European Journal of Endocrinology

Papers
(The median citation count of European Journal of Endocrinology is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-05-01 to 2025-05-01.)
ArticleCitations
Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps562
Metformin treatment is associated with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in patients with post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus: a nationwide co268
Prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions after diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a register-based cohort study154
Synchronous bilateral adrenalectomy for ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome in children: multidisciplinary management146
Compression of the optic chiasm is associated with reduced photoentrainment of the central biological clock126
Autophagy markers are decreased in bone of osteoporotic patients: a monocentric comparative study98
Ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance in patients with GH disorders before and after treatment75
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for primary aldosteronism—appropriate or not?72
Prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia in 2338 Dutch childhood cancer survivors: a DCCS-LATER 2 study70
Normative cut-offs for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnostic features in adolescents using cluster analysis62
High prevalence of variants in skeletal dysplasia associated genes in individuals with short stature and minor skeletal anomalies59
Serum diiodotyrosine – a biomarker to differentiate destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease57
A larger brown fat volume and lower radiodensity are related to a greater cardiometabolic risk, especially in young men55
Factors predicting normalization of reproductive hormones after cessation of anabolic-androgenic steroids in men: a single center retrospective study54
Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors in insulin-treated diabetes: a meta-analysis53
When selection becomes selection bias51
18-year change in serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 from midlife to late life and risk of mortality: the ARIC Study51
Extensive expertise in endocrinology: adrenal crisis in assisted reproduction and pregnancy47
Differential effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on cardiovascular and renal outcomes according to renal function: a dose–response meta-analysis involving 10 randomized clinical trial46
Patients with low IGF-I after curative surgery for Cushing’s syndrome have an adverse long-term outcome of hypercortisolism-induced myopathy46
GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 202043
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with CPOX Gene Mutations41
Acute hypoglycemia and risk of cardiac arrhythmias in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and controls40
Impact of sex hormones on pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors40
Genome-wide analysis of thyroid function in Australian adolescents highlights SERPINA7 and NCOA340
Comment on the 2021 EUGOGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Medical Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy37
Transcriptional comparison of testicular adrenal rest tumors with fetal and adult tissues37
Primary hyperaldosteronism induces congruent alterations of sodium homeostasis in different skeletal muscles: a 23Na-MRI study37
Cardiovascular risk in Danish transgender persons: a matched historical cohort study36
Parathyroid hormone in situ measurement in patients with hyperparathyroidism: single-centre experience of 179 patients36
Bone strain index for fracture risk assessment in older men—the prospective STRAMBO study34
Leflutrozole in male obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Ph 2b double-blind randomised controlled trial33
Loss of function of FIGNL1, a DNA damage response gene, causes human ovarian dysgenesis33
Radiotherapy in aggressive or dopamine agonists resistant prolactinomas; is it still worthwhile?33
Novel GLCCI1-BRAF fusion drives kinase signaling in a case of pheochromocytomatosis33
Digital quantification of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 in growth hormone–secreting pituitary tumors32
Defining benchmark outcomes for transsphenoidal surgery of pituitary adenomas: a multicenter analysis32
25-OHD response to vitamin D supplementation in children: effect of dose but not GC haplotype31
Real-world experience with 11C-methionine positron emission tomography in the management of acromegaly31
Persistent improvement of bone mineral density up to 20 years after treatment of Cushing’s syndrome31
On the rising incidence of early breast development: puberty as an adaptive escape from ectopic adiposity in mismatch girls31
Metabolic health during a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention in women with PCOS31
Can preoperative ultrasound predict extrathyroidal extension of differentiated thyroid cancer?29
Preoperative calcitonin testing improves the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in female and male patients29
Prevalence of adrenal rest tumors and course of gonadal dysfunction in a clinical sample of men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a longitudinal analysis over 10 years28
Sex-specific associations of circulating testosterone levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality27
AMH as part of the diagnostic PCOS workup in large epidemiological studies27
Transcription factor immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of pituitary tumours27
European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency27
Correction to: Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–84) is effective in CASR-associated hypoparathyroidism27
Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia with hypertonic saline: a real-life observational study26
Subclinical thyroid function and cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation26
Familial central precocious puberty due to DLK1 deficiency: novel genetic findings and relevance of serum DLK1 levels25
Using electronic health record data for clinical research: a quick guide25
The metabolic phenotype of patients with primary aldosteronism: impact of subtype and sex – a multicenter-study of 3566 Caucasian and Asian subjects25
The clinical and biochemical significance of 11-oxygenated androgens in human health and disease25
The metabolic syndrome in pediatrics: do we have a reliable definition? A systematic review25
Early puberty suppression and gender-affirming hormones do not alter final height in transgender adolescents24
C-peptide level concomitant with hypoglycemia gives better performances than insulin for the diagnosis of endogenous hyperinsulinism: a single-center study of 159 fasting trials24
Healthcare cost and survival in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma24
Long-term pituitary function and functional and patient-reported outcomes in severe acquired brain injury23
Influence of smoking on cardiometabolic profile and surgical outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism: a cohort study23
A simple fragility fracture risk score for type 2 diabetes patients: a derivation, validation, comparison, and risk stratification study23
Physiological declines in sex steroid exposure in relation to changes in body composition in healthy men—a prospective cohort study23
No need of glucocorticoid dose adjustment in patients with adrenal insufficiency before COVID-19 vaccine23
Predictors of treatment response in lymphogenic metastasized papillary thyroid cancer: a histopathological study23
Vaginal bleeding in women with ovarian neuroendocrine tumor metastases should not be overlooked23
Higher peak height velocity in early maturing girls depends on insulin rather than fat mass or IGF-I23
Correction to: Long-term effects of primary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroidectomy on kidney function22
EXTENSIVE EXPERTISE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: My quarter century quest to understand the paradox of marrow adiposity22
Urea-stimulated copeptin: a novel diagnostic approach in polyuria polydipsia syndrome22
Correlation or regression, that’s the question22
Cabergoline targets multiple pathways to inhibit PRL secretion and increases stromal fibrosis22
Impact of age on survival in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients22
Impact of antiresorptive agents on mortality risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: insights from a nationwide cohort study22
Denosumab withdrawal increases vertebral fracture and mortality risk compared with zoledronate21
Prevalence, risk factors, and optimal way to determine overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity in the first Dutch cohort of 2338 long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a DCCSS-LATER study21
Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of burosumab in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia21
Long-term male fertility after treatment with radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma21
Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis21
Shrinkage by the third month predicts long-term response of macroprolactinoma after cabergoline21
A novel somatostatin receptor ligand for human ACTH – and GH –secreting pituitary adenomas21
Risk of depression in patients with acromegaly in Korea (2006-2016): a nationwide population-based study21
Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders21
HLA investigation in ICI-induced T1D and isolated ACTH deficiency including meta-analysis20
Pituitary apoplexy in SARS-CoV-2 infected is not necessarily related to the virus20
Primary hyperparathyroidism induces erythropoietin resistance through fibroblast growth factor 2320
Functional hypogonadism in middle-aged and older men: testosterone treatment or not?20
Uterine changes in transgender men receiving testosterone therapy20
Novel mechanism of pituitary hormone deficiency: genetic variants shift splicing to produce a dominant negative transcription factor isoform20
Saline suppression testing-induced hypocalcemia and implications for clinical interpretations20
Increased cardiovascular morbidity and reduced life expectancy in a large Italian cohort of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ)19
Outcomes of repeat fineneedle aspiration biopsy for AUS/FLUS thyroid nodules19
Prognostic value of dysnatremia for survival in neuroendocrine neoplasm patients19
‘You cannot expect miracles to happen overnight’: patience pays off when you wish to establish a new adrenocortical carcinoma cell line19
Acromegaly and the risk of cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea19
Concomitant gut dysbiosis and defective gut barrier serve as the bridges between hypercortisolism and chronic systemic inflammation in Cushing’s disease19
PRAP study—partial versus radical adrenalectomy in hereditary pheochromocytomas19
Retraction of: Comparison of finasteride versus flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism18
In-depth proteomic signature of parathyroid carcinoma18
Correction to: Somapacitan in children born small for gestational age: a multi-centre, open-label, controlled phase 2 study18
Circulating miR-20a-5p as a biomarker associated with cabergoline responsiveness in patients with hyperprolactinemia and pituitary adenomas18
Spleen function is reduced in individuals with NR5A1 variants with or without a difference of sex development: a cross-sectional study18
Gonadal tumor development in 46,XX disorders of gonadal development18
Polycystic ovary syndrome presents as a multimorbid condition by age 50: birth cohort linkage to national register data18
Hyperandrogenaemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and physical fitness in women—a Northern Finland birth cohort study17
How to manage Cushing's disease after failed primary pituitary surgery17
Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes of inpatients with diabetes: insights from the CORONADO study17
Pituitary apoplexy and SARS-CoV-2 infection: we need to look beyond the acute phase17
Integrative clinical, hormonal, and molecular data associate with invasiveness in acromegaly: REMAH study17
Therapeutic management of congenital forms of endocrine hypertension17
Cardiovascular risk profile in growth hormone-treated adults with craniopharyngioma compared to non-functioning pituitary adenoma: a national cohort study17
Impact of GH administration on skeletal endpoints in adults with overweight/obesity17
Effect of hyponatremia normalization on osteoblast function in patients with SIAD17
Obesity risk is associated with brain glucose uptake and insulin resistance17
Non-suppression of renin by renal cysts in a subset of patients with primary aldosteronism—a prospective observational single center study17
The broad phenotypic spectrum of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) deficiency: a case series17
Sex-specific effect of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibody exposure during pregnancy on 5- to 6-year-old children's cardiometabolic risk score: the Ma'anshan birth cohort study17
Adrenal ganglioneuromas: a retrospective multicentric study of 104 cases from the COMETE network17
NF1gene inactivation acts as a tumor driver inRET/RAS-negative medullary thyroid carcinomas17
Intramuscular fatty infiltration and physical function in controlled acromegaly16
Subgroup analyses in clinical research: too tempting?16
Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of HNF4A/HNF1A mutations in a multicentre paediatric cohort with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia16
Adrenal wash-out CT: moderate diagnostic value in distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses16
Bone-active drugs in premenopausal women with breast cancer under hormone-deprivation therapies16
Patients' perspective on the medical pathway from first symptoms to diagnosis in genetic lipodystrophy16
ACTH-independent production of 11-oxygenated androgens and glucocorticoids in an adrenocortical adenoma16
Increased systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension16
Extensive expertise in endocrinology: advances in the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis16
Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the risk of low muscle mass in young and middle-aged Korean adults16
Sexual dimorphism in benign adrenocortical tumours15
Autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid function test fluctuations in patients with resistance to thyroid hormone15
KCNJ5 mutations in familial and non-familial primary aldosteronism15
Sex steroids and androgen biomarkers in the healthy man study: within-person variability and impact of fasting15
Target therapy forBRAFmutated anaplastic thyroid cancer: a clinical and molecular study15
Prevalence and clinical correlations of SF3B1 variants in lactotroph tumours15
Copeptin improves prediction of treatment response in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis15
Randomized controlled trial of Tesomet for weight loss in hypothalamic obesity15
Clinical utility of sonographic features in indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules15
EJE Prize 2023: genes on steroids—genomic control of hepatic metabolism by the glucocorticoid receptor15
Incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma varies according to altitude: meta-regression analysis15
Erratum to: “Impact of age on survival in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer patients”14
More than a decade of real-world experience of pegvisomant for acromegaly: ACROSTUDY14
Clinical and genetic characteristics in patients under 30 years with sporadic pituitary adenomas14
Association of menopausal hormone therapy with risk of cardiovascular disease in Korean women14
Correction to: Copeptin improves prediction of treatment response in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis14
Altered biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and inflammation in autoimmune Addison's disease – a cross-sectional study14
The glucagon receptor antagonist LY2409021 has no effect on postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes14
Impact of remission status in endogenous Cushing's syndrome on cancer incidence14
Clinical features of anti-pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (PIT-1) hypophysitis: a new aspect of paraneoplastic autoimmune condition14
Dose–exposure–IGF-I response of once-weekly somapacitan in adults with GH deficiency14
Does exercise beneficially affect sex hormones when added to hypo-caloric diets in adults with overweight or obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials14
IGF-I assay methods and biologic variability: evaluation of acromegaly treatment response14
Clinical and imaging presentations are associated with function in incidental adrenocortical adenomas: a retrospective cohort study13
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Dysnatraemia in COVID-19: prevalence, prognostic impact, pathophysiology, and management13
Low-grade inflammation during the glucocorticoid withdrawal phase in patients with Cushing's syndrome13
Comorbidities in mild autonomous cortisol secretion and the effect of treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis13
Recombinant growth hormone improves growth and adult height in patients with maternal inactivating GNAS mutations13
High prevalence of subnormal testosterone in obese adolescent males: reversal with bariatric surgery13
The American Thyroid Association risk classification of papillary thyroid cancer according to presurgery cytology13
A novel patient-derived cell line of adrenocortical carcinoma shows a pathogenic role of germline MUTYH mutation and high tumour mutational burden13
Gonadectomy in conditions affecting sex development: a registry-based cohort study13
SGA-born adults with postnatal catch-up have a persistently unfavourable metabolic health profile and increased adiposity at age 32 years13
Femora of women with premature ovarian insufficiency exhibit reduced strength and misalignment with the transmitted vertical forces from the upper body13
Testicular volume in 268 children and adolescents followed-up for childhood obesity—a retrospective cross-sectional study13
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Human brown adipose tissue as a therapeutic target: warming up or cooling down?13
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people13
Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: lessons from an enigmatic lesion13
Metabolic effects of 1-week binge drinking and fast food intake during Roskilde Festival in young healthy male adults13
Extensive expertise in endocrinology: glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide–dependent Cushing's syndrome13
Gonadotropic status in adult women with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome13
Single-cell RNA sequencing in silent corticotroph tumors confirms impaired POMC processing and provides new insights into their invasive behavior13
GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Geographical variation in the profile of RET variants in patients with medullary thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review13
Impact of exenatide on weight loss and eating behavior in adults with craniopharyngioma-related obesity: the CRANIOEXE randomized placebo-controlled trial13
Circulating cell-free DNA-based biomarkers for prognostication and disease monitoring in adrenocortical carcinoma13
Ultrasound features and risk stratification systems to identify medullary thyroid carcinoma12
Fetal growth restriction inhibits childhood growth despite catch-up in discordant identical twins: an observational cohort study12
Recovery of adrenal function after stopping mitotane in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma12
Rationale of a lower dexamethasone dose in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapy based on pharmacokinetic modelling12
Quantification of androgens and their precursors in full-term human placenta12
Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection: a cross-sectional study12
The 2021 European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves’ orbitopathy12
Pancreas transplantation today: quo vadis?12
Does diabetes mellitus mitigate the gender gap in COVID-19 mortality?12
Diurnal cortisol features with cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients: a cohort study12
Modified-release hydrocortisone is associated with lower plasma renin activity in patients with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia12
Gene expression profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue reveals new biomarkers in acromegaly12
The power of sample size calculations11
Characterization of dominant-negative growth hormone receptor variants reveals a potential therapeutic target for short stature11
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on levothyroxine and liothyronine combination therapy in totally thyroidectomized subjects: the LEVOLIO study11
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a patient with a de novoPOGZmutation11
Association between circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality11
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: toward an active surveillance strategy11
Inhaled glucocorticoid-induced metabolome changes in asthma11
Differential cardiovascular risks of menopausal hormone therapy: insights from a Korean cohort11
Real-life clinical impact of a five-tiered classification of pituitary tumors11
A recurrent familial partial lipodystrophy due to a monoallelic or biallelic LMNA founder variant highlights the multifaceted cardiac manifestations of metabolic laminopathies11
The glucagon receptor antagonist LY2409021 does not affect gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal or the incretin effect in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes11
Accelerated MEN2A in homozygous RET carriers in the context of consanguinity11
Cushing's syndrome in the elderly: data from the European Registry on Cushing's syndrome11
Functional evaluation of a novel nonsense variant of the calcium-sensing receptor gene leading to hypocalcemia10
Retraction of: Conventional steroids vs. dual-release hydrocortisone on metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone outcomes in adrenal insufficiency: a 10-year study10
Rare ZMPSTE24 variants increase risk of hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome10
Glucose pattern in children with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: evidence from continuous glucose monitoring10
European survey of diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome: full report on the ESE PCOS Special Interest Group's 2023 Questionnaire10
Convergence between germline and somatic mutations in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors10
The socioeconomic burden of acromegaly10
An impressive response with larotrectinib in a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring an SQSTM1-NTRK1 fusion10
Expansion of the immature B lymphocyte compartment in Graves' disease10
Caveolar dysfunction and lipodystrophies10
Long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism after targeted treatments10
Dynamic changes in LH/FSH ratios in infants with normal sex development10
Mediation analysis of the testosterone treatment effect to prevent type 2 diabetes in the Testosterone for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus trial10
Prevalence and characteristics of gonadoblastoma in a retrospective multi-center study with follow-up investigations of 70 patients with Turner syndrome and a 45,X/46,XY karyotype9
ENDOCRINE OBESITY: Pituitary dysfunction in obesity9
Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in children and adolescents9
Efficacy of cabergoline in non-irradiated patients with acromegaly: a multi-centre cohort study9
Addition of testosterone to endocrine care for transgender women: a dose-finding and feasibility trial9
Identification of predictive criteria for pathogenic variants of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) gene ARMC5 in 352 unselected patients9
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Etiology and outcome of acromegaly in patients with a paradoxical GH response to glucose9
Pubertal induction and transition to adult sex hormone replacement in patients with congenital pituitary or gonadal reproductive hormone deficiency: an Endo-ERN clinical practice guideline9
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome and cancer risk9
Global psychological assessment with the evaluation of life and sleep quality and sexual and cognitive function in a large number of patients with acromegaly: a cross-sectional study9
The genetic etiology is a relevant cause of central precocious puberty9
Investigating effectiveness of gender-affirming care: study design considerations9
Response to the letter of Patra and colleagues9
Cardiovascular disease in transgender people: a systematic review and meta-analysis9
The PCOS Phenotype in Unselected Populations study: ethnic variation in population-based normative cut-offs for defining hirsutism9
Recombinant or endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone for radioactive iodine therapy in thyroid cancer: state of knowledge and current controversies9
Self-management and hospitalization in 615 Swedish patients with Addison's disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a retrospective study9
Oxytocin levels in response to pituitary provocation tests in healthy volunteers9
Letter to the editor: sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors associated with calculated free testosterone concentrations in men: individual participant data meta-analyses9
The interplay of thyroid hormones and the immune system – where we stand and why we need to know about it9
Sex differences in MEN 2A penetrance and expression according to parental inheritance9
Prolonged adrenocortical blockade following discontinuation of Osilodrostat9
Resolution of paradoxical bilateral aldosterone suppression with mass spectrometry9
ESE Clinical Practice Guideline on functioning and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in pregnancy9
High-intensity interval training improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes8
DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Usefulness of genetic testing of fine-needle aspirations for diagnosis of thyroid cancer8
Erratum to: “Adenylate cyclase stimulation and [3H]thymidine incorporation in human thyroid tissues and thyrocyte cultures: The effect of IgG preparation from patients with different thyroid disorders8
How ready are endocrine scientists to share retrospective clinical data for research: a perspective from the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors8
Long-term outcomes of patients with acromegaly: a report from the Swedish Pituitary Register8
Real-life efficacy and predictors of response to immunotherapy in pituitary tumors: a cohort study8
Evaluation of a new transition organization for young adults with endocrine or metabolic diseases8
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake8
Should patients with adult GH deficiency receive GH replacement?8
Insight into the role of TXNRD2 in steroidogenesis through a novel homozygous TXNRD2 splice variant8
More than meets the eye: predicting adrenocortical carcinoma outcomes with pathomics8
Psychopathological characteristics in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls8
Colesevelam has no acute effect on postprandial GLP-1 levels but abolishes gallbladder refilling8
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