International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

Article	Citations
P126 Ultrasound-assisted central neuraxial blockade in obstetrics- challenges and a quality improvement initiative: a DGH experience	17
P147 Emergency general anaesthetic set up in delivery suite: a teamwork based approach	16
P152 Preliminary findings from a post caesarean delivery pain core outcome set development study: is it time to shift our focus?	15
P143 Programmed-intermittent epidural bolus regimen vs continuous epidural infusion: a retrospective, cohort study of motor block and obstetric outcomes	14
P174 Successful MDT management of stress induced anaphylaxis complicating labour and delivery	14
P6 Review of a post-natal anaesthetic clinic: addressing the physical and psychological impact of anaesthetic complications during childbirth	14
P73 Recovery post-discharge following elective caesarean section	13
P7 A retrospective analysis of the impact of ethnicity and preferred spoken language in obstetric anaesthesia	12
P135 Obstetric admissions to intensive care in a district general hospital: a retrospective five-year review	12
P56 The use of lumbar epidural analgesia and anaesthesia for vaginal twin birth	12
A narrative review of the literature relevant to obstetric anesthesiologists: the 2023 Gerard W. Ostheimer lecture	12
6290519 Introduction of a safety huddle on delivery suite at St George's Hospital	11
6275316 Supporting Parents and Professionals through neOnatal Resuscitation in Theatre – The SuPPORT Project	11
6300197 Trauma Caesarean Section- an example of excellent interdisciplinary working	11
6299676 Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Cesarean Section – A Prospective Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh	11
6270087 The ACORNS Course: Experiences from running a joint obstetrics and anaesthetics human factors simulation course	11
6268392 Can we keep the time on time? A survey of time keeping devices in a labour ward with synchronised digital wall clocks	11
6248797 Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery in a patient with severe Factor VII deficiency	11
Letter to the Editor: Mothers’ experiences of category 1 caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia with the partner present: a prospective explorative study	10
Over-exposed? Infrared thermography and the assessment of spinal anaesthesia	10
P.12 A digital future in antenatal education-unintentional benefits from a pandemic	10
Acute thrombocytopenia during cesarean section	10
Felicity Reynolds (1935 – 2024)	10
6301395 Through the Anaesthetic lens: Managing challenges in a parturient with empty sella syndrome and idiopathic intracranial hypertension	10
P.67 Obstetric services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey of standards of care	9

P.14 Vaccine uptake in the obstetric population - too little too late?	9
P.80 Use of vaginal cell salvage in an unusual case of abnormally invasive placenta	9
P.117 Improving communication during major obstetric haemorrhage	9
P.91 Putting the ‘T’ in Inclusivity - improving perinatal care for transgender people	9
Maternal Enhanced and Critical Care (MEaCC) in Yorkshire and the Humber: regional implementation of an enhanced maternal care pathway and data collection	9
P.13 Following the data - what have we learned from obstetric cases of the delta variant in Glasgow?	9
P.109 Separating elective and emergency streams - the benefit of centralisation of maternity services at Aneurin Bevan University Health Board (ABUHB)	9
The role of human factors in the decision to administer general anaesthesia for emergency caesarean deliveries: a qualitative interview study of anaesthesia trainees in Ireland	8
O.004 Maternal critical care follow-up: improving patient experiences and follow up	8
Effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in providing labor epidural analgesia information: are we there yet?	8
Alternating versus coadministration of multimodal non-opioid analgesia after cesarean delivery and pain outcomes: a single center quality improvement study (2024)	8
The importance of inclusion of neonatal outcomes in analysis of maternal peri-operative intravenous dexamethasone – reply to “Efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of dexamethasone on post	8
Maternal exposure to general anesthesia and labor epidural analgesia during pregnancy and delivery, and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes in children	8
Gestational thrombocytopenia and risk of postpartum hemorrhage and severe maternal morbidity: a population-based analysis	8
Global issues in obstetric anaesthesia: perspectives from South Africa, Japan, China, Latin America and North America	8
P.158 Beyond the 4 T's – An unusual cause of major haemorrhage in the obstetric patient	8
P.120 Managing a traumatic unknown: A caesarean section in a women with potential ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency	8
In response to: “Obstetric anaesthesia in Japan–beyond provider identity to system design”	8
Pregnancy revealing hereditary angioedema type III with factor XII mutation managed in a resource-limited setting with no C1-inhibitor concentrate availability: a case report	7
6301178 Cauda Equina Syndrome in the third trimester of pregnancy, the importance of shared decision making	7
IJOA Supplement Editorial	7
P155 Straight to theatre: should women with a high BMI be offered caesarean section routinely?	7
Uterotonics in pregnant patients with cardiac disease: a focused review	7
6275436 Decision making and mode of anaesthesia for category one caesarean sections: do anaesthetists and obstetricians share the same mental model?	7
6300686 Measuring service evaluation: a comparison of patient-reported time ready for discharge and length of stay as outcome measures after caesarean deliver	7
P108 Enabling birth choices in theatre: how comfortable do staff really feel?	7
Author index	7
“Dexmedetomidine for cesarean delivery: clinical enthusiasm, limited evidence”: this Editorial should be a call to action	7
6268386 Heart to find?: A peripartum cardiomyopathy case series	7
P140 An audit on indications for remifentanil PCA for labour analgesia leading to a quality improvement initiative: looking back to pay it forward	7
P95 Plasma exchange for HELLP syndrome complicated by persistent microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia resulting in a rapid recovery of renal function	7
6301375 Emergency thoracotomy and caesarian section at 29 weeks gestation for suspected oesophageal rupture	7
P.028 How are sites across the UK escalating care during a postpartum haemorrhage?	6
P.068 Investigating analgesia adequacy and intraoperative pain during caesarean delivery: single-centre pilot and feasibility study	6
P.135 Optimising successful intubation in obstetric patients with videolaryngoscopy	6
P.014 Barrier precautions for obstetric spinal anaesthesia in the UK: An OAA national survey	6
P.177 Battle of the cannulations: Midwives v anaesthetists	6
P.193 Anaesthetic management of parturient with Jarcho-Levin Syndrome for elective caesarean section	6
P.063 An audit of critical care activity at the Rotunda Hospital Dublin in 2023	6
P.149 Promoting Maternal safety: Anaesthetists’ and Midwives’ perspectives on oral intake in labour and its impact on general anaesthesia for delivery	6
P.195 Management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in pregnancy: a case series	6
P.076 Influence of dermal implants in the lumbar region on the consent process and technique for neuraxial placement: a survey of obstetric anaesthetists	5
Author index	5
P.9 An observational study into the normal TEG6s values in term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section	5
Incorporating a postpartum hemorrhage bundle on the labor and delivery unit: a state-wide survey of anesthesiologists in Massachusetts	5
Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in a first-time gravida with Fabry disease	5
Chronic pain and long-term disability following postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients: a five-year prospective follow-up of a case-control cohort	5
P.193 Postpartum aortic dissection in a patient with previously undiagnosed Marfan syndrome	5
Peripartum management of cardiac arrhythmias: a narrative review	5
Accuracy of visual estimation of blood loss in obstetrics using clinical reconstructions: an observational simulation cohort study	5

Neuraxial labor analgesia in type 2N von Willebrand disease: a case report	5
P.127 New caesarean section analgesia guide: repeat post implementation maternal survey	5
Discrimination, racism, and bias in childbirth pain management in the United States: a scoping review and directions for research and clinical care	5
P.70 A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures to assess postpartum fatigue using COSMIN guidelines	5
P.32 Evaluating the role of local ODP teaching sessions in improving the provision of general anaesthesia in obstetrics	5
Artificial intelligence-created personal statements compared with applicant-written personal statements: a survey of obstetric anesthesia fellowship program directors in the United States	5
P.151 “How low (and far) would you go?” The speed and accuracy of identifying intervertebral level and depth to epidural space in novices using ultrasound	5
P134 Obstetric admissions to the intensive care unit in Malta over a six-year period (2016–2021)	4
6301976 Service evaluation of current trends in rescue analgesia during Lower Segment Caesarean Sections under neuroaxial anaesthesia	4
O9 A prospective study of the effect of a ‘Sip ‘til Send’ fasting policy on patient reported and haemodynamic variables at elective caesarean delivery	4
Beyond technical excellence: the human dimensions involved in general anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery	4
P9 Measuring the distance to the epidural space in women of childbearing age: preliminary results from a retrospective MRI study	4
P.130 A postpartum presentation of acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy	4
O.008 Enhanced maternal care (EMC): a service evaluation from Yorkshire and Humber using the Maternal Enhanced and Critical Care (MEaCC) database	4
P.118 Amniotic fluid embolism as a cause for maternal collapse	4
Neuraxial labor analgesia in a pregnant patient with cystic hygroma and aberrant neurovasculature: a case report	4
Editorial Board	4
O.9 Identifying maternal intrapartum infection: the importance of temperature and the fetus	4
P.86 Arachnoiditis following epidural blood patch	4
P115 An evaluation of anaesthesia for abnormally invasive placenta utilising interventional radiology	4
6275602 Anesthetic management of a pregnant patient with congenital long QT syndrome type 2 undergoing ovarian dermoid cyst excision: A Case Report	4
P8 Improving peri-operative anaesthesia for cervical cerclages: a quality improvement project	4
P75 Does the use of prilocaine for spinal anaesthesia improve recovery times compared to bupivacaine in women undergoing caesarean section?	4
P.088 Analgesia following caesarean delivery: Is it time to rationalise our use of opioids?	4
P.021 Lumbar ultrasound measurements are imprecise when compared with MRI: Is it more than tissue compression?	4
Role of cosyntropin in the prevention of post-dural puncture headache: a propensity-matched retrospective analysis	4
In response to “Viscoelastic testing in postpartum obstetric hemorrhage: a scoping review commissioned by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)”	4
O.8 A national survey to evaluate the availability and use of prefilled syringes, and medication errors across maternity units in the UK	4
6301970 Rapid Sequence Induction in Obstetrics: a Survey of Practice across the North East and Cumbria	4
Assessing the accuracy and quality of TikTok as a source of medical information on neuraxial labor analgesia: a cross-sectional study	4
P80 Maternal request caesarean delivery: understanding the impact on elective section list efficiency. What can we learn?	4
P.15 Comparing the Delta and Omicron waves - are calmer waters ahead?	4
Pain during cesarean delivery: tools for doing better	4
P157 Improving the safety and success of obstetric intubation with videolaryngoscopy: a quality improvement project in a tertiary obstetric unit	4
P.151 Method of anaesthetic antenatal review of women with morbid obesity: A national survey	4
P.054 QI bundle for patient safety in Obstetric Genral Anaesthesia	4
O.002 Are ‘care bundles’ sustainable? An evaluation of the OBS Cymru postpartum haemorrhage care bundle	4
P.214 When a patient's headache, becomes their anaesthetist's - An unusual case of post-instrumentation headache	4
Platelet parameters in preeclampsia: comparing rotational thromboelastometry and platelet aggregometry with standard laboratory tests	4
P.212 Doctor, I Can't Move My Arm! A Case of Temporary Upper Limb Monoparesis following Epidural Top-Up for Instrumental Delivery	4
Virtual reality compared to nitrous oxide for labor analgesia: a feasibility pilot, prospective, randomized, cross-over, non-inferiority study	4
Anaesthetic management of obstetric patients with Chiari 1 malformation with or without syringomyelia: A multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association	3
Improving blood product management in placenta accreta patients with severe bleeding: institutional experience	3
P.176 Spinal anaesthesia for EXIT procedure	3
P.191 Cerebral venous thrombosis in pregnancy after spinal and epidural blood patch dural puncture	3
P.165 Pain relief during labour: a quality improvement project to enhance informed consent	3
P38 Assessing the impact of intensive positive feedback on staff morale, culture, civility and psychological safety in a South West maternity unit	3
P188 Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section in a parturient with dilated cardiomyopathy	3
Simulation-based training in obstetric anesthesia: an update	3
P.57 No Accident: psychological safety and civility in a south west maternity unit	3
P.113 Reasons for delay in decision to delivery in category 1 caesarean section: a retrospective audit	3
P.102 Ouch! A guide to managing intra-operative pain during caesarean section	3
6301584 Assessing the multimodal analgesia approach post caesarean section: diamorphine versus fentanyl and morphine for neuraxial analgesia	3
“This is how we do it” Anaesthesia for uterine transplant and associated surgeries: the Australian-Swedish collaborative protocol	3
Comparative efficacy of quadratus lumborum type-II and erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial	3
P.7 Elective caesarean section risk rating: a quality improvement project	3
P.103 Intrathecal dexamethasone for arterial hypotension management during spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section	3
P.188 Suprapannicular Caesarean Section- is a thoracic epidural really necessary?	3
P164 Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section for a parturient with moyamoya disease and sickle cell disease	3
Inclusion of block efficacy in the WHO surgical safety checklist for maternity patients: a case for enhanced safety and patient-centred care	3
P150 Availability of total intravenous anaesthesia for pregnant people: a survey of UK practice	3
Persistent opioid use after cesarean delivery in the United States of America: a systematic review	3
Is the erector spinae plane block a solution for sacral sparing during neuraxial labor analgesia?	3
6290035 An approach to prevention and treatment of hypotension in elective caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia: A survey from a developing nation	3
P.98 Propriospinal myoclonus following neuraxial anaesthesia during elective caesarean section	3
Editorial Board	3
Aspiration risk assessment for postpartum tubal ligation using gastric ultrasound: a single-center prospective observational trial	3
P.95 Atrial myxoma in pregnancy	3
P.128 Local differences in anaesthetic practice for perineal trauma repair and manual removal of placenta	3
P.48 The impact of pain after caesarean section and the potential benefit of being a doctor-patient confers on the patient experience	3
P.138 Monitoring of neurological blockade after epidural insertion on delivery suite	3
P48 Intrapartum blood glucose monitoring: are we meeting the national standard?	3
P121 Improving antenatal information on pain management in labour and delivery	3
Mothers’ experiences of category 1 caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia with the partner present: a prospective explorative study	3
In response to Ogawa et al on editorial “Obstetric anesthesia in Japan: An existential crisis in need of an intervention”	3
P.5 The application of IHO urgency categories to an obstetric cohort	3
Neuraxial anesthesia in obstetric patients with rare spinal pathologies: a scoping review	3
6274094 An audit of obstetric admissions to a high dependency unit, in a tertiary maternity hospital	3
Labour: a pain for informed consent?	3
P21 FIBTEM A5 correlates well with laboratory Clauss fibrinogen results in the obstetric population	2

6300042 Massive goitre causing severe tracheal stenosis in pregnancy	2
The Obstetric Comorbidity Index (OB-CMI) and its association with ICU admission and length of hospital stay in pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective cohort study (1996–2025)	2
Effect of prophylactic intravenous calcium gluconate on uterine atony during intrapartum cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia: a placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial	2
P.84 Phaeochromocytoma: a rare cause of hypertension in pregnancy	2
P.102 Management of caesarean birth in patient with congenital inferior vena cava agenesis	2
P.17 Post-dural puncture headache: data from a UK tertiary centre 2018–2021 and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic	2
Scholarship in anesthesiology: the role of critical appraisal, literature review, quality improvement, journal club, and presentation skills	2
P.205 Cardiac complications in a pregnant patient with rheumatic valve disease: a cautionary tale	2
P.024 Optimising Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) Management at a High Risk Obstetric Centre: A Multidisciplinary Approach to embed OBSCymru principles	2
6302079 Let's Talk Epidurals: Tea Trolley Training for Midwives	2
P.059 Survey on Anaesthesia for Cervical Cerclage	2
P118 A survey of postnatal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis	2
Anesthesiology resident preferences regarding learning to perform epidural anesthesia procedures in obstetrics: a qualitative phenomenological study	2
P25 Assessing accuracy of visual estimation of blood loss during simulated postpartum haemorrhage scenarios	2
P.78 Use of high-flow nasal oxygen to facilitate optimal surgical conditions in the management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis during third trimester	2
6301612 An Audit of Regional Analgesia in Labour – Can Standards Be Met for Obese Patients?	2
6301733 The impact of mental health problems on medical comorbidity in pregnancy: a case of overt hypothyroidism	2
6288138 Blindsided by unusual pre-eclampsia complication	2
P160 Understanding patient experience of elective caesarean section: an exploratory mixed method study utilising patient shadowing	2
6292830 Multidisciplinary team training is not just simulation … Anaesthetic trainee knowledge and understanding of Cardiotocography (CTG)	2
AI-augmented vs. conventional cardiac POCUS training: a pilot study among obstetric anesthesiologists	2
P.4 What's happening to my baby? Improving mother's experience in obstetric theatres with a simple baby video monitor device	2
Bilateral erector spinae plane catheters for labor analgesia in the setting of idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura	2
Evaluation of the relationship between the Obstetric Comorbidity Index (Ob-CMI) and the Obstetric Quality Of Recovery Score (ObsQoR-11): a prospective observational study	2
P24 Impact of focusing definitions of postpartum haemorrhage	2
6301325 A “CSE-ries” of questions. Current practice in combined spinal epidural anaesthesia for caesarean delivery across two large obstetric units	2
Anaesthetic considerations for impacted fetal head at caesarean delivery: a focused review	2
Erector spinae plane block for acute renal colic in a pregnant patient	2
P.142 Impact of body mass index on obstetric and anaesthetic outcomes: a three-month observational audit	2
P.086 Remifentanil for management of intra-operative discomfort during LSCS under neuraxial anaesthesia	2
P16 Improving documentation in obstetric anaesthesia	2
P.191 Anaesthetic management for caesarean section for parturient with SOX-11 genetic mutation	2
P34 Ultrasound guided neuraxial anaesthesia: a quality improvement project to improve anaesthetist competence and confidence scanning the lumbar spine	2
Serotonin syndrome following spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean delivery: a case report	2
P1 Reducing rates of antenatal anaemia: utilising serum ferritin as an early marker of iron deficiency	2
P145 Epidural top-up rates of obesity class three patients at Grange University Hospital	2
6300110 Equity in pain management in labour: a service evaluation	2
6301939 Mitigation of Entonox emissions, a quality improvement project	2
6300082 A service evaluation on regional anaesthetic block testing for caesarean section	2
6301355 Implementation of a maternity hospital ROTEM guided transfusion strategy- economic and clinical impact: A pre-post retrospective cohort study	2
P.72 Accidental oral administration of Monsel's solution during caesarean delivery	2
Editorial Board	2
Postpartum sleep quality and physical activity profiles following elective cesarean delivery: a longitudinal prospective cohort pilot study utilizing a wearable actigraphy device	2
Use of high-flow nasal oxygen for pregnant women with COVID-19 in the labour ward setting	2
P90 Management of a parturient with a “filamin-A mutation”	2
P.183 A case of misunderstanding: clinical decision-making bias in a patient presenting with acute kidney injury and deranged liver function tests	2
P.42 Unsuccessful conversion of epidural analgesia to epidural anaesthesia in obstetric patients	2
Large language models for overcoming language barriers in obstetric anaesthesia: a structured assessment	2
P.019 An audit of postpartum neuropathies in The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin	2
P.017 A national survey of the availability of Clauss fibrinogen testing in obstetric units across the UK	2
P131 Perioperative outcomes in surgical patients with preeclampsia	2
P.77 PVL staphylococcus aureus causing necrotising fasciitis post caesarean section - beware atypical septic markers	2
O2 Observational study of peripheral skin temperature changes following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery	2
P.41 Postnatal depression and risk of chronic postsurgical pain after caesarean section: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial	2
P70 Assessment of neuraxial block and management of intraoperative pain in obstetrics	2
P151 Factors associated with general anaesthesia in elective caesarean section	2
A novel device for sealing dural perforation via an epidural needle: an in vitro evaluation of effectiveness	2
Assessing behavioural influences and behavioural changes following Safer Anaesthesia From Education (SAFE) Obstetrics training in Africa and Asia	2
6302087 A severe case of puerperal sepsis related AKI	2
Career satisfaction in obstetric anesthesia	1
Title	1
P81 “The road to hell is paved with good intentions”: a first case report of anaphylaxis to tranexamic acid in an obstetric patient	1
P65 Testing spinal block for elective caesarean section: is the OAA standard fit for clinical practice?	1
Anaesthetic management of obstetric patients with Chiari type I malformation: a retrospective case series and literature review	1
P.013 Trends in social media use amongst parturients and maternity staff: A UK survey	1
P.100 Learning points from a case of peripartum takotsubo cardiomyopathy for the obstetric anaesthetist	1
Quality of recovery after cesarean delivery in patients with Class III obesity: a prospective observational cohort study	1
Terminology for abnormally invasive placenta: still confusing	1
Patient-reported postoperative pain and stigmatizing language in anesthesia notes: a cross-sectional study (2017–2019)	1
Erratum to “A randomized trial to investigate needle redirections/re-insertions using a handheld ultrasound device versus traditional palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese women undergoing cesarean	1
P.27 Haemodynamic stability of remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia during labour in parturients with cardiac disease	1
Obstetric anaesthesia manpower and service provision issues (introduction and European perspective)	1
P.192 Elective caesarean section in a patient with mast cell activation syndrome	1
6299225 Caesarean-hysterectomy for placenta accreta in a Jehovah's Witness declining allogeneic blood transfusion	1
P116 A review of the use of cell salvage in Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Maternity Unit, Glasgow	1
Severity of admission anemia and risk of postpartum hemorrhage: A single-center retrospective cohort study (2024–2025)	1
P.192 Anesthetic management of a pregnant patient with carcinoid tumor undergoing cesarean delivery	1
P.057 “Desperate to understand what happened”: exploring experiences of maternal critical care	1
Contraction-associated maternal heart rate decelerations ameliorated by phenylephrine infusion in a hypovolemic but fluid-restricted patient with pneumonia and pericardial effusion	1
Obstetric hemorrhage risk assessment using the maximum allowable blood loss calculation: are we on the right track?	1
Factors associated with severe pain during the active phase of pushing despite labor epidural analgesia: a secondary analysis on a prospective cohort study	1
Ten plus ten equals twenty: a prospective crossover study evaluating syringe size and speed of epidural injection	1
P.87 Anaesthetic management for elective caesarean section in a complex congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries	1
P.99 Anaesthetic management of a parturient with advanced cryptogenic liver cirrhosis	1
P.71 Gas induction for a severe needle-phobic parturient: are the risks truly understood?	1
Mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to delivery in a pregnant patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute heart failure: a case report	1
Enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery meta-analysis outcomes by race, ethnicity, insurance, and rurality	1
P.210 Severe Neurological Complications in Pregnancy: A Case of ADEM	1
P.208 Case report of a parturient with a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and acute hydrocephalus related to Von Hippel-Lindau disease	1
P.069 Obstetric patients on hybrid closed loop systems during labour and birth: a retrospective cohort study	1
P.155 Critical care admission data for obstetric haemorrhage; a tertiary centre retrospective analysis	1
P.62 Validating the accuracy of automated data extraction for an obstetric anaesthetic dataset: a single centre quality improvement project	1
Artificial intelligence chatbots versus traditional medical resources for patient education on “Labor Epidurals”: an evaluation of accuracy, emotional tone, and readability	1
P.169 Maternal hypothermia in obstetric theatres	1
Postpartum neurological deficits following neuraxial intervention: a retrospective analysis in a tertiary obstetric centre (2021-2023)	1