Respiratory Medicine

Article	Citations
The impact of blood eosinophil count and FeNO on benralizumab effectiveness in clinical practice: An ORBE II subanalysis	84
Editorial Board	84
Identification and validation of SPP1 as a potential biomarker for COPD through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis	72
COVID-19 pulmonary phenotypes and longitudinal patterns in the first wave of the pandemic	67
Mouthpiece ventilation in neuromuscular disorders: Narrative review of technical issues important for clinical success	60
Evolving to a single inhaler extrafine LABA/LAMA/ICS – Inhalation technique and adherence at the heart of COPD patient care (TRIVOLVE)	49
Is asthma control more than just an absence of symptoms? An expert consensus statement	49
Mental health screening in Cystic Fibrosis as an intervention: Patient and caregiver feedback on improving these processes	47
Does baricitinib reduce mortality and disease progression in SARS-CoV-2 virus infected patients? A systematic review and meta analysis	46
Pulmonary vascular disease and exercise hemodynamics in chronic liver disease	46
Smoking and risk of COVID-19 hospitalization	44
COPD is a risk factor for COVID-19, but does not confer increased severity of the disease	40
A prospective study of switching asthma patients from a Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) Inhaled Corticosteroid [ICS]/Long-Acting Beta Agonist [LABA] therapy delivered by Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) to ICS/L	39
Virtual reality for COPD exacerbation: A randomized controlled trial	38
Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and outcomes of pulmonary transthyretin amyloidosis	38
The role of oral microbiome in respiratory health and diseases	38
Pulmonary rehabilitation for acute exacerbations of COPD: A systematic review	37
Emphysema severity index (ESI) associated with respiratory death in a large Swedish general population	37
Relationship between depression severity and respiratory symptoms in US adults: A national cross-sectional study	36
Clinical outcomes in patients with COPD hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 versus non- SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia	34
Efficacy of mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with inadequately controlled asthma with respect to baseline eosinophil count: Post hoc analysis of IRIDIUM study	34
Abnormalities on baseline chest imaging are risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor associated pneumonitis	34
Integrating innovations in asthma research into clinical practice	33
STOP-Bang for OSA screening in patients with pulmonary hypertension	33
Evaluating the relationship between the type of rescue medication and the adequacy of asthma maintenance therapy	33

Prevalence of restrictive lung function in children and adults in the general population	32
A practical approach to pseudoexudative pleural effusions	31
Is asthma's heterogeneity too vast to use traditional phenotyping for modern biologic therapies?	31
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is more strongly associated with coronary artery disease than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	31
How risky is it to remove an airway stent?	30
Trajectories of COPD patients’ response to repeated pulmonary rehabilitation programs	29
Worldwide production on sleep apnea from 2009–2018. Analysis of the ability to secure funding and international collaboration networks	29
Exacerbation history, severity of dyspnoea and maintenance treatment predicts risk of future exacerbations in patients with COPD in the general population	29
Postoperative exercise training improves the quality of life in patients receiving pulmonary resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials	29
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and mortality in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national cohort aged 40 years and older	28
Mental health in patients with asthma: A population-based case-control study	28
Bronchiectasis and inhaled tobramycin: A literature review	28
Ophthalmologic assessments in patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis: An observational study from a universal healthcare system	26
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell subsets associate with the disease course in Löfgren's and non-Löfgren's sarcoidosis patients	26
Home-based intravenous treatment with reslizumab for severe asthma in the Netherlands – An evaluation	26
Effectiveness of a pharmacist-led intervention on inhalation technique for asthma and COPD patients: The INSPIRA pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial	25
Oxyhemoglobin concentrations do not support hemoglobinopathy in COVID-19	25
Prevalence of reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor in smokers with normal spirometry	24
HLA-B54 is an independent risk factor for pneumonia in Japanese patients with interstitial lung disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study	24
Beyond breathing: Systematic review of global chronic obstructive pulmonary disease guidelines for pain management	24
Long-term air pollution exposure and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A UK-wide cohort study	23
Radiological and histopathological features and treatment response by subtypes of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features: A prospective, multicentre cohort study	23
Implementation of virtual pulmonary rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences and perceptions of patients and healthcare providers	22
Assessment of pinch force strength in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the era of AOS® dry powder inhaler based therapies	22
Airway stenting for liberation from positive pressure ventilation in patients with central airway obstruction presenting with acute respiratory failure	22
Editorial Board	21
Geographical and socioeconomic differences in compliance with and access to allergen immunotherapy in Denmark: A nationwide registry-based study – 1998-2016	21
Lung ultrasonography derived B-line scores as predictors of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure	21
Is it preferable to administer a bronchodilator once- or twice-daily when treating COPD?	21
Reduction of bronchial response to mannitol after partial switch from conventional tobacco to electronic cigarette consumption	21
Latent class analysis of chest CT abnormalities to define subphenotypes in patients with MPO-ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis	21
Development of a new aerosol barrier mask for mitigation of spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens	21
Factors associated to physical activity in patients with COPD: An ecological approach	20
Prognostic factors associated with mortality in acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	20
The acute effects of endurance exercise on epithelial integrity of the airways in athletes and non-athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis	19
Gastroesophageal reflux and snoring are related to asthma and respiratory symptoms: Results from a Nordic longitudinal population survey	19
A comprehensive assessment of environmental exposures and the medical history guides multidisciplinary discussion in interstitial lung disease	19
Impact of wearing a surgical facemask during exercise on dyspnea in patients with chronic pulmonary infections: A randomized crossover study	19
Spirometry quality predictors in a large multistate prospective study	19
Disease burden in individuals with symptomatic undiagnosed asthma or COPD	19
Prognostication of co-morbidity clusters on hospitalisation and mortality in advanced COPD	19
Comparison of the prognostic performance of the CURB-65 and a modified version of the pneumonia severity index designed to identify high-risk patients using the International Community-Acquired Pneumo	19
Sweat metabolomics before and after intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbation in people with cystic fibrosis	18
Onion consumption is protective against asthma risk in children: ROAD to health population-based cohort study	18
The effect of heated humidified nasal high flow oxygen supply on exercise tolerance in patients with interstitial lung disease: A pilot study	18
The influence of the interventionalist's sex on the outcome and complications of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy	18
Bronchial thermoplasty improves cough hypersensitivity and cough in severe asthmatics	18
Association of computed tomography-derived pectoralis muscle area and density with disease severity and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control stud	17
Determinants of radiological patterns and severity in immunocompromised adults with Metapneumovirus infection	17
Identification of sleep phenotypes in COPD using machine learning-based cluster analysis	17

Oxygen therapy for exercise capacity in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	17
Outcomes of prednisone-tapering regimens for cardiac sarcoidosis: A retrospective analysis demonstrating a benefit of infliximab	16
Are biologics effective on lung hyperinflation in patients with resistant asthma?	16
Using the phase III slope of exhaled methane during a single breath DLCO test to assess ventilation heterogeneity	16
The long-term clinical and economic benefits of treating advanced COPD patients with single-inhaler triple therapy in Quebec, Canada – The IMPACT trial	16
Effect of high-flow nasal cannula on mechanical ventilator duration in bronchiolitis patients	16
The detrimental effect of quantity of smoking on survival in progressive fibrosing ILD	16
Practical management of oral treprostinil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Lessons from ADAPT, EXPEDITE, and expert consensus	16
Obesity and asthma: A focused review	16
Cell free ACE2 RNA: A potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity	16
The effect of pleural drainage on pulse oximetry in a post-operative thoracic surgery population	16
Clofazimine serum concentration and safety/efficacy in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease treatment	16
In COPD- right treatment, right patient, right time, right approach?	15
Combined assessment of pulmonary arterial enlargement and coronary calcification predicts the prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	15
Prescriptions of respiratory medications in children aged 0–10 years: A longitudinal drug utilization study in the POMME database	15
Importance of type and degree of IgE sensitisation for defining fractional exhaled nitric oxide reference values	15
Major adverse cardiovascular outcomes within distinct pulmonary hypertension patterns in advanced chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort analysis	15
Efficacy of self-management mobile applications for patients with breathlessness: Systematic review and quality assessment of publicly available applications	15
Prognostic value of key variables from cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with COPD: 42-month follow-up	14
Lower physical activity levels in youth with Cystic Fibrosis compared to healthy controls: A multicentre comparative study	14
Factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with Covid-19	14
A new standard scoring for interstitial pneumonia based on quantitative analysis of ultrasonographic data: A study on COVID-19 patients	14
Interventional pulmonology techniques in lung transplantation	14
Clinical assessment of scannographic markers for sarcopenia in lung transplant candidates	14
Clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: A systematic review	14
Comparison of organ involvement clusters in Black and White American sarcoidosis patients from a prospectively collected patient registry	14
The 1-min sit-to-stand test as a screening tool to assess exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in normoxemic people with interstitial lung disease	14
Survival in COPD patients treated with bronchoscopic lung volume reduction	14
Anatomical and histopathological approaches to asthma phenotyping	14
COVID-19: Why does disease severity vary among individuals?	13
Longitudinal changes in lung function following post-9/11 military deployment in symptomatic veterans	13
Urban-rural and socio-economic differences in inhaled corticosteroid treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide register-based cross-sectional study	13
Pneumothorax and barotrauma in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19	13
Candida spp. co-infection in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia: Prevalence study and associated risk factors	13
Genetics plays a limited role in predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment response and exacerbation	13
Benralizumab efficacy and safety in severe asthma: A randomized trial in Asia	13
Daily inhaled flow profiles and drug release from dry powder inhalers in patients with bronchial asthma	13
Patient and caregiver shared experiences of pulmonary fibrosis (PF): A systematic literature review	13
High expression of mTOR signaling in granulomatous lesions is not predictive for the clinical course of sarcoidosis	13
Development of a predictive score to discriminate community acquired pneumonia with underlying lung cancer: A retrospective case – control study	13
Editorial Board	12
Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for progressive pulmonary fibrosis in connective tissue disease related interstitial lung disease	12
Mepolizumab effectiveness in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and co-presence of bronchiectasis: A real-world retrospective pilot study	12
Evaluation of pulmonary complications and affecting factors in children for repaired esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula	12
Balance measures for fall risk screening in community-dwelling older adults with COPD: A longitudinal analysis	12
Effect of antifibrotic therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis undergoing lung transplant in the peri and post-operative period	12
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients	12
The impact of demographic disparities in the presentation of sarcoidosis: A multicenter prospective study	12
Poor outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe asthma on biologic therapy	12
Enhanced prothrombotic and proinflammatory activity of circulating extracellular vesicles in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	12
Qualitative coronary artery calcification scores and risk of all cause, COPD and pneumonia hospital admission in a large CT lung cancer screening cohort	12
High-flow nasal cannula may prolong the length of hospital stay in patients with hypercapnic acute COPD exacerbation	12
Chest imaging classification in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is associated with its clinical features and outcomes	12
Long-term clinical outcomes of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis and advanced pulmonary disease	11
Oral treprostinil improves pulmonary vascular compliance in pulmonary arterial hypertension	11
Comparison of clinical remission criteria for severe asthma patients receiving biologic therapy	11
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: Clinical, radiological and histopathological features	11
Disease diagnosis and severity classification in pulmonary fibrosis using carbonyl volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath	11
Tobramycin safety and efficacy review article	11
Palliative care interventions in chronic respiratory diseases: A systematic review	11
Serum IgA levels for predicting the development of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis	11
Association between self-reported falling risk and risk of hospitalization for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	11
Vitamin D deficiency and lung function decline in healthy individuals: A large longitudinal observation study	11
The role of FeNO in stable COPD patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation	11
Lung abscess: Clinical characteristics of 222 Danish patients diagnosed from 2016 to 2021	11
Endothelial function provides early prognostic information in patients with COVID-19: A cohort study	11
End-tidal carbon dioxide, a point-of-care biomarker to assess severity in acute asthma: A systematic review	10
The clinical features of asthma exacerbations in early-onset and eosinophilic late-onset asthma may differ significantly	10
Lower respiratory illnesses in childhood are associated with the presence of air trapping in early adulthood	10
Obstructive sleep apnoea-associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed by polysomnography: A scoping review	10
The burden of mild asthma: Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the NOVELTY study	10
A genome-wide association study on frequent exacerbation of asthma depending on smoking status	10
Risk factors for hospitalization in subspecialty patients with severe persistent asthma	10
Health-related quality of life and symptom concordance between patients and physicians in pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States, Europe, and Japan	10
Bioinformatics analysis of hypoxia associated genes and inflammatory cytokine profiling in COPD-PH	10
Asthma burden according to treatment steps in the French population-based cohort CONSTANCES	10
New updates on hepatopulmonary syndrome: A comprehensive review	10
A historical cohort study on predictors for successful weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation and up to 3-year survival follow-up in a rehabilitation center	10
High-intensity interval training improves the outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	10
Association between calcium channel blocker use and the risk of interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A longitudinal cohort study	10

Mechanical power density, spontaneous breathing indexes, and weaning readiness following prolonged mechanical ventilation	10
Airway total bacterial density, microbiota community composition and relationship with clinical parameters in bronchiectasis	10
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis radiologic features in interstitial lung diseases	10
Efficacy and safety of dupilumab as add-on therapy for patients with severe asthma: A real-world Dutch cohort study	10
Nasal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children with allergic rhinitis	10
The minimally important difference in the six-minute walk test predicts clinical worsening in pulmonary arterial hypertension	10
The interplay of plant-based antioxidants, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in asthma: A systematic review	10
Prevalence and prognostic value of malnutrition in patients with IPF using three scoring systems	10
Advanced emphysema leads to high false positivity rate for pneumothorax in point of care ultrasound	10
Therapeutic drug monitoring of elexacaftor, tezacaftor, and ivacaftor before, during, and after pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis: An observational study	10
Editorial Board	9
Variability in chest radiology interpretation between thoracic and non-thoracic radiologists: Implications for pulmonary fibrosis care	9
Appraisal and evaluation of the quality of life in pulmonary arterial hypertension instruments: A systematic review using COSMIN methodology	9
Predictive factors for tuberculous peripheral pulmonary lesions during radial endobronchial ultrasound	9
High arousal threshold is associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea	9
Investigation of pepsin levels in bronchial lavage in patients with interstitial lung disease and chronic cough	9
Influence of heart failure (HF) comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and isolated forms of HF and COPD on cardiovascular function during hospitalization	9
Epidermal growth factor receptor in asthma: A promising therapeutic target?	9
Custom silicone Y-stents for the management of anastomotic stenosis in lung transplant recipients	9
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV outbreaks in children: A multicenter study from China	9
Pulmonary function using impulse oscillometry system and clinical outcomes at age 4 years in children born extremely preterm with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia	9
Understanding the acceptability of the changing model of care in cystic fibrosis	9
Evaluation of continuous positive airway pressure adherence and its contributing factors	9
A pragmatic screening tool for identification of chronic hypercapnia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	9
Suggestions for lung function testing in the context of COVID-19	9
Cellular senescence is a potential severity factor for COVID-19: Suitable targets required to eliminate cellular senescence	9
Autofluorescence imaging-assisted medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of malignant pleural disease	9
Prevalence and significance of pulmonary hypertension among hospitalized patients with left heart disease	9
Pulmonary rehabilitation in lung transplant candidates with pulmonary arterial hypertension	9
High burden of respiratory allergy in children warrants early identification and treatment with allergen immunotherapy	9
Maternal and fetal outcomes in multiparous women with Cystic Fibrosis	9
What kind of non-pharmacological strategy for reducing sedentary behavior in COPD? Data from a scoping review	9
Adult but not childhood onset asthma is associated with the metabolic syndrome, independent from body mass index	9
Responsiveness of the late life disability instrument to pulmonary rehabilitation in people with COPD	9
Quality over quantity; eosinophil activation status will deepen the insight into eosinophilic diseases	9
Effects of an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator MK-5475 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)	8
Paediatric long term continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in France: A cross-sectional study	8
Factors associated with “Frequent Exacerbator” phenotype in children with bronchiectasis: The first report on children from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry	8
A soft systems approach of asthma management in children based on therapeutic education and e-learning	8
Subglottic Dilation in Preterm infants	8
Sarcoidosis: A nationwide registry-based study of incidence, prevalence and diagnostic work-up	8
A patient decision aid for mild asthma: Navigating a new asthma treatment paradigm	8
Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: A multicenter retrospective research network study	8
Characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first 28 days of the spring and autumn pandemic waves in Milan: An observational prospective study	8
Correlation of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective cohort study	8
Functional significance of 8-isoprostanes in sinonasal disease and asthma	8
Effect of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program on functional capacity and health-related quality of life in people with interstitial lung disease – A randomized controlled trial protocol	8
Editorial Board	8
Does Duke Activity Status Index help predicting functional exercise capacity and long-term prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension?	8
Durable medication-free remission of sarcoidosis following discontinuation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy	8
Assessment of dyspnea in sarcoidosis using the Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) and the Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI)	8
Multidimensional indices in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	8
Impact of the new European respiratory (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) pulmonary function test interpretation guidelines 2021 on the interpretation of bronchodilator responsiveness in subjects w	8
Cost-effectiveness of sustained-release morphine for refractory breathlessness in COPD: A randomized clinical trial	8
Bronchial thermoplasty attenuates bronchodilator responsiveness	8
Systemic lupus erythematosus in pediatric patients: Pulmonary manifestations	8
Phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Associations with physical inactivity and frailty	8
Applicability of GLI 2012 spirometry equation among preschool aged Jordanian	8
Integrative respiratory follow-up of severe COVID-19 reveals common functional and lung imaging sequelae	8
Integral mediastinal staging in patients with NON-SMALL cell lung cancer and risk factors for occult N2 disease	8
Using short-term prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of infectious complications after radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial biopsy	8
Reviewer Thank You	7
Lung ultrasound findings following COVID-19 hospitalization: A prospective longitudinal cohort study	7
Is there a procoagulant state long-term after lung transplantation? A prospective study	7
Prognostic significance of right atrial volume and interval changes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension	7
Interactions between microbiome and underlying mechanisms in asthma	7
Cardiac sarcoidosis outcome differences: A comparison of patients with de novo cardiac versus known extracardiac sarcoidosis at presentation	7
TRICOP – A Real-world effectiveness study with a single-inhaler extrafine triple therapy over 52 weeks in Austrian patients with COPD	7
The psychological disorder and personality traits of individuals with pulmonary nodules	7
The severity of acute exacerbations of COPD and the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation	7
Systematic review of tailored dietary advice and dietitian involvement in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	7
Quantitative evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes	7
Advances in co-pathogenesis of the united airway diseases	7
Arterial partial pressure of oxygen and diffusion function as prognostic biomarkers for acute pulmonary embolism	7
Real-world impact of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor treatment in young people with Cystic Fibrosis: A longitudinal study	7
Occupational and environmental exposures in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis (GRADS) study	7
Three-year outcome of a very young severe uncontrolled preschool wheezers cohort, a real-life study	7
Relationship between prior inhaled corticosteroid use and benefits of budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate on exacerbations, symptoms, health-related quality of life, and lung funct	7
A systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Leicester Cough Questionnaires based on the COSMIN guidelines	7
Early childhood respiratory morbidity according to gestational age at birth: A nationwide cohort study	7
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lung function in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis lung study	7
Emphysema and interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension	7
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the airway microbiome: A review for clinicians	7
Screening tools for the detection of clinically silent cardiac sarcoidosis	7
Clinical information predicting severe obstructive sleep apnea: A cross-sectional study of patients waiting for sleep diagnostics	7
Physical activity among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Spain (2014–2020): Temporal trends, sex differences, and associated factors	7
Serum cholesterol levels predict the survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A long-term follow up study	7
Sensitive methods for assessment of lung health in welders and controls	7
Pneumococal community-acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit: Azithromycin remains protective despite macrolide resistance	7
The 5T approach in asthma: Triple Therapy Targeting Treatable Traits	7
Childhood onset asthma is associated with lower educational level in young adults – A prospective cohort study	7
Optimizing routine screening for cardiac sarcoidosis through use of commonly available studies	7
Systemic vascular health is compromised in both confirmed and unconfirmed asthma	7
Particularities of deposition of two ICS-LABA fixed dose combination dry powder aerosol drugs in the airways of COPD patients	7
Disease Behaviour Classification: A pragmatic model for predicting outcomes in Interstitial Lung Disease	7