Alcohol

Article	Citations
The histone methyltransferase G9a regulates stress-potentiated ethanol drinking	54
Dependence-related escalation of alcohol drinking attenuation by exercise and the role of BDNF-TrkB receptor signaling in prefrontal cortex in C57BL/6J mice	45
Sexually dimorphic role for insular cortex perineuronal nets in aversion-resistant alcohol consumption	43
An Insular-BNST Circuit Regulates Negative Affect Associated with Stress and Alcohol Abstinence	32
The Small G-Protein Rac1 Promotes Neuroadaptations that Underlie Alcohol Use Disorder	22
Editorial Board	19
Metabolomics assessment reveals increased hepatic pro-inflammatory metabolites in aged mice after moderate ethanol exposure	18
31. The alcohol exposome- Impact on lung cilia function	18
Who you follow is important	17
7. Alcohol consumption affects MSC differentiation capacity in orthopaedic trauma patients	16
Occurrence and correlates of domestic violence among asian patients with alcohol use disorder seeking treatment for cessation	16
Association between 5-HTRs gene polymorphism and alcohol use disorder in Han males from Yunnan, China	16
Cross sectional analysis of the effect of alcohol on pulmonary function in a cohort of men and women living with HIV	16
Poor subjective sleep predicts compromised quality of life but not cognitive impairment in abstinent individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder	16
Examination of factors related to problem drinking among the working population: The Japanese civil servants study	14
Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity is associated with alcohol-associated liver disease	14
Surgical incision pain induced an increase in alcohol consumption in mice	13
The effect of telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, on alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens	13
Dorsal Raphe glutamatergic inputs to VTA and cocaine-seeking behavior	12
Alcohol use-associated alterations in the circulating metabolite profile in the general population and in individuals with major depressive disorder	12
Role of prefrontal cortex Gsk3b as a new therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder	12
Alcohol treatment preferences and the acceptability of virtual reality therapy for treating alcohol misuse in adult drinkers	12
Profiles of social disadvantage and their associations with alcohol use disorder criteria among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	12
Writing about the future self to shift drinking identity: An experimental investigation	12
Editorial Board	11

25. Microvesicle particles and platelet-activating factor mediate the systemic multiple organ inflammation seen following intoxicated thermal burn injury	11
18. Ethanol-induced potentiation of post-burn neuroinflammation correlates with gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice	11
A role for cannabinoid receptors in ethanol-dependent pulmonary immune activation	10
Role of an Insula-Amygdala Circuit on Alcohol Binge Drinking in Mice	10
Intranasal Oxytocin on Alcohol Withdrawal, Craving and Relapse: A Double-Blind RCT	10
Editorial Board	10
Corticostriatal function and risky drinking behavior in humans	10
Change in alcohol consumption and altered coagulation in people with HIV (PWH)	10
Ceftriaxone alters the gut microbiome composition and reduces alcohol intake in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats	10
Role of the amygdala oxytocin system in a rat model of alcohol dependence	10
Neurosteroid-alcohol interactions on brain artery function via potassium channels of the BK	10
Animal models for studies of alcohol effects on the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline	10
Sex-Dependent Plasticity in a Thalamo-Limbic Circuit for Binge Drinking	10
Epidemiological and demographic drivers of alcohol-attributable pancreatitis from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. To be published in: Alcohol	10
Network-Based Therapies: A Genomic Approach to Identify Medications for Alcohol use Disorder	9
Alcohol induces oxidative stress and barrier damage to corneal epithelial cells in vitro and ocular surface damage in vivo	9
Differential control of alcohol consumption by neuronal subpopulations of the mouse parasubthalamic nucleus	9
6. Impact of ethanol intoxication on adipose-derived stem cell paracrine factors in major burn patients	9
Alcohol exacerbates neuro-inflammation post traumatic brain injury	8
Sex and sobriety: Human brain structure and function in AUD abstinence	8
Chronic ethanol consumption does not reduce true bone density in male Wistar rats	8
27. Aging promotes liver injury: studies on C57Bl/6 mice	8
Impaired Regulation of Orbitofrontal Cortex Activity in Alcohol-Dependence	8
Alcohol: Epigenome alteration and inter/transgenerational effect	8
3. Rituximab provides successful recovery in a poorly managed Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) patient that erupted after the IV dose of SARS—CoV-2 vaccination in a diabetic patient	8
Alcohol and inflammation: Examining differences at the intersection of sexual identity and race/ethnicity	8
Examining BNST dopamine models of pain and alcohol use disorder	8
Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on motivation-based value updating	8
Causal effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on the risk of alcohol dependence: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study	8
Alcohol drinking is attenuated by PDE4 inhibition but partial microglia depletion is not sufficient to block stress-induced escalation of alcohol intake in female mice	8
Emerging pharmacological targets for alcohol use disorder	7
Assessment of alcohol consumption in mexican pregnant women by hair testing of ethyl glucuronide	7
The relationship between drunkorexia, alcohol, and blackouts among college students: An exploratory study	7
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical response in alcohol-dependent patients during baclofen treatment and association with clinical outcome: Preliminary results	7
Health disparities in time to diagnosis and survival post-diagnosis of cirrhosis in individuals with alcohol use disorder: A retrospective cohort study	7
Recent breakthroughs in understanding the cerebellum's role in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A systematic review	7
28. Investigating the role of the C5 complosome in Kupffer cell inflammasome activation in alcohol associated liver disease	7
8. The role of neutrophil activation in binge alcohol-induced intestinal leakage	7
Behavior-related risk factors and time to death among persons with alcohol consumption versus persons without: A general population study with mortality follow-up after 20 years	7
Further evidence of relationship between thiamine blood level and cognition in chronic alcohol-dependent adults: Prospective Pilot Study of an inpatient detoxification with oral supplementation protoc	7
Graded regional cerebellar volume deficits in adolescents and adults with Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)	7
35. Hepatic stellate cell-intrinsic role for cytoplasmic stress granule proteins in IRF3-mediated fibrogenic responses to TGFβ	7
Increased alcohol consumption in sleep-restricted rats is mediated by delta FosB induction	7
38. Deep immune phenotyping of alcohol use disorder to examine systemic and pulmonary memory T cell numbers and function	6
Sex Differences in Mouse Models of Voluntary Alcohol Drinking and Abstinence-Induced Negative Emotion	6
Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Alters Passive and Active Avoidance Behaviors in Adulthood	6
A rapid procedure to assess shifts in discriminative control over drinking during recovery-like behavior	6
17. Exploring the clinical utility of the biomarker GPNMB in the diagnosis of hepatic inflammatory diseases	6
Relationship between insomnia with alcohol drinking before sleep (Ne-Zake) or in the morning (Mukae-Zake) among Japanese farmers	6
Functional and Structural MRI to Examine Brain Mechanisms for Impulsive Action and Decision Making in Young Adult Binge Drinkers	6

The associations between alcohol intake and cardiometabolic risk in African-origin adults spanning the epidemiologic transition	6
Supplementation with sodium butyrate protects against antibiotic-induced increases in ethanol consumption behavior in mice	6
8. Chronic alcohol-fed mice exhibit altered T cell response against Listeria Monocytogenes infection	6
The effects of moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on performance in hippocampal-sensitive spatial memory and anxiety tasks by adult male and female rat offspring	6
Agmatine prevents development of tolerance to anti-nociceptive effect of ethanol in mice	6
Editorial Board	6
A longitudinal test of problematic alcohol use and binge eating among college women: The moderating role of shame	5
30. ALDH2 deficiency exacerbates binge alcohol-induced gut leakiness, endotoxemia, and acute liver injury through the gut-liver axis	5
Individual differences in behavioral flexibility predict future volitional ethanol consumption in mice	5
Assessing the relationship between mental health and AUDIT score among older sexual and gender minorities	5
41. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells exhibit a tolerance-like innate immune memory in response to priming by interferons	5
The impact of micronutrient supplementation in alcohol-exposed pregnancies on reaction time responses of preschoolers in Ukraine	5
Age as a potential modulator of alcohol-related deficits	5
Healthcare utilization and readiness outcomes among soldiers with post-deployment at-risk drinking, by multimorbidity class	5
The impact of Drinking in the Dark (DID) procedural manipulations on ethanol intake in High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) mice	4
Effect of high mobility group box 1 pathway inhibition on gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of mice exposed to alcohol	4
Comparison of serum calprotectin, a marker of neutrophil activation, and other mediators of inflammation in response to alcohol consumption	4
Profiling the oxylipidome in aged mice after chronic ethanol feeding: Identifying lipid metabolites as drivers of hepatocyte stress	4
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Alcohol Use Disorder-Related Behaviors	4
Mechanism-based mathematical modeling of ethanol and acamprosate effects on the stress circuit chemistry and the functional dynamics of the HPA axis	4
Editorial Board	4
Recent alcohol intake impacts microbiota in adult burn patients	4
Impact of alcohol and smoking cessation on the course of chronic pancreatitis	4
Social behavior and neuronal activation in adolescent female Fos-LacZ transgenic rats: Impact of acute ethanol challenge and baseline levels of social preference	4
Consequences of Adolescent Drinking on Cortical and Cerebellar Structure	4
Sex-dependent effects of ethanol withdrawal from a single- and repeated binge episode exposures on social anxiety-like behavior and neuropeptide gene expression in adolescent rats	4
Effects of long-term alcohol exposure on the pharmacokinetic profiles of ketamine and norketamine in rats	4
Altered kynurenine pathway in abstinent patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorders and psychiatric comorbidity	4
Editorial Board	4
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis of the Nonhuman Primate Brain: Insights on Causation	4
Editorial Board	4
Problematic alcohol use and food and alcohol disturbance in mothers: Examining the role of stress, body dissatisfaction, and wine-mom-consistent drinking	4
Dysregulation of endocannabinoid signaling is linked to PTSD-like traits in msP rats	4
5. Pioglitazone reverses alcohol-induced alterations in alveolar macrophage mitochondrial phenotype	4
Consequences of Acute Stress and Alcohol Exposure on the Endo-cannabinoid System in Healthy Humans	4
Sex Differences in Bias Towards Sensory-Motor Action Patterns Due to Altered Synaptic Transmission in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits in Chronic Alcohol Drinking Monkeys	4
Blockade of orexin receptors in the infralimbic cortex prevents stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior in rats with a history of alcohol dependence	4
Anterior insular cortex firing links initial, sustained, and lick-related encoding during aversion-resistant alcohol consumption	4
Editorial Board	4
Editorial Board	3
Does ethyl glucuronide in hair correlate with alcohol consumption? A comparative study with other traditional biomarkers among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome	3
Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in the zebrafish after ethanol exposure	3
Social dominance in monkeys: Lack of effect on ethanol self-administration during schedule induction	3
The effects of alcohol on anxiety-like, depression-like, and social behavior immediately and a day after binge drinking	3
Dietary soy prevents fetal demise, intrauterine growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphic features, and impairments in placentation linked to gestational alcohol exposure: Pivotal role of insulin an	3
Editorial Board	3
Assessment of reduction in stimulus generalization of ethanol-seeking during recovery: A rapid procedure	3
Heart rate variability: A primer for alcohol researchers	3
The effect of developmental alcohol exposure on multisensory integration is larger in deeper cortical layers	3
Characteristics of immune checkpoint regulators and potential role of soluble TIM-3 and LAG-3 in male patients with alcohol-associated liver disease	3
25. Mitoquinol improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via HIF-1α-PFKP axis	3
Establishing the safety of phenobarbital treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome on general medical wards: A retrospective cohort study	3
Pharmacological reversal of post-transcriptional alterations implicated in alcohol-induced alveolar macrophage dysfunction	3
Editorial Board	3
Developmental ethanol exposure causes central nervous system dysfunction and may slow the aging process in a Drosophila model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder	3
Effects of daridorexant on rest/wake activity patterns and drinking in adult rats exposed to chronic ethanol vapor in adolescence	3
Alcohol use in the older adult US population: Trends, causes, and consequences	3
Outcomes of elevated blood alcohol concentrations in elderly patients following a ground level fall: A matched analysis from the national trauma quality program	3
Structure-Function Studies of Alcohol-Sensitive Ligand-Gated Ion Channels from the Periphery	3
19. Does ethanol exposure have any direct effects on the ghrelin system?	2
Pupillary response to percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: A pilot trial	2
28. Liver-specific loss of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase promotes alcohol-induced liver injury	2
Olfactory bulb astrocytes control social transmission of stress and its cognitive consequences	2
Role for BDNF and Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in cognitive impairment associated with alcohol use disorders in humans and preclinical models	2
PPARα/CB1 Receptor Dual Ligands as a Novel Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: Evaluation in Preclinical Rat Models	2
Associations between pre-adolescents’ cognitive responses to alcohol-related cues, maternal drinking, and direct exposure to alcohol	2
The effects of gestational choline supplementation on cerebellar Purkinje cell number in the sheep model of binge alcohol exposure during the first trimester-equivalent	2
VIP treatment for the prefrontal cortex: drinking-induced adaptations to disinhibitory interneurons	2
Chronic intermittent ethanol during adolescence and adulthood alters dendritic spines in the primary motor and visual cortex in rats	2
Editorial Board	2
Alcohol dependence and the ventral hippocampal influence on alcohol drinking in male mice	2
NOP receptor antagonism reduces the firing activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons through GABAB mediated mechanisms	2
Investigating the role of CRF neurons in the lateral septum	2
In vivo imaging of brain cortisol regulation in alcohol use disorder	2
Binge ethanol consumption-associated behavioral impairments in male mice using a gelatin-based drinking-in-the dark model	2
Identifications of exosomal cargo molecules involved in microglia induced proopiomelanocortin neuronal death in the hypothalamus in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders	2
Vinpocetine, a PDE1 modulator, regulates markers of cerebral health, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a rat model of prenatal alcohol-induced experimental attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	2
Exploratory studies of ethanol drinking in the white-tufted marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)	2
Impact of stress exposure on alcohol interoceptive effects: mechanisms and considerations for alcohol drinking	2
A mechanistic perspective on the health promoting effects of alcohol – A focus on epigenetics modification	2

Religion and drinking: Differences between two campuses	2
Editorial Board	2
Extended Amygdala Neuropeptide Circuit Mechanisms Driving Emotional Arousal and Alcohol Addiction	2
A role for interleukin-33 in the neuroimmunophysiology of excessive alcohol intake	2
Anatomical, Functional, and Transcriptional Organization of Cortical Circuits Mediating Compulsive Drinking	2
Longitudinal assessment of the effects of cannabidiol over the different stages of addiction in rat models of alcohol use disorder	2
7. Adipose tissue: a critical organ involved in ethanol metabolism and alcohol induced liver injury	2
Reward Representation in mPFC Neuronal Networks and Effects of Heavy Alcohol Exposure	2
Alcohol dependence interactions with sex-specific stress-related neuropeptide and alcohol CeA synaptic effects	2
Ethanol-paired conditioned stimulus effects on concurrent reinforced responding for ethanol and food	2
Ethanol effects on sensorimotor circuits: To the striatum and beyond	2
Alcohol-induced fibroblast growth factor 21 secretion is increased in individuals with alcohol use disorder	1
The decrease in alcohol consumption and suicide rate during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association	1
32. Investigation of cold plasmas modulation of alcohol-induced impairment in wound healing	1
Dysregulation of CRF1-Expressing Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Following Withdrawal from Chronic Ethanol	1
The effect of long-term alcohol intoxication on the morphological structures and enzymatic activity of rat salivary glands	1
Correlates and consequences of anxiety and depressive symptom trajectories during early treatment for alcohol use	1
Analgesic effect of oxytocin in alcohol-dependent male and female rats	1
The effect of alcohol use on smoking cessation: A systematic review	1
Photoacoustic imaging for in vivo quantification of alcohol-induced structural and functional changes in cerebral vasculature in high alcohol-preferring mice (HAP)	1
Sensory processing and alcohol use in adults with autism spectrum disorder	1
27. Ethanol induced changes of miRNA expression in colonic epithelial cells in a mouse model of colitis	1
Deciphering Sex-Dependent Alcohol Addiction-Associated Gene Regulation Changes	1
Association of the amount of alcohol consumption with change in skeletal muscle and fat mass among Korean adults	1
19. Fecal microbiome transfer from moderate-dose alcohol-fed mice modulates gut-brain axis and ameliorates neuroinflammation in a sex-specific pattern	1
Theory of Planned Behavior and alcohol use in adolescents in Ecuador. Structural linear regression analysis	1
Longitudinal determinants of insomnia among patients with alcohol use disorder	1
Physiologically decreased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lower vertebrae associated with daily drinking habit in Japanese men with alcohol flushing reaction	1
A panel of antibodies for identification of macrophage M1 or M2 polarization	1
Acute stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence result in an altered expression of signaling systems associated with emotional behaviors and an adult anxious phenotype	1
Thiamine utilization and the lack of prescribing standardization: A critical examination	1
Editorial Board	1
Adolescent alcohol exposure leads to lasting hyperalgesia via amygdala circuit changes	1
Comorbid Anxiety and Heightened Stress Response are Associated with Excessive Alcohol Intake in Male and Female Genetically Selected Marchigian Sardinian Alcohol Preferring Rats	1
4. Involvement of opioid signaling pathway in the transition of alcohol’s properties from analgesia to its induced pain	1
Feasibility trial of a technology-based intervention (TI) among men with alcohol dependence from rural settings in India	1
Detecting the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a population of outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD): The role of personality traits, age at first alcohol use an	1
Alcohol exacerbates post-traumatic stress psychiatric behavior and its neuropathological sequalae in experimental mice: preventive effects of morin	1
Assessing negative affect in mice during abstinence from alcohol drinking: Limitations and future challenges	1
Cell-specific roles of MLKL in alcohol-associated liver disease	1
A Gut (Microbiome) Feeling About Stress and Addiction	1
Heterogeneity in Stress Effects on Fear Learning, Ethanol Consumption and Anxiety	1
The influence of chromosome 4 on high ethanol consumption and blood pressure	1
Perceived psychological control relates to coping-related drinking motives via social anxiety among adolescents: A cross-sectional mediation analysis	1
32. Alcohol-induced tissue injury at the gut-liver-brain axis is more severe in diabetic mice	1
Age-related impact of phenobarbital in suppressing prenatal alcohol exposure-related seizures in developing rats	1
Recruitment of neuronal ensembles linked to compulsive ethanol seeking in rats with a history of negative reinforcement by ethanol	1
Performance on a relational integration task is impaired during hangover	1
Age at onset and age at treatment of alcohol use disorders: Associations with educational level and intelligence	1
The PVN under the influence	1
The impact of COVID-19 on alcohol sales and consumption in the United States: A retrospective, observational analysis	1
A Role for Diacylglycerol Lipase-alpha in the Regulation of Alcohol Consumption	1
Editorial Board	1
Regional cortical thickness recovery with extended abstinence after treatment in those with alcohol use disorder	1
Impact of a pre-test measurement of alcohol craving in cue-exposure studies: Relationship with social desirability and demand effects	1
Medication development for AUD: A systematic review of clinical trial methodology	1
KCa2 channel positive modulation reduces alcohol drinking in female C57BL/6J mice	1
Effects of voluntary adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure and social isolation on adult alcohol intake in male rats	1
Alcohol use is associated with mental health problems and brain structural alterations in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection on ART	1
Tauopathy and alcohol consumption interact to alter locus coeruleus excitatory transmission and excitability in male and female mice	1
A retrospective evaluation of phenobarbital versus benzodiazepines for treatment of alcohol withdrawal in a regional Canadian emergency department	1
Dysregulation of neurotrophin expression in prefrontal cortex and nucleus basalis magnocellularis during and after adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure	1
Wrist-worn alcohol biosensors: Applications and usability in behavioral research	1
22. Decreases in microbial derived butyrate may contribute to intestinal inflammation in combined ethanol intoxication and burn injury	1
Alcohol motivations associated with frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol problems among active duty junior enlisted soldiers and non-commissioned officers	1
Alcohol impairs alveolar macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics and phagocytosis through changes in hyaluronic acid dynamics	1
Genetically Selected Marchigian Sardinian Alcohol Preferring (msP) Rats to Study Excessive Alcohol Drinking Associated with Innate Stress Hypersensitivity: The Role of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ NOP R	1
Editorial Board	0
Impact of social vulnerability index on patients with alcohol-related liver disease	0
Progesterone protects against ethanol-induced cerebral artery constriction	0
Converging Evidence from Rodent and Human Studies on the Role of Spironolactone as a Potential Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder	0
Corticolimbic circuitry and the role of endocannabinoids in adaptive stress coping behavior and implications for subsequent alcohol drinking	0
Sex and gender differences in alcohol use disorder: Quo Vadis?	0
Alcohol use disorder: Neuroimaging evidence for accelerated aging of brain morphology and hypothesized contribution to age-related dementia	0
Social incentives are stronger predictors of drinking decisions than alcohol incentives in young adults: The role of alcohol use disorder	0
Evaluating a 30-day alcohol abstinence challenge in heavy-drinking individuals with and without chronic pain: Feasibility, safety, and perceived benefits	0
Proceedings of the 2022 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders study group	0
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of delirium tremens in hospitalized patients with alcohol withdrawal	0
Effect of adolescent stress exposure on monoaminergic transmission in subcortical areas and compulsive behaviors	0
Editorial Board	0
Influence of age and sex on alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective pharmacodynamic responses following intravenous alcohol exposure in humans	0
Possible mechanisms of HIV neuro-infection in alcohol use: Interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy interruption	0
Relations Between Sleep and Alcohol Use during Adolescence	0
Crossed high alcohol preferring mice exhibit aversion-resistant responding for alcohol with quinine but not footshock punishment	0
23. Alcohol and HIV increase the risk of pneumonia due to impaired bacterial clearance by alveolar macrophages	0
Sex-specific effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure-induced dysregulation of hippocampal glial cells in adulthood	0
Effects of alcohol and its prevention strategies on adolescent school students	0
Past-month binge drinking and cannabis use among middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2015–2019	0
Defining the Transcriptional Landscape for Alcohol Use Disorder	0
Short-term transcriptomic changes in the mouse neural tube induced by an acute alcohol exposure	0
Gestational choline supplementation ameliorates T-maze reversal learning deficits induced by first trimester binge alcohol exposure in weanling lambs	0
16. Assessing the role of ABL2 in the progression of alcohol-associated liver disease	0
Neonatal ethanol causes profound reduction of cholinergic cell number in the basal forebrain of adult animals	0
Hemolytic iron regulation in traumatic brain injury and alcohol use	0
Effect of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure on RNA content of brain-derived extracellular vesicles	0