Psychological Science

Article	Citations
Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention	819
What Is the Test-Retest Reliability of Common Task-Functional MRI Measures? New Empirical Evidence and a Meta-Analysis	394
The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing and Wearing of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic	307
Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance	267
Age Advantages in Emotional Experience Persist Even Under Threat From the COVID-19 Pandemic	151
Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication	142
Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions	104
People Reject Algorithms in Uncertain Decision Domains Because They Have Diminishing Sensitivity to Forecasting Error	91
Bilingualism Affords No General Cognitive Advantages: A Population Study of Executive Function in 11,000 People	75
Teacher Mindsets Help Explain Where a Growth-Mindset Intervention Does and Doesn’t Work	74
A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect	71
Changing Social Contexts to Foster Equity in College Science Courses: An Ecological-Belonging Intervention	66
Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity	65
Functional MRI Can Be Highly Reliable, but It Depends on What You Measure: A Commentary on Elliott et al. (2020)	64
Polluted Psyche: Is the Effect of Air Pollution on Unethical Behavior More Physiological or Psychological?	63
Comparison of Adopted and Nonadopted Individuals Reveals Gene–Environment Interplay for Education in the UK Biobank	60
Gender Stereotypes in Natural Language: Word Embeddings Show Robust Consistency Across Child and Adult Language Corpora of More Than 65 Million Words	59
Strong Effort Manipulations Reduce Response Caution: A Preregistered Reinvention of the Ego-Depletion Paradigm	58
Artificial Intelligence and Persuasion: A Construal-Level Account	55
Relational Mobility Predicts Faster Spread of COVID-19: A 39-Country Study	52
The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review	51
Behavioral Immune Trade-Offs: Interpersonal Value Relaxes Social Pathogen Avoidance	50
How Accurate Are Accuracy-Nudge Interventions? A Preregistered Direct Replication of Pennycook et al. (2020)	50
Revisiting the Integration Hypothesis: Correlational and Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Demonstrate the Limited Role of Acculturation for Cross-Cultural Adaptation	46
Minding Your Own Business? Mindfulness Decreases Prosocial Behavior for People With Independent Self-Construals	45

The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life	45
Does Happiness Improve Health? Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial	43
Preverbal Infants Discover Statistical Word Patterns at Similar Rates as Adults: Evidence From Neural Entrainment	43
Anxiety Impedes Adaptive Social Learning Under Uncertainty	41
Children Prioritize Humans Over Animals Less Than Adults Do	39
Training for Wisdom: The Distanced-Self-Reflection Diary Method	37
Responsible Use of Open-Access Developmental Data: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study	36
Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort	35
The Development of Intersectional Social Prototypes	33
Face Pareidolia Recruits Mechanisms for Detecting Human Social Attention	32
The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect	31
Playing With Fear: A Field Study in Recreational Horror	31
The Truth Is Out There: Accuracy in Recall of Verifiable Real-World Events	30
Theta-Rhythmic Oscillation of Working Memory Performance	30
Moral-Language Use by U.S. Political Elites	28
Prosocial Influence and Opportunistic Conformity in Adolescents and Young Adults	28
The Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Associated With Antisystemic Attitudes and Political Violence	27
Acute Psychosocial Stress Increases Cognitive-Effort Avoidance	27
Using Machine Learning to Generate Novel Hypotheses: Increasing Optimism About COVID-19 Makes People Less Willing to Justify Unethical Behaviors	26
Linking Detail to Temporal Structure in Naturalistic-Event Recall	26
Age-Related Changes in Spatial Navigation Are Evident by Midlife and Differ by Sex	26
The Earliest Origins of Genetic Nurture: The Prenatal Environment Mediates the Association Between Maternal Genetics and Child Development	25
Automatic Guidance (and Misguidance) of Visuospatial Attention by Acquired Scene Memory: Evidence From an N1pc Polarity Reversal	24
Reframing Achievement Setbacks: A Motivation Intervention to Improve 8-Year Graduation Rates for Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields	24
Probing Ovulatory-Cycle Shifts in Women’s Preferences for Men’s Behaviors	24
The Latent Genetic Structure of Impulsivity and Its Relation to Internalizing Psychopathology	23
Reminders of Everyday Misinformation Statements Can Enhance Memory for and Beliefs in Corrections of Those Statements in the Short Term	22
The Effect of Repetition on Truth Judgments Across Development	22
Facial Impressions Are Predicted by the Structure of Group Stereotypes	22
Correlates of Hallucinatory Experiences in the General Population: An International Multisite Replication Study	21
The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study	20
How Collective-Action Failure Shapes Group Heterogeneity and Engagement in Conventional and Radical Action Over Time	20
General Enhancement of Spatial Hearing in Congenitally Blind People	20
The Language of Social Touch Is Intuitive and Quantifiable	20
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Retrospective Assessments of the Quality of Childhood Parenting: Prospective Evidence From Infancy to Age 26 Years	20
Concerns About Automation and Negative Sentiment Toward Immigration	20
A Contextual Approach to the Psychological Study of Identity Concealment: Examining Direct, Interactive, and Indirect Effects of Structural Stigma on Concealment Motivation Across Proximal and Distal	20
Incel Activity on Social Media Linked to Local Mating Ecology	20
The Importance of Random Slopes in Mixed Models for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing	19
Cultures Crossing: The Power of Habit in Delaying Gratification	19
The Unintended Consequences of the Things We Say: What Generic Statements Communicate to Children About Unmentioned Categories	19
Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline: Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study	19
Affective Arousal Links Sound to Meaning	19
Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism	19
Massive Effects of Saliency on Information Processing in Visual Working Memory	19
Parents Fine-Tune Their Speech to Children’s Vocabulary Knowledge	19
Truth, Lies, and Gossip	18
The Dramatic Impact of Explicit Instruction on Learning to Read in a New Writing System	18
Twin Differences in Harsh Parenting Predict Youth’s Antisocial Behavior	18
An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures	18

Looking for Semantic Similarity: What a Vector-Space Model of Semantics Can Tell Us About Attention in Real-World Scenes	18
The Well-Being Benefits of Person-Culture Match Are Contingent on Basic Personality Traits	17
Does Neuronal Recycling Result in Destructive Competition? The Influence of Learning to Read on the Recognition of Faces	17
On Intersectionality: How Complex Patterns of Discrimination Can Emerge From Simple Stereotypes	17
Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions	17
Misogynistic Tweets Correlate With Violence Against Women	17
The Attitude–Behavior Relationship Revisited	17
Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children	17
Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy	17
Air Pollution, State Anxiety, and Unethical Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review	16
The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions	16
Delay of Gratification as Reputation Management	16
Generating Options and Choosing Between Them Depend on Distinct Forms of Value Representation	16
The Effect of Prediction Error on Belief Update Across the Political Spectrum	16
Alertness Training Increases Visual Processing Speed in Healthy Older Adults	16
Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: IV. Change and Stability From 2007 to 2020	16
The Lure of Counterfactual Curiosity: People Incur a Cost to Experience Regret	16
Placebo Analgesia Reduces Costly Prosocial Helping to Lower Another Person’s Pain	16
The Contribution of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills to Intergenerational Social Mobility	16
Personality Traits and Memory: A Multilevel Analysis Across 27 Countries From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe	16
The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?	15
Preregistered Direct Replication of “Sick Body, Vigilant Mind: The Biological Immune System Activates the Behavioral Immune System”	15
Does Honesty Require Time? Two Preregistered Direct Replications of Experiment 2 of Shalvi, Eldar, and Bereby-Meyer (2012)	15
Dominance-Driven Autocratic Political Orientations Predict Political Violence in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) and Non-WEIRD Samples	15
Confidence as a Priority Signal	15
The Long-Term Effects of New Evidence on Implicit Impressions of Other People	15
Racial Bias in Police Traffic Stops: White Residents’ County-Level Prejudice and Stereotypes Are Related to Disproportionate Stopping of Black Drivers	15
Growth-Mindset Intervention Delivered by Teachers Boosts Achievement in Early Adolescence	15
Resourceful Actors, Not Weak Victims: Reframing Refugees’ Stigmatized Identity Enhances Long-Term Academic Engagement	15
Action Enhances Predicted Touch	15
Harsh but Expedient: Dominant Leaders Increase Group Cooperation via Threat of Punishment	14
Female Chess Players Show Typical Stereotype-Threat Effects: Commentary on Stafford (2018)	14
Broken Physics: A Conjunction-Fallacy Effect in Intuitive Physical Reasoning	14
Children With More Uncertainty in Their Intuitive Theories Seek Domain-Relevant Information	14
Narratives Shape Cognitive Representations of Immigrants and Immigration-Policy Preferences	14
Effects of Time-Varying Parent Input on Children’s Language Outcomes Differ for Vocabulary and Syntax	14
Frequency-Specific Effects in Infant Electroencephalograms Do Not Require Entrained Neural Oscillations: A Commentary on Köster et al. (2019)	14
The Impact of Feedback on Perceptual Decision-Making and Metacognition: Reduction in Bias but No Change in Sensitivity	14
Charged With a Crime: The Neuronal Signature of Processing Negatively Evaluated Faces Under Different Attentional Conditions	14
Why Is an Early Start of Training Related to Musical Skills in Adulthood? A Genetically Informative Study	14
Using Body Ownership to Modulate the Motor System in Stroke Patients	14
Scene Context Impairs Perception of Semantically Congruent Objects	14
Niche Diversity Predicts Personality Structure Across 115 Nations	14
Attentional Guidance and Match Decisions Rely on Different Template Information During Visual Search	14
Effortful Control Moderates the Relation Between Electronic-Media Use and Objective Sleep Indicators in Childhood	14
Preregistered Replication of “Feeling Superior Is a Bipartisan Issue: Extremity (Not Direction) of Political Views Predicts Perceived Belief Superiority”	13
The Effects of Handwriting Experience on Literacy Learning	13
Idiosyncratic Tower of Babel: Individual Differences in Word-Meaning Representation Increase as Word Abstractness Increases	13
Keeping an Eye on Effort: A Pupillometric Investigation of Effort and Effortlessness in Visual Word Recognition	13
Attitudes Based on Feelings: Fixed or Fleeting?	13
Theory-of-Mind Development in Young Deaf Children With Early Hearing Provisions	13
Reasoning Through the Disjunctive Syllogism in Monkeys	13
Personality Traits Predict Long-Term Physical Health via Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors	13
Children’s Cognitive Reflection Predicts Conceptual Understanding in Science and Mathematics	13
Exploring the Facets of Emotional Episodic Memory: Remembering “What,” “When,” and “Which”	12
Acting Like a Baby Boomer? Birth-Cohort Differences in Adults’ Personality Trajectories During the Last Half a Century	12
The Impact of Implicit-Bias-Oriented Diversity Training on Police Officers’ Beliefs, Motivations, and Actions	12
Little Between-Region and Between-Country Variance When People Form Impressions of Others	12
Cheaters, Liars, or Both? A New Classification of Dishonesty Profiles	12
Time to Pay Attention? Information Search Explains Amplified Framing Effects Under Time Pressure	12
The Distinct Effects of Empathic Accuracy for a Romantic Partner’s Appeasement and Dominance Emotions	12
The Scent of a Good Night’s Sleep: Olfactory Cues of a Romantic Partner Improve Sleep Efficiency	12
Effects of Selective Attention on Mean-Size Computation: Weighted Averaging and Perceptual Enlargement	12
The Effect of Replications on Citation Patterns: Evidence From a Large-Scale Reproducibility Project	12
Flavor Sensing in Utero and Emerging Discriminative Behaviors in the Human Fetus	12
Auxiliary Scene-Context Information Provided by Anchor Objects Guides Attention and Locomotion in Natural Search Behavior	11
Motivating Personal Growth by Seeking Discomfort	11
Real-World Exploration Increases Across Adolescence and Relates to Affect, Risk Taking, and Social Connectivity	11
Making It Harder to “See” Meaning: The More You See Something, the More Its Conceptual Representation Is Susceptible to Visual Interference	11
What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in One Issue of Psychological Science	11
What Is Time Good for in Working Memory?	11
Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study	11
Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances and Physical Activity in Older Age: Women Pay the Price	11
Feeling Appreciated Buffers Against the Negative Effects of Unequal Division of Household Labor on Relationship Satisfaction	11
Harder Than You Think: How Outside Assistance Leads to Overconfidence	11
Titrating the Smell of Fear: Initial Evidence for Dose-Invariant Behavioral, Physiological, and Neural Responses	11
Personality Changes Predict Early Career Outcomes: Discovery and Replication in 12-Year Longitudinal Studies	11
B or 13? Unconscious Top-Down Contextual Effects at the Categorical but Not the Lexical Level	11
Blind at First Sight: The Role of Distinctively Accurate and Positive First Impressions in Romantic Interest	10
Lay Beliefs About Gender and Sexual Behavior: First Evidence for a Pervasive, Robust (but Seemingly Unfounded) Stereotype	10

Levels of Processing Affect Perceptual Features in Visual Associative Memory	10
Psychometric Curves Reveal Three Mechanisms of Vigilance Decrement	10
Aging Predicts Decline in Explicit and Implicit Memory: A Life-Span Study	10
Physically Implied Surfaces	10
Never Too Much—The Benefit of Talent to Team Performance in the National Basketball Association: Comment on Swaab, Schaerer, Anicich, Ronay, and Galinsky (2014)	10
Expectancy Violation Drives Memory Boost for Stressful Events	10
Revisiting the Suffixing Preference: Native-Language Affixation Patterns Influence Perception of Sequences	10
Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception	10
Narcissism and Leadership in Children	10
Does Posture Influence the Stroop Effect?	10
Bedtime Music, Involuntary Musical Imagery, and Sleep	10
Do Religious Primes Increase Risk Taking? Evidence Against “Anticipating Divine Protection” in Two Preregistered Direct Replications of Kupor, Laurin, and Levav (2015)	10
Does Choice Cause an Illusion of Control?	10
Adaptive Repulsion of Long-Term Memory Representations Is Triggered by Event Similarity	10
Incidental Attitude Formation via the Surveillance Task: A Preregistered Replication of the Olson and Fazio (2001) Study	10
Interleaving Retrieval Practice Promotes Science Learning	10
Surprisingly Happy to Have Helped: Underestimating Prosociality Creates a Misplaced Barrier to Asking for Help	10
Lifting the Bar: A Relationship-Orienting Intervention Reduces Recidivism Among Children Reentering School From Juvenile Detention	9
The Altered Course of Learning: How Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Are Shaped by First Drinking Experiences	9
Finding the Pattern: On-Line Extraction of Spatial Structure During Virtual Navigation	9
Recognition of Masked Faces in the Era of the Pandemic: No Improvement Despite Extensive Natural Exposure	9
Learning Novel Skills From Iconic Gestures: A Developmental and Evolutionary Perspective	9
Neural Representations of Procedural Knowledge	9
Storage in Visual Working Memory Recruits a Content-Independent Pointer System	9
How Long Does It Take for a Voice to Become Familiar? Speech Intelligibility and Voice Recognition Are Differentially Sensitive to Voice Training	9
Queen’s Gambit Declined: The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Across 160 Countries	9
Aggressive Realism: More Efficient Processing of Anger in Physically Aggressive Individuals	9
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being	9
Exploring the Impact of Mindfulness on False-Memory Susceptibility	9
Good-Enough Production: Selecting Easier Words Instead of More Accurate Ones	9
Asking People to Explain Complex Policies Does Not Increase Political Moderation: Three Preregistered Failures to Closely Replicate Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, and Sloman’s (2013) Findings	9
Moral Choice When Harming Is Unavoidable	9
Are You for Real? Perceptions of Authenticity Are Systematically Biased and Not Accurate	8
What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender?	8
Sustained Stress Reduces the Age Advantages in Emotional Experience of Older Adults: Commentary on Carstensen et al. (2020)	8
Susceptibility to Being Lured Away by a Stranger: A Real-World Field Test of Selective Trust in Early Childhood	8
Too Reluctant to Reach Out: Receiving Social Support Is More Positive Than Expressers Expect	8
A Call for Greater Sensitivity in the Wake of a Publication Controversy	8
Anxiety-Related Frontocortical Activity Is Associated With Dampened Stressor Reactivity in the Real World	8
Boosting Understanding and Identification of Scientific Consensus Can Help to Correct False Beliefs	8
Grief Symptoms Promote Inflammation During Acute Stress Among Bereaved Spouses	8
Mutual Information and Categorical Perception	8
Enhancing the Wisdom of the Crowd With Cognitive-Process Diversity: The Benefits of Aggregating Intuitive and Analytical Judgments	8
A Self-Controlled Mind Is Reflected by Stable Mental Processing	8
Weak and Variable Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Cognitive Reflection Test Performance in Three Experiments: Commentary on Nave, Nadler, Zava, and Camerer (2017)	8
Children Show a Gender Gap in Negotiation	8
Action Effects on Visual Perception of Distances: A Multilevel Bayesian Meta-Analysis	8
When Not Choosing Leads to Not Liking: Choice-Induced Preference in Infancy	8
Psychosocial Resilience to Inflammation-Associated Depression: A Prospective Study of Breast-Cancer Survivors	8
Parent Contributions to the Development of Political Attitudes in Adoptive and Biological Families	8
Experiencing a Natural Disaster Temporarily Boosts Relationship Satisfaction in Newlywed Couples	8
Scientific-Consensus Communication About Contested Science: A Preregistered Meta-Analysis	8
Undetected Neurodegenerative Disease Biases Estimates of Cognitive Change in Older Adults	8
Working Memory Content Is Distorted by Its Use in Perceptual Comparisons	8
The Temporal Dynamics of Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Between Students and Teachers Predict Learning Outcomes	8
When Are Similar Individuals a Group? Early Reasoning About Similarity and In-Group Support	7
Gender Gaps in Deceptive Self-Presentation on Social-Media Platforms Vary With Gender Equality: A Multinational Investigation	7
Testing Deprivation and Threat: A Preregistered Network Analysis of the Dimensions of Early Adversity	7
Encoding Context Determines Risky Choice	7
The Social Effects of an Awesome Solar Eclipse	7
Stress and Stress-Induced Glucocorticoids Facilitate Empathic Accuracy in Men but Have No Effects for Women	7
The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples	7
Melting Ice With Your Mind: Representational Momentum for Physical States	7
Belief in the Utility of Cross-Partisan Empathy Reduces Partisan Animosity and Facilitates Political Persuasion	7
Mind-Body Practices and Self-Enhancement: Direct Replications of Gebauer et al.’s (2018) Experiments 1 and 2	7
Exact Number Concepts Are Limited to the Verbal Count Range	7
Safe and Sound: The Effects of Experimentally Priming the Sense of Attachment Security on Pure-Tone Audiometric Thresholds Among Young and Older Adults	7
Severe Developmental Dyscalculia Is Characterized by Core Deficits in Both Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Number Sense	7
Perceived Distance Alters Memory for Scene Boundaries	7
Walking in Her Shoes: Pretending to Be a Female Role Model Increases Young Girls’ Persistence in Science	7
Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths	7
Are Sex Differences in Human Brain Structure Associated With Sex Differences in Behavior?	7
Spontaneous Distractor Reactivation With Age: Evidence for Bound Target-Distractor Representations in Memory	7
Face-Information Sampling in Super-Recognizers	7
Can Bad Be Good? The Attraction of a Darker Self	7
Can Short Psychological Interventions Affect Educational Performance? Revisiting the Effect of Self-Affirmation Interventions	7
Nurturing the Mathematical Brain: Home Numeracy Practices Are Associated With Children’s Neural Responses to Arabic Numerals	7
Dimensions of Perception: 3D Real-Life Objects Are More Readily Detected Than Their 2D Images	7
Racial Demographics Explain the Link Between Racial Disparities in Traffic Stops and County-Level Racial Attitudes	7
Greater Male Variability in Cooperation: Meta-Analytic Evidence for an Evolutionary Perspective	7
Absolute Versus Relative Success: Why Overconfidence Creates an Inefficient Equilibrium	7
No Fixed Limit for Storing Simple Visual Features: Realistic Objects Provide an Efficient Scaffold for Holding Features in Mind	6
Pupil-Linked Arousal Biases Evidence Accumulation Toward Desirable Percepts During Perceptual Decision-Making	6
A Salient Sugar Tax Decreases Sugary-Drink Buying	6
Transaction Frame Determines Preferences: Valuation of Labor by Employee and Contractor	6
Physiological Responses to a Haunted-House Threat Experience: Distinct Tonic and Phasic Effects	6
The Reflection Effect in Memory-Based Decisions	6
Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence	6
Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault	6
Shame Broadcasts Social Norms: The Positive Social Effects of Shame on Norm Acquisition and Normative Behavior	6
In Which Direction Does Happiness Predict Subsequent Social Interactions? A Commentary on Quoidbach et al. (2019)	6
Feelings of Culpability: Just Following Orders Versus Making the Decision Oneself	6
Don’t Ditch the Laptop Just Yet: A Direct Replication of Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) Study 1 Plus Mini Meta-Analyses Across Similar Studies	6
Attention Shifts to More Complex Structures With Experience	6
Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal in Transgender Men	6