European Journal of Epidemiology

Article	Citations
Assessing the age specificity of infection fatality rates for COVID-19: systematic review, meta-analysis, and public policy implications	570
Mendelian randomisation for mediation analysis: current methods and challenges for implementation	451
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women and mothers of young children: results of a survey in 16 countries	402
Systemic inflammation markers and cancer incidence in the UK Biobank	228
Consumption of red meat and processed meat and cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies	185
Risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and subsequent all-cause mortality in Sweden: a nationwide study	109
How to detect and reduce potential sources of biases in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19	97
COVID-19 mortality in the UK Biobank cohort: revisiting and evaluating risk factors	94
Increases in COVID-19 are unrelated to levels of vaccination across 68 countries and 2947 counties in the United States	81
Lifestyle and metabolic factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomization study	81
The Swedish medical birth register during five decades: documentation of the content and quality of the register	78
Over- and under-estimation of COVID-19 deaths	72
Assessing causality in epidemiology: revisiting Bradford Hill to incorporate developments in causal thinking	70
Are Mendelian randomization investigations immune from bias due to reverse causation?	69
Ethnic differences in COVID-19 mortality during the first two waves of the Coronavirus Pandemic: a nationwide cohort study of 29 million adults in England	63
Thyroid function, sex hormones and sexual function: a Mendelian randomization study	57
Evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in France: findings from the population-based “CONSTANCES” cohort	55
Framework and baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO)	53
Adiposity, diabetes, lifestyle factors and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a Mendelian randomization study	53
Excess risk and clusters of symptoms after COVID-19 in a large Norwegian cohort	52
Physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies	49
The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS): design, methods and first results	45
The China birth cohort study (CBCS)	44
Cohort profile: Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes (S-PRESTO)	43
The limits of small-for-gestational-age as a high-risk category	43

Prediction or causality? A scoping review of their conflation within current observational research	41
COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future	40
Maternal hypertensive disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort in two Nordic countries	40
Protecting against researcher bias in secondary data analysis: challenges and potential solutions	39
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Denmark: nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study	37
Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in community-dwelling elderly populations	37
Genetic liability to insomnia in relation to cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomisation study	36
Vegetable nitrate intake, blood pressure and incident cardiovascular disease: Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study	36
Sedentary behavior and cancer–an umbrella review and meta-analysis	35
The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 epidemic growth in the 37 OECD member states	35
Decrease of cancer diagnosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis	35
Alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies	35
Second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil: younger at higher risk	34
Physical activity and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing the impact of reverse causation and measurement error in two large prospective cohorts	34
Association between body mass index, its change and cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults: a community-based, 9-year prospective cohort study	33
Gender specific excess mortality in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic accounting for age	31
Prenatal and postnatal exposure to acetaminophen in relation to autism spectrum and attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms in childhood: Meta-analysis in six European population-based cohorts	31
The EU Child Cohort Network’s core data: establishing a set of findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) variables	31
Physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population: meta-analysis of 23 cohort studies involving about 2 million participants	30
The Swedish military conscription register: opportunities for its use in medical research	29
Exploring and mitigating potential bias when genetic instrumental variables are associated with multiple non-exposure traits in Mendelian randomization	29
Estimated lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism in men and women in a Danish nationwide cohort: impact of competing risk of death	28
Vitamin D food fortification in European countries: the underused potential to prevent cancer deaths	28
Nationwide seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Israel	28
Secondary attack rates of COVID-19 in Norwegian families: a nation-wide register-based study	27
Marital status and prostate cancer incidence: a pooled analysis of 12 case–control studies from the PRACTICAL consortium	27
Different approaches to quantify years of life lost from COVID-19	27
The nationwide Finnish anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (FinACAF): study rationale, design, and patient characteristics	26
Using excess deaths and testing statistics to determine COVID-19 mortalities	26
Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis	25
Avoiding collider bias in Mendelian randomization when performing stratified analyses	25
COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in longer-term care facilities	25
Risk factors for COVID-19-related death, hospitalization and intensive care: a population-wide study of all inhabitants in Stockholm	25
Vaccine hesitancy due to vaccine country of origin, vaccine technology, and certification	25
The German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON): rationale, study design and baseline characteristics	25
Sedentary behaviour in relation to ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis	24
Are depressive disorders caused by psychosocial stressors at work? A systematic review with metaanalysis	23
One in five patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy dies from other causes than cardiac or respiratory failure	23
Comparative effectiveness of contact tracing interventions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review	22
The impact of a healthy lifestyle on the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes	22
The underwhelming German life expectancy	22
Zinc supplement use and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: a 30-year follow-up study	22
Economic uncertainty and suicide in the United States	22
Characterising patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms: evidence from nine UK longitudinal studies	21
Time-to-pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women	21
A comprehensive analysis of all-cause and cause-specific excess deaths in 30 countries during 2020	21
Prognostic models in COVID-19 infection that predict severity: a systematic review	20
Blood pressure, hypertension and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies	20
Mortality among individuals exposed to atomic bomb radiation in utero: 1950–2012	20
The influence of growth and sex hormones on risk of alzheimer’s disease: a mendelian randomization study	20

Decline of coronary heart disease mortality is strongly effected by changing patterns of underlying causes of death: an analysis of mortality data from 27 countries of the WHO European region 2000 and	19
Maternal exposure to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of adverse birth outcomes	18
Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies with 29.9 million participants and 86,345 cases	18
Physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis	18
Association between serum pyrethroid insecticide levels and incident type 2 diabetes risk: a nested case–control study in Dongfeng–Tongji cohort	18
Modern Epidemiology, 4th edition. TL Lash, TJ VanderWeele, S Haneuse, KJ Rothman. Wolters Kluwer, 2021	17
Ageing-related markers and risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort	17
Exploring domains, clinical implications and environmental associations of a deep learning marker of biological ageing	17
Suicide in prison and after release: a 17-year national cohort study	17
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its control measures on cardiovascular and antidiabetic drugs use in France in 2020: a nationwide repeated cohort study	17
Alcohol intake in early adulthood and risk of colorectal cancer: three large prospective cohort studies of men and women in the United States	16
10 K: a large‐scale prospective longitudinal study in Israel	16
Sex differences in the mortality rate for coronavirus disease 2019 compared to other causes of death: an analysis of population-wide data from 63 countries	16
The methodologies to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review	16
The iBerry study: a longitudinal cohort study of adolescents at high risk of psychopathology	16
Estimated preventable COVID-19-associated deaths due to non-vaccination in the United States	16
Methodical considerations on adjusting for Charlson Comorbidity Index in epidemiological studies	15
The Danish National Register of assisted reproductive technology: content and research potentials	15
Biases arising from linked administrative data for epidemiological research: a conceptual framework from registration to analyses	15
Dietary fat intake and risk of Parkinson disease: results from the Swedish National March Cohort	15
Alcohol consumption, blood DNA methylation and breast cancer: a Mendelian randomisation study	15
Nuts and legumes consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Comparative effectiveness and safety of direct acting oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation for stroke prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Hypothetical blood-pressure-lowering interventions and risk of stroke and dementia	14
Age- and sex-specific modifiable risk factor profiles of dementia: evidence from the UK Biobank	14
Cohort profile and representativeness of participants in the Diet, Cancer and Health—Next Generations cohort study	14
The diverse life-course cohort (DLCC): protocol of a large-scale prospective study in China	14
Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality: prospective cohort study	14
Circulating lipoprotein (a) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis	14
Lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: assessing the influence of reverse causation in a prospective cohort of 457,021 US adults	14
Years of life lost methods must remain fully equitable and accountable	14
Pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and risk of COVID-19 mortality: results from UK Biobank	14
COVID-19 and mental health: a longitudinal population study from Norway	13
Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: Analysis of nationwide serosurvey data in the Netherlands	13
A population-based cohort study of sex and risk of severe outcomes in covid-19	13
A longitudinal evaluation of alcohol intake throughout adulthood and colorectal cancer risk	13
Healthy lifestyle in older adults and life expectancy with and without heart failure	13
Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies	12
Repurposing antidiabetic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study	12
The association between meat and fish consumption and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies	12
Statistical Analysis in the German National Cohort (NAKO) – Specific Aspects and General Recommendations	12
Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort	12
Genetically predicted body composition in relation to cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization study	12
Incidence of Parkinson’s disease in French women from the E3N cohort study over 27 years of follow-up	12
Plasma metabolomic profiles for colorectal cancer precursors in women	12
Immune age and biological age as determinants of vaccine responsiveness among elderly populations: the Human Immunomics Initiative research program	12
Revival of ecological studies during the COVID-19 pandemic	12
Bone mineral density and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women: the HUNT study	12
Temporal trends in calls for suicide attempts to poison control centers in France during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study	12
Oral contraceptive use by formulation and endometrial cancer risk among women born in 1947–1964: The Nurses’ Health Study II, a prospective cohort study	12
The estimated disease burden of acute COVID-19 in the Netherlands in 2020, in disability-adjusted life-years	12
Is the association of overweight and obesity with colorectal cancer underestimated? An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses	12
Risk of thyroid cancer in Ukrainian cleanup workers following the Chornobyl accident	11
Cohort Profile Update: the China Metal-Exposed workers Cohort Study (Jinchang Cohort)	11
Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of carotid intima-media thickness	11
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of hydroxychloroquine for the prevention of COVID-19	11
Prioritisation and design of clinical trials	11
Strong associations of serum selenoprotein P with all-cause mortality and mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in older German adults	11
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on myocardial infarction care	11
Estimates and Forecasts on the Burden of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Adult and Elderly Population in Turkiye	11
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households: a remote prospective cohort study in European countries	11
Generalizability and effect measure modification in sibling comparison studies	11
Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark	11
Excess death estimates from multiverse analysis in 2009–2021	10
Age-specific contribution of contacts to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany	10
The rise and fall of diseases: reflections on the history of population health in Europe since ca. 1700	10
Design, implementation and initial findings of COVID-19 research in the Rotterdam Study: leveraging existing infrastructure for population-based investigations on an emerging disease	10
Kidney function and risk of dementia: Observational study, meta-analysis, and two-sample mendelian randomization study	10
Long-term intake of total energy and fat in relation to subjective cognitive decline	10
Parental age and birth defects: a sibling study	10
A robust mean and variance test with application to high-dimensional phenotypes	10
Heart rate, intelligence in adolescence, and Parkinson’s disease later in life	10
Healthy lifespan inequality: morbidity compression from a global perspective	9
The carcinogenicity of opium consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis	9
Dispositional optimism and depression risk in older women in the Nurses´ Health Study: a prospective cohort study	9
Self-reported insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, chronotype and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a prospective study in the UK Biobank and the HUNT Study	9
The Rotterdam Study. Design update and major findings between 2020 and 2024	9
Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of breast cancer in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study	9
The PROactive cohort study: rationale, design, and study procedures	9
Proteomics and Population Biology in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS): design of a study with mentored access and active data sharing	9

Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review	9
When will individuals meet their personalized probabilities? A philosophical note on risk prediction	9
SARS-CoV-2 elicits non-sterilizing immunity and evades vaccine-induced immunity: implications for future vaccination strategies	9
Moderate alcohol consumption, types of beverages and drinking pattern with cardiometabolic biomarkers in three cohorts of US men and women	9
Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care	9
Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis	9
Smoking as the most important risk factor for chronic pancreatitis in the general population	9
Predicting counterfactual risks under hypothetical treatment strategies: an application to HIV	8
Statin use is associated with lower risk of dementia in stroke patients: a community-based cohort study with inverse probability weighted marginal structural model analysis	8
The need for evolutionary theory in cancer research	8
Adiposity and the risk of dementia: mediating effects from inflammation and lipid levels	8
Work stress and loss of years lived without chronic disease: an 18-year follow-up of 1.5 million employees in Denmark	8
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on inanimate surfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis	8
Circulating vitamin D and breast cancer risk: an international pooling project of 17 cohorts	8
Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study	8
Socioeconomic inequalities in dementia risk among a French population-based cohort: quantifying the role of cardiovascular health and vascular events	8
Impact of uncertainties in exposure assessment on thyroid cancer risk among cleanup workers in Ukraine exposed due to the Chornobyl accident	8
The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk in the Finnish twins cohort	8
Effect of religious service attendance on mortality and hospitalisations among Danish men and women: longitudinal findings from REGLINK-SHAREDK	8
War in Europe: health implications of environmental nuclear disaster amidst war	8
Low and high pancreatic amylase is associated with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis	8
Physical activity and risk of chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 cohort studies involving 1,281,727 participants	7
Community-level characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in England: A nationwide cross-sectional study	7
The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study	7
Long-term association of pregnancy and maternal brain structure: the Rotterdam Study	7
Risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in smokers lacks causal evidence	7
Does death from Covid-19 arise from a multi-step process?	7
Identifying potential causal effects of age at menopause: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study	7
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and brain structural imaging markers	7
Non-COVID-19 deaths after social distancing in Norway	6
Vitamin D intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study	6
Incidence, prevalence and mortality of chronic liver diseases in Sweden between 2005 and 2019	6
A comparison of statistical methods to predict the residual lifetime risk	6
Non-linear Mendelian randomization: detection of biases using negative controls with a focus on BMI, Vitamin D and LDL cholesterol	6
Dementia risk in the general population: large-scale external validation of prediction models in the AGES-Reykjavik study	6
Maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy and offspring asthma: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and a nationwide register cohort	6
Projected prevalence and incidence of dementia accounting for secular trends and birth cohort effects: a population-based microsimulation study	6
Prevention-centered health care in Germany – a nation in need to turn the tide	6
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 before and after symptom onset: impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions in China	6
The long-term relation between physical activity and executive function in the Rotterdam Study	6
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in the UK Biobank study	6
Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia	6
Alcohol intake and risk of glioma: results from three prospective cohort studies	6
Mortality in adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide register study	6
APOE ε4 and late-life cognition: mediation by structural brain imaging markers	6
Biomedical and health research: an analysis of country participation and research fields in the EU’s Horizon 2020	6
COVID-19: facts and failures, a tale of two worlds	6
Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards causal directed acyclic graphs: a qualitative research project	6
Design and overview of the Origins of Alzheimer’s Disease Across the Life course (ORACLE) study	5
Research-ready data: the C-Surv data model	5
Longitudinal trajectories of lifetime body shape and prostate cancer angiogenesis	5
Association of milk intake with hay fever, asthma, and lung function: a Mendelian randomization analysis	5
Gains in life expectancy from decreasing cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality – an analysis of 28 European countries 1995–2019	5
Accuracy of congenital anomaly coding in live birth children recorded in European health care databases, a EUROlinkCAT study	5
Occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of kidney cancer: an updated meta-analysis	5
The Xi’an longitudinal mother–child cohort study: design, study population and methods	5
Dietary patterns, brain morphology and cognitive performance in children: Results from a prospective population-based study	5
Fetal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and male reproductive function in young adulthood	5
Evaluating the harmonisation potential of diverse cohort datasets	5
The transplant cohort of the German center for infection research (DZIF Tx-Cohort): study design and baseline characteristics	5
Falsification of the instrumental variable conditions in Mendelian randomization studies in the UK Biobank	5
Epidemiology is about disease in populations	5
Drinking alcohol in moderation is associated with lower rate of all-cause mortality in individuals with higher rather than lower educational level: findings from the MORGAM project	5
A randomized controlled trial comparing community lifestyle interventions to improve adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations: the VitalUM study	5
Lympho-hematopoietic malignancies risk after exposure to low dose ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization in childhood	5
Season of birth and the risk of dementia in the population‐based Rotterdam Study	5
Prenatal exposure to trans fatty acids and head growth in fetal life and childhood: triangulating confounder-adjustment and instrumental variable approaches	5
When gold standards are not so golden: prevalence bias in randomized trials on endoscopic colorectal cancer screening	5
Overdiagnosis: one concept, three perspectives, and a model	5
Low-dose aspirin and risk of breast cancer: a Norwegian population-based cohort study of one million women	5
Age-specific effects of weight-based body size on fracture risk in later life: a lifecourse Mendelian randomisation study	4
Interpreting epidemiologic studies of colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer prevention: understanding the mechanisms of action is key	4
Dementia remains the major predictor of death among octogenarians. A study of two population cohorts of 85-year-olds examined 22 years apart	4
Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome prediction in lung cancer screening: update from the NELSON trial	4
When intuition falters: repeated testing accuracy during an epidemic	4
Re: Subramanian and Kumar. Vaccination rates and COVID-19 cases	4
The impact of left truncation of exposure in environmental case–control studies: evidence from breast cancer risk associated with airborne dioxin	4
Maternal vitamin D levels and male reproductive health: a population-based follow-up study	4
Bias assessment and correction for Levin’s population attributable fraction in the presence of confounding	4
Stress-related disorders and subsequent cancer risk and mortality: a population-based and sibling-controlled cohort study in Sweden	4
Cardiovascular risk factors, living and ageing in Halle: the CARLA study	4
Association of COVID-19 mortality with COVID-19 vaccination rates in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany) from calendar week 1 to 20 in the year 2021: a registry-based analysis	4
Reappraising the role of instrumental inequalities for mendelian randomization studies in the mega Biobank era	4
How well do covariates perform when adjusting for sampling bias in online COVID-19 research? Insights from multiverse analyses	4
Milk intake, lactase persistence genotype, plasma proteins and risks of cardiovascular events in the Swedish general population	4
About the associations of vitamin D deficiency and biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a general population sample of almost 400,000 UK Biobank	4
Development in life expectancy with good and poor cognitive function in the elderly European Population from 2004-05 to 2015	4
Epigenetic mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis involve differentially methylated CpG sites beyond those associated with smoking	4
Re: The limits of small-for-gestational-age as a high-risk category	4
A unidirectional mapping of ICD-8 to ICD-10 codes, for harmonized longitudinal analysis of diseases	4
Lipidomics and pancreatic cancer risk in two prospective studies	4