Psychological Science

Article	Citations
Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions	118
Teacher Mindsets Help Explain Where a Growth-Mindset Intervention Does and Doesn’t Work	104
A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect	88
Functional MRI Can Be Highly Reliable, but It Depends on What You Measure: A Commentary on Elliott et al. (2020)	75
Gender Stereotypes in Natural Language: Word Embeddings Show Robust Consistency Across Child and Adult Language Corpora of More Than 65 Million Words	69
How Accurate Are Accuracy-Nudge Interventions? A Preregistered Direct Replication of Pennycook et al. (2020)	63
The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life	60
The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review	58
Revisiting the Integration Hypothesis: Correlational and Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Demonstrate the Limited Role of Acculturation for Cross-Cultural Adaptation	55
Minding Your Own Business? Mindfulness Decreases Prosocial Behavior for People With Independent Self-Construals	54
Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort	50
Training for Wisdom: The Distanced-Self-Reflection Diary Method	49
Children Prioritize Humans Over Animals Less Than Adults Do	47
Responsible Use of Open-Access Developmental Data: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study	45
The Truth Is Out There: Accuracy in Recall of Verifiable Real-World Events	44
Playing With Fear: A Field Study in Recreational Horror	43
The Attitude–Behavior Relationship Revisited	36
The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect	36
Acute Psychosocial Stress Increases Cognitive-Effort Avoidance	36
Theta-Rhythmic Oscillation of Working Memory Performance	35
Linking Detail to Temporal Structure in Naturalistic-Event Recall	33
Moral-Language Use by U.S. Political Elites	33
Prosocial Influence and Opportunistic Conformity in Adolescents and Young Adults	33
Age-Related Changes in Spatial Navigation Are Evident by Midlife and Differ by Sex	32
How Collective-Action Failure Shapes Group Heterogeneity and Engagement in Conventional and Radical Action Over Time	31

Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: IV. Change and Stability From 2007 to 2020	31
The Importance of Random Slopes in Mixed Models for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing	30
The Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Associated With Antisystemic Attitudes and Political Violence	30
Cultures Crossing: The Power of Habit in Delaying Gratification	29
Facial Impressions Are Predicted by the Structure of Group Stereotypes	29
The Language of Social Touch Is Intuitive and Quantifiable	28
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Retrospective Assessments of the Quality of Childhood Parenting: Prospective Evidence From Infancy to Age 26 Years	27
Racial Bias in Police Traffic Stops: White Residents’ County-Level Prejudice and Stereotypes Are Related to Disproportionate Stopping of Black Drivers	26
Twin Differences in Harsh Parenting Predict Youth’s Antisocial Behavior	25
Parents Fine-Tune Their Speech to Children’s Vocabulary Knowledge	25
Incel Activity on Social Media Linked to Local Mating Ecology	25
The Dramatic Impact of Explicit Instruction on Learning to Read in a New Writing System	24
Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism	24
Correlates of Hallucinatory Experiences in the General Population: An International Multisite Replication Study	24
Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy	24
Action Enhances Predicted Touch	24
Does Neuronal Recycling Result in Destructive Competition? The Influence of Learning to Read on the Recognition of Faces	23
Placebo Analgesia Reduces Costly Prosocial Helping to Lower Another Person’s Pain	23
The Unintended Consequences of the Things We Say: What Generic Statements Communicate to Children About Unmentioned Categories	23
Looking for Semantic Similarity: What a Vector-Space Model of Semantics Can Tell Us About Attention in Real-World Scenes	23
Real-World Exploration Increases Across Adolescence and Relates to Affect, Risk Taking, and Social Connectivity	23
Resourceful Actors, Not Weak Victims: Reframing Refugees’ Stigmatized Identity Enhances Long-Term Academic Engagement	22
The Lure of Counterfactual Curiosity: People Incur a Cost to Experience Regret	22
The Impact of Feedback on Perceptual Decision-Making and Metacognition: Reduction in Bias but No Change in Sensitivity	22
A Contextual Approach to the Psychological Study of Identity Concealment: Examining Direct, Interactive, and Indirect Effects of Structural Stigma on Concealment Motivation Across Proximal and Distal	22
Misogynistic Tweets Correlate With Violence Against Women	22
The Temporal Dynamics of Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Between Students and Teachers Predict Learning Outcomes	21
Why Is an Early Start of Training Related to Musical Skills in Adulthood? A Genetically Informative Study	20
The Effect of Replications on Citation Patterns: Evidence From a Large-Scale Reproducibility Project	20
Massive Effects of Saliency on Information Processing in Visual Working Memory	20
Adaptive Repulsion of Long-Term Memory Representations Is Triggered by Event Similarity	20
An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures	20
Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions	19
Using Body Ownership to Modulate the Motor System in Stroke Patients	19
Charged With a Crime: The Neuronal Signature of Processing Negatively Evaluated Faces Under Different Attentional Conditions	19
Exploring the Facets of Emotional Episodic Memory: Remembering “What,” “When,” and “Which”	19
Personality Traits Predict Long-Term Physical Health via Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors	19
Keeping an Eye on Effort: A Pupillometric Investigation of Effort and Effortlessness in Visual Word Recognition	19
Flavor Sensing in Utero and Emerging Discriminative Behaviors in the Human Fetus	19
Severe Developmental Dyscalculia Is Characterized by Core Deficits in Both Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Number Sense	19
Storage in Visual Working Memory Recruits a Content-Independent Pointer System	18
Generating Options and Choosing Between Them Depend on Distinct Forms of Value Representation	18
Growth-Mindset Intervention Delivered by Teachers Boosts Achievement in Early Adolescence	18
Auxiliary Scene-Context Information Provided by Anchor Objects Guides Attention and Locomotion in Natural Search Behavior	18
Theory-of-Mind Development in Young Deaf Children With Early Hearing Provisions	18
Reasoning Through the Disjunctive Syllogism in Monkeys	18
Personality Traits and Memory: A Multilevel Analysis Across 27 Countries From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe	18
The Effect of Prediction Error on Belief Update Across the Political Spectrum	17
Harsh but Expedient: Dominant Leaders Increase Group Cooperation via Threat of Punishment	17
Time to Pay Attention? Information Search Explains Amplified Framing Effects Under Time Pressure	17

Alertness Training Increases Visual Processing Speed in Healthy Older Adults	17
Idiosyncratic Tower of Babel: Individual Differences in Word-Meaning Representation Increase as Word Abstractness Increases	17
The Dispositional Essence of Proactive Social Preferences: The Dark Core of Personality vis-à-vis 58 Traits	17
Lay Beliefs About Gender and Sexual Behavior: First Evidence for a Pervasive, Robust (but Seemingly Unfounded) Stereotype	17
Attitudes Based on Feelings: Fixed or Fleeting?	17
Motivating Personal Growth by Seeking Discomfort	17
Personality Changes Predict Early Career Outcomes: Discovery and Replication in 12-Year Longitudinal Studies	17
AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones	17
The Long-Term Effects of New Evidence on Implicit Impressions of Other People	17
Stress and Stress-Induced Glucocorticoids Facilitate Empathic Accuracy in Men but Have No Effects for Women	17
Scene Context Impairs Perception of Semantically Congruent Objects	17
Attentional Guidance and Match Decisions Rely on Different Template Information During Visual Search	17
Acting Like a Baby Boomer? Birth-Cohort Differences in Adults’ Personality Trajectories During the Last Half a Century	16
The Effects of Handwriting Experience on Literacy Learning	16
Socially Stratified Epigenetic Profiles Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents	16
Scientific-Consensus Communication About Contested Science: A Preregistered Meta-Analysis	16
The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?	16
Testing Deprivation and Threat: A Preregistered Network Analysis of the Dimensions of Early Adversity	16
Broken Physics: A Conjunction-Fallacy Effect in Intuitive Physical Reasoning	16
Narratives Shape Cognitive Representations of Immigrants and Immigration-Policy Preferences	16
The Social Effects of an Awesome Solar Eclipse	15
Are Sex Differences in Human Brain Structure Associated With Sex Differences in Behavior?	15
Harder Than You Think: How Outside Assistance Leads to Overconfidence	15
Niche Diversity Predicts Personality Structure Across 115 Nations	15
Children With More Uncertainty in Their Intuitive Theories Seek Domain-Relevant Information	15
Effects of Time-Varying Parent Input on Children’s Language Outcomes Differ for Vocabulary and Syntax	15
Feeling Appreciated Buffers Against the Negative Effects of Unequal Division of Household Labor on Relationship Satisfaction	15
Never Too Much—The Benefit of Talent to Team Performance in the National Basketball Association: Comment on Swaab, Schaerer, Anicich, Ronay, and Galinsky (2014)	14
How Long Does It Take for a Voice to Become Familiar? Speech Intelligibility and Voice Recognition Are Differentially Sensitive to Voice Training	14
Titrating the Smell of Fear: Initial Evidence for Dose-Invariant Behavioral, Physiological, and Neural Responses	14
Interleaving Retrieval Practice Promotes Science Learning	14
Bedtime Music, Involuntary Musical Imagery, and Sleep	14
Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study	14
Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances and Physical Activity in Older Age: Women Pay the Price	14
What Is Time Good for in Working Memory?	14
Frequency-Specific Effects in Infant Electroencephalograms Do Not Require Entrained Neural Oscillations: A Commentary on Köster et al. (2019)	14
A Salient Sugar Tax Decreases Sugary-Drink Buying	14
Does Choice Cause an Illusion of Control?	13
Preregistered Replication of “Feeling Superior Is a Bipartisan Issue: Extremity (Not Direction) of Political Views Predicts Perceived Belief Superiority”	13
Psychometric Curves Reveal Three Mechanisms of Vigilance Decrement	13
Little Between-Region and Between-Country Variance When People Form Impressions of Others	13
Melting Ice With Your Mind: Representational Momentum for Physical States	13
Personalized Prediction of Behaviors and Experiences: An Idiographic Person–Situation Test	12
Queen’s Gambit Declined: The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Across 160 Countries	12
Identifying Long- and Short-Term Processes in Perceptual Learning	12
Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception	12
Lack of Belonging Predicts Depressive Symptomatology in College Students	12
Face-Information Sampling in Super-Recognizers	12
What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender?	12
Working Memory Content Is Distorted by Its Use in Perceptual Comparisons	12
Lifting the Bar: A Relationship-Orienting Intervention Reduces Recidivism Among Children Reentering School From Juvenile Detention	11
Mind-Body Practices and Self-Enhancement: Direct Replications of Gebauer et al.’s (2018) Experiments 1 and 2	11
Walking in Her Shoes: Pretending to Be a Female Role Model Increases Young Girls’ Persistence in Science	11
Moral Frames Are Persuasive and Moralize Attitudes; Nonmoral Frames Are Persuasive and De-Moralize Attitudes	11
Shape of U: The Nonmonotonic Relationship Between Object–Location Memory and Expectedness	11
Narcissism and Leadership in Children	11
Physically Implied Surfaces	11
Surprisingly Happy to Have Helped: Underestimating Prosociality Creates a Misplaced Barrier to Asking for Help	11
Illusory Feelings, Elusive Habits: People Overlook Habits in Explanations of Behavior	11
Recognition of Masked Faces in the Era of the Pandemic: No Improvement Despite Extensive Natural Exposure	11
Levels of Processing Affect Perceptual Features in Visual Associative Memory	11
Attention Shifts to More Complex Structures With Experience	11
Racial Demographics Explain the Link Between Racial Disparities in Traffic Stops and County-Level Racial Attitudes	11
Belief in the Utility of Cross-Partisan Empathy Reduces Partisan Animosity and Facilitates Political Persuasion	11
Anxiety-Related Frontocortical Activity Is Associated With Dampened Stressor Reactivity in the Real World	11
Are You for Real? Perceptions of Authenticity Are Systematically Biased and Not Accurate	11
Parent Contributions to the Development of Political Attitudes in Adoptive and Biological Families	11
A Self-Controlled Mind Is Reflected by Stable Mental Processing	11
Too Reluctant to Reach Out: Receiving Social Support Is More Positive Than Expressers Expect	11
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being	11
Perceptual Awareness Occurs Along a Graded Continuum: No Evidence of All-or-None Failures in Continuous Reproduction Tasks	10
Memory Fidelity Reveals Qualitative Changes in Interactions Between Items in Visual Working Memory	10
Lonely Individuals Process the World in Idiosyncratic Ways	10
Grief Symptoms Promote Inflammation During Acute Stress Among Bereaved Spouses	10
Sustained Stress Reduces the Age Advantages in Emotional Experience of Older Adults: Commentary on Carstensen et al. (2020)	10
Incidental Attitude Formation via the Surveillance Task: A Preregistered Replication of the Olson and Fazio (2001) Study	10
Different Mechanisms for Supporting Mental Imagery and Perceptual Representations: Modulation Versus Excitation	10
Boosting Understanding and Identification of Scientific Consensus Can Help to Correct False Beliefs	10
When Are Similar Individuals a Group? Early Reasoning About Similarity and In-Group Support	10
Asking People to Explain Complex Policies Does Not Increase Political Moderation: Three Preregistered Failures to Closely Replicate Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, and Sloman’s (2013) Findings	10

Psychosocial Resilience to Inflammation-Associated Depression: A Prospective Study of Breast-Cancer Survivors	10
Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths	10
Good-Enough Production: Selecting Easier Words Instead of More Accurate Ones	10
Exact Number Concepts Are Limited to the Verbal Count Range	10
Safe and Sound: The Effects of Experimentally Priming the Sense of Attachment Security on Pure-Tone Audiometric Thresholds Among Young and Older Adults	10
Perceived Distance Alters Memory for Scene Boundaries	10
Greater Male Variability in Cooperation: Meta-Analytic Evidence for an Evolutionary Perspective	10
Just Dead, Not Alive: Reconsidering Belief in Contradictory Conspiracy Theories	9
Mutual Information and Categorical Perception	9
Evaluating Benefits, Costs, and Social Value as Predictors of Gratitude	9
Test Anxiety Does Not Predict Exam Performance When Knowledge Is Controlled For: Strong Evidence Against the Interference Hypothesis of Test Anxiety	9
Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence	9
Experiencing a Natural Disaster Temporarily Boosts Relationship Satisfaction in Newlywed Couples	9
No Fixed Limit for Storing Simple Visual Features: Realistic Objects Provide an Efficient Scaffold for Holding Features in Mind	9
The Time Course of Person Perception From Voices: A Behavioral Study	9
Pupil-Linked Arousal Biases Evidence Accumulation Toward Desirable Percepts During Perceptual Decision-Making	9
Dimensions of Perception: 3D Real-Life Objects Are More Readily Detected Than Their 2D Images	9
Gender Gaps in Deceptive Self-Presentation on Social-Media Platforms Vary With Gender Equality: A Multinational Investigation	8
Self-Relevance Predicts the Aesthetic Appeal of Real and Synthetic Artworks Generated via Neural Style Transfer	8
Resting (Tonic) Blood Pressure Is Associated With Sensitivity to Imagined and Acute Experiences of Social Pain: Evidence From Three Studies	8
The Costs of Paying Overt and Covert Attention Assessed With Pupillometry	8
Children Show a Gender Gap in Negotiation	8
Behavioral Consistency in the Digital Age	8
Seek and Ye Shall Be Fine: Attitudes Toward Political-Perspective Seekers	8
Shame Broadcasts Social Norms: The Positive Social Effects of Shame on Norm Acquisition and Normative Behavior	8
Younger Than Ever? Subjective Age Is Becoming Younger and Remains More Stable in Middle-Age and Older Adults Today	8
The Visual Mandela Effect as Evidence for Shared and Specific False Memories Across People	8
The Self in the Mind’s Eye: Revealing How We Truly See Ourselves Through Reverse Correlation	8
Noise Increases Anchoring Effects	8
A Personal Model of Trumpery: Linguistic Deception Detection in a Real-World High-Stakes Setting	8
Response Bias Reflects Individual Differences in Sensory Encoding	8
Most Findings Obtained With Untimed Visual Illusions Are Confounded	8
Predictors of Listening-Related Fatigue Across the Adult Life Span	8
Susceptibility to Being Lured Away by a Stranger: A Real-World Field Test of Selective Trust in Early Childhood	8
Parenting Practices May Buffer the Impact of Adversity on Epigenetic Age Acceleration Among Young Children With Developmental Delays	8
Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal in Transgender Men	8
Physiological Responses to a Haunted-House Threat Experience: Distinct Tonic and Phasic Effects	8
When Helping Is Risky: The Behavioral and Neurobiological Trade-off of Social and Risk Preferences	8
Anger Damns the Innocent	8
Personality Across World Regions Predicts Variability in the Structure of Face Impressions	8
Chimpanzee and Human Risk Preferences Show Key Similarities	8
Learning About the Self: Motives for Coherence and Positivity Constrain Learning From Self-Relevant Social Feedback	8
Absolute Versus Relative Success: Why Overconfidence Creates an Inefficient Equilibrium	8
How Candidates’ Age and Gender Predict Voter Preference in a Hypothetical Election	8
Don’t Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies	8
Internal Social Attention: Gaze Cues Stored in Working Memory Trigger Involuntary Attentional Orienting	8
Understanding Everyday Events: Predictive-Looking Errors Drive Memory Updating	8
Undetected Neurodegenerative Disease Biases Estimates of Cognitive Change in Older Adults	8
Food Is All Around: How Contexts Create Misbeliefs About the Health–Taste Relationship	8
Early Impacts of College, Interrupted: Considering First-Year Students’ Narratives About COVID and Reports of Adjustment During College Shutdowns	8
Well-Being and Cognitive Resilience to Dementia-Related Neuropathology	7
Forgetting the Future: Emotion Improves Memory for Imagined Future Events in Healthy Individuals but Not Individuals With Anxiety	7
Today’s Older Adults Are Cognitively Fitter Than Older Adults Were 20 Years Ago, but When and How They Decline Is No Different Than in the Past	7
Psychological Science Stepping Up a Level	7
Encoding Context Determines Risky Choice	7
Inhibitory Cognitive Control Allows Automated Advice to Improve Accuracy While Minimizing Misuse	7
The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples	7
The Games We Play: Prosocial Choices Under Time Pressure Reflect Context-Sensitive Information Priorities	7
Perceptual Grouping Explains Similarities in Constellations Across Cultures	7
Evidence That Event Boundaries Are Access Points for Memory Retrieval	7
Feelings of Culpability: Just Following Orders Versus Making the Decision Oneself	7
Losing Sight of Piecemeal Progress: People Lump and Dismiss Improvement Efforts That Fall Short of Categorical Change—Despite Improving	7
Psychological Drivers of Individual Differences in Risk Perception: A Systematic Case Study Focusing on 5G	7
The Development of the Liking Gap: Children Older Than 5 Years Think That Partners Evaluate Them Less Positively Than They Evaluate Their Partners	7
Transparency Is Now the Default at Psychological Science	7
Fear in the Theater of the Mind: Differential Fear Conditioning With Imagined Stimuli	7
Physical Strength Partly Explains Sex Differences in Trait Anxiety in Young Americans	7
The Cognition/Metacognition Trade-Off	7
Shared Time Scarcity and the Pursuit of Extraordinary Experiences	7
Nurturing the Mathematical Brain: Home Numeracy Practices Are Associated With Children’s Neural Responses to Arabic Numerals	7
Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault	7
Preschoolers and Adults Learn From Novel Metaphors	7
Challenging the Link Between Early Childhood Television Exposure and Later Attention Problems: A Multiverse Approach	6
Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion	6
Early Adolescents Demonstrate Peer-Network Homophily in Political Attitudes and Values	6
Do Positive Psychological Factors Equally Predict Resistance to Upper Respiratory Infections in African and European Americans?	6
Dissociable Codes in Motor Working Memory	6
Little Support for Discrete Item Limits in Visual Working Memory	6
Beyond the Shape of Things: Infants Can Be Taught to Generalize Nouns by Objects’ Functions	6
Computational Methods for Predicting and Understanding Food Judgment	6
In Which Direction Does Happiness Predict Subsequent Social Interactions? A Commentary on Quoidbach et al. (2019)	6
Manipulating Prior Beliefs Causally Induces Under- and Overconfidence	6
Cognitive Change Before Old Age (11 to 70) Predicts Cognitive Change During Old Age (70 to 82)	6
Neural Representations of the Committed Romantic Partner in the Nucleus Accumbens	6
Prenatal Programming of Behavior Problems via Second-by-Second Infant Emotion Dynamics	6
Predictive Processing of Scene Layout Depends on Naturalistic Depth of Field	6
Mnemonic Content and Hippocampal Patterns Shape Judgments of Time	6
Following Other People’s Footsteps: A Contextual-Attraction Effect Induced by Biological Motion	6
Taking a Disagreeing Perspective Improves the Accuracy of People’s Quantitative Estimates	6
The Shape of Space: Evidence for Spontaneous but Flexible Use of Polar Coordinates in Visuospatial Representations	6
Aging Impairs Inhibitory Control Over Incidental Cues: A Construal-Level Perspective	6
Globally Inaccurate Stereotypes Can Result From Locally Adaptive Exploration	6
Generating New Musical Preferences From Multilevel Mapping of Predictions to Reward	6
Ready to Learn: Incidental Exposure Fosters Category Learning	6
Frequent Interpersonal Stress and Inflammatory Reactivity Predict Depressive-Symptom Increases: Two Tests of the Social-Signal-Transduction Theory of Depression	6