Journal of Great Lakes Research

Papers
(The median citation count of Journal of Great Lakes Research is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-07-01 to 2024-07-01.)
ArticleCitations
Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes148
Microplastic and other anthropogenic microparticles in water and sediments of Lake Simcoe50
The taxonomic diversity of the cichlid fish fauna of ancient Lake Tanganyika, East Africa48
The relationship between thermal physiology and lampricide sensitivity in larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)43
Management of anadromous lampreys: Common threats, different approaches41
Consequences of calamities and their management: The case of COVID-19 pandemic and flooding on inland capture fisheries in Kenya40
Persistent organic pollutants, metals, and the bacterial community composition associated with microplastics in Muskegon Lake (MI)32
A systematic review of the literature on plastic pollution in the Laurentian Great Lakes and its effects on freshwater biota32
A renewed philosophy about supplemental sea lamprey controls31
Emerging conservation initiatives for lampreys: Research challenges and opportunities30
Quantifying Great Lakes sea lamprey populations using an index of adults29
Redox-related release of phosphorus from sediments in large and shallow Lake Peipsi: Evidence from sediment studies and long-term monitoring data29
Lamprey fisheries: History, trends and management29
Using decision analysis to collaboratively respond to invasive species threats: A case study of Lake Erie grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)27
Tributary use and large-scale movements of grass carp in Lake Erie27
Occurrence of residues of veterinary antibiotics in water, sediment and trout tissue (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the southern area of Lake Titicaca, Peru26
Progress towards integrating an understanding of chemical ecology into sea lamprey control26
Status of the major aquaculture carps of China in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin25
Widespread prevalence of hypoxia and the classification of hypoxic conditions in the Laurentian Great Lakes25
Wetland vegetation response to record-high Lake Ontario water levels24
Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water originating from Lake Erie24
Advances in the use of lampricides to control sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes, 2000–201924
At-sea feeding ecology of parasitic lampreys24
Dreissena in Lake Ontario 30 years post-invasion23
Desiccation of the Transboundary Hamun Lakes between Iran and Afghanistan in Response to Hydro-climatic Droughts and Anthropogenic Activities22
Passage and freshwater habitat requirements of anadromous lampreys: Considerations for conservation and control22
Controls on the geomorphic response of beach-dune systems to water level rise22
Identifying sources and year classes contributing to invasive grass carp in the Laurentian Great Lakes21
Where you trap matters: Implications for integrated sea lamprey management20
Community dynamics and function of algae and bacteria during winter in central European great lakes20
Lake Urmia restoration success story: A natural trend or a planned remedy?20
Large lakes in climate models: A Great Lakes case study on the usability of CMIP520
Failure to diverge in African Great Lakes: The case of Dolicirroplectanum lacustre gen. nov. comb. nov. (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) infecting latid hosts19
Evolution of the sea lamprey control barrier program: The importance of lowermost barriers19
Farmers’ preferences towards water hyacinth control: A contingent valuation study19
Then and now: Revisiting nutrient export in agricultural watersheds within southern Ontario’s lower Great Lakes basin19
Managing native and non-native sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) through anthropogenic change: A prospective assessment of key threats and uncertainties19
Diet complexity of Lake Michigan salmonines: 2015–201619
Evaluating sediments as an ecosystem service in western Lake Erie via quantification of nutrient cycling pathways and selected gene abundances19
Persistent contaminants of emerging concern in a great lakes urban-dominant watershed19
What is the extent of water brownification in Lake Onego, Russia?19
An adaptive management approach for implementing multi-jurisdictional response to grass carp in Lake Erie18
Environmental exposure of freshwater mussels to contaminants of emerging concern: Implications for species conservation18
Chloride trends in Ontario’s surface and groundwaters18
3D-modelling of Lake Kivu: Horizontal and vertical flow and temperature structure under spatially variable atmospheric forcing18
Groundwater as a source and pathway for road salt contamination of surface water in the Lake Ontario Basin: A review18
Impacts of a changing climate on native lamprey species: From physiology to ecosystem services18
A matrix population model to aid agency response to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in the Great Lakes Basin - Lake Erie18
Rapid water level rise drives unprecedented coastal habitat loss along the Great Lakes of North America18
Why a Great Lakes Fishery Commission? The seven-decade pursuit of a Canada-U.S. fishery treaty18
Three-dimensional modeling of sediment resuspension in a large shallow lake18
Advances in fish passage in the Great Lakes basin17
Need for harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring of African Great Lakes17
A review of osmoregulation in lamprey17
Impacts of climate change on groundwater in the Great Lakes Basin: A review17
Application of dynamic contributing area for modelling the hydrologic response of the Assiniboine River Basin to a changing climate17
Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in a Lake Ontario food web17
Evidence of host switching: Sea lampreys disproportionately attack Chinook salmon when lake trout abundance is low in Lake Ontario17
Phosphorus retention and transformation in a dammed reservoir of the Thames River, Ontario: Impacts on phosphorus load and speciation16
Setting and tracking suppression targets for sea lampreys in the Great Lakes16
Prioritizing lampricide treatments in Great Lakes tributaries and lentic areas during 2000–201716
Lamprey aquaculture successes and failures: A path to production for control and conservation16
Shifting baselines and social license to operate: Challenges in communicating sea lamprey control16
A case study of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control and ecology in a microcosm of the Great Lakes16
Targeted lampricide treatment strategies for sea lamprey suppression in the Great Lakes: 2008–201816
Three-dimensional bluff evolution in response to seasonal fluctuations in Great Lakes water levels16
Seasonal use of two unregulated Lake Superior tributaries by lake sturgeon16
Responses to local and global stressors in the large southern perialpine lakes: Present status and challenges for research and management15
Changes in native lamprey populations in the Great Lakes since the onset of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control15
Fish living near two wastewater treatment plants have unaltered thermal tolerance but show changes in organ and tissue traits15
Microbial source tracking to identify fecal sources contaminating the Toronto Harbour and Don River watershed in wet and dry weather15
Influence of lake levels on water extent, interspersion, and marsh birds in Great Lakes coastal wetlands15
Methane and nitrous oxide measured throughout Lake Erie over all seasons indicate highest emissions from the eutrophic Western Basin15
Validation of the model-predicted spawning area of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in the Sandusky River15
Otolith microchemistry shows natal philopatry of walleye in western Lake Erie14
Estimating age and growth of invasive sea lamprey: A review of approaches and investigation of a new method14
Characterizing spatial and temporal distributions of turbulent mixing and dissipation in Lake Erie14
Variations in water level, area and volume of Hongze Lake, China from 2003 to 201814
Population structure in anadromous lampreys: Patterns and processes14
Considering aquatic connectivity trade-offs in Great Lakes barrier removal decisions14
Understanding sea lamprey abundances in the Great Lakes prior to broad implementation of sea lamprey control14
Synergizing basic and applied scientific approaches to help understand lamprey biology and support management actions13
Depth drives growth dynamics of dreissenid mussels in Lake Ontario13
Piscivory in recovering Lake Michigan cisco (Coregonus artedi): The role of invasive species13
Distribution, abundance and spatial variability of microplastic pollution on the surface of Lake Superior13
Applying functional genomics to the study of lamprey development and sea lamprey population control13
Contemporary spatial extent and environmental drivers of larval coregonine distributions across Lake Ontario13
Genetic control of invasive sea lamprey in the Great Lakes13
Interannual variability of water quality conditions in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya12
Seasonality and physical drivers of deep chlorophyll layers in Lake Superior, with implications for a rapidly warming lake12
The distribution, density, and biomass of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on natural substrates in Lake Winnipeg 2017–201912
A seasonal electric barrier blocks invasive adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and reduces production of larvae12
Developing habitat associations for fishes in Lake Winnipeg by linking large scale bathymetric and substrate data with fish telemetry detections12
Spatial ecology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Lake Winnipeg and its potential for management actions12
An adaptive management implementation framework for evaluating supplemental sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) controls in the Laurentian Great Lakes12
Retrieval of ice/water observations from synthetic aperture radar imagery for use in lake ice data assimilation12
Telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive carps12
Monthly suspended-sediment apportionment for a western Lake Erie agricultural tributary12
Assessment of nitrogen fixation rates in the Laurentian Great Lakes12
Evaluating diffuse and point source phosphorus inputs to streams in a cold climate region using a load apportionment model12
Six decades of Lake Ontario ecological history according to benthos12
Diversity and ecology of phytoplankton in Lake Edward (East Africa): Present status and long-term changes12
Results of the collaborative Lake Ontario bloater restoration stocking and assessment, 2012–202011
Implications of the sea lamprey control program for lake sturgeon conservation and rehabilitation efforts11
Incorporation of non-native species in the diets of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from eastern Lake Ontario11
Mixing of Rhône River water in Lake Geneva: Seasonal tracing using stable isotope composition of water11
Reporting on the status, trends, and drivers of algal blooms on Lake of the Woods using satellite-derived bloom indices (2002–2021)11
A review of sea lamprey control in Lake Erie, 2000–201911
Biological consequences of agricultural and urban land-use along the Maumee River, a major tributary to the Laurentian Great Lakes watershed11
Submerged aquatic vegetation cover and complexity drive crustacean zooplankton community structure in a large fluvial lake: An in situ approach11
High nutrient loading and climatic parameters influence the dominance and dissimilarity of toxigenic cyanobacteria in northern bays of Lake Victoria11
Dolichospermum blooms in Lake Superior: DNA-based approach provides insight to the past, present and future of blooms11
Asian carp spawning success: Predictions from a 3-D hydrodynamic model for a Laurentian Great Lake tributary11
Evidence of spawning by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush on substrates at the base of large boulders in northern Lake Huron11
Heterogeneity in zooplankton distributions and vertical migrations: Application of a laser optical plankton counter in offshore Lake Michigan11
How long-term water level changes influence the spatial distribution of fish and other functional groups in a large shallow lake11
Before the first meal: The elusive pre-feeding juvenile stage of the sea lamprey11
Differential habitat use patterns of yellow perch Perca flavescens in eastern Lake Michigan and connected drowned river mouth lakes10
What can commercial fishery data in the Great Lakes reveal about juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) ecology and management?10
Concentrations and loads of nutrients and major ions in the Niagara River, 1975–201810
Broad screening of toxic and bioactive metabolites in cyanobacterial and harmful algal blooms in Lake of the Woods (Canada and USA), 2016–201910
Characterizing the cultural ecosystem services of coastal sand dunes10
Psychrotrophic violacein-producing bacteria isolated from Lake Winnipeg, Canada10
Groundwater-surface water interactions and agricultural nutrient transport in a Great Lakes clay plain system10
Snowpack response in the Assiniboine-Red River basin associated with projected global warming of 1.0 °C to 3.0 °C10
Molecular sexing of lake sturgeon10
Differentiation between lake whitefish and cisco eggs based on diameter10
Local perceptions on the state of the pelagic fisheries and fisheries management in Uvira, Lake Tanganyika, DR Congo10
Diets of the benthic amphipod Diporeia in southern Lake Michigan before and after the dreissenid invasion10
Ecological opportunity enabled invertebrate radiations in ancient Lake Ohrid10
Advancing Africa’s Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized, long-term, collaborative networks and partnerships10
Episodic nearshore-offshore exchanges of hypoxic waters along the north shore of Lake Erie10
Using simulation to understand annual sea lamprey marking rates on lake trout10
How ancient is Lake Lugu (Yunnan, China)? The gastropods’ viewpoint with focus on Radix (Lymnaeidae)10
Environmental predictors of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a in Great Lakes coastal wetlands10
Empirical modeling of chlorophyll a from MODIS satellite imagery for trophic status monitoring of Lake Victoria in East Africa10
Timescales of transport through Lower Green Bay10
Spatial and temporal variability in lake trout diets in Lake Ontario as revealed by stomach contents and stable isotopes10
Trends and biological effects of environmental contaminants in lamprey10
The role of wind-wave related processes in redistributing river-derived terrigenous sediments in Lake Turkana: A modelling study10
Evaluating the spatial distribution and source of phthalate esters in the surface water of Xingkai Lake, China during summer9
Spatial and temporal variations of dissolved CO2, CH4 and N2O in Lakes Edward and George (East Africa)9
Delineating spatial distribution and thickness of unconsolidated sand along the southwest Lake Michigan shoreline using TEM and ERT geophysical methods9
Eradication of sea lampreys from the Laurentian Great Lakes is possible9
Larval Coregonus spp. diets and zooplankton community patterns in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior9
A case history of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) abundance and control in Lake Huron: 2000–20199
Lampricide bioavailability and toxicity to invasive sea lamprey and non-target fishes: The importance of alkalinity, pH, and the gill microenvironment9
Vertical oscillations of the thermocline caused by internal waves modify coldwater pelagic fish distribution: Results from a large stratified lake9
Sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes: A Tribal/First Nations Representative’s perspective9
The lobed-lipped species of Haplochromis (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from Lake Edward, two instead of one9
Acoustic tag retention and tagging mortality of juvenile cisco Coregonus artedi9
Diet, trophic position of upper St. Lawrence River round goby giants reveals greater dependence on dreissenids with increasing body size9
Recolonization of lake whitefish river spawning ecotypes and estimates of riverine larval production in Green Bay, Lake Michigan9
DNA metabarcoding of the phytoplankton of Great Salt Lake’s Gilbert Bay: Spatiotemporal assemblage changes and comparisons to microscopy9
Speciation and bioavailability of particulate phosphorus in forested karst watersheds of southern Ontario during rain events9
Is fish biomass controlled by abiotic or biotic factors? Results of long-term monitoring in a large eutrophic lake9
Microplastic pollutants in the coastal dunes of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario9
Having the balls to colonize – The Ephydatia fluviatilis group and the origin of (ancient) lake “endemic” sponge lineages9
Gut contents from multiple morphs of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at two offshore shoals in Lake Superior9
Coupling watershed modeling, public engagement, and soil analysis improves decision making for targeting P retention wetland locations8
Two decades since first invasion: Revisiting round goby impacts on nearshore aquatic communities in the Upper St. Lawrence River8
Response of aquatic macroinvertebrate density and diversity to wetland management and structure in the Montezuma Wetlands Complex, New York8
Exploiting the physiology of lampreys to refine methods of control and conservation8
Initial insights into the development and implementation of a citizen-science drone-based coastal change monitoring program in the Great Lakes region8
Importance of long-term intensive monitoring programs for understanding multiple drivers influencing Lake Ontario zooplankton communities8
Association of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs and zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, within the littoral zone of Lake Winnipeg8
A lake-wide approach for large lake zooplankton monitoring: Results from the 2006–2016 Lake Superior Cooperative Science and Monitoring Initiative surveys8
Temporal variations in the pelagic fish community of Lake Winnipeg from 2002 to 20198
Updated census in the Laurentian Great Lakes Watershed: A framework for determining the relationship between the population and this aquatic resource8
Addressing the risk of lampricide exposure to three federally listed species in U.S. streams8
Nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations in the Maumee River and tributaries during 2019 rain-induced fallow conditions8
Quantitative modeling of cyanobacterial concentration using MODIS imagery in the Southern Caspian Sea8
The Late Pleistocene mollusk fauna of Selitrennoye (Astrakhan province, Russia): A natural baseline for endemic Caspian Sea faunas8
An ecosystem health assessment of the Detroit River and western Lake Erie8
Seasonal offshore/inshore migration of round gobies8
Long-term dynamics of Lake Erie benthos: One lake, three distinct communities8
Punctuated decadal morphodynamics and coupled vegetation succession along a nontidal, wave-dominated Great Lakes barrier spit, Gull Point, Lake Erie, U.S.A.8
Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) annual adult survival estimated from acoustic telemetry8
Mitigating lake eutrophication through stakeholder-driven hydrologic modeling of agricultural conservation practices: A case study of Lake Macatawa, Michigan8
Declines in lake whitefish larval densities after dreissenid mussel establishment in Lake Huron8
The evolution of sea lamprey control in the St. Marys River: 1997–20198
Spatial and seasonal comparisons of growth of wild and stocked juvenile lake trout in Lake Champlain8
Life history evolution of sea lamprey is predicted to reduce the effectiveness of pesticide control8
Depth and temperature selection of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) ecotypes in Lake Superior revealed by popup satellite archival tags8
Spatial segregation of cisco (Coregonus artedi) and lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis) larvae in Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario8
Testing for hybridization between Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus) in the Lake Edward system8
Historical and contemporary movement and survival rates of walleye (Sander vitreus) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada8
Revision of the needle-shaped Fragilaria species (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (United States of America, Canada)8
Ontogenetic habitat use and seasonal activity of Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in the Lake Albert delta, East Africa7
Seasonal changes predominant over manure application in driving dissolved organic matter shifts in agricultural runoff7
Alkalinity, pH, and pCO2 in the Laurentian Great Lakes: An initial view of seasonal and inter-annual trends7
Enhancement of a global lake and reservoir database to aid climate studies and resource monitoring utilizing satellite radar altimetry7
Genomics reveals identity, phenology and population demographics of larval ciscoes (Coregonus artedi, C. hoyi, and C. kiyi) in the Apostle Islands, Lake Superior7
Temporal dynamics and drivers of lake ecosystem metabolism using high resolution observations in a shallow, tropical, eutrophic lake (Laguna Lake, Philippines)7
Diet differences between wild and stocked age-0 to age-3 lake trout indicate influence of early rearing environments7
Spatial and temporal distributions of Dreissena spp. veligers in Lake Huron: Does calcium limit settling success?7
Bridging Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledge systems and practices for sustainable management of aquatic resources from East to West Africa7
Cold and wet: Diatoms dominate the phytoplankton community during a year of anomalous weather in a Great Lakes estuary7
Seventy years of food-web change in South Bay, Lake Huron7
A review of sea lamprey dispersal and population structure in the Great Lakes and the implications for control7
Lake Turkana: Status, challenges, and opportunities for collaborative research7
Winter severity, fish community, and availability to traps explain most of the variability in estimates of adult sea lamprey in Lake Superior7
An investigation into Saugeen Ojibway Nation-based ecological knowledge on the ciscoes (Coregonus spp.) of Lake Huron7
Freshwater biogeography in Wallacea: The case of sphaeriid bivalves in the Malili lake system (Sulawesi, Indonesia)7
Estimation of phosphorus loads from septic systems to tributaries in the Canadian Lake Erie Basin7
Prevalence and ecological features of deep chlorophyll layers in Lake of the Woods, a complex hydrological system with strong trophic, physical, and chemical gradients7
Spatio-temporal variations of hydrochemistry and modern sedimentation processes in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau: Implications for carbonate precipitation7
Condition of macroinvertebrate communities in the Buffalo River Area of Concern following sediment remediation7
Assessing the assumptions of classification agreement, accuracy, and predictable healing time of sea lamprey wounds on lake trout7
Agricultural conservation practices could help offset climate change impacts on cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie7
An ecological causal assessment of tributaries draining the Red River Valley, Manitoba7
Deep Lake Explorer: A web application for crowdsourcing the classification of benthic underwater video from the Laurentian Great Lakes7
Validation of qPCR method for enterococci quantification at Toronto beaches: Application for rapid recreational water monitoring7
Registration and application of sea lamprey pheromones for sea lamprey control in the United States and Canada7
Mercury concentrations in commercial fish species from Lake Winnipeg, 1971–20197
Copper-rich “Halo” off Lake Superior’s Keweenaw Peninsula and how Mass Mill tailings dispersed onto tribal lands7
Endemic Caspian Sea mollusks in hotspot and non-hotspot areas differentially affected by anthropogenic pressures7
Incorporation of anthropogenic debris into double-crested cormorant nests, Toronto, Ontario7
Fish and fishing in Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) since 1851: Similarities and differences between historical and modern times7
Assessing the ecological vulnerability of the shallow steppe Lake Neusiedl (Austria-Hungary) to climate-driven hydrological changes using a palaeolimnological approach7
Trade-offs between suppression and eradication of sea lampreys from the Great Lakes7
Loading and lake circulation structures recurrent patterns of water quality on the Toronto – Mississauga waterfront of Lake Ontario7
Spatiotemporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface and suspended sediments from the Lake Ontario Canadian nearshore 1994–2018: A fish consumption advisory perspective7
Drivers of revitalization in Great Lakes coastal communities6
Modeling three-dimensional transport of microplastics and impacts of biofouling in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario6
Elevated methylmercury concentration and trophic position of the non-native bloody red shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) increase biomagnification risk in nearshore food webs6
Urban pocket-beach morphodynamics along the wave-dominated southwest coast of Lake Michigan: An analysis of shoreline and sand volumetric changes6
Environmental factors influencing annual sucker (Catostomus sp.) migration into a Great Lakes tributary6
What makes an elongated lake ‘large’? Scales from wind-driven steady circulation on a rotating Earth6
Non-native Dreissena associated with increased native benthic community abundance with greater lake depth6
Lake Ontario’s nearshore zooplankton: Community composition changes and comparisons to the offshore6
Requirements for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for scientific data collection in the Laurentian Great Lakes: A questionnaire survey6
Pedigree-based decadal estimates of lake sturgeon adult spawning numbers and genetic diversity of stream-side hatchery produced offspring6
What do our lakes mean to us? An understanding of Michigan coastline communities’ perceptions of the Great Lakes6
Determining habitat limitations of Maumee River walleye production to western Lake Erie fish stocks: documenting a spawning ground barrier6
Cyanotoxin transport from surface water to groundwater: Simulation scenarios for Lake Erie6
Complex patterns of phosphorus delivery in the Lake of the Woods watershed6
Hydrodynamics of a large lake with complex geometry and topography: Lake of the Woods6
Modelling streamflow and phosphorus fluxes in the Lake of the Woods watershed6
Feeding ecology of Limnocalanus macrurus in the Laurentian Great Lakes6
Hydroclimatic variability across the international Lake of the Woods watershed: Implications for nutrient export and climate sensitivity6
Waxing and waning slacks: The changing ecohydrology of interdunal wetlands/slacks in a Lake Michigan coastal dune complex during rising Lake Michigan-Huron levels6
Crossing boundaries between science and policy: Two case studies illustrate the importance of boundary organizations in the Great Lakes Basin6
Evaluation of post-stocking dispersal and mortality of juvenile lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Ontario using acoustic telemetry6
Seasonal variation in trophic structure and restoration effects in a deep perialpine lake (Lake Lugano, Switzerland and Italy)6
Foredune dynamics at a Lake Michigan site during rising and high lake levels6
Economic viability of proactive harmful algal bloom mitigation through attached algal growth6
Heatwaves and storms contribute to degraded water quality conditions in the nearshore of Lake Ontario6
Lake Superior herring gulls benefit from anthropogenic food subsidies in a prey–impoverished aquatic environment6
Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario6
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