Progress in Natural Science-Materials International

Papers
(The median citation count of Progress in Natural Science-Materials International is 5. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-05-01 to 2025-05-01.)
ArticleCitations
Irradiation damage behavior of the non-equal atomic AlNbMoZrB high-entropy alloy121
Defects in monolayer WS2 grown via sulfurization of WSe2118
Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence via phase engineering of Cr3+-doped crystals79
Multi-objective optimization for shape memory alloys with large recoverable strain and low hysteresis76
Further mechanism of α/β interphase boundary evolution and dynamic globularization of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr at elevated temperature deformation75
Porous bismuth nanocrystals with advanced sodium ion storage property69
MOF-derived Fe based catalysts for efficiently Advanced Oxidation Processes: From single atoms to diatomic and nanoparticles67
Al, Zr dual-doped cobalt-free nickel-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries62
Immobilized ZnO based nanostructures and their environmental applications61
Supramolecular self-assembly of nickel (Ⅱ)-substituted α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate and polyaniline coated Fe2O3 hollow nanospindle for microwave absorption application58
Reduced graphene oxide wrapped 3D-ultrathin CoS2 nanoflakes as an absorbing material with enhanced microwave absorption51
Hygrothermal and temperature effects on load-carrying capacity and failure mechanism of open-hole laminates prepared with narrow tape prepreg of GFRP43
Recent advances in magnetic electrospun nanofibers for cancer theranostics application42
Plane-controlled growth strategy improves electrochemical performance of cobalt-free LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode41
Comprehensive hydrogen storage properties of free-V Ti1-Zr Mn0.9Cr07Fe0.1 alloys with different Zr substitution content38
MXene and MXene-based materials for lithium-sulfur batteries37
Microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V under cold rolling + low temperature nitriding process37
Ameliorating mechanical properties and reducing anisotropy of as-extruded Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy via Al addition35
MIL-100(Fe)-based functional materials for water decontamination: A state of the art review35
Enhancement of magnesium aluminate-based nickel and cobalt nanostructured catalysts with iron for improved performance in carbon dioxide methanation33
Probing the interlayer mechanical coupling of 2D layered materials - A review32
Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on Ti–Ta-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy32
Boosting electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation at single-crystalline Ni nanosheets with embedded NiZn28
Research progress on electrolyte key salts for sodium-ion batteries28
Recent advances in porous structures for oxygen reduction reaction27
Control the growth of Fe3O4 on the surface of saponite and its redox effect on Cr (VI)27
Mangosteen peel-derived activated carbon for supercapacitors27
Accurate prediction of pitting corrosion in aluminum alloys via integrated multi-model methods26
An improved laser flash method for thermal conductivity measurement of molten salts25
From ore to MOF: A case of MIL-100(Fe) production from iron ore concentrates24
A novel Li-ion based transistor within LiCoO2/Li6.75La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12/Ag scheme23
Polyimide/titanium dioxide self-cleaning nano-hybrid films with high photocatalytic properties23
A new perspective on hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol over heterogeneous catalysts23
A regeneration strategy based on synchronous utilization in surface impurities of degradation nickel-rich material22
Microstructure and electrical conductivity of 10% Yb-doped SrCeO3 ceramics22
Unraveling the oxygen evolution activity of biomass-derived porous carbon plate as self-supported metal-free electrocatalyst for water splitting21
The impact of solution time on the microstructure and properties of NiTip/6061 Al matrix composites fabricated by hot pressing and extrusion21
Effect of strengthening mechanisms on mechanical properties of alumina-forming austenitic steel after pre-strain21
Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling20
Effect of the withdrawal rate on the microstructure and thermal durability of a third-generation single crystal superalloy20
The effect of metal/non-metal ratio on the microstructure and magnetic properties of (MnFe) (P0.5Si0.5) microwires20
Intelligent proportioning model of converter scrap based on optimization algorithm20
Large pyroelectric current generation induced by droplet cooling19
Optimizing large optical contrast in Ge-Se-Te films via high-throughput method19
Effects of Mo addition on microstructure of a 4th generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy19
Effect of temperature on carrier transport and photoconductivity of Mn-doped FeS2 thin films19
Hot-corrosion behavior associated with the evolution of corrosion scales of a Ni-based superalloy in molten salts19
A new multi-stage creep aging process for improving creep age formability and maintaining performance of Al-Li alloy18
A review on recent progress of non-stoichiometric SiOx anodes based on lithium ion batteries18
Enhanced resistive switching properties of HfAlOx/ZrO2- based RRAM devices18
Recent advances in research on cathodes for low-temperature sodium-ion batteries18
In vitro corrosion behavior of the extruded Mg–4Zn–1Mn alloy in different physiological solutions for biomedical applications18
MXene-carbon quantum dot hybrid memristor with progressive conductance tuning for artificial synaptic application18
Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and crystallographic characters for Fe3O4 seam-free on J82B steel from 650 ​°C17
Advancements in synthetic and electrocatalytic exploitation of guest-host intercalated 2D materials17
Size-controlled synthesis of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles and their superparamagnetic properties tailoring17
Preparation and properties of chitosan-VC loaded nano-silver-doped natural latex17
Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Cl17
Microstructure and oxidation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced SiC composite (Cf/SiC) with Mo–57Si–10B oxidation protection coating16
Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys16
Surface structural transformation of Ni2P@C electrocatalysts for overall alkaline water splitting16
Strong interaction and confine effect of manganese oxide-cobalt embedded in self-templated nitrogen-doped carbon enable ultra-stable zinc-air batteries16
Advanced ferroferric oxide-based composites for lithium-ion battery: Recent developments and future perspectives16
High-throughput synthesis of oxidation-resistant Nb–Si based alloy thin film by magnetron co-sputtering16
Tracing monoclinic distortion in NCM532 cathode materials by in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction15
Cobalt coordination modified double-schiff-base with low solubility as a long-cycle life anode for sodium-ion batteries15
Protonated-amino-functionalized bamboo hydrochar for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium and methyl orange15
A review of crystal defect-induced element segregation in multi-component alloy steels15
The well-designed wollastonite-ZnIn2S4 composite photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production15
Deformation mechanism and quantitative characterization of Al2O3 inclusions in powder metallurgy superalloys15
Synthesis and characterization of red-emitting Yb/Ho-CaSiO3 upconversion phosphors15
Highly stable N-containing polymer-based Fe/Nx/C electrocatalyst for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell applications15
Construction of uniform CuO nanoshells and its application in high-voltage cathode materials15
Impacts of local chemical ordering on the primary radiation damage in Cr–Fe–Ni multi-principal element alloys15
Graphene oxide-covered melamine foam utilizing as a hybrid foam toward organic dye removal and recyclability15
Engineering biomass-derived CO2 capture materials via hydrothermal processes14
Co-MOF-derived stalk-flower like NiCo-LDH homostructure towards boosting electrochemical energy storage14
Precipitation kinetics and strengthening of M23C6 in novel G115 martensitic steel: Utilizing secondary normalizing14
Iron manganese silicate incorporated bioactive hydrogels for therapy of skin tumor14
Research advances on electrode materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells14
Structure and effect of diamagnetism on manganese lithium phosphate glass to cathode materials application14
Hot deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of 2195 Al–Li alloy with various pre-precipitation microstructures14
Preferential adsorption control: Ca-based LDO for regenerating used lubricating oil14
Green economy and waste management: An inevitable plan for materials science14
Effect of temperature and stress on high temperature creep behavior of Ni3Al-based single crystal superalloy14
Ultrafastly activated needle coke as electrode material for supercapacitors14
Metal–air batteries: A review on current status and future applications14
Enhanced air-poisoning resistance in vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloy by addition of Si14
Flexible micro-supercapacitors fabricated from MnO2 nanosheet/graphene composites with black phosphorus additive13
The effect of surface-free energy and microstructure on the condensation mechanism of water vapor13
Structural engineering of clay minerals for heavy metal remediation: Molecular mechanisms, performance enhancement, and sustainable applications13
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based wrought superalloys under thermal-mechanical coupling: A review with Inconel 718, 625 as main cases13
High temperature liquid shock manufacturing of RuNi catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction13
FeCo-based mesoporous carbon shells modified N-doped porous carbon spheres for oxygen reduction reaction13
Advancements in the modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials13
Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of benzene and toluene in aqueous environments using Sb–SnO2-doped TiO2 nanotubes modified by hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)13
Low cycle fatigue behavior of micro-grain casting K4169 superalloy at room temperature13
Molecular dynamics simulation of rhenium effects on creep behavior of Ni-based single crystal superalloys13
Preparation of low cobalt-doped LiNiO2 materials by the spray pyrolysis method13
Bimagnetic metal constructed core-shell structure of Fe@Co nanowires for multi-band microwave absorption13
Judgment of blast furnace iron-tapping status based on data differential processing and dynamic window analysis algorithm13
Nanomembrane folding origami: Geometry control and micro-machine applications12
Microstructure evolution and strain recovery characteristic of proton-irradiated Ti-rich NiTi thin films12
Zr-xNb-4Sn alloys with low Young’s modulus and magnetic susceptibility for biomedical implants12
Hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle decay mechanism of palladium nanoparticle decorated nitrogen doped graphene12
Editorial Board12
Recycling of stainless steel pickling wastewater and polyethylene terephthalate plastic: A total-waste synthesis of metal-organic framework12
Structural metamaterials with negative mechanical/thermomechanical indices: A review12
Bi2S3/In(OH)3 heterojunction for enhanced CO2 electroreduction to formic acid12
Investigation into the stress‒strain compatibility and fracture behaviour of a TC18 titanium alloy with a multistage lamellar microstructure12
From waste to added-value product: A case of efficient separation and recovery of zinc and iron from spent galvanizing acid12
Ultrathin wavy nanowires of high-entropy alloy as cocktail solution in methanol oxidation reaction12
Fabrication and performance of 3C–SiC photocathode materials for water splitting12
High strength and ductility of cast Mg-9Gd-1.5Y-0.8Zn-0.3Zr alloy achieved by microstructural regulation12
Advances in CO-tolerant anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells11
Unveiling the role of Zn dopants in NiFe phosphide nanosheet for oxygen evolution reaction11
Regulation of charge density wave and superconductivity in kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 by intercalation11
Corrosion resistance and thermal stability of sputtered Fe44Al34Ti7N15 and Al61Ti11N28 thin films for prospective application in oil and gas industry11
Studies on the effects of pre-firing and sintering temperature on NSDC nanocomposite electrolytes11
Current Research Progress in Magnesium Borohydride for Hydrogen Storage (A review)11
The formation and temperature stability of microemulsion emulsified by polyoxyethylene ether surfactant11
Fabrication and biological evaluation of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)/bioceramic composites11
Dielectric AlN/epoxy and SiC/epoxy composites with enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties at low temperatures11
Advances in purification technologies and applications of high-purity quartz resources11
Creep behavior and effect factors of a TiAl–Nb alloy at high temperature10
Microscopic strengthening and failure mechanisms of graphene/Al composite: A molecular dynamics study10
Ethylbenzene adsorption on pristine, doped and vacancy-defective Ti2C nanosheets: A DFT study10
A modified maxwell-pulse thermoplastic constitutive model of in-situ Ta-particle reinforced Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites10
Green, sustainable and massive synthesis of sodium vanadate nanowires toward industrialization10
Laser powder bed fusion of Al-Mg-Zn-Cu-Si-Sc-Zr alloy synergistically strengthened by Mg2Si, L12-Al3(Sc, Zr), and η′ multiple nano-particles10
Magnetic field induced synthesis of (Ni, Zn)Fe2O4 spinel nanorod for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction10
Editorial Board10
Efficient and highly selective photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by an active two-dimensional covalent organic framework10
Zero thermal expansion in NiPt(CN)610
Construction of multiple heterogeneous interfaces and oxygen evolution reaction of hollow CoFe bimetallic phosphides derived from MOF template10
Double effects of recrystallization behavior on grain morphology evolution and mechanical properties of Al/Mg/Al composite plate by hard plate rolling10
A facile data-driven battery capacity estimation framework for on-road plug-in hybrid electric vehicle10
Behaviors and interactions of strengthening and constraint for ductile Nbss matrix in Nb–Si based alloys10
Pathway for high-energy density LiMnFePO4 cathodes10
Optimization of porous structures via machine learning for solar thermochemical fuel production10
Regulating charge heterogeneity of lithium-ion battery via tab design toward maximizing extreme fast-charging performance10
Low cycle fatigue characteristics and life prediction of 316LN austenitic stainless steel10
Study on the interfacial bonding behavior of dissimilar aluminum alloys via additive friction stir deposition10
Influence of carbides and pores on the localized deformation of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys10
Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performance of mesoporous graphene from calcium carbonate by magnesiothermic reaction10
Enhanced hydrogen storage properties of NaBH4–Mg(BH4)2 composites by NdF3 addition10
Enhanced dielectric performance of Dy - substituted YMn2O5 for high-frequency applications10
Three-dimensional Graphene/MnO2 nanowires foam for photothermal-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants10
Preparation of a novel ultra-high strength Al–Si–Cu–Ni alloy at room/elevated temperature by squeeze casting combined with a new heat treatment process9
The microstructure evolution and phase transformation behavior of a β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy during creep9
Dynamic response study of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack9
Influence of modulation period for β-Cu2+xSe/SiC nano-multilayer films on their thermoelectric properties9
Molecular dynamics simulations of microstructure and dislocation evolution of single-crystal Ni-based superalloys under femtosecond laser loading9
Ambient aerobic pretreatment enhances food waste fermentation broth for high content perchlorate biodegradation9
Advanced covalent-organic framework materials for sodium-ion battery9
Hydrogen absorption-desorption characteristic of (Ti0.85Zr0.15)1.1Cr1-xMoxMn based alloys with C14 Laves phase9
Grain refinement and phase precipitation simultaneously improve the strength and ductility of ultra-high strength titanium alloy sheets9
A review on microstructure design, processing, and strengthening mechanism of high-strength titanium alloys9
Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed Sc-modified AlSi10Mg alloy9
Additives strategies to improving cycling stability of Li metal batteries by modifying electrode electrolyte interphases8
A universal and ultrafast method for fabricating a library of nanocellulose-supported metal nanoparticles8
Influence of different rolling processes on microstructure and strength of the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA21958
An oxide precursor route for manufacturing nickel-rich NCM cathode materials through the flame synthesis approach8
In situ synthesis of MIL-53-type eco-MOF from high-alumina fly ash for efficiently removing fluoride from water8
Effect of Ga content on corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn-Ga alloys in Hank's solution8
Synergistic strengthening mechanism of gradient structure AZ31 magnesium alloy plate in hard plate rolling8
Enhanced light harvesting ability in hollow Pt/TiO2 nanoreactor for boosting tetracycline photodegradation8
Pore defects in a nickel-based superalloy with high Ti content8
Novel ZIF-8/ZnS hollow polyhedral heterostructures derived from ZIF-8 with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of aflatoxin B18
Effects of different additives on microstructure and properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys prepared by laser-directed energy deposition8
Fabricating polymer/HEA-hybrid topological lattice structure for enhanced mechanical properties8
Promoted reverse water-gas shift activity on transition metals-incorporated iron-cerium oxide solid solution catalyst8
Improving strength-ductility synchronously of Electron beam welded Ti600/Ti2AlNb joint through isothermal forging8
Improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg–Ga alloy by ageing treatment8
Design and preparation of novel Fe-Si-B-P-C-Nb amorphous /nanocrystalline alloys guided by machine learning8
Effect of different metal element substitution on microstructural and comprehensive hydrogen storage performance of Ti0·9Zr0·1Mn0·95Cr0·7V0.2M0.15 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo) alloy8
Recent advances of flexible sensors for biomedical applications8
Towards understanding the influence of Mg content on phase transformations in the La3-xMgxNi9 alloys by in-situ neutron powder diffraction study8
Insights into friction behavior of textured amorphous carbon and lubricant composite system: Dependence on the lubricant viscosity and textured shape7
Effect of Ce addition on hot corrosion behaviours of a cast γ′-strengthened Co–Al–W–Mo–Ta–B alloy at 800 ​°C7
Addressing peri-implantitis and improving osteointegration: A study on the bioactive properties of a copper ion-releasing composite for implant materials7
The effect of the interface structure on the interfacial bonding strength of Ti/Al clad plates7
Constructing nitrided aluminum metal skeleton to improve the reversibility and cyclicity of Si film electrode7
From longan peel waste to energy storage: Porous activated carbon as a cathode matrix for advanced Li/Na-selenium batteries7
Formation mechanism and removal strategy of residual lithium compounds on nickel-rich cathode materials7
Nanoengineered polypeptides from tetraphenylethylene-functionalized N-carboxyanhydride: Synthesis, self-assembly and intrinsic aggregation-induced emission7
Nanostructure designing and hybridizing of high-capacity silicon-based anode for lithium-ion batteries7
Sprayable coating based on fluorinated silica nanocomposites with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties for advanced concrete7
Research progress of composite cathode materials for Solid oxide fuel cells7
Effect of long-term aging treatment on the tensile strength and ductility of GH 605 superalloy7
Reviews: Microwave-induced oxidation technology and its applications7
Insights into the role of the different supports in copper-based catalysts for propane combustion7
Li-Cu alloy with A preferred single crystal orientation (110) plane for inhibiting dendrite growth in anode-free lithium metal batteries7
Effect of the withdrawal rate on the microstructure and creep behavior of the directionally solidified nickel-based superalloy7
Effect of microstructures restoration on high temperature fatigue behavior of DZ125 superalloy7
Creep behavior and dislocation mechanism of Ni3Al based single crystal alloy IC6SX at 760°C7
Rational design of MnS nanoparticles anchored on N,S-codoped carbon matrix as anode for lithium-ion batteries6
Influence of parameters on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel joint welded by a GMAW welding process6
Immobilization of cross-linked In-doped Mo(O,S)2 on cellulose nanofiber for effective organic-compound degradation under visible light illumination6
Renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) for simultaneously enhanced flame-retardancy and mechanical property of polylactide6
Decoupling opposed thermoelectric parameters via multilayer structure in Bi2Te3-based films6
Advances in TiS2 for energy storage, electronic devices, and catalysis: A review6
Optimization of mechanical properties of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys by the additions of Bi, In and Ti6
S-scheme heterojunction construction of Fe/BiOCl/BiVO4 for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin6
A novel investigation on the influence of Cu–P modifier on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and melting process of Al–50Si alloys treated by overheating6
Effect of initial orientation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy sheets via accumulated extrusion bonding6
In-situ construction of epitaxial phase for boosting zinc nucleation on three-dimensional interface6
Luminescent Cu doped CdTe nanocrystals via cation exchange of Cu7Te5 nanocubes: From undoped to doped emission6
Effect of spark plasma sintering and reinforcements on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in AA2024-TiB2-Y hybrid composites6
Nonclassical crystallization of zinc carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanofilm mediated by calcium ions6
Effective antibacterial and phase change PEG/Cu2O@A-HNTs composites for melt-spun difunctional PA6 fiber6
Controllable preparation of MnCo2O4 spinel and catalytic persulfate activation in organic wastewater treatment: Experimental and immobilized evaluation6
Amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes/polyphosphazene hybrids for improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy6
High-efficiency solution blow spinning of flexible Zr-based ceramic fibers for advanced thermal insulation applications6
Materials as activator of future global science and technology challenges6
Gas-Liquid Interfacial Plasma engineering under dilute nitric acid to improve hydrophilicity and OER performance of nickel foam6
The thin-wall debit of a typical cast polycrystalline M951 alloy5
Facile electrodepositing coral-/urchin-like polyaniline on carbon cloth in salty media as electrode for high-performance flexible supercapacitors5
Li3N film modified separator with homogenization effect of lithium ions for stable lithium metal battery5
Improving mechanical properties of Mg-Sn alloys by co-addition of Li and Al5
Characteristic investigation of trilayered Cu/Al8011/Al1060 composite: Interface morphology, microstructure, and in-situ tensile deformation5
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging of graphene-encapsulated CH3NH3PbI3 solution5
An aldehyde-group-containing energetic ZIF with unprecedented “negative” catalytic properties for seven different energetic materials5
Surface characterization of polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate membranes toward plasma and UV treatments5
Anhydride type film-forming electrolyte additives for high-temperature LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2//graphite pouch cells5
A polyelectrolyte-induced highly processable pigment-like photonic crystal ink5
Mechanical behaviors of extruded Mg alloys with high Gd and Nd content5
Nanometer lanthanum hydroxide modified anionic polymer for deep fluoride removal: Adsorption properties and mechanism study5
Improving the mechanical properties and inhibiting strain softening behavior of the biodegradable Zn-0.06Mg alloy via ECAP plus rolling processing5
Dependence of mechanical behavior on grain size of metastable Ti–Nb–O titanium alloy5
Insight into element segregation mechanisms during creep in γʹ-strengthened Co-based superalloy by elastoplastic phase-field simulation5
A hint from phosphine complex: The π back-bonding in cobalt-phosphorene composite enables enhanced electrocatalytic performance5
Near 30% fractional bandwidth surface acoustic wave filters with novel electrode configuration5
Unlocking Co3O4–ZnO p-n heterojunction for superior acetone gas sensing detection5
An easy CTAB-assisted path towards bayberry-like Ni–Co–Mn ternary hydroxide with enhancing supercapacitor performance5
First-principles calculations to study the optical/electronic properties of 2D VS2 with Z doping (Z = N, P, As, F, Cl and Br)5
Effect of process parameter optimization on morphology and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by selective laser melting5
Emerging organic carbonyl small molecules cathode materials in alkali-ion batteries: Principles, recent progresses, strategies and prospects5
Phase evolution process and hydrogen storage performances of V72Ti18Cr10 alloy prepared by Co-precipitation-reduction method5
Dodecylamine-mediated synthesis of caron-supported platinum-ruthenium alloy nanoparticles with ultrafine sizes towards high-efficiency methanol oxidation electrocatalysis5
Microstructure and wear behavior of Mo–60Si–5B coating doped with 0.5 ​at% La by spark plasma sintering5
Preparation, characterization and antibacterial property of naringin loaded PLGA nanospheres5
Deciphering the dynamic precipitation and annihilation of GBα deviating from the conventional variant selection rule in Ti-652 during hot deformation5
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