Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

Article	Citations
Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement	1247
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews	1197
Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group offers evidence-informed guidance to conduct rapid reviews	561
Defining Rapid Reviews: a systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of definitions and defining characteristics of rapid reviews	170
Framework for the treatment and reporting of missing data in observational studies: The Treatment And Reporting of Missing data in Observational Studies framework	168
Conducting high quality scoping reviews-challenges and solutions	140
GRADE guidelines 32: GRADE offers guidance on choosing targets of GRADE certainty of evidence ratings	133
Social media can have an impact on how we manage and investigate the COVID-19 pandemic	129
Quality assessment of prevalence studies: a systematic review	125
Nearly 80 systematic reviews were published each day: Observational study on trends in epidemiology and reporting over the years 2000-2019	125
Many researchers were not compliant with their published data sharing statement: a mixed-methods study	124
A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions	116
PCORnet® 2020: current state, accomplishments, and future directions	107
Machine learning reduced workload with minimal risk of missing studies: development and evaluation of a randomized controlled trial classifier for Cochrane Reviews	107
Restricting evidence syntheses of interventions to English-language publications is a viable methodological shortcut for most medical topics: a systematic review	103
Tutorial on directed acyclic graphs	102
GRADE Guidelines 30: the GRADE approach to assessing the certainty of modeled evidence—An overview in the context of health decision-making	91
Missing data is poorly handled and reported in prediction model studies using machine learning: a literature review	90
Clinical prediction models: diagnosis versus prognosis	84
Reporting and methodological quality of COVID-19 systematic reviews needs to be improved: an evidence mapping	83
An evaluation of Cochrane Crowd found that crowdsourcing produced accurate results in identifying randomized trials	77
GRADE Guidance 34: update on rating imprecision using a minimally contextualized approach	76
Handling missing data in clinical research	76
Controversy and Debate: Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 1: A call for change to practice	75
Cochrane Centralised Search Service showed high sensitivity identifying randomized controlled trials: A retrospective analysis	72

Causal analyses of existing databases: no power calculations required	66
A systematic review finds Core Outcome Set uptake varies widely across different areas of health	65
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 1: What Evidence-Based Research is and why is it important?	64
Using the full PICO model as a search tool for systematic reviews resulted in lower recall for some PICO elements	64
GRADE guidance 24 optimizing the integration of randomized and non-randomized studies of interventions in evidence syntheses and health guidelines	63
Reliability of the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB2) improved with the use of implementation instruction	62
Methods for depicting overlap in overviews of systematic reviews: An introduction to static tabular and graphical displays	60
Penalization and shrinkage methods produced unreliable clinical prediction models especially when sample size was small	60
External validation of clinical prediction models: simulation-based sample size calculations were more reliable than rules-of-thumb	60
In a meta-analysis, the I-squared statistic does not tell us how much the effect size varies	57
Reporting of prognostic clinical prediction models based on machine learning methods in oncology needs to be improved	57
Tools to support the automation of systematic reviews: a scoping review	57
Missing at random assumption made more plausible: evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort	57
Weekly updates of national living evidence-based guidelines: methods for the Australian living guidelines for care of people with COVID-19	56
Methodology over metrics: current scientific standards are a disservice to patients and society	56
A proposed framework to guide evidence synthesis practice for meta-analysis with zero-events studies	56
Citation bias and other determinants of citation in biomedical research: findings from six citation networks	56
Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: Responsiveness, the longitudinal aspect of validity	53
Believing in black boxes: machine learning for healthcare does not need explainability to be evidence-based	52
Adverse drug reaction risks obtained from meta-analyses and pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses are correlated in most cases	51
Two different invitation approaches for consecutive rounds of a Delphi survey led to comparable final outcome	50
Minimal important difference estimates for patient-reported outcomes: A systematic survey	49
Objectively measured physical activity is associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review	49
Methods for prospectively incorporating gender into health sciences research	48
Effect estimates of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions are non-robust and highly model-dependent	48
PRISMA 2020	47
Cochrane's risk of bias tool for non-randomized studies (ROBINS-I) is frequently misapplied: A methodological systematic review	47
GRADE guidance 35: update on rating imprecision for assessing contextualized certainty of evidence and making decisions	47
Authors should clearly report how they derived the overall rating when applying AMSTAR 2—a cross-sectional study	46
Language restrictions in systematic reviews should not be imposed in the search strategy but in the eligibility criteria if necessary	46
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 2 : Using an Evidence-Based Research approach before a new study is conducted to ensure value	46
Quality versus Risk-of-Bias assessment in clinical research	46
The development methods of official GRADE articles and requirements for claiming the use of GRADE – A statement by the GRADE guidance group	46
Methods to assess research misconduct in health-related research: A scoping review	46
GRADE guidelines 33: Addressing imprecision in a network meta-analysis	45
The problems with systematic reviews: a living systematic review	44
Most healthcare interventions tested in Cochrane Reviews are not effective according to high quality evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis	44
Using GRADE in situations of emergencies and urgencies: certainty in evidence and recommendations matters during the COVID-19 pandemic, now more than ever and no matter what	43
Use of core outcome sets was low in clinical trials published in major medical journals	43
Review finds core outcome set uptake in new studies and systematic reviews needs improvement	43
Systematic review automation tools improve efficiency but lack of knowledge impedes their adoption: a survey	42
Searching two or more databases decreased the risk of missing relevant studies: a metaresearch study	41
Resource use during systematic review production varies widely: a scoping review	40
Getting trustworthy guidelines into the hands of decision-makers and supporting their consideration of contextual factors for implementation globally: recommendation mapping of COVID-19 guidelines	39
Minimal important changes and differences were estimated for Oxford hip and knee scores following primary and revision arthroplasty	37
Bayes’ rule in diagnosis	37
Avoiding overadjustment bias in social epidemiology through appropriate covariate selection: a primer	36
Effective dose 50 method as the minimal clinically important difference: Evidence from depression trials	36
JBI series paper 2: tailored evidence synthesis approaches are required to answer diverse questions: a pragmatic evidence synthesis toolkit from JBI	36
Population median imputation was noninferior to complex approaches for imputing missing values in cardiovascular prediction models in clinical practice	36

Estimating total morbidity burden of COVID-19: relative importance of death and disability	35
Global mapping of overviews of systematic reviews in healthcare published between 2000 and 2020: a bibliometric analysis	35
Natural language processing was effective in assisting rapid title and abstract screening when updating systematic reviews	35
GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE's approach to addressing inconsistency	35
Large-scale validation of the prediction model risk of bias assessment Tool (PROBAST) using a short form: high risk of bias models show poorer discrimination	34
Transparency, trust and minimizing burden to increase recruitment and retention in trials: a systematic review	33
Systematic review identifies the design and methodological conduct of studies on machine learning-based prediction models	32
Time to improve the reporting of harms in randomized controlled trials	32
The MethodologicAl STandards for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale demonstrated a unified framework for bias assessment	32
Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 1: An introduction to research on harms	32
Challenges in applying the GRADE approach in public health guidelines and systematic reviews: a concept article from the GRADE Public Health Group	31
Developing trustworthy recommendations as part of an urgent response (1–2 weeks): a GRADE concept paper	31
Adverse event recording failed to reflect potential harms: a review of trial protocols of behavioral, lifestyle and psychological therapy interventions	30
More than half of systematic reviews have relevant core outcome sets	30
GRADE Guidance: 31. Assessing the certainty across a body of evidence for comparative test accuracy	29
Differentiating between mapping reviews and scoping reviews in the evidence synthesis ecosystem	29
Methodological challenges for living systematic reviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic: A concept paper	29
Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: detecting and dealing with heterogeneity in meta-analyses	29
Real-time imputation of missing predictor values improved the application of prediction models in daily practice	29
Evidence Based Social Science in China Paper 3: The quality of social science RCTs published from 2000–2020	29
Different control conditions can produce different effect estimates in psychotherapy trials for depression	28
Evidence-Based Research Series-Paper 3: Using an Evidence-Based Research approach to place your results into context after the study is performed to ensure usefulness of the conclusion	28
Why methods matter in a meta-analysis: a reappraisal showed inconclusive injury preventive effect of Nordic hamstring exercise	28
A method for calculating the fragility index of continuous outcomes	27
Missing data was handled inconsistently in UK prediction models: a review of method used	27
Citation screening using crowdsourcing and machine learning produced accurate results: Evaluation of Cochrane's modified Screen4Me service	27
Internal-external cross-validation helped to evaluate the generalizability of prediction models in large clustered datasets	27
An introduction to mediation analyses of randomized controlled trials	27
Data and code availability statements in systematic reviews of interventions were often missing or inaccurate: a content analysis	27
High prevalence of spin was found in pharmacovigilance studies using disproportionality analyses to detect safety signals: a meta-epidemiological study	26
A framework for practical issues was developed to inform shared decision-making tools and clinical guidelines	26
In-depth qualitative interviews identified barriers and facilitators that influenced chief investigators’ use of core outcome sets in randomised controlled trials	26
GRADE notes: How to use GRADE when there is “no” evidence? A case study of the expert evidence approach	25
A new method for synthesizing test accuracy data outperformed the bivariate method	25
Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 1: Introduction	25
Using preprints in evidence synthesis: Commentary on experience during the COVID-19 pandemic	25
Citation impact was highly variable for reporting guidelines of health research: a citation analysis	25
Tutorial: A nontechnical explanation of the counterfactual definition of effect modification and interaction	25
A confirmatory factor analysis approach was found to accurately estimate the reliability of transition ratings	24
When can the Bland & Altman limits of agreement method be used and when it should not be used	24
A new tool to assess Clinical Diversity In Meta‐analyses (CDIM) of interventions	24
Meta-epidemiological study of publication integrity, and quality of conduct and reporting of randomized trials included in a systematic review of low back pain	24
Methodological quality was critically low in 9/10 systematic reviews in advanced cancer patients—A methodological study	24
The methodological quality is insufficient in clinical practice guidelines in the context of COVID-19: systematic review	24
A meta-epidemiological study found lack of transparency and poor reporting of disproportionality analyses for signal detection in pharmacovigilance databases	24
Deduplicating records in systematic reviews: there are free, accurate automated ways to do so	23
Text-mining in electronic healthcare records can be used as efficient tool for screening and data collection in cardiovascular trials: a multicenter validation study	23
Extensive variability of work participation outcomes measured in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review	23
Hypothetical case replacement can be used to quantify the robustness of trial results	23
Effect Modifiers and Statistical Tests for Interaction in Randomized Trials	23
Experts identified warning signs of fraudulent research: a qualitative study to inform a screening tool	22
Logistic regression and machine learning predicted patient mortality from large sets of diagnosis codes comparably	22
Feasibility of national living guideline methods: The Australian Stroke Guidelines	22
A taxonomy and framework for identifying and developing actionable statements in guidelines suggests avoiding informal recommendations	22
Why trials lose participants: A multitrial investigation of participants’ perspectives using the theoretical domains framework	22
Part I: A friendly introduction to latent class analysis	22
Many meta-analyses of rare events in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were underpowered	22
A review of pragmatic trials found a high degree of diversity in design and scope, deficiencies in reporting and trial registry data, and poor indexing	21
Using Embase as a supplement to PubMed in Cochrane reviews differed across fields	21
The fragility index can be used for sample size calculations in clinical trials	21
Clinical trial registration was associated with lower risk of bias compared with non-registered trials among trials included in systematic reviews	21
Use of GRADE in evidence syntheses published in high-impact-factor nutrition journals: A methodological survey	21
Clinical Epidemiology in China series. Paper 4: The reporting and methodological quality of Chinese clinical practice guidelines published between 2014 and 2018: A systematic review	21
Bias as a source of inconsistency in ivermectin trials for COVID-19: A systematic review. Ivermectin's suggested benefits are mainly based on potentially biased results	21
Results dissemination from completed clinical trials conducted at German university medical centers remained delayed and incomplete. The 2014 –2017 cohort	21
Retracted randomized controlled trials were cited and not corrected in systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines	20
Patient-reported outcome measures in core outcome sets targeted overlapping domains but through different instruments	20
Research response to coronavirus disease 2019 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials	20
Composite endpoints	20
Methodological guidelines for the estimation of attributable mortality using a prevalence-based method: the STREAMS-P tool	20
RIGHT for acupuncture: An extension of the RIGHT statement for clinical practice guidelines on acupuncture	20
More than one-third of Cochrane reviews had gift authors, whereas ghost authorship was rare	20
Patient participation impacts outcome domain selection in core outcome sets for research: an updated systematic review	20
SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests provide benefits for epidemic control – observations from Austrian schools	20
Will COVID-19 result in a giant step backwards for women in academic science?	20
Systematic review finds “spin” practices and poor reporting standards in studies on machine learning-based prediction models	20
Reporting according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for abstracts (PRISMA-A) depends on abstract length	19
Exercise interventions for low back pain are poorly reported: a systematic review	19
AGREE II appraisals of clinical practice guidelines in rehabilitation showed poor reporting and moderate variability in quality ratings when users apply different cuff-offs: a methodological study	19
Integrating travel history via big data analytics under universal healthcare framework for disease control and prevention in the COVID-19 pandemic	19

Sample size, study length, and inadequate controls were the most common self-acknowledged limitations in manual therapy trials: A methodological review	19
Corrigendum to GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence-imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:1283–1293	18
Best-worst scaling identified adequate statistical methods and literature search as the most important items of AMSTAR2 (A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews)	18
Approaches to addressing missing values, measurement error, and confounding in epidemiologic studies	18
A framework is proposed for defining, categorizing, and assessing conflicts of interest in health research	18
The Charlson Comorbidity Index: problems with use in epidemiological research	18
The Odds Ratio is “portable” across baseline risk but not the Relative Risk: Time to do away with the log link in binomial regression	18
Challenges of evidence synthesis during the 2020 COVID pandemic: a scoping review	18
Study designs for comparative diagnostic test accuracy: A methodological review and classification scheme	18
A randomized trial of an editorial intervention to reduce spin in the abstract’s conclusion of manuscripts showed no significant effect	17
Applying machine learning algorithms to electronic health records to predict pneumonia after respiratory tract infection	17
Toward a framework for the design, implementation, and reporting of methodology scoping reviews	17
A Gentle Introduction to Instrumental Variables	17
Reporting guidelines used varying methodology to develop recommendations	17
Certainty of evidence and intervention's benefits and harms are key determinants of guidelines’ recommendations	17
Using GRADE evidence to decision frameworks to choose from multiple interventions	17
Abbreviated and comprehensive literature searches led to identical or very similar effect estimates: a meta-epidemiological study	16
Discrepancies from registered protocols and spin occurred frequently in randomized psychotherapy trials—A meta-epidemiologic study	16
JBI series paper 1: Introducing JBI and the JBI Model of EHBC	16
Loss to follow-up correction increased mortality estimates in HIV–positive people on antiretroviral therapy in Mozambique	16
Reducing bias in trials due to reactions to measurement: experts produced recommendations informed by evidence	16
Measuring the success of blinding in placebo-controlled trials: Should we be so quick to dismiss it?	16
The EORTC QLU-C10D was more efficient in detecting clinical known group differences in myelodysplastic syndromes than the EQ-5D-3L	16
New measures improved the reporting of heterogeneity in diagnostic test accuracy reviews: a metaepidemiological study	16
International alliance and AGREE-ment of 71 clinical practice guidelines on the management of critical care patients with COVID-19: a living systematic review	16
Improved adjusted minimal important change took reliability of transition ratings into account	16
Overinterpretation of findings in machine learning prediction model studies in oncology: a systematic review	16
Logistic regression frequently outperformed propensity score methods, especially for large datasets: a simulation study	16
JBI series paper 4: the role of collaborative evidence networks in promoting and supporting evidence-based health care globally: reflections from 25 years across 38 countries	16
Noncollapsibility, confounding, and sparse-data bias. Part 2: What should researchers make of persistent controversies about the odds ratio?	15
A systematic review that is ``rapid'' and ``living'': A specific answer to the COVID-19 pandemic	15
COVID-19 Living Overview of Evidence repository is highly comprehensive and can be used as a single source for COVID-19 studies	15
Most published systematic reviews of remdesivir for COVID-19 were redundant and lacked currency	15
Recommendation mapping of the World Health Organization's guidelines on tuberculosis: A new approach to digitizing and presenting recommendations	15
Assessing concordance of financial conflicts of interest disclosures with payments’ databases: a systematic survey of the health literature	15
Systematic reviews are rarely used to inform study design - a systematic review and meta-analysis	15
Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 5: decisions on methods for evidence synthesis and recommendation development for living guidelines	15
Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 2: Methods used to assess harms are neglected in systematic reviews of gabapentin	15
Incomparability of treatment groups is often blindly ignored in randomised controlled trials – a post hoc analysis of baseline characteristic tables	15
Access to data from clinical trials in the COVID-19 crisis: open, flexible, and time-sensitive	15
Methodological guidance for incorporating equity when informing rapid-policy and guideline development	15
Abstracts for reports of randomized trials of COVID-19 interventions had low quality and high spin	15
Letter to the Editor – Not even the top general medical journals are free of spin: A wake-up call based on an overview of reviews	14
Declaration of use and appropriate use of reporting guidelines in high-impact rehabilitation journals is limited: a meta-research study	14
Preference-based instrumental variables in health research rely on important and underreported assumptions: a systematic review	14
Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 3: Given the same data sources, systematic reviews of gabapentin have different results for harms	14
No limitations to language, date, publication type, and publication status in search step of systematic reviews	14
Methodologically rigorous risk of bias tools for nonrandomized studies had low reliability and high evaluator burden	14
Methodological options of the nominal group technique for survey item elicitation in health research: A scoping review	14
Resources supporting trustworthy, rapid and equitable evidence synthesis and guideline development: results from the COVID-19 evidence network to support decision-making (COVID-END)	14
Exploring the concept of psychological frailty in older adults: a systematic scoping review	14
Data-driven methods distort optimal cutoffs and accuracy estimates of depression screening tools: a simulation study using individual participant data	14
A review of high impact journals found that misinterpretation of non-statistically significant results from randomized trials was common	14
The impact of gender on scientific writing: An observational study of grant proposals	14
Methodological systematic review recommends improvements to conduct and reporting when meta-analyzing interrupted time series studies	14
Patient reported outcome measures in clinical trials should be initially analyzed as continuous outcomes for statistical significance and responder analyses should be reserved as secondary analyses	14
Risk-of-bias assessment using Cochrane's revised tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was useful but challenging and resource-intensive: observations from a systematic review	14
Secondary electronic sources demonstrated very good sensitivity for identifying studies evaluating interventions for COVID-19	14
Methods for living guidelines: early guidance based on practical experience. Paper 3: selecting and prioritizing questions for living guidelines	13
Controversy and Debate : Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 4 :Odds Ratios are far from “portable” — A call to use realistic models for effect variation in meta-anal	13
Causal models accounted for research participation effects when estimating effects in a behavioral intervention trial	13
Prediction models for clinical outcome after cochlear implantation: a systematic review	13
Minimal important changes in standard deviation units are highly variable and no universally applicable value can be determined	13
Awareness, value and use of the Australian living guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19: an impact evaluation	13
Guidelines rarely used GRADE and applied methods inconsistently: A methodological study of Australian guidelines	13
“Evidence-based checklists” for identifying predatory journals have not been assessed for reliability or validity: An analysis and proposal for moving forward	13
Guidelines developed under pressure. The case of the COVID-19 low-quality “rapid” guidelines and potential solutions	13
Per-Protocol analyses produced larger treatment effect sizes than intention to treat: a meta-epidemiological study	13
BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness was marginally affected by the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant in fully vaccinated individuals	13
Noncollapsibility, confounding, and sparse-data bias. Part 1: The oddities of odds	13
How to use likelihood ratios to interpret evidence from randomized trials	13
Adherence of systematic reviews to Cochrane RoB2 guidance was frequently poor: a meta epidemiological study	13
A multifaceted graphical display, including treatment ranking, was developed to aid interpretation of network meta-analysis	13
Acquired HIV drug resistance mutations on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa: Systematic review and Bayesian evidence synthesis	13
Trial lay summaries were not fit for purpose	13
The impact of the COVID-19 on research	13
Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation concept article 5: addressing intransitivity in a network meta-analysis	13
Categorization of changes in the Oxford Knee Score after total knee replacement: an interpretive tool developed from a data set of 46,094 replacements	12
Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial studies should report all key components: a systematic review	12
Methods for developing and reporting living evidence synthesis	12
Clinical trials in COVID-19 management & prevention: A meta-epidemiological study examining methodological quality	12
Focus groups and interviews with the public led to the development of a template for a GRADE Plain Language Recommendation (PLR)	12
Elixhauser outperformed Charlson comorbidity index in prognostic value after ACS: insights from a national registry	12
Informative censoring due to missing data in quality of life was inadequately assessed in most oncology randomized controlled trials	12
A structured methodology review showed analyses of functional outcomes are frequently limited to “survivors only” in trials enrolling patients at high risk of death	12
Poor handling of continuous predictors in clinical prediction models using logistic regression: a systematic review	12
Existing validated clinical prediction rules for predicting response to physiotherapy interventions for musculoskeletal conditions have limited clinical value: A systematic review	12
Describing deprescribing trials better: an elaboration of the CONSORT statement	12
Changing research culture toward more use of replication research: a narrative review of barriers and strategies	12
A text-mining tool generated title-abstract screening workload savings: performance evaluation versus single-human screening	12
The web-based “Right Review” tool asks reviewers simple questions to suggest methods from 41 knowledge synthesis methods	12
Controversy and Debate: Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 2: Is the Odds Ratio “portable” in meta-analysis? Time to consider bivariate generalized linear mixed mode	12
Clinical Epidemiology in China series. Paper 3: The methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published by China' researchers in English-language is higher than thos	12
A systematic survey identified methodological issues in studies estimating anchor-based minimal important differences in patient-reported outcomes	12
Replication Research Series-Paper 1 : A concept analysis and meta-narrative review established a comprehensive theoretical definition of replication research to improve its use	12