Business Strategy and the Environment

Papers
(The TQCC of Business Strategy and the Environment is 18. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)
ArticleCitations
744
Beyond external pressures: How work conditions harm employees' social and environmental responsibilities399
Eco‐Guilt and Eco‐Shame in Translating Green Messaging to Sustainable Action: A Mixed‐Method Application on Sustainable Business Strategies352
Fuelling Organisational Capabilities for Sustainable Innovation Disruption: Performing to Be a Pioneer278
Not All Voices Are Green: Unpacking Supportive, Constructive, and Defensive Green Voice Through GHRM and Personality257
What are the factors that most influence the formation of workers' labor values in order to achieve sustainable development in Latin America?248
Green Hydrogen for Public Transportation: Insights From an ABM and From Palma de Mallorca Case Study240
Does Mixed‐Frequency Data Efficiently Predict Future ESG Ratings? A RMIDAS‐Based Machine Learning Approach234
Leveraging Supplier Integration for Sustainable Supply Chain Practices: A Governance Mechanism Perspective231
Shared Leadership Between Public and Private Leaders in Sustainable Ecosystems228
Antecedents and Moderators for Creating Shared Value in Startups225
When Are Capabilities Necessary? Threshold Effects in Circular Economy Performance Achievement218
Institutional Ownership and Corporate Sustainability Performance—A Meta‐Analysis214
Unpacking the Penetration Gap: Stakeholder Perspectives Behind Low Penetration of Sustainability Measurement Scheme Among Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises192
ESG as a Strategic Pathway to Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Moderated Mediation Perspective in Developed and Developing Economies185
Determinants of firms' initiative and inertia in pursuing climate neutrality strategies—Theoretical explanations and empirical evidence179
Communication Strategies in Hospitality: A Study on Michelin Green Star Sustainable Restaurants177
Lean Service 5.0 in Dairy Production: An Empirical Evaluation From the Perspective of the Sociotechnical and Circular Economy Approach167
More Than 10 Years on: Does a State‐of‐the‐Art Review and Synthesis Offer New Frameworks to Guide Future Design for Remanufacturing Research?166
How Does Government Supervision Affect Firms' Environmental Innovation? The Role of Attention Allocation and Political Connections165
A cluster analysis of the global wind power industry: Insights for renewable energy business stakeholders and environmental policy decision makers159
Board Gender Diversity and Eco‐Innovation: The Moderating Role of Organisational Environmental Orientation154
Open strategy and dynamic capabilities: A framework for circular economy business models research151
Greening the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain147
How Climate Action Perception Shapes the Future of Sustainable Luxury Consumption: Examining the Roles of Digital Environmental Concern and Green Supply Chains for SDG 13145
Stemming the tide: Does climate risk affect M&A performance?141
Examining the interactions among smart supply chains and carbon reduction strategies: To attain carbon neutrality141
In the search for greener buildings: The role of green human resource management139
Rethinking dynamic capabilities in light of sustainability: A bibliometric analysis131
Transparency or Map‐Washing? Digital Geospatial Visualisation Tools in the Palm Oil Industry128
Role of supplier engagement to reduce Scope 3 emissions in circular supply chains123
Issue Information120
Mitigating excessive financialization or promoting innovation? Productivity effects of China's carbon emission trading scheme119
Strategic Shift: The Power of Green Strategy on Sustainability Performance117
Sustainable Supply Chain Strategy Under Carbon Trading116
Females on Board, Stakeholder Orientation, and ESG Disclosure: An Evidence From the Tourism and Transportation Industries116
Symbolic or Substantive Action: Intent, Effort, and Results116
Degrowth attitudes among entrepreneurs hinder fast venture scaling114
The tone of buyer firms' annual reports and suppliers' green innovation: The spillover effects in the supply chain114
From Impact Accounting to Accounting for the Loops: Activating Sustainable Communities for Climate Action112
Corporate Governance and Sustainability Disclosure: Challenges and Opportunities for the Libyan Audit Bureau in the Oil Sector111
Understanding Circular Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review111
Sustainability Strategies and Corporate Legitimacy: Analyzing Firm Performance Through Green Innovation and Technological Turbulence111
Culturally Responsive AI: Integrating Hofstede's Cultural Model in AI‐Driven ESG Strategies111
From Fragmented ESG Priorities to Disclosure: The Role of R&D Intensity and Board Characteristics111
Circular Economy Pathways for Airport Climate Change Mitigation110
‘Do I share because I care?’: Investigating the factors influencing consumer's adoption of shared consumption108
Circular business model innovation and cognitive framing: Addressing the “missing micro”105
Green Marketing Practices and Their Influence on Brand Image and Customer Loyalty105
Big Data capability and sustainability oriented innovation: The mediating role of intellectual capital105
Navigating Paradoxes for Strategic Business Models: Toward Shared Automated Vehicles in Europe105
Towards sustainable development in the hospitality sector: Does green human resource management stimulate green creativity? A moderated mediation model101
Building Regenerative Supply Chains: A Qualitative Study of SMEs in the Agro‐Food Chains100
Navigating a net‐zero economy future: Antecedents and consequences of net‐zero economy‐based green innovation97
Analyzing the integrated effect of circular economy, Lean Six Sigma, and Industry 4.0 on sustainable manufacturing performance from a practice‐based view perspective96
Social, environmental, and economic dimensions of innovation capabilities: Theorizing from sustainable business96
Leading Regenerative Transformation: Cognitive Frame Characteristics Shaping Leaders' Approaches to Organizational Development96
The effect of digitalization on sustainability reporting: The role of sustainability competence, green knowledge integration, and stakeholder pressure94
A Proposed Circular Economy Readiness Framework for the Rail Sector, A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework93
Promoting the European Sustainable Firm: How Economic, Social, and Green Innovation and the AI‐Based Technologies Create Pathways of Social and Environmental Sustainability93
The formation of a sustainable organizational identity: Insights from Brazilian coffee producers92
How the social dimension of ESG influences CEO compensation: Role of CEO and board characteristics91
Managing sustainability—Does the integration of environmental, social and governance key performance indicators in the internal management systems contribute to companies' environmental, social and go91
Environmental, social, and governance reporting in family firms: The critical role of CEO attributes91
Digitalization and sustainable development: How could digital economy development improve green innovation in China?90
Evaluating ESG Initiatives to Eco‐Efficiency Toward Net Zero Emissions: Evidence From Global Value Chain of Taiwanese Semiconductor Manufacturing Companies90
R&D Disclosure and Carbon Performance: A Machine Learning Analysis of Carbon‐Intensive Firms87
Driving toward business sustainability: Empirical evidence from low‐carbon practices87
Building Net‐Zero Carbon Supply Chains: The Mediating Role of Supplier Collaboration, Motivation, and Capability in Preferential Relationships86
Regulation Through Revelation: The Effect of Pollution Monitoring on Labour Demand86
The Influence of Corporate Sustainability Rating Methodology on Disclosure Behavior85
Essential innovation capability of producer‐service enterprises towards circular business model: Motivators and barriers83
Green Finance and Environmental, Social and Governance Performance in Africa: Do Financial Innovation and Regional Integration Matter?83
Regulations, Openness, and Competition: Drivers of Green Innovation in China's Manufacturing Industries82
The role of place in shaping responsibility logics: Revisiting the relation between place and business sustainability82
Institutional Logics and Stakeholder Stances on Sustainability Reporting Regulation. Insights From the European Union Public Consultation82
Cover Image82
Initiating Market Formation Through Local Policy Innovation: Plot Handover as a Driver for Circular Construction81
Low‐Carbon Energy Transition and Corporate Carbon Emissions: The Critical Role of Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Institutional Context80
Effectiveness of Green Public Procurement in Stimulating Green Products and Resource Efficiency in SMEs: Empirical Analysis of the EU Industries79
Policy and Market Mechanisms for Sustainable Finance: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda79
Corporate Digital Responsibility and Environmental Outcomes in Services: Mediating Effects of ESG Performance and Green Reputation, and the Moderating Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth78
Navigating Sustainability Practice in Publicly Listed Family Firms: The U‐Shaped Impact of Family Ownership and the Moderating Role of MBA Leadership78
Applying circular business models in the Chilean construction sector: A system dynamics perspective78
Carbon emissions, fracking, and firm value of U.S. oil and gas firms77
Food System Through the Lens of a Circular Society: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Integrating Literature and Practice77
From Vulnerability to Resilience: Dynamic Capabilities as a Moderating Mechanism Under Environmental Turbulence in Developing Economies77
Environmental Sustainability, Health and Social Wellbeing and Agility in Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0 Transition76
Pathway to Entrepreneurial Success Through Green Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Dynamism76
From Smart Factories to Sustainable Enterprises: How Technological Innovation Bridges Intelligent Manufacturing and ESG Outcomes?76
Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict Investment Intention in Energy Transition by Small Businesses' Owners75
Does corruption sand the wheels of sustainable development? Evidence through green innovation75
Digital Leadership Capability and Environmental Performance: The Role of Digital Technology Alignment and Digital Innovation75
Service Innovation Intentions and Sustainability Transitions: the Case of Cooling Servitization in the Indian Food Cold Chain75
Geopolitical Risk, Market Indices, and ESG Performance During Crises74
Advancing Consumer Studies Through a Systematic Review of Sustainable Consumption and Sustainable Development Goals74
The perfect combination to win the competition: Bringing sustainability and customer experience together74
Exploring Heterogeneous Forms of SDG Washing in the Strategic Integration of Sustainability74
The Impact of ESG Ratings on Financial Performance: Evidence From Developing Economies73
Tracing the Paths to Sustainable Production and Consumption Through Indigenous Directors, Environmental Innovation, and Sustainability Committees72
Does Older Mean Better? Analyses of Boards' Influence on Sustainability Performance71
Integrating Recycling and Emission Reduction: A Business Strategy Analysis With Multi‐Objective Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming Framework for Optimising Sustainable Closed‐Loop Supply Chain Network D71
Internal Marketing of Sustainability: Nonmanagerial Employees' Perspectives in the Hospitality Sector71
Sustainability trade‐offs in the circular economy: A maturity‐based framework70
A good name is rather to be chosen: The impact of CEO reputation incentives on corporate green innovation70
How Political Connections Shape Corporate Sustainability: A Systematic Review and Integrative Framework for Future Research Directions70
Circular economy business models as pillars of sustainability: Where are we now, and where are we heading?70
Luxury hotels' green practices and consumer brand identification: The roles of perceived green service innovation and perceived values70
Supply Chain Innovations for Food Waste and Loss: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda69
How Circular Economy Innovation Can Backfire on the Environment: Quantifying the Rebound Effect of the Textiles and Clothing Sector69
Will more multinational corporations inflow approach closer toward carbon neutrality? Novel propensity score matching‐difference‐in‐difference evidence across 35 developing countries69
Beyond the ESG Facade: Measuring and Addressing Corporate ‘Lip Service’69
Board Supervision Capability and Sustainability Report Disclosure Quality: Evidence From Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises in Taiwan's Construction Industry68
Corporate Anti‐Corruption Disclosure and Corporate Sustainability Performance in the United Kingdom: Does Sustainability Governance Matter?68
Generator Dependence and the Dirty Resilience Trap: Firm Adaptation, Environmental Externalities, and Business Strategy in Africa68
How does green human resource management contribute to saving the environment? Evidence of emerging market manufacturing firms68
The Impact of Family Determinants on the Media Coverage of Family Business Activism in Sustainability68
Beyond Tokenism? Exploring the Impact of Female Employment and Board Representation on ESG Disclosure in an Emerging Economy Under National Vision and SDGs68
Interpreting stakeholder ecosystems through relational stakeholder theory: The case of a highly contested megaproject67
Developing dynamic capabilities for the circular economy in the textile and clothing industry in Italy: A natural‐resource‐based view67
Towards sustainability: An environmental strategy choice, environmental performance, and the moderating role of stakeholder pressure67
Carbon‐Cutting Chess: Strategizing Resilient Low‐Carbon Investments for Supply Chains67
Circular Economy Disclosure and ESG Performance: Signal, Substance, or Symbol?66
Do ESG Commitments and Corporate Governance Shield Banks From Systemic Downside Risk? Evidence From DCC‐MIDAS Approach66
Circular Economy: A Pathway to Integrated Value Creation for Business and Society66
Toward a Bidirectional Loop of Green Brand Image and Sustainable Consumption Behavior: Evidence From Dual Sequential Mediation66
Supply chain transformative capabilities and their microfoundations for circular economy transition: A qualitative study in Made in Italy sectors66
What Role Do Scope 3 Emissions Play in the Carbon Financial Performance Context? Evidence From Disentangling of Scopes 1, 2, and 3 Emission Performance Within the Science‐Based Targets Initiative Sett64
Greening Under Pressure: Climate Change Exposure and Eco‐Innovation64
Issue Information64
Do Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Enhance Corporate Sustainability? The Moderating Roles of Regulation and Management Support63
Corporate Waste Management and Investment Efficiency: Does the CSR Committee Matter? Evidence From France63
Benefit Corporations: The Moral Legitimacy That Requires More Rules63
Sustainable HRM Impact on Employees' Behaviors Through Workplace Spirituality62
Does Managerial Ability Improve Environmental Performance and Overall ESG Ratings? The Impact of the European Sustainability Reporting Mandate62
From Niches to Global Value Chains: The Role of Firms' Collaborative Strategies in the Bioeconomy62
CEO Power and Carbon Emissions Management: Australian Evidence62
Sustainable by Ideology? The Influence of CEO Political Ideology and Ivy League Education on ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) Performance62
Effectiveness of Sustainability Rating Scales in Dual‐Labeling: The Role of Eco‐Label Familiarity in Consumer Responses62
Heterogeneity of Green Investments, Firms' Sales, and Wages: Italian Evidence on Circular Economy, Resource‐Saving, and Energy Efficiency Investments62
Beyond the Win–Win Myth: A Labor Process Theory Account of Green Human Resource Management61
A Business Strategy or Compliance? Review of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Landscape61
Achieving Sustainability Performance Through Circular Economy Practices Under the Influence of Open Innovation and Environmental Dynamism61
Green Strategies in Family Firms: How Governance Heterogeneity Shapes Environmental Management and Performance61
Aligning incentives for implementing reversible bonding as a circular economy innovation61
Issue Information59
Balancing Sustainability and Efficiency: A Flexible Production System With Green Subsidies and Preservation Investment Under Carbon Taxation59
The Dual Growth‐Value Transfer Nexus: Sustaining Corporate Performance Among Hidden Champions to Achieve Sustainable Growth59
Organising for Circularity: An Empirical Analysis of Project Organising and the Development of Circular Economy Firm Capabilities58
Empowering Circular Startups: Unveiling the Blueprint for Circular Business Models58
Reviewing the Integration of Distributive Justice in the Implementation of Science‐Based Targets: A Systematic Literature Review58
When and How does in‐role pro‐environmental behavior spill over to extra‐role behavior: Two experimental studies in the retail and education industries57
57
Critical network factors for eco‐innovation in manufacturing: A Delphi study from a triple helix perspective57
What Constitutes an Attractive Product‐as‐a‐Service Offer? Examining Consumer Preferences for (Circular) Business Patterns56
Sound Financial Practices and Entrepreneurs' Socio‐Environmental Commitment: Revealing the Role of Financial Barriers56
Issue Information55
The Impact of Environmental Orientation and Cooperative Internationalization on the Use of Internationalization Support55
Strategic Green Behavior: Conceptual Foundations and Index Development55
European Ports as Energy Hubs: A Sustainability Index to Assess Territorial Development54
The Interplay Between Behavioral Finance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Investment Decisions: Evidence From Chinese Listed Firms54
How Can Organizations Loosen Growth Dependencies for the Sake of Sustainability? A Literature Review54
Corporate corruption, business strategy and sustainable environment54
From Ecological Degradation to Corporate Rigidity: How Biodiversity Risk Affects Cost Stickiness?54
Economic complexity and environmental degradation: Evidence from OECD countries53
Rethinking Sustainability Indicators for the Extractive Industry: A Multitechnique Statistical Approach53
Can proactive boundary‐spanning search enhance green innovation? The mediating role of organizational resilience53
Does intrinsic motivation or extrinsic pressure matter more? An exploratory study of small businesses going green and innovation53
Beyond Climate Targets: Exploring When and How Female Directors Influence Corporate Decarbonization Transparency52
Environmental Reporting and Financial Performance: Evidence From the Banking Sector in BRICS Countries52
Effective environmental strategy or illusory tactics? Corporate greenwashing and innovation willingness52
Circular Economy Outcomes in Banks: The Role of Environmental Strategy, Women, and the Sustainability Committee52
Governing Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy for Sustainability: Does Institutional Quality Help or Hinder SDGs Progress Across OECD Countries?52
Exploring potential diffusion pathways of biorefinery innovations—An agent‐based simulation approach for facilitating shared value creation52
Harmony in flux: Unraveling the green innovation with organizational forgetting, absorptive capacity, and the jazz of organizational improvisation51
Between Substance and Symbolism: How Resources and Organizational Facades Interact in Voluntary Climate Commitments51
Sustainable Leadership and Green Innovations: Catalysts for Sustainable Business Performance in the Textile Sector of Pakistan51
The Greyer the Greener: CEO Age and Green Innovation51
Carbon emissions trading and corporate green investment: The perspective of external pressure and internal incentive51
Barriers to Low‐Carbon Technology Adoption: Insights From the Automotive Manufacturing Sector in Emerging Economies51
The Impact of Digital‐Green Synergistic Transformation on Firm's Supply Chain Resilience: A Study Based on the Optimal Distinctiveness Theory51
An Integrated Business Strategy for the Twin Transition: Leveraging Digital Product Passports and Circular Economy Models50
Carbon disclosure policy, external financing needs and the cost of capital: Does financial market quality matter?50
Exploring Biodiversity Disclosure and Financial Performance in the European Context: The Moderating Role of Board Experience50
How Companies Move to Circularity: Internal Reorganizing and Adjustment of External Collaboration50
When Purpose Backfires: Threshold Legitimacy Dynamics in Corporate Sustainability Transformation50
Green innovation in emerging economies: The role of managerial ties and market learning50
Emission targeting and carbon emissions: The moderating effect of female directors49
Biodiversity reporting by United Kingdom (UK)‐listed companies: A review of extent, content and readability of disclosures49
Analysis of barriers affecting circular economy adoption in food supply chain: A strategic perspective49
The Role of Carbon Trading in Enhancing Enterprise Green Productivity and ESG Performance: A Quasi‐Natural Evidence From China48
ESG Performance and Dividend Payout: The Moderating Role of ESG Controversies and Legal Systems48
Carbon Emissions, Firm‐Level Climate Change Exposure, and Corporate Cash Reserves48
Beyond technique: The role of the multidimensional nature of energy accounting in shaping a better world47
Sustainability Reporting Assurance in Italian Listed Companies: Understanding the Role of CEO Characteristics47
Dynamic Capabilities for Circular Economy: Leadership, Eco‐Innovation, and the Mediating Role of Digital Transformation47
Unveiling Digital Transformation Challenges in the Rice Supply Chain Toward Sustainability in Thailand: A Strategic Roadmap Analysis47
Are Environmentally Sensitive Firms More Likely to Release Corporate Environmental Disclosures? Evidence From Environmental Risk Management47
Fostering circular economy in small and medium‐sized enterprises: The role of social capital, adaptive capacity, entrepreneurial orientation and a pro‐sustainable environment47
Circular Economy Platforms: A Systematic Review47
Predicting the value‐based determinants of sustainable luxury consumption: A multi‐analytical approach and pathway to sustainable development in the luxury industry47
How Do Institutional Pressures Reshape the Association Between Corporate Sustainability Disclosure and Firm Value in Emerging Economies? The Moderating Role of the Audit Committee Function47
A matter of alignment? Effects of product types and environmental claim framing on consumer evaluation of sustainable foods47
Board gender diversity and ESG decoupling: Does religiosity matter?46
Does mandating ESG reporting reduce ESG decoupling? Evidence from the European Union's Directive 2014/9546
Measuring corporate sustainability in its multidimensionality: A formative approach to integrate ESG and triple bottom line approaches46
Issue Information46
Board competence and green innovation—Does external governance matter?46
The Dark Side of AI Readiness? Institutional Logics, Signalling and Carbon Transition Risk46
Sharing is caring for the environment: But why would managers resist shared mobility?45
Bridging Academic Research and Business Practices at the Crossroad of Circular Economy and the SDGs45
Digitalization and prevention of corruption: Opportunities and risks—Some evidence from the Italian university system45
Issue Information45
Correction to “Determinants of Firms' Initiative and Inertia in Pursuing Climate Neutrality Strategies—Theoretical Explanations and Empirical Evidence”45
Exploring Internal, Market and Institutional Dynamics That Drive Eco‐Innovation: Evidence From Portuguese Companies45
Empowering Firms to Enhance Sustainable Supply Chain Strategies for Competitive Environmental Performance: Firm‐Level Evidence on Governance and Sustainable Business Model Innovation44
Mainstreaming innovative circular economy solutions—A comparative study between entrepreneurs in developed versus emerging markets and developing economies44
Issue Information44
Do Governance Structures Drive Green Building Adoption? A Machine Learning Approach With Random Forests44
Tone Symphony in Climate‐Exposed Firms44
Does ESG Investing Pay off? Comparing the Performance of ESG and Traditional ETFs Across European and US Markets44
ESG, Competitive Intensity, and Firm Performance in the Clothing Industry43
The Generativity Mindsets of Corporations: A New Perspective on Ecological Responsiveness43
Corporate Environmental Responsibility and Cost of Equity Capital: A Meta‐Analytical Review43
Sustainability frontiers of strategic risk management and firm survival: The Altman score effectiveness. A bibliometric analysis43
The Strategic Role of Waste Inventories in Industrial Symbiosis: A Simulation‐Based Perspective on Performance and Resilience of Industrial Symbiosis Networks43
Translating Circularity Into Strategy: A Governance Meta‐Capability Framework43
Issue Information43
Business and Governance Strategies for Circular Economy Valorization of Construction Timber: A Systematic Review43
Carbon reporting regulation: Real effects, external pressures, and internal policies42
Issue Information42
Measuring sustainable transformation of small and medium‐sized enterprises using management systems standards42
Knowledge and innovation management in agribusiness: A study in the Dominican Republic42
Governing the Circular Shift: A Multitheoretical Model of Open Innovation in Circular Economy Ecosystems42
From Breach to Repair: Integrity‐Consistent Board Connections and Firm Value After Corporate Misconduct42
Carbon Performance and Executive Compensation: The Moderating Role of Governance42
Sustainability Paradoxes in Supply Chains: Analyzing the Effects of Public and Private Regulations42
Can the Adoption of Circular Economy Practices Foster Supply Chain Resilience and Performance Improvements?42
Integrating Life Cycle Assessment, Monetised Externalities and Value Alignment for Strategic Reconfiguration of Circular Business Models: The Case of Smartphones41
The role of social capital, resilience, and network complexity in attaining supply chain sustainability41
Does CEO Resilience Drive Green Innovation?41
Accounting for Impact: How Shipping Partnerships Drive e‐SDG Accountability for Climate Change Measures41
Do financial constraints lead to environmental, social and governance controversies? The role of country context41
Harvesting Value! Exploring How Climate‐Smart Agriculture Practices Change Farm Business Models in Europe41
Progressing Triple Bottom Line Sustainability Performance via Cumulative Integration of Lean Production, Sustainable Supply Chain Management, and Sustainable Process Innovation41
Determinants of firms' greenness towards sustainable development: A multi‐country analysis41
Re‐Ontologizing Leadership Identity for Sustainable Business: Embedding Leaders' Decarbonization Competences in Bahrain's Sunset Industry40
How Does Regional Cultural Diversity Drive Firms' Environmental Innovation? The Role of Strategic Alliances and Knowledge Base40
Evaluation of strategies to manage risks in smart, sustainable agri‐logistics sector: A Bayesian‐based group decision‐making approach40
Dual Pathways Toward Net‐Zero–Based Performance Through Responsible Leadership—Mediation of Green HR Practices, Green Innovation, and Moderation of Digital Capabilities40
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