Fire Safety Journal

Article	Citations
An experimental study of the behavior of 3D printed concrete at elevated temperatures	54
Mechanical properties of stainless-clad bimetallic steel bars exposed to elevated temperatures	53
Evacuation decision-making and behavior in wildfires: Past research, current challenges and a future research agenda	52
Experimental investigation of water spray on suppressing lithium-ion battery fires	50
Developing and validating evacuation models for fire safety engineering	49
Progress on the research of fire behavior and fire protection of lithium ion battery	47
Effect of discarded steel fibers on impact resistance, flexural toughness and fracture energy of high-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperatures	47
A review of near-limit opposed fire spread	46
Real-time forecast of compartment fire and flashover based on deep learning	45
Analysis of Chinese fire statistics during the period 1997–2017	41
Deep learning based inverse model for building fire source location and intensity estimation	35
Comparison of Pyrolysis Properties of Extruded and Cast Poly(methyl methacrylate)	35
Evolution of fire models for estimating structural fire-resistance	31
Fire dynamics in mass timber compartments	30
Inhibition of hydrogen–oxygen/air gaseous detonations using CF3I, H2O, and CO2	30
Analysis of effectiveness of suppression of lithium ion battery fires with a clean agent	30
Simulation of a premixed explosion of gas vented during Li-ion battery failure	29
Experimental study of fire damage to reinforced concrete tunnel slabs	29
Detecting concealed fire sources in coalfield fires: An application study	29
Evaluation of geomorphometric characteristics and soil properties after a wildfire using Sentinel-2 MSI imagery for future fire-safe forest	28
P-Flash – A machine learning-based model for flashover prediction using recovered temperature data	28
Montmorillonite-catalyzed furfurylated wood for flame retardancy	28
Prediction of the onset of thermal runaway and its thermal hazards in 18650 lithium-ion battery abused by external heating	27
Experimental study of back-layering length and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire with various rectangular cross-sections	27
A self-attention network for smoke detection	26

Real-time fire detection system based on dynamic time warping of multichannel sensor networks	26
Numerical investigation on the effect of ambient pressure on mechanical smoke extraction efficiency in tunnel fires	25
Rapid prediction of mine tunnel fire smoke movement with machine learning and supercomputing techniques	25
Localized heat transfer from firebrands to surfaces	25
Processing and cooling effects on post-fire mechanical properties of high strength structural steels	24
Suppression effect of porous media on natural gas explosion in utility tunnels	24
Effect of firebrand size and geometry on heating from a smoldering pile under wind	24
BP neural network-based adaptive spatial-temporal data generation technology for predicting ceiling temperature in tunnel fire and full-scale experimental verification	24
Evacuation elevators in an underground metro station: A Virtual Reality evacuation experiment	23
The combined effect of a water mist system and longitudinal ventilation on the fire and smoke dynamics in a tunnel	23
Bridge fires in the 21st century: A literature review	23
Analysis of overload induced arc formation and beads characteristics in a residential electrical cable	22
Inertant effects and mechanism of Al(OH)3 powder on polyethylene dust explosions based on flame propagation behavior and thermal analysis	22
An adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for fire source identification of the utility tunnel fire	22
Development of a machine-learning approach for identifying the stages of fire development in residential room fires	22
Fire tests with lithium-ion battery electric vehicles in road tunnels	22
Identifying the criterion for discrete flame spread over single-row birch rods	21
Facile synthesis of a reactive P/N/S-containing compound toward highly effective flame retardancy of epoxy resin with high transparency and improved mechanical strength	21
Mechanical properties of hot-rolled structural steels at elevated Temperatures：A review	21
A comparative study on the bottleneck pedestrian flow under different movement motivations	21
Theoretical and numerical study on influence of wind on mass loss rates of heptane pool fires at different scales	21
Experimental investigation on fire resistance of high-strength concrete encased steel composite columns	21
Co-pyrolysis characteristics and flammability of polylactic acid and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic blend using TG, temperature-dependent FTIR, Py-GC/MS and cone calorimeter analyses	21
Ignition of wildland fuels by idealized firebrands	21
A comparative study of the explosion behaviors of H2 and C2H4 with air, N2O and O2	21
Compatibility of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) with sea water	20
Investigation of the thermal stability and fire behavior of high performance polymer: A case study of polyimide	20
Fires in waste facilities: Challenges and solutions from a Scandinavian perspective	20
Conceptual framework for quantifying fire resilience – A new perspective on fire safety performance of buildings	20
Assessment of thermal properties of various types of high-strength steels at elevated temperatures	20
Temperature measurement of a turbulent buoyant ethylene diffusion flame using a dual-thermocouple technique	20
Hydrodynamic analysis and flame pulsation of continuously spilling fire spread over n-butanol fuel under different slope angles	20
Dripping behavior effects on flame propagation along electrical wires under high currents	20
Fire resistance and burnout resistance of timber columns	19
Evaluation of image fire detection algorithms based on image complexity	19
A correction method for thermal disturbances induced by thermocouples in a low-conductivity charring material	19
Experimental study on thermal runaway behaviors of 18650 li-ion battery under enclosed and ventilated conditions	19
Application of ultra-fine dry chemicals modified by POTS/OBS for suppressing aviation kerosene pool fire	19
Flame extinction and burning behaviour of timber under varied oxygen concentrations	19
Passive fire protection of wood using some bio-derived fire retardants	18
Experimental study of flame spread underneath photovoltaic (PV) modules	18
Full-scale experimental study on suppressing lithium-ion battery pack fires from electric vehicles	18
Multi-parameter fire detection method based on feature depth extraction and stacking ensemble learning model	18
Comparative experimental study of fire resistance of two-way restrained and unrestrained precast concrete composite slabs	18
Aerogel incorporated flexible nonwoven fabric for thermal protective clothing	18
Residual bond strengths of epoxy and cement-bonded CFRP reinforcements to concrete interfaces after elevated temperature exposure	18
Vegetation as an indicator of underground smoldering fire on coal-waste dumps	18
Experimental study on fire spread over discrete fuel bed-Part I: Effects of packing ratio	18
The characteristics of a 1 m methanol pool fire	17
Fire hazard potential of non-metallic powder layers induced by deposit surfaces	17

Estimation of effective coverage rate of fire station services based on real-time travel times	17
Thermal analysis of steel decking concrete slabs in case of fire	17
Learning from fire investigations and research – A Norwegian perspective on moving from a reactive to a proactive fire safety management	17
Effects of ullage height on heat feedback and combustion emission mechanisms of heptane pool fires	17
A full-scale experimental study on single dwelling burning behavior of informal settlement	17
A scoping review and bibliometric analysis of methods for fire evacuation training in buildings	17
Extinguishing the dripping flame by acoustic wave	17
Time dependent contribution of char oxidation and flame heat feedback on the mass loss rate of timber	16
Simulations of the coupling between combustion and radiation in a turbulent line fire using an unsteady flamelet model	16
More on methods to measure the energetics of lithium ion batteries in thermal runaway	16
Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology	16
The wildland fire system and challenges for engineering	16
Theoretical studies on buoyancy-driven ceiling jets of tunnel fires with natural ventilation	16
Data-driven investigations of using social media to aid evacuations amid Western United States wildfire season	16
Merging dynamics of dual parallel linear diffusion flames	16
Numerical study on effect of relative humidity (and fuel moisture) on modes of grassfire propagation	15
Transitional flame-spread and fuel-regression behaviors under the change of concurrent wind	15
RGB image-based hybrid model for automatic prediction of flashover in compartment fires	15
Experimental study on burning rates of large-scale hydrocarbon pool fires under controlled wind conditions	15
Numerical study of the combustion regimes in naturally-vented compartment fires	15
Dynamic estimation system for fire station service areas based on travel time data	15
Elderly about home fire safety: A qualitative study into home fire safety knowledge and behaviour	15
Semi-empirical model for estimating the heat release rate required for flashover in compartments with thermally-thin boundaries and ultra-fast fires	15
Effect of wind speed and direction on facade fire spread in an isolated rectangular building	15
Fire behaviour of composite materials using kerosene burner tests at small-scales	15
Thermal behavior of composite slabs with closed profiled steel decking and recycled aggregate concrete in fire	15
Ventilation effects on the thermal characteristics of fire spread modes in open-plan compartment fires	15
Burnout resistance of concrete slabs: Probabilistic assessment and global resistance factor calibration	15
Detailed physical modeling of wildland fire dynamics at field scale - An experimentally informed evaluation	14
From smoldering to flaming fire: Different modes of transition	14
Principles for Monte Carlo agent-based evacuation simulations including occupants who need assistance. From RSET to RiSET	14
Considerations on computational modeling of concrete structures in fire	14
Approach for early-warning collapse of double-span steel portal frames induced by fire	14
Stress–strain–temperature relationship for concrete	14
Alone or with others: Experiments on evacuation decision making	14
Early indoor occluded fire detection based on firelight reflection characteristics	14
Structural behavior of FRP connector enabled precast geopolymer concrete sandwich panels subjected to one-side fire exposure	14
A comprehensive evaluation of the WSGG model for air- and oxy-fuel combustion conditions through three-dimensional calculations	14
Experimental study on trajectory flame length and axial temperature distribution of inclined turbulent jet flames	14
Investigation of the role of bulk properties and in-bed structure in the flow regime of buoyancy-dominated flame spread in porous fuel beds	14
Analysis of the effectiveness of the smoke alarm obligation – Experiences from practice	14
A pre-evacuation study using data from evacuation drills and false alarm evacuations in a university library	14
An evacuation model validation data-set for high-rise construction sites	13
Experimental study on mechanical properties of Q690D high strength steel during the cooling stage of fire	13
Why are cooktop fires so hazardous?	13
Practical skills training in enclosure fires: An experimental study with cadets and firefighters using CAVE and HMD-based virtual training simulators	13
Thermal insulation performance and char formation and degradation mechanisms of boron-containing hydrocarbon intumescent coatings	13
Experimental study of the walking behavior of crowds mixed with slow-speed pedestrians as an introductory study of elderly-mixed evacuation crowds	13
Flammability trends for a comprehensive array of cladding materials	13
Firefighter neural function and decision-making following rapid heat stress	13
Shear Behavior of Lapped Connections Bolted by thread-fixed one-side bolts at elevated temperatures	13
Adequate fire safety for structural steel elements based upon life-time cost optimization	13
Impact of air intake position on fire dynamics in mechanically ventilated compartment	13
Automatic real-time fire distance, size and power measurement driven by stereo camera and deep learning	13
Compressive stress-strain relationship for stressed concrete at high temperatures	13
Radiative transfer calculations in fire simulations: An assessment of different gray gas models using the software FDS	13
Experimental research on the thermal characteristic of low-voltage alternating current (AC) arc faults	13
Simulation based analysis of electrical fire risks caused by poor electric contact between plug and receptacle	13
Structural safety assessment of concrete tunnel lining subjected to fire	13
Application of bug navigation algorithms for large-scale agent-based evacuation modeling to support decision making	12
Physicochemical features of the effect of special water-based fire retardants on forest materials	12
Formation and detection of hydrogen fluoride gas during fire fighting scenarios	12
Large scale fire test: The development of a travelling fire in open ventilation conditions and its influence on the surrounding steel structure	12
A simple model for predicting the smoke spread length during a fire in a shallow urban road tunnel with roof openings under natural ventilation	12
A CFD study of the effects of pipe bending angle on pressure piling in coal dust explosions in interconnected vessels	12
Structural response of fire-exposed laminated glass beams under sustained loads; exploratory experiments and FE-Simulations	12
Numerical study on fire resistance of rectangular section stainless steel-concrete composite beam	12
Fire load and fire growth characteristics in modern high-rise buildings	12
Pool fire burning characteristics and risks under wind-free conditions: State-of-the-art	12
Influence of ply configuration and adhesive type on cross-laminated timber in flexure at elevated temperatures	12
The cooling phase, a key factor in the post-fire performance of RC columns	12
The response of an ethanol pool fire to transverse acoustic waves	12
A review of firebrand studies on generation and transport	12
Fire tests and thermal analyses of LSF walls insulated with silica aerogel fibreglass blanket	12
Implications of data smoothing on experimental mass loss rates	12
Influence of heating conditions and initial thickness on the effectiveness of thin intumescent coatings	12
Experimental study on flaming ignition of pine needles by simulated lightning discharge	12
Identifying the attributes of a profession in the practice and regulation of fire safety engineering	12
Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases models for non-gray thermal radiation of hydrocarbon fuel vapors, CH4, CO and soot	12
Induced fire hazards by gasoline spills	12

An experimental investigation of burning rate and flame geometric parameters of tunnel fires under canyon cross wind and longitudinal ventilation	12
Tisova Fire Test – Fire behaviours and lessons learnt	12
Machine learning-based surrogate model for calibrating fire source properties in FDS models of façade fire tests	12
Combustion efficiency during fires in tunnels with natural ventilation by vitiated air including descending smoke	12
Framework for spatial incident-level wildfire risk modelling to residential structures at the wildland urban interface	12
Effect of foam air mixing on flame intensification -- comparative experimental study of foam and water sprays extinguishing transformer oil pool fire	11
Early fire evolution and alarm characteristics of cable fires in long and narrow spaces	11
A preliminary investigation to develop a semi-probabilistic model of informal settlement fire spread using B-RISK	11
Effect of fuel bed size and moisture on the flammability of Eucalyptus saligna leaves in cone calorimeter testing	11
Flame spread over polyethylene-insulated copper and stainless-steel wires at high pressure	11
Study on the effect of mist flux on water mist fire extinguishing	11
Determination of pyrolysis and combustion properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) using comprehensive modeling: Relating heat transfer to the intumescent char's porous structure	11
Analysis of combustion gases from large-scale electric vehicle fire tests	11
Human activity and demographics drive the fire regime in a highly developed European boreal region	11
Research on multi-detector real-time fire alarm technology based on signal similarity	11
Fire downwind a flat surface entering a canyon by lateral spread	11
Influence of lit emergency signs and illuminated settings on walking speeds in smoky corridors	11
Use of pre-charred surfaces to improve fire performance of wood	11
Preparation of a novel supramolecular intumescent flame retardants containing P/N/S/Fe/Zn and its application in polylactic acid	11
Parametric study of design fires for tunnels with water-based fire suppression systems	11
Mechanical behaviours of heat-damaged grouted sleeve connections	11
Research on the aerosol identification method for the fire smoke detection in aircraft cargo compartment	11
On a method to mitigate thermal runaway and propagation in packages of lithium ion batteries	11
Structural performance of concrete sandwich panels under fire	11
Experimental and numerical multi-scale study of spruce wood degradation under inert atmosphere	11
Burning behavior of mixed-convection wind-driven flames under varying freestream conditions	11
Experimental study on flame interaction and geometrical features of two identical fires on a slope	11
Performance of intumescent fire protection coatings applied to structural steel tension members with circular solid and hollow sections	11
Design method of fire-resistance capacity of reinforced-concrete-filled steel tube column under axial compression	11
Experimental investigation of structural failure during the cooling phase of a fire: Concrete columns	11
Determination of the critical conditions leading to the ignition of decking slabs by flaming firebrands	11
Thermal modelling of LSF floor-ceiling systems with varying configurations	11
Factors contributing to survival and evacuation in residential fires involving older adults in Sweden	11
Fuel moisture content threshold leading to fire extinction under marginal conditions	11
Propensity to self-heating ignition of open-circuit pouch lithium-ion battery pile on a hot boundary	11
Tactics, objectives, and choices: Building a fire risk index	10
Statistical uncertainty in bench-scale flammability tests	10
Lip-height effect in diffusive pool fires	10
Ignition/non-ignition phase transition: A new critical heat flux estimation method	10
Experimental and numerical study on the interaction of a water mist spray with a turbulent buoyant flame	10
Investigation of sidewall height effect on the burning rate and flame tilt characteristics of pool fire in cross wind	10
Multi-scale analysis of the under-ventilated combustion regime for the case of a fire event in a confined and mechanically ventilated compartment	10
Fuelbreak effectiveness against wind-driven and plume-dominated fires: A 3D numerical study	10
3DVSD: An end-to-end 3D convolutional object detection network for video smoke detection	10
Experimental investigation on maximum ceiling jet temperature generated by a vertically spreading cable fire	10
Extinguishing capability of novel ultra-fine dry chemical agents loaded with iron hydroxide oxide	10
Residual compressive strength of concrete after exposure to high temperatures: A review and probabilistic models	10
Mathematical modeling of nitrogen-pressurized Halon flow in fire extinguishing systems	10
The effect of fire location and the reverse stack on fire smoke transport in high-rise buildings	10
Experimental study and numerical simulation analysis of the fire resistance of high-strength steel columns with rectangular sections under axial compression	10
Intumescent polypropylene in extreme fire conditions	10
Effect of N2 and CO2 on explosion behavior of hydrogen-air mixtures in non-premixed state	10
Spatial metrics from LiDAR roof mapping for fire spread risk assessment of informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa	10
Experimental study on the effect of mechanical ventilation conditions and fire dynamics on the pressure evolution in an air-tight compartment	10
Ignition and burning of the composite sample impacted by the Bunsen burner flame: A fully coupled simulation	10
Identifying products of pyrolysis and combustion of materials at incipient stages of fires	10
When is the fire spreading and when it travels? – Numerical simulations of compartments with wood crib fire loads	9
The impact of water on firefighter protective clothing thermal performance and steam burn occurrence in firefighters	9
The effect of preheating on fire propagation on inclined wood by multi-spectrum and schlieren visualisation	9
Structural hazards of smouldering fires in timber buildings	9
Evacuating First Nations during wildfires in Canada	9
Effect of ammonium polyphosphate as synergist with nano silica dioxide on flammability of boron compound pretreated bamboo flour-HDPE composite	9
Application of travelling behaviour models for thermal responses in large compartment fires	9
Developing a framework for fire investigations in informal settlements	9
Search & rescue operations during interior firefighting: A study into crawling speeds	9
Experimental determination of lower flammability limits of Synthesized Iso-Paraffins (SIP), jet fuel and mixtures at atmospheric and reduced pressures with air	9
Pyrolysis model parameterization and fire growth prediction: The state of the art	9
Spatial modelling and mapping of urban fire occurrence in Portugal	9
An empirical model for lithium-ion battery fires for CFD applications	9
Thermo-mechanical analysis on shear behavior of grooved connectors for glulam-concrete composite beams under fire	9
Review of heat exposure equipment and in-situ characterisation techniques for intumescent coatings	9
A fire alarm judgment method using multiple smoke alarms based on Bayesian estimation	9
Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate on rust surface: Risk of low-temperature fire	9
The impact of crowd composition on egress performance	9
The effectiveness of filter material for respiratory protection worn by wildland firefighters	9
Fire performance of axially ductile connections in composite construction	8
Chemical structure of medium-scale liquid pool fires	8
Study of wood self-extinguishment with a double sliding cone calorimeter	8
Evaluation of flammability and smoke corrosivity of data/power cables used in data centers	8
Study on the fire extinguishing efficiency and mechanism of composite superfine dry powder containing ferrocene	8
Influence of fire heat release rate (HRR) evolutions on fire-induced pressure variations in air-tight compartments	8
Fire risk of dripping flame: Piloted ignition and soaking effect	8
Investigation into wind effects on fire spread on inclined wooden rods by multi-spectrum and schlieren imaging	8
Flame detection by heat from the infrared spectrum: Optimization and sensitivity analysis	8
Effects of longitudinal wind and sidewall restriction on downstream radiative heat flux and temperature rise distribution in tunnel fires	8
Simulating fire dynamics in multicomponent pool fires	8
Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in non-uniform hydrogen-air mixtures in an obstructed channel with different obstacle arrangements	8
Subgrid-scale fire front reconstruction for ensemble coupled atmosphere-fire simulations of the FireFlux I experiment	8
Fire performance of functionally-graded-material sheathed load bearing thin-walled structural framing	8
Quantifying rare events in spotting: How far do wildfires spread?	8
Experimental validation of a hybrid fire testing framework based on dynamic relaxation	8
Distributed fiber optic measurements of strain and temperature in long-span composite floor beams with simple shear connections subject to compartment fires	8
Tensile behavior of fully-grouted sleeve connection by natural cooling after elevated temperature	8
Forced convection fire spread along wooden dowel array	8
Experimental and numerical analysis of stainless steel cellular beams in fire	8