Fire Safety Journal

Article	Citations
A study of the characteristics of smoke stratification in lateral point smoke exhaust tunnel	85
A systematic review focused on the identification and assessment of fire financial costs in buildings	71
Containment and suppression of compartment fires using specialized liquid compositions	63
A pre-evacuation study using data from evacuation drills and false alarm evacuations in a university library	55
Exploring single-line walking in immersive virtual reality	43
A two-zone subgrid flame model for predicting radiant emission from fires	42
Fire Risk Assessment in railway tunnels based on human safety assessment criteria in Korea	41
Surrogate based uncertainty quantification in pyrolysis modeling: A comparative analysis	41
Inverse modelling of pyrolization kinetics with ensemble learning methods	40
Assessment of a PAH-based soot production model in laminar coflow methane diffusion flames doped by gasoline surrogate fuels	38
Deep-learning-based data loss reconstruction for spatiotemporal temperature in piloti structures: Enhancing applicability with limited datasets	37
Numerical modelling of composite steel and concrete double-skin and double-tube square cross-section columns subjected to fire	36
Economic analysis of fire and rescue service activities: A scoping review	33
Strength of thin-walled steel beams under non-uniform temperature: Analytical and machine learning models	32
The role of smoldering in the ignition of Pinus palustris needles	32
High-performance real-time fire detection and forecasting framework for industrial cables	31
Physics-based model for the charring of wood in timber compartment fires	31
On the use of natural and forced convection correlations in predictive CFD simulations of liquid pool fires	31
Flame heights and charring on a particle board – An experimental study	31
The response of diagrid structures to fire	30
Editorial Board	30
Laypeople in fire protection: Their motivation, their emotions, their value	30
Numerical analysis of the behaviour of a concrete floor in a steel-framed structure subject to a traveling fire	29
Influence of different transverse positions of two fires on flame characteristics in a tunnel	29
Fire propagation in a mechanically ventilated multi-compartment facility: OECD/NEA project PRISME 3	28

Development of a fire prediction model at the urban planning stage: Ordinary least squares regression analysis of the area of urban land use and fire damage data in South Korea	28
Numerical design calculation of bolted lap joints at elevated temperatures	28
Simple consideration of second-order effects in the calculation of RC column fire resistance	28
Laboratory quantification of firebrand generation from WUI fuels for model development	28
The use of machine learning for accidental dwelling fire prevention	28
Online experiments and regression analysis of evacuation decisions in response to fire alarms	27
Oscillatory combustion phenomenon in mechanically ventilated enclosure with propane gas fire	27
Experimental study on the characteristics of minimum ignition energy and quenching distance for hydrogen/ammonia-blends in air	27
B number for near-limit steady laminar diffusion flames over a solid surface	27
Experimental investigation of downward discrete flame spread of the thermoplastic material in exterior insulation walls: melt-flowing and -dripping	27
Fire hazards of PMMA-based composites combined with expandable graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive study	26
Experimental study on fire spread behavior of single 110 kV cable under different layout conditions	26
First responders' perceived and actual competence in tunnel fire safety	26
Validation of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) model for fire scenarios with two liquid pool fires in multiple compartments	26
IAFSS workshop on education 2023 – Perspectives on the need for competence in fire safety engineering	26
Fire safety risks of external living walls and implications for regulatory guidance in England	25
How do passengers’ psychological conditions and behavioral conditions change in metro fire evacuation: An online questionnaire-based experiment	25
Experimental investigation on galvanized steel elements at elevated temperature	24
Characteristics of water film flow on a vertical glass surface and its control of temperature rise in the glass	24
Numerical model of heat transfer for protected steel beam with cavity under ISO 834 standard fire	24
BP neural network-based adaptive spatial-temporal data generation technology for predicting ceiling temperature in tunnel fire and full-scale experimental verification	24
Development of a novel subgrid combustion model for buoyant turbulent diffusion flames	24
An open-source software framework for the integrated simulation of structures in fire	24
Intrusive and non-intrusive uncertainty quantification methodologies for pyrolysis modeling	24
The effectiveness of filter material for respiratory protection worn by wildland firefighters	23
Effect of N2 and CO2 on explosion behavior of hydrogen-air mixtures in non-premixed state	23
Development of design equations for ultra-high strength steel CHS columns under transient fire conditions considering thermal creep and axial restraint effects	23
Circular RC columns wrapped with PBO-FRCM and CFRP strengthening systems in a standard fire	22
Locating people in tunnels using Wi-Fi technology	22
Editorial Board	22
Effect of ventilation on carbon monoxide and soot particles emissions in a confined and mechanically-ventilated fire	22
Influence of carbon fibre orientation and heat flux on the thermomechanical response of CFRP using small-scale apparatus	22
Inhibition of fire suppressants on the CO removal over ceria-supported transition metal catalysts	22
Systems thinking in road tunnel safety: Feasibility of evacuation shelters for single-tube road tunnels	22
Quantifying rare events in spotting: How far do wildfires spread?	22
A pyrolysis model for the thermal decomposition of low-density polyethylene blended with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol	22
LLM and VR empowering the building fire safety training: performance comparison between virtual reality and video-based methods	21
Performance fire tests on building external walls made of sandwich panels	21
Simulation of the December 2021 Marshall fire with a hybrid stochastic Lagrangian-cellular automata model	21
Corrigendum to “New approach to estimate temperatures in pre-flashover fires: Lumped heat case” [Fire Safe. J. 72 (2015) 77-86]	21
Analytical formulations with experimental validation for determining the incident heat flux from firefronts	21
Corrigendum to “Causal Network Topology Analysis (CaNeTA) as a tool for risk assessment in fire safety engineering” [Fire Saf. J. 140, (2023) 103880]	21
Experimental method for studying the effects of elevated temperature in adhesives used in laminated Mass Timber	21
Social cognitive determinants of fire safe behaviour in older adults	20
Study on the fire characteristics of the compartment with two opposing openings under external sideward wind	20
Numerical analysis of the performance of a PID-controlled air curtain for fire-induced smoke confinement in a tunnel configuration	20
DSM-based prediction of lateral-torsional failure of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams at elevated Temperatures: Influence of the constitutive model	20
Use of an electric heater as an idealized firebrand to determine ignition delay time of Eucalyptus globulus leaves	20
Numerical simulation of the action of fire-induced wind on wildfire behaviour	19
Fire propagating laterally over a slope with and without an embedded canyon	19

Ignition thresholds and initiation of pyrolysis from high flux exposures	19
Multi-objective optimization of structural fire design	19
Progressive collapse behavior of geometrically similar RC frames at ambient and elevated temperatures	19
Experimental investigation on flame geometry and downstream heat flux from diffusion flames on inclined fuel surface under sub-atmospheric pressures	19
Shear resistance of headed studs in modern profiled steel sheeting transverse to supporting beams under elevated temperature	19
Experimental study on thermo-hydro-mechanical responses of concrete plates subjected to in-plane compressive loading and one-side heating	19
Experimental study on the inertization of wood-based biomass with solid inerts	19
Impact of smoke control on caregivers' perception and behavioral responses during assisted evacuation at small-scale older people's welfare facilities: A non-interactive VR experiment with free naviga	19
Clarification to 2010 paper “Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires”, by Li, Lei, and Ingason	19
The influence of feedback and convection on imposed heating conditions when using gas-fired radiant panels in fire testing	19
An experimental study of compressed air foam (CAF) protection for ignitable liquid spill fires	19
The effect of thermal creep on the fire resistance of steel columns	18
Optimising the inherent fire capacity of structures	18
Numerical investigation on the inhibition effect of HBr in stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixtures on head-on flame quenching (HoQ)	18
Early fire evolution and alarm characteristics of cable fires in long and narrow spaces	18
Towards predictive engineering-type simulations of upward flame spread in SBI scenarios	18
Sensitivity study of measured wooden board thermal properties on solid heat transfer model predictions	18
Combustion inhibition of biomass charcoal using slaked lime and dolime slurries	18
Experimental study of the burning behavior of small-scale n-heptane pool fires enhanced by use of immersed thermally conductive thin plates	18
Decay and residual burning in mass timber enclosures	18
An engineering model for the pyrolysis of materials	18
Upward flame spread of flame-retardant cables with different ATH contents: Ignition, swelling, melting and flowing	18
Effects of applied AC electric fields on flame spread over inclined polyethylene-insulated electrical wire with Cu-core	17
Strategies for fire-fighting in underventilated compartments: Reducing the likelihood and severity of a potential backdraught	17
Structural performance of steel automated rack-supported warehouses under fire	17
Pyrolysis front tracking using the spectral fluorescence signature of PMMA	17
Rheological properties of solutions of fluorine-free foams	17
Numerical study of the impact of global mechanisms in LES of propane pool fire using the EDC - finite-rate chemistry approach	17
Field evacuation experiment in a long inclined tunnel	17
Large-scale calorimetry time response characterization and correction	16
Editorial Board	16
A survey of commercial intumescent coating performance – contribution to the fire resistance of structural steel according to EN 13381 and BS 476	16
Blowoff mechanism of airburst blast extinguishment of a methane air jet diffusion flame with micro explosive	16
Extinguishment of a transformer fire with a long projection water mist system	16
Formation mechanism and microstructural analysis of blistering marks on overcurrent copper wires	16
Analysis of spatial and design factors for users' acceptance of rescue rooms in road tunnels: An exploratory study using Virtual Reality	16
Influences of chord pre-stress on CHS X-joints with high-strength-steel at various temperatures	16
A quantitative assessment model of the ignition probability of leaked flammable liquids on hot surfaces in aircraft under still air combining causal diagram and experimental data	16
Fire resistance and associated failure modes of axially restrained hollow core slabs	15
CFD-based analysis of deviations between thermocouple measurements and local gas temperatures during the cooling phase of compartment fires	15
Radiative properties of firefighter helmets: Effect of color and soot deposition on thermal performance	15
Inhibition mechanism of CHF3 on hydrogen–oxygen combustion: Insights from reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations	15
Analytical investigation and parametric study on the fire behavior of glulam bolted beam-to-column connections based on the quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics model	15
Analysis of utility wildfire risk assessments and mitigations in California	15
Elevated-temperature mechanical properties of high-strength structural steels over 500 MPa under transient state conditions	15
Mechanical properties and constitutive model of Q690 steel in the fire-cooling stage	15
Novel preparation method and fire performance study of EPS composites based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate	15
Evaluation of angular resolution requirements in the finite-volume-method solution of the radiative transfer equation	14
Experimental investigation of soot and radiation characteristics in ethylene/propane buoyant diffusion flames	14
Ignition and combustion behavior of pressure treated wood and wood-plastic composite exposed to glowing firebrand piles: Impact of air flow velocity, firebrand coverage density and pile orientation	14
A fire alarm judgment method using multiple smoke alarms based on Bayesian estimation	14
Coherent laser ranging of deforming objects in fires at sub-millimeter precision	14
Predicting the capacity of thin-walled beams at elevated temperature with machine learning	14
Quantifying the heat release from char oxidation in timber	14
Corrigendum to “Laboratory quantification of firebrand generation from WUI fuels for model development” [Fire Saf. J. 141 (2023) 103921]	14
Flame characteristics and heat flux profile of a tank surface caused by horizontal gas leak jet fire impingement	14
Cell-level thermal runaway behavior of large-format Li-ion pouch cells	14
Towards real-time heart health monitoring in firefighting using convolutional neural networks	14
Large-eddy simulation of a full-scale glove box fire	14
Numerical assessment of castellated stainless steel columns under axial compression and high temperatures	13
Numerical simulation of fire spread in a large-scale open CLT compartment	13
Analysis of the influence of exhaust vent leakage on the efficiency of tunnel smoke evacuation	13
Downward opposed flame spread response to non-steady airflow	13
Design of stochastic trigger boundaries for rural communities evacuating from a wildfire	13
Measuring firebrand heat flux with a thin-skin calorimeter	13
Evaluation of FDS scaling-pyrolysis model in predicting ignition, self-extinguishment and heat release contribution in timber compartments	13
Buoyancy effects on combustion products from high-pressure hydrogen jet flames	13
Assessment of pre-warning, pre-travel and travel behavior interactions with smoke and toxic gases during fire incidents	13
Human response to fire exposure: Physiological, cognitive and movement response under sub-incapacitating levels of hypoxia, hypercapnia and CO saturation	13
Stochastic modeling of the flight of embers ejected from an ember dragon	13
Experimental and numerical investigation on the combustion behavior of densified wood: Differences among wood species and impact of char oxidation	13
Computational analysis of flame spreads over alcohol fuel at sub-flash temperatures using multi-step chemistry	13
A multi-GA-BPNN fusion algorithm and full-scale experimental verification for fire warning in the underground pipe gallery	13
Flame-retardant wire burning behavior by jet flame heating: Ignition, charring, and secondary flame spread	13
Basalt fibre reinforced polymer bars as main reinforcement of axially compressed concrete column – experimental and numerical considerations of fire resistance	13
Burning rate of elevated pool fire in a well-ventilated compartment: Effects of radiative heat fluxes	13
Model uncertainty in a parametric fire curve approach: A stochastic correction factor for the compartment fire load density	13
Beyond the worst-case scenario: Inconsistencies in dust flammability parameter determination for organic solid fuels	13
Effect of nano-aluminum hydroxide on the liquid phase properties and fire-fighting foam performance of the mixed surfactants solution	12
Limiting lip-height of pool fires	12

Comparative study on the inhibition effect of three inhibitors on the flame propagation of aluminum alloy dust cloud	12
Effects of load rate, heating rate, and creep on the ultimate strength and rupture of A416 7-wire strand at elevated temperature	12
Effects of longitudinal wind and sidewall restriction on downstream radiative heat flux and temperature rise distribution in tunnel fires	12
Experimental study of dynamics of flames from discrete methanol fuel wicks in ullages	12
Corrigendum to “Simulation of a premixed explosion of gas vented during Li-ion battery failure” [Fire Saf. J. 126 (2021) 103478]	12
Editorial Board	12
Assessing the performance of pedestrian stoop evacuation under height constraints with different motivations	12
Reaction-to-fire performance of vertical laminated toughened glass panels with different inter-layer materials when exposed to an external heat flux	12
Design fire scenarios for hazard assessment of modern battery electric and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles	12
Corrigendum to “Quantification of a safety target for an underground CNG bus terminal in Stockholm” [Fire Saf. J. 104 (2019) 57–66]	12
Research on the aerosol identification method for the fire smoke detection in aircraft cargo compartment	12
Association of walking speed with psychological state: An experiment in smoke-filled full-scale tunnel	12
Integrated fire resistance analysis of concrete-filled steel tube columns under standard Fire: Design standards, simulations, and experimental validation	12
Editorial Board	12
Can additive carbon nanotubes reduce the PMMA fire risk?	12
Influence of upstream blockage on smoke control in tunnel fires	12
Fire resistance of existing steel structures with aged intumescent coating based on an in situ test method	12
Experimental investigation of influencing factors in lightning-induced ignition of needles	12
Quantifying the controlling mechanisms of opposed flow flame spread: Influence of orientation, material, and external heating	12
Combustion characteristics of nonuniform methane-air mixtures in the duct	12
Thermal decomposition of vegetative fuels and the impact of measured variations on simulations of wildfire spread	12
Measurement dynamics and data treatment in fire testing	12
A novel historical data-based method for predicting firefighters demand in urban fires	12
Intumescence: past, present and future	12
Shrinkage characteristics of glass and mineral fibre insulation materials at elevated temperatures	12
Fast moving smoldering fronts in thin liquid fuel films dispersed on inert porous media	12
Modelling the probability of smouldering ignition of vegetation from hot metal particles ejected by power lines	12
Development of real-scale transformer fire test technology and evaluation of a solid aerosol-based fire suppression system	11
A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in large outdoor fires and the built environment	11
Effect of mixing ratio on smoldering rate for wood-plastic mixture materials	11
Experimental investigation on the post-fire mechanical properties and charring rate of inorganic-bonded bamboo composite exposed to fire	11
Towards modeling tree-to-tree fire spread in wildland urban-interface (WUI) fires	11
Fire resistance of gypsum-sheathed stud walls with an embedded steel door: Validation of a numerical approach	11
Fire From Volcanic Activity: Quantifying the threat from an understudied hazard	11
Quantifying the expected utility of fire tests and experiments before execution	11
Opposed flame spread over a thermally-thin charring material under varied flow velocities and ambient pressures in a narrow channel apparatus	11
Investigating movement through smoke in virtual reality	11
An experimental and numerical study of fire and plume characteristics of pool fires fueled by diesel-canola oil mixture	11
Uncertainties in the use of oxygen consumption calorimetry for heat release measurements in lithium-ion battery fires	11
The role of moisture on the flame extinction potential of Cross-laminated Timber	11
Method of measuring the temperature of wood exposed to fire with type K thermocouples	11
Effect of structural characteristics on charring shrinkage and cracking of densified wood under radiative heatings	11
Impact of fuel moisture on chaparral emissions under flaming and smoldering conditions	11
Modeling smoldering ignition by an irradiation spot	10
Modeling longitudinal ventilation in tunnels using fire dynamics simulator	10
Experimental study of a travelling fire along a cable tray assembly in a mechanically ventilated enclosure	10
Study on inhibition effect and mechanism of micron and nano Al(OH)3 powders on deflagration flame of poplar dust	10
A new proposal for the design of laterally unrestrained cellular steel beams under moment gradient at elevated temperatures	10
Combustion characteristics and fire hazard assessment of small-scale pool fires in increased oxygen concentration	10
Transportation of wind-smoke flow in full-scale laneway fire experiments	10
A Bayesian analysis of domestic fire response and fire injury	10
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water spray interaction with smoke in a confined and a mechanically-ventilated enclosure fire	10
An empirical firebrand pile heat flux model	10
Ignition and flashover of reduced scale compartments with timber ceilings	10
The performance of vertically perforated clay block masonry in fire tests predicted by a finite-element model including an energy-based criterion to identify spalling	10
Experimental study on trajectory flame length and axial temperature distribution of inclined turbulent jet flames	10
Fire resistance evaluation of gypsum plasterboard walls using machine learning method	10
Modelling and effects of fuel radiation in methanol pool fires	10
Fire control and self-extinguishment by blocking smoke flow with water spray in a tunnel fire	10
A scoping review and bibliometric analysis of methods for fire evacuation training in buildings	10
Experimental study on thermal conditions affecting smouldering behaviour of CCA-treated wood using fire propagation apparatus	10
The influence of experimental conditions on the mass loss for TGA in fire safety science	10
Experimental study to assess the impact of different connection types on the fire resistance of composite concrete-topped CLT slabs	10
Fire extinguishment tests of electric vehicles in an open sided enclosure	10
Numerical investigation of the influence of thermal runaway modelling on car park fire hazard and application to a Lithium-ion Manganese Oxide battery	10
Hybrid fire testing of concrete-filled steel tube columns: A large-scale experimental and numerical investigation	10
Influence of laps on the behaviour of a composite slab under membrane action in fire	10
Investigation of the impact of nitrogen and water vapor dilution in oxidizer stream on flame structure, soot production and extinction of a laminar ethylene-fueled co-flow diffusion flame	10
Residual compressive strength of concrete after exposure to high temperatures: A review and probabilistic models	10
Validation of the extended COCOSYS cable fire model based on a generic FLASH-CAT approach	10