Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Article	Citations
Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement	951
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews	920
GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions	464
Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews	438
Logistic regression was as good as machine learning for predicting major chronic diseases	228
A full systematic review was completed in 2 weeks using automation tools: a case study	205
GRADE Guidelines 28: Use of GRADE for the assessment of evidence about prognostic factors: rating certainty in identification of groups of patients with different absolute risks	188
Reporting scoping reviews—PRISMA ScR extension	159
GRADE guidelines: 21 part 1. Study design, risk of bias, and indirectness in rating the certainty across a body of evidence for test accuracy	158
GRADE guidelines: 21 part 2. Test accuracy: inconsistency, imprecision, publication bias, and other domains for rating the certainty of evidence and presenting it in evidence profiles and summary of f	153
The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) showed low interrater reliability and challenges in its application	136
Framework for the treatment and reporting of missing data in observational studies: The Treatment And Reporting of Missing data in Observational Studies framework	129
Defining Rapid Reviews: a systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of definitions and defining characteristics of rapid reviews	128
No clear choice between Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies to assess methodological quality in cross-sectional studies of health-related quality of life and breast c	123
Social media can have an impact on how we manage and investigate the COVID-19 pandemic	122
COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine	116
Machine learning algorithms performed no better than regression models for prognostication in traumatic brain injury	115
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores do not accurately estimate depression prevalence: individual participant data meta-analysis	109
GRADE guidelines 32: GRADE offers guidance on choosing targets of GRADE certainty of evidence ratings	108
Conducting high quality scoping reviews-challenges and solutions	107
Quality assessment of prevalence studies: a systematic review	101
A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions	97
Many researchers were not compliant with their published data sharing statement: a mixed-methods study	97
PCORnet® 2020: current state, accomplishments, and future directions	90
Nearly 80 systematic reviews were published each day: Observational study on trends in epidemiology and reporting over the years 2000-2019	89

Ignoring competing events in the analysis of survival data may lead to biased results: a nonmathematical illustration of competing risk analysis	85
Single-reviewer abstract screening missed 13 percent of relevant studies: a crowd-based, randomized controlled trial	82
Machine learning reduced workload with minimal risk of missing studies: development and evaluation of a randomized controlled trial classifier for Cochrane Reviews	76
GRADE Guidelines 30: the GRADE approach to assessing the certainty of modeled evidence—An overview in the context of health decision-making	73
Reporting and methodological quality of COVID-19 systematic reviews needs to be improved: an evidence mapping	72
Restricting evidence syntheses of interventions to English-language publications is a viable methodological shortcut for most medical topics: a systematic review	72
An overview of platform trials with a checklist for clinical readers	68
Rapid review methods more challenging during COVID-19: commentary with a focus on 8 knowledge synthesis steps	67
Design characteristics and statistical methods used in interrupted time series studies evaluating public health interventions: a review	64
Tutorial on directed acyclic graphs	61
An evaluation of Cochrane Crowd found that crowdsourcing produced accurate results in identifying randomized trials	60
Cochrane Centralised Search Service showed high sensitivity identifying randomized controlled trials: A retrospective analysis	60
Clinical prediction models: diagnosis versus prognosis	58
Controversy and Debate: Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 1: A call for change to practice	57
Missing data is poorly handled and reported in prediction model studies using machine learning: a literature review	56
A systematic review finds Core Outcome Set uptake varies widely across different areas of health	53
Methodology over metrics: current scientific standards are a disservice to patients and society	52
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 1: What Evidence-Based Research is and why is it important?	52
Missing at random assumption made more plausible: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort	51
Causal analyses of existing databases: no power calculations required	51
Penalization and shrinkage methods produced unreliable clinical prediction models especially when sample size was small	51
Reporting guidelines of health research studies are frequently used inappropriately	50
Methods for depicting overlap in overviews of systematic reviews: An introduction to static tabular and graphical displays	49
Using the full PICO model as a search tool for systematic reviews resulted in lower recall for some PICO elements	49
ROC curves for clinical prediction models part 1. ROC plots showed no added value above the AUC when evaluating the performance of clinical prediction models	49
External validation of clinical prediction models: simulation-based sample size calculations were more reliable than rules-of-thumb	49
GRADE guidance 24 optimizing the integration of randomized and non-randomized studies of interventions in evidence syntheses and health guidelines	48
Missing data should be handled differently for prediction than for description or causal explanation	48
Reporting of prognostic clinical prediction models based on machine learning methods in oncology needs to be improved	47
A proposed framework to guide evidence synthesis practice for meta-analysis with zero-events studies	46
Exclusion of studies with no events in both arms in meta-analysis impacted the conclusions	46
Weekly updates of national living evidence-based guidelines: methods for the Australian living guidelines for care of people with COVID-19	46
Citation bias and other determinants of citation in biomedical research: findings from six citation networks	45
Effect estimates of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions are non-robust and highly model-dependent	44
Objectively measured physical activity is associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review	43
Adverse drug reaction risks obtained from meta-analyses and pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses are correlated in most cases	42
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 2 : Using an Evidence-Based Research approach before a new study is conducted to ensure value	42
Authors should clearly report how they derived the overall rating when applying AMSTAR 2—a cross-sectional study	41
The reporting of race and/or ethnicity in the medical literature: a retrospective bibliometric analysis confirmed room for improvement	40
Reliability of the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB2) improved with the use of implementation instruction	40
Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: Responsiveness, the longitudinal aspect of validity	40
Using GRADE in situations of emergencies and urgencies: certainty in evidence and recommendations matters during the COVID-19 pandemic, now more than ever and no matter what	39
Two different invitation approaches for consecutive rounds of a Delphi survey led to comparable final outcome	39
Quality versus Risk-of-Bias assessment in clinical research	39
In a meta-analysis, the I-squared statistic does not tell us how much the effect size varies	39
Quality and risk of bias appraisals of systematic reviews are inconsistent across reviewers and centers	38
Methods for prospectively incorporating gender into health sciences research	37
Minimal important difference estimates for patient-reported outcomes: A systematic survey	37
Tools to support the automation of systematic reviews: a scoping review	36
What to do with all the AGREEs? The AGREE portfolio of tools to support the guideline enterprise	36

GRADE Guidance 34: update on rating imprecision using a minimally contextualized approach	35
PRISMA 2020	35
Believing in black boxes: machine learning for healthcare does not need explainability to be evidence-based	35
Methods to assess research misconduct in health-related research: A scoping review	34
Future of evidence ecosystem series: 3. From an evidence synthesis ecosystem to an evidence ecosystem	33
Changing predictor measurement procedures affected the performance of prediction models in clinical examples	32
Cochrane's risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) is frequently misapplied: A methodological systematic review	32
Use of core outcome sets was low in clinical trials published in major medical journals	32
Handling missing data in clinical research	32
Estimating total morbidity burden of COVID-19: relative importance of death and disability	32
GRADE guidelines 33: Addressing imprecision in a network meta-analysis	32
Controversy and Debate Series on Core Outcome Sets. Paper 1: Improving the generalizability and credibility of core outcome sets (COS) by a large and international participation of diverse stakeholder	31
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) notes: extremely serious, GRADE's terminology for rating down by three levels	31
Future of evidence ecosystem series: 1. Introduction Evidence synthesis ecosystem needs dramatic change	31
Resource use during systematic review production varies widely: a scoping review	31
Bayes’ rule in diagnosis	30
Getting trustworthy guidelines into the hands of decision-makers and supporting their consideration of contextual factors for implementation globally: recommendation mapping of COVID-19 guidelines	30
Minimal important changes and differences were estimated for Oxford hip and knee scores following primary and revision arthroplasty	30
Most healthcare interventions tested in Cochrane Reviews are not effective according to high quality evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis	30
Natural language processing was effective in assisting rapid title and abstract screening when updating systematic reviews	29
Developing trustworthy recommendations as part of an urgent response (1–2 weeks): a GRADE concept paper	29
Title, abstract, and keyword searching resulted in poor recovery of articles in systematic reviews of epidemiologic practice	29
Language restrictions in systematic reviews should not be imposed in the search strategy but in the eligibility criteria if necessary	29
Effective dose 50 method as the minimal clinically important difference: Evidence from depression trials	28
Conflict of interest as ethical shorthand: understanding the range and nature of “non-financial conflict of interest” in biomedicine	28
The Swedish Hip Fracture Register and National Patient Register were valuable for research on hip fractures: comparison of two registers	28
Systematic review automation tools improve efficiency but lack of knowledge impedes their adoption: a survey	28
Methods used in the selection of instruments for outcomes included in core outcome sets have improved since the publication of the COSMIN/COMET guideline	28
Global mapping of overviews of systematic reviews in healthcare published between 2000 and 2020: a bibliometric analysis	27
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 3: Using an Evidence-Based Research approach to place your results into context after the study is performed to ensure usefulness of the conclusion	27
The majority of reporting guidelines are not developed with the Delphi method: a systematic review of reporting guidelines	27
Large-scale validation of the prediction model risk of bias assessment Tool (PROBAST) using a short form: high risk of bias models show poorer discrimination	27
Time to improve the reporting of harms in randomized controlled trials	26
CONSORT endorsement improves the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials in dentistry	26
Review finds core outcome set uptake in new studies and systematic reviews needs improvement	26
Evidence Based Social Science in China Paper 3: The quality of social science RCTs published from 2000–2020	25
Transparency, trust and minimizing burden to increase recruitment and retention in trials: a systematic review	25
Cochrane risk of bias tool was used inadequately in the majority of non-Cochrane systematic reviews	25
Different control conditions can produce different effect estimates in psychotherapy trials for depression	25
An observational study found large methodological heterogeneity in systematic reviews addressing prevalence and cumulative incidence	25
Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 1: An introduction to research on harms	25
The MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale demonstrated a unified framework for bias assessment	24
Challenges in applying the GRADE approach in public health guidelines and systematic reviews: a concept article from the GRADE Public Health Group	24
GRADE guidance 35: update on rating imprecision for assessing contextualized certainty of evidence and making decisions	24
Future of Evidence Ecosystem Series: Evidence ecosystems and learning health systems: why bother?	24
A method for calculating the fragility index of continuous outcomes	24
COllaborative open platform E-cohorts for research acceleration in trials and epidemiology	24
Population median imputation was noninferior to complex approaches for imputing missing values in cardiovascular prediction models in clinical practice	24
The trials within cohorts design facilitated efficient patient enrollment and generalizability in oncology setting	24
Evidence-based medicine in times of crisis	24
Discrepancies in meta-analyses answering the same clinical question were hard to explain: a meta-epidemiological study	24
Methodological challenges for living systematic reviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic: A concept paper	23
Future of evidence ecosystem series: 2. current opportunities and need for better tools and methods	23
AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating: lacking discriminating capacity or requirement of high methodological quality?	23
In network meta-analysis, most of the information comes from indirect evidence: empirical study	23
The methodological quality is insufficient in clinical practice guidelines in the context of COVID-19: systematic review	22
Data and code availability statements in systematic reviews of interventions were often missing or inaccurate: a content analysis	22
A framework for practical issues was developed to inform shared decision-making tools and clinical guidelines	22
Systematic scoping review identifies heterogeneity in outcomes measured in adolescent depression clinical trials	22
More than half of systematic reviews have relevant core outcome sets	22
Missing data was handled inconsistently in UK prediction models: a review of method used	22
A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta‐analyses (CDIM) of interventions	22
Real-time imputation of missing predictor values improved the application of prediction models in daily practice	22
Citation screening using crowdsourcing and machine learning produced accurate results: Evaluation of Cochrane's modified Screen4Me service	22
Text-mining in electronic healthcare records can be used as efficient tool for screening and data collection in cardiovascular trials: a multicenter validation study	21
GRADE Guidance: 31. Assessing the certainty across a body of evidence for comparative test accuracy	21
The quality of evidence for medical interventions does not improve or worsen: a metaepidemiological study of Cochrane reviews	21
JBI series paper 2: tailored evidence synthesis approaches are required to answer diverse questions: a pragmatic evidence synthesis toolkit from JBI	21
An introduction to mediation analyses of randomized controlled trials	21
GRADE notes: How to use GRADE when there is “no” evidence? A case study of the expert evidence approach	21
Using preprints in evidence synthesis: Commentary on experience during the COVID-19 pandemic	21
A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis	21
Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: detecting and dealing with heterogeneity in meta-analyses	21
The fragility of trial results involves more than statistical significance alone	20
Meta-epidemiological study of publication integrity, and quality of conduct and reporting of randomized trials included in a systematic review of low back pain	20
Research response to coronavirus disease 2019 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials	20
Methodological quality was critically low in 9/10 systematic reviews in advanced cancer patients—A methodological study	20
Few evaluative studies exist examining rapid review methodology across stages of conduct: a systematic scoping review	20
Internal-external cross-validation helped to evaluate the generalizability of prediction models in large clustered datasets	20
Why methods matter in a meta-analysis: a reappraisal showed inconclusive injury preventive effect of Nordic hamstring exercise	20

Consideration of confounding was suboptimal in the reporting of observational studies in psychiatry: a meta-epidemiological study	20
A systematic review and external validation of stroke prediction models demonstrates poor performance in dialysis patients	20
A systematic review highlights the need to improve the quality and applicability of trials of physical therapy interventions for low back pain	20
Results dissemination from completed clinical trials conducted at German university medical centers remained delayed and incomplete. The 2014 –2017 cohort	20
Methodological challenges in studying the COVID-19 pandemic crisis	20
A cautionary note on the use of the missing indicator method for handling missing data in prediction research	20
A search filter to identify pragmatic trials in MEDLINE was highly specific but lacked sensitivity	20
Differentiating between mapping reviews and scoping reviews in the evidence synthesis ecosystem	20
Tutorial: A nontechnical explanation of the counterfactual definition of effect modification and interaction	20
A new method for synthesizing test accuracy data outperformed the bivariate method	20
Use of GRADE in evidence syntheses published in high-impact-factor nutrition journals: A methodological survey	20
Citation impact was highly variable for reporting guidelines of health research: a citation analysis	19
A review of pragmatic trials found a high degree of diversity in design and scope, deficiencies in reporting and trial registry data, and poor indexing	19
Future of Evidence Ecosystem Series: Evidence synthesis 2.0: when systematic, scoping, rapid, living, and overviews of reviews come together	19
Many meta-analyses of rare events in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were underpowered	19
Will COVID-19 result in a giant step backwards for women in academic science?	19
Logistic regression and machine learning predicted patient mortality from large sets of diagnosis codes comparably	19
Psychometric measurements of AMSTAR 2 in a sample of meta-analyses indexed in PsycINFO	19
When can the Bland & Altman limits of agreement method be used and when it should not be used	19
The fragility index can be used for sample size calculations in clinical trials	18
Extensive variability of work participation outcomes measured in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review	18
Methods and reporting of systematic reviews of comparative accuracy were deficient: a methodological survey and proposed guidance	18
Quality control for crowdsourcing citation screening: the importance of assessment number and qualification set size	18
Adverse event recording failed to reflect potential harms: a review of trial protocols of behavioral, lifestyle and psychological therapy interventions	18
High prevalence of spin was found in pharmacovigilance studies using disproportionality analyses to detect safety signals: a meta-epidemiological study	18
Exercise interventions for low back pain are poorly reported: a systematic review	18
AGREE II appraisals of clinical practice guidelines in rehabilitation showed poor reporting and moderate variability in quality ratings when users apply different cuff-offs: a methodological study	17
Approaches to addressing missing values, measurement error, and confounding in epidemiologic studies	17
Methodological and reporting quality in non-Cochrane systematic review updates could be improved: a comparative study	17
Overall bias methods and their use in sensitivity analysis of Cochrane reviews were not consistent	17
SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests provide benefits for epidemic control – observations from Austrian schools	17
Patient-reported outcome measures in core outcome sets targeted overlapping domains but through different instruments	17
Bias as a source of inconsistency in ivermectin trials for COVID-19: A systematic review. Ivermectin's suggested benefits are mainly based on potentially biased results	17
Conclusions from surveys may not consider important biases: a systematic survey of surveys	17
Hypothetical case replacement can be used to quantify the robustness of trial results	17
A nontechnical explanation of the counterfactual definition of confounding	17
Feasibility of national living guideline methods: The Australian Stroke Guidelines	17
Effect Modifiers and Statistical Tests for Interaction in Randomized Trials	17
A taxonomy and framework for identifying and developing actionable statements in guidelines suggests avoiding informal recommendations	16
A randomized trial of an editorial intervention to reduce spin in the abstract’s conclusion of manuscripts showed no significant effect	16
The development methods of official GRADE articles and requirements for claiming the use of GRADE – A statement by the GRADE guidance group	16
RIGHT for acupuncture: An extension of the RIGHT statement for clinical practice guidelines on acupuncture	16
The number needed to treat for net effect (NNTnet) as a metric for measuring combined benefits and harms	16
Integrating travel history via big data analytics under universal healthcare framework for disease control and prevention in the COVID-19 pandemic	16
Using Embase as a supplement to PubMed in Cochrane reviews differed across fields	16
Toward a framework for the design, implementation, and reporting of methodology scoping reviews	16
Why trials lose participants: A multitrial investigation of participants’ perspectives using the theoretical domains framework	16
Asking questions changes health-related behavior: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis	16
Avoiding overadjustment bias in social epidemiology through appropriate covariate selection: a primer	16
Composite endpoints	16
In-depth qualitative interviews identified barriers and facilitators that influenced chief investigators’ use of core outcome sets in randomised controlled trials	16
Sample size, study length, and inadequate controls were the most common self-acknowledged limitations in manual therapy trials: A methodological review	16
A methodological review revealed that reporting of trials in manual therapy has not improved over time	16
PRECIS-2 for retrospective assessment of RCTs in systematic reviews	16
A validation study revealed differences in design and performance of MEDLINE search filters for qualitative research	16
Counterfactual clinical prediction models could help to infer individualized treatment effects in randomized controlled trials—An illustration with the International Stroke Trial	15
A new statistical methodology overcame the defects of the Bland–Altman method	15
GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE's approach to addressing inconsistency	15
New outcome-specific comorbidity scores excelled in predicting in-hospital mortality and healthcare charges in administrative databases	15
Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 1: Introduction	15
Clinical Epidemiology in China series. Paper 4: The reporting and methodological quality of Chinese clinical practice guidelines published between 2014 and 2018: A systematic review	15
Access to data from clinical trials in the COVID-19 crisis: open, flexible, and time-sensitive	15
New measures improved the reporting of heterogeneity in diagnostic test accuracy reviews: a metaepidemiological study	15
More than one-third of Cochrane reviews had gift authors, whereas ghost authorship was rare	15
Guideline developers in the United States were inconsistent in applying criteria for appropriate Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation use	15
A common framework of steps and criteria for prioritizing topics for evidence syntheses: a systematic review	15
Promoting effective use of patient-reported outcomes in clinical practice: themes from a “Methods Tool kit” paper series	15
Part I: A friendly introduction to latent class analysis	15
The fragility index of practice changing clinical trials is low and highly correlated with P-values	15
Most published systematic reviews of remdesivir for COVID-19 were redundant and lacked currency	15
International alliance and AGREE-ment of 71 clinical practice guidelines on the management of critical care patients with COVID-19: a living systematic review	14
A systematic review evaluating screening instruments for gambling disorder finds lack of adequate evidence	14
A confirmatory factor analysis approach was found to accurately estimate the reliability of transition ratings	14
The problems with systematic reviews: a living systematic review	14
Loss to follow-up correction increased mortality estimates in HIV–positive people on antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique	14
Searching two or more databases decreased the risk of missing relevant studies: a metaresearch study	14
Best-worst scaling identified adequate statistical methods and literature search as the most important items of AMSTAR2 (A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews)	14
Applying machine learning algorithms to electronic health records to predict pneumonia after respiratory tract infection	14
The UpPriority tool was developed to guide the prioritization of clinical guideline questions for updating	14
Systematic reviews are rarely used to inform study design - a systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Challenges of evidence synthesis during the 2020 COVID pandemic: a scoping review	14
Three behavior change theory–informed randomized studies within a trial to improve response rates to trial postal questionnaires	14
A systematic review that is ``rapid'' and ``living'': A specific answer to the COVID-19 pandemic	14
Response changes in Delphi processes: why is it important to provide high-quality feedback to Delphi participants?	14
A meta-epidemiological study found lack of transparency and poor reporting of disproportionality analyses for signal detection in pharmacovigilance databases	14
Study designs for comparative diagnostic test accuracy: A methodological review and classification scheme	13
Patient reported outcome measures in clinical trials should be initially analyzed as continuous outcomes for statistical significance and responder analyses should be reserved as secondary analyses	13
Clinical trial registration was associated with lower risk of bias compared with non-registered trials among trials included in systematic reviews	13
Noncollapsibility, confounding, and sparse-data bias. Part 1: The oddities of odds	13
Preference-based instrumental variables in health research rely on important and underreported assumptions: a systematic review	13
The Odds Ratio is “portable” across baseline risk but not the Relative Risk: Time to do away with the log link in binomial regression	13
Abstracts for reports of randomized trials of COVID-19 interventions had low quality and high spin	13
Discrepancies from registered protocols and spin occurred frequently in randomized psychotherapy trials—A meta-epidemiologic study	13
A framework is proposed for defining, categorizing, and assessing conflicts of interest in health research	13
Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 2: Methods used to assess harms are neglected in systematic reviews of gabapentin	13