OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Defence and Peace Economics is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)

Article	Citations
The Economic Benefits of North Warning System Modernization	41
Determinants of the global arms imports: a revisit	39
Modeling economic sanctions as a stochastic game: insights from Russia, Libya, and Iran	24
Drivers and Impact of European Defence Market Integration: A Literature Meta-Synthesis with Economic Focus	23
A transformation of political violence? Substitution and complementarity in terrorism and civil war	20
Modest and balanced: the US defense budget buildup during the first Trump administration, 2017–2020	18
Natural resource dependence and war nexus: new insights	18
Geopolitical risk spillovers and interconnectedness: evidence from the MENA region and key global powers	18
The Spectrum of Strategic Autonomy in EU Defence Supply Chains	15
Geopolitical Risk and Stock-Bond Interplay: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Assets in the GCC	15
Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans	14
Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment	13
After the war begins: Ukraine’s shock and Spain’s accelerated continuity in defence procurement	13
Lights are flashing red! Unravelling the persistent effect of terrorism on Africa’s economic activity	13
Readiness Through International Cooperation: Finnish Defence Industrial Strategy in Changing Operational Environment from the Mid-1990s to the Early 2020s	12
Fertile ground for conflict: evidence revisited using spatial first differences	12
Long-term Consequences of Civil War in Tajikistan: The Gendered Impact on Education and Labor Market Outcomes	12
Forecasting Costs of U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Against a Major Nuclear Strike	11
The impact of armed conflicts and forced migration on labour markets: systematic literature review and future research agenda	10
Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy	10
The Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe	10
Macroeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine on Central and Eastern European economies: a SVAR analysis	10
Military spending and the fear hypothesis	9
Unemployment and Military Labour Supply: A Study on Belgian Data for the Period 2005-2020	9
Verification of Peace Accords and Military Expenditures in Post-Conflict Societies	9

Extractive Politics, Redistribution, and War: On the Rationality of Kleptocratic Mismanagement	9
Constraining Compliance? Reconsidering the Effect of Veto Players on Sanctions Success	9
Concentration and Innovation in the Defence Industry: A Stochastic Game	9
Reassessing the military spending–economic growth nexus in the ‘shadows’: selected Balkan countries, 1990–2022	9
Within Ethnic Population Inequality and within Self-Determination Movement Violence	9
Beyond U.S. Guarantees: can Europe defend the Baltic without American ground forces?	8
European Defence: No Zeitenwende Yet	7
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?	7
Long-Run Equilibrium Between Military Expenditure and GDP with Non-Linear Structural Breaks in NATO Member States	7
The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth: A New Instrumental Variables Approach	7
A theoretical treatment of foreign fighters and terrorism	7
Europe’s dependence on US foreign military sales: evidence for policy makers from a new database	7
Arms Spending and War Casualties: Understanding the Strategic Trade-Offs in Warfare	6
Developments in Military Expenditure and the Effects of the War in Ukraine	6
The economic costs and benefits of the European Future Combat Air System	6
Courtship, Honeymoon, and Stabilisation? Military Expenditures of New NATO Member Countries Before and After the 1999–2020 Enlargements	6
Equilibrium in an asymmetric war of attrition with a fight option	6
Reassessing the military expenditure–economic growth nexus in the context of geopolitical risk: evidence from Poland	6
Cybersecurity For Defense Economists	6
Tourism demand recovery following terrorism ceasefire: the case of the Basque country	5
International Transmission of Fiscal News Shock: Evidence from Defense Spending	5
Asymmetric Effects of Positive and Negative Commodity Price Shocks During Civil Wars	5
United Nations peacekeeping operations and health expenditure in Africa	5
Defence Partnerships and Economic Dynamics: An Analysis in PESCO Countries	5
External support for insurgents in civil conflicts: a bipartite network analysis, 1989–2017	5
Guns vs health: unraveling the interplay between geopolitical risk, arms race and health expenditure	5
Crime control or power projection? Explaining the contemporary militarisation of nation states’ coercive apparatus between 2011 and 2021	5
Christian nationalism, apocalypticism, outgroup hate, and support for violent extremism	5
Saudi Arabia’s defence industrial transition: from vision to reality?	5
Warming, cooling, commodity prices, and conflict: do UN peacekeeping troops reduce the effects?	5
Collective Action and Intra-Group Conflict: An Experiment	5
Building a ‘national team’? The private sector in China’s cyber defense	4
Sanctions, Co-Sanctions, and Counter-Sanctions: A Multilateral, Evolutionary Game Among Three Global Powers	4
Indirect Rivalries and Civil Wars: Empirical Evidence	4
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Spend More and Better’	4
Structural shifts in the global arms trade by weapon type: shifting core transfer states and network multipolarity	4
Does Comprehensive Geopolitical Risk Deter FDI Outflows: Evidence from China	4
The market dynamics of military conflict: financial returns and strategic considerations in the global arms industry	4
When Military Interventions Decrease Military Power. Evidence from the French Case	4
Military spending and growth: empirical evidence from a post-Keynesian model	4
Public Opinion in Conflict Situations: A Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Russia During the War on Ukraine	4
Cross-Check on Combat Aircraft Data	3
Unpacking the effect of coup d’état on energy poverty in Africa	3
Come sail your ships around me: wartime trade, distance, and the impact of the global shipping industry on the pacifying effect of trade	3
Canada and the NORAD: Economics and Burden Sharing	3
Trade and military spending in Taiwan	3
The impact of US elections on US defense industry: firm-level evidence from 1996 to 2022	3
‘Explaining the persistence of defense offsets in a supply-driven arms trade’	3
Does military spending really support economic growth in small island countries? a comparative study of five small island countries	3
Does Increase in Defence Spending Lead to More Risk of Sovereign Debt Defaults?	3

The Role of Reserves in Mitigating Sanctions’ Impact on Economic Growth	2
How Does the Russian-Ukrainian War Rock Stock and Commodity Markets? Fresh Insights from Joint Network-Connectedness Analysis	2
Singapore’s ’Total Defence’ Strategy	2
Assessing the Impact of Military and Civilian R&D on Performance	2
Defence industrial patterns in Dependent Market Economies	2
Insecurity and Ambition: Dual Drivers of Chinese Innovation?	2
Building a Defence Manpower Planning Tool Using Survival Analysis Models	2
Can Sanctions Backfire?	2
European Defence Industries’ Sales Performance: A Benefit-Of-The-Doubt Based Comparative Analysis	2
Military expenditures as a part of endogenous fiscal policy in 21 EU-NATO countries: the fiscal consequences of rising defence budgets	2
Offset Multipliers and Defence Industrial Policy Efficiency	2
Food and peace? Exploring the link between conflict and food insecurity in Africa	2
Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited	2
Conflict Trajectories and Education: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from India	2
Military influence in civilian institutions: analyzing ethnic group political and economic exclusion	2
Determinants of External, Domestic, and Total Public Debt in Nigeria: The Role of Conflict, Arms Imports, and Military Expenditure	2
NATO’s Approach to Multi-Domain Operations: From the Perspective of the Economics of Alliances	1
Profitability of Defense Companies in the US and Europe	1
Economic Echoes of Conflict: Evaluating the Palestine-Israel War’s Influence on Middle Eastern Markets	1
The Taliban’s Return to Power: An Empirical Analysis of the Afghan Peace Negotiations of 2018–2020	1
Rethinking the guns vs. butter tradeoff: a non-linear and regime-conditioned approach in the military and health spending	1
You Work for Us Now: Concentration in University-Performed Defense R&D	1
Economic effects of global security deterioration on Czech defence industry revenues	1
Audience costs and the risk of war under effective brinkmanship deterrence	1
Nationalism, leaders, and four forms of terrorist groups	1
Affordable housing supply and dual-use innovation: evidence from China	1
The spatial dimension of conflict and economic resilience: a gravity analysis of the Russia-Ukraine war’s impact on the EU across GDP, inflation and macroeconomic indicators	1
Misalignment of interests and threat perceptions: a dynamic study of NATO defense contributions	1
Redefining the Nexus of Military Spending Among Southeast Mediterranean Countries in the Presence of Nonlinearities	1
Oil extraction, grievances, and conflict: evidence from Niger Delta and South Sudan	1
Military Spending and Economic Output: A Decomposition Analysis of the US Military Budget	1
Potential Negative Externalities of Private Military Entrepreneurs from an Economic Perspective	1
The Impact of Peacekeeping on Post-Deployment Earnings for Swedish Veterans	1
On What Topics Does the Scientific Community Cooperate in Defense Economics? A Science Mapping of the First 30 Years of the Journal Defence and Peace Economics	1
The Military Rise of China: The Real Defence Budget Over Two Decades	1
Deterring Delays in Public Goods Contributions: The Role of Communication and Rewards	1
Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective	1
Mitigating the Risk of Advanced Cyber Attacks: The Role of Quality, Covertness and Intensity of Use of Cyber Weapons	1
Breaking down silos: civil-military integration innovation zones and defense technological innovation capabilities	1
The Political Economy of Wargaming	1
Class warfare and socio-economic exclusion: the political-institutional consequences of left-wing terrorism	1
Disinformation Strategies	1
Talking about the [same] revolution? A comparative analysis of main datasets of revolutionary events	1
Proto-Insurgency, Repression-Driven Contagion, and Civil War Onset	1
Defence Spending and Income Inequality. An Asymmetric Empirical Evidence from a Decomposition Analysis of Defence Spending in the Case of Greece	1
Geopolitical risk and the aerospace & defense sector: implications for risk management and portfolio optimization	1
Geopolitical risk and the volatility of GCC stock markets around the war on the Gaza Strip	1
The effects of the 2024 U.S. presidential election and the 2025 Trump–Zelenskyy meeting on European defence stocks: an event study analysis	1
Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from NATO and Non-NATO Alliances	1
Military Technology, Defense Spending and Modernization of the Armed Forces: The Case of Spain, 1891-1935	1
Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians?	1
Assessing the importance of the European armament sector: a multiregional approach	1
Should we sell arms to human rights violators? What the public thinks	1