military Interventions Decrease Military Power. Evidence from the French Case	3
Warming, cooling, commodity prices, and conflict: do UN peacekeeping troops reduce the effects?	3
Indirect Rivalries and Civil Wars: Empirical Evidence	3
Canada and the NORAD: Economics and Burden Sharing	3
Economic Growth’s Catalyzing Effect on War	3
Collective Action and Intra-Group Conflict: An Experiment	3
Does military spending really support economic growth in small island countries? a comparative study of five small island countries	2
Organisational Complexity of the Eurofighter Typhoon Collaborative Supply Chain	2
The Role of Reserves in Mitigating Sanctions’ Impact on Economic Growth	2
Can Sanctions Backfire?	2
Augustine Investments and Weapons Systems	2
Food and peace? Exploring the link between conflict and food insecurity in Africa	2
Offset Multipliers and Defence Industrial Policy Efficiency	2

Terrorism and Immigration Policy Preferences	2
Insecurity and Ambition: Dual Drivers of Chinese Innovation?	2
Conflict Trajectories and Education: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from India	2
Singapore’s ’Total Defence’ Strategy	2
Building a Defence Manpower Planning Tool Using Survival Analysis Models	2
The impact of US elections on US defense industry: firm-level evidence from 1996 to 2022	2
How Does the Russian-Ukrainian War Rock Stock and Commodity Markets? Fresh Insights from Joint Network-Connectedness Analysis	2
Determinants of External, Domestic, and Total Public Debt in Nigeria: The Role of Conflict, Arms Imports, and Military Expenditure	2
Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited	2
Effects of Geopolitical Risks on Gold Market Return Dynamics: Evidence from a Nonparametric Causality-in-quantiles Approach	2
21^st Century Evidence on the Effect of Terror Attacks on Eurozone Stock Markets	1
Measuring Productivity of the Spanish Defence Industry	1
Costs and Prices of UK Military Aircraft in War and Peace	1
The Political Economy of Wargaming	1
Assessing the Impact of Military and Civilian R&D on Performance	1
The Effects of Rising Terrorism on a Small Capital Market: Evidence from Tunisia	1
Shooting the Economy in the Foot: The Economic Effects of School Shootings in America	1
On What Topics Does the Scientific Community Cooperate in Defense Economics? A Science Mapping of the First 30 Years of the Journal Defence and Peace Economics	1
Geopolitical risk and the volatility of GCC stock markets around the war on the Gaza Strip	1
NATO’s Approach to Multi-Domain Operations: From the Perspective of the Economics of Alliances	1
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from NATO and Non-NATO Alliances	1
An Unchained Dog of War: An Examination of the Lack of Constraint on Presidential Uses of Force in the Modern Era	1
Should we sell arms to human rights violators? What the public thinks	1
Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians?	1
Audience costs and the risk of war under effective brinkmanship deterrence	1
Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective	1
The Taliban’s Return to Power: An Empirical Analysis of the Afghan Peace Negotiations of 2018–2020	1
Deterring Delays in Public Goods Contributions: The Role of Communication and Rewards	1
You Work for Us Now: Concentration in University-Performed Defense R&D	1
Redefining the Nexus of Military Spending Among Southeast Mediterranean Countries in the Presence of Nonlinearities	1
Military Technology, Defense Spending and Modernization of the Armed Forces: The Case of Spain, 1891-1935	1
The Military Rise of China: The Real Defence Budget Over Two Decades	1
The Role of Stakeholders in Managing Government Research and Development Funding for Defence Industrial Innovation: The Case of Malaysia	1
European Defence Industries’ Sales Performance: A Benefit-Of-The-Doubt Based Comparative Analysis	1
Disinformation Strategies	1
The Economic Cost of A Nuclear Weapon: A Synthetic Control Approach	1
The Impact of Peacekeeping on Post-Deployment Earnings for Swedish Veterans	1
Nationalism, leaders, and four forms of terrorist groups	1
Sharing the Burden of Hybrid Threats: Lessons from the Economics of Alliances	1