Fire Safety Journal

Article	Citations
A study of the characteristics of smoke stratification in lateral point smoke exhaust tunnel	75
A systematic review focused on the identification and assessment of fire financial costs in buildings	69
Containment and suppression of compartment fires using specialized liquid compositions	60
A two-zone subgrid flame model for predicting radiant emission from fires	47
Surrogate based uncertainty quantification in pyrolysis modeling: A comparative analysis	46
An experimental investigation of fire dynamics in large-diameter industrial exhaust ducts and development of a scaled testing approach	44
Inverse modelling of pyrolization kinetics with ensemble learning methods	44
A tale of systemic vulnerability - healthcare professionals’ understanding of burn victims	39
Structural fires and emergency response in New York City: A spatiotemporal analysis of fire incidence and severity	38
Sustainability and fire safety decisions in the design process: Overview and two Swedish building projects	37
Flame heights and charring on a particle board – An experimental study	35
Deep-learning-based data loss reconstruction for spatiotemporal temperature in piloti structures: Enhancing applicability with limited datasets	33
Plastic deformation and failure of TMCP S1100 ultrahigh-strength steel at elevated temperatures	33
Numerical modelling of composite steel and concrete double-skin and double-tube square cross-section columns subjected to fire	32
Economic analysis of fire and rescue service activities: A scoping review	32
The role of smoldering in the ignition of Pinus palustris needles	32
Assessment of a PAH-based soot production model in laminar coflow methane diffusion flames doped by gasoline surrogate fuels	32
Examination of entrainment, combustibility, and heat transfer due to cell venting inside simplified battery energy storage enclosures	30
Strength of thin-walled steel beams under non-uniform temperature: Analytical and machine learning models	30
Fire Risk Assessment in railway tunnels based on human safety assessment criteria in Korea	30
The response of diagrid structures to fire	29
High-performance real-time fire detection and forecasting framework for industrial cables	29
Editorial Board	29
Exploring single-line walking in immersive virtual reality	29
On the use of natural and forced convection correlations in predictive CFD simulations of liquid pool fires	29

Fire propagation in a mechanically ventilated multi-compartment facility: OECD/NEA project PRISME 3	28
Numerical analysis of the behaviour of a concrete floor in a steel-framed structure subject to a traveling fire	28
Timber pyrolysis in compartment Fires: A review of current CFD pyrolysis submodels limitations and atomistic-scale simulations capabilities and limitations	28
Influence of different transverse positions of two fires on flame characteristics in a tunnel	28
Experimental investigation of downward discrete flame spread of the thermoplastic material in exterior insulation walls: melt-flowing and -dripping	27
Laypeople in fire protection: Their motivation, their emotions, their value	27
Numerical design calculation of bolted lap joints at elevated temperatures	27
Simple consideration of second-order effects in the calculation of RC column fire resistance	27
Fire hazards of PMMA-based composites combined with expandable graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive study	27
Oscillatory combustion phenomenon in mechanically ventilated enclosure with propane gas fire	27
Laboratory quantification of firebrand generation from WUI fuels for model development	27
IAFSS workshop on education 2023 – Perspectives on the need for competence in fire safety engineering	27
B number for near-limit steady laminar diffusion flames over a solid surface	26
The use of machine learning for accidental dwelling fire prevention	26
First responders' perceived and actual competence in tunnel fire safety	25
Online experiments and regression analysis of evacuation decisions in response to fire alarms	25
Validation of the fire dynamics simulator (FDS) model for fire scenarios with two liquid pool fires in multiple compartments	25
Effect of ventilation on carbon monoxide and soot particles emissions in a confined and mechanically-ventilated fire	24
Quantifying rare events in spotting: How far do wildfires spread?	24
Development of a fire prediction model at the urban planning stage: Ordinary least squares regression analysis of the area of urban land use and fire damage data in South Korea	24
Opposed flame spread limit over PMMA rods in normal and micro gravity	23
Characteristics of water film flow on a vertical glass surface and its control of temperature rise in the glass	23
A reduced-order model for turbulence soot radiative emission interaction in non-premixed flames	23
Influence of carbon fibre orientation and heat flux on the thermomechanical response of CFRP using small-scale apparatus	23
Development of a novel subgrid combustion model for buoyant turbulent diffusion flames	23
Fire safety risks of external living walls and implications for regulatory guidance in England	23
An open-source software framework for the integrated simulation of structures in fire	23
Intrusive and non-intrusive uncertainty quantification methodologies for pyrolysis modeling	22
Numerical model of heat transfer for protected steel beam with cavity under ISO 834 standard fire	22
The effectiveness of filter material for respiratory protection worn by wildland firefighters	22
How do passengers’ psychological conditions and behavioral conditions change in metro fire evacuation: An online questionnaire-based experiment	22
Experimental tests on fire behaviour of roof covering systems	22
Experimental study on fire spread behavior of single 110 kV cable under different layout conditions	22
Experimental investigation on galvanized steel elements at elevated temperature	22
Development of design equations for ultra-high strength steel CHS columns under transient fire conditions considering thermal creep and axial restraint effects	21
Editorial Board	21
Circular RC columns wrapped with PBO-FRCM and CFRP strengthening systems in a standard fire	21
Effect of N2 and CO2 on explosion behavior of hydrogen-air mixtures in non-premixed state	21
Systems thinking in road tunnel safety: Feasibility of evacuation shelters for single-tube road tunnels	21
Inhibition of fire suppressants on the CO removal over ceria-supported transition metal catalysts	20
Analytical formulations with experimental validation for determining the incident heat flux from firefronts	20
Experimental investigation on flame geometry and downstream heat flux from diffusion flames on inclined fuel surface under sub-atmospheric pressures	20
Corrigendum to “Causal Network Topology Analysis (CaNeTA) as a tool for risk assessment in fire safety engineering” [Fire Saf. J. 140, (2023) 103880]	20
LLM and VR empowering the building fire safety training: performance comparison between virtual reality and video-based methods	20
Simulation of the December 2021 Marshall fire with a hybrid stochastic Lagrangian-cellular automata model	20
Locating people in tunnels using Wi-Fi technology	20
Corrigendum to “New approach to estimate temperatures in pre-flashover fires: Lumped heat case” [Fire Safe. J. 72 (2015) 77-86]	20
Social cognitive determinants of fire safe behaviour in older adults	20
DSM-based prediction of lateral-torsional failure of cold-formed steel lipped channel beams at elevated Temperatures: Influence of the constitutive model	19
Impact of smoke control on caregivers' perception and behavioral responses during assisted evacuation at small-scale older people's welfare facilities: A non-interactive VR experiment with free naviga	19

Experimental study on the inertization of wood-based biomass with solid inerts	19
Numerical simulation of the action of fire-induced wind on wildfire behaviour	18
Thermo-mechanical response of low-cement concrete under sustained loading during fire and cooling exposure	18
The landscape of complexity in fire safety design of buildings	18
Fire propagating laterally over a slope with and without an embedded canyon	17
Experimental method for studying the effects of elevated temperature in adhesives used in laminated Mass Timber	17
A comparison of photoacoustic and grayscale measurements of soot deposition on surfaces	17
Modeling sodium bicarbonate powder extinguishment in a cup burner	17
Use of an electric heater as an idealized firebrand to determine ignition delay time of Eucalyptus globulus leaves	17
Progressive collapse behavior of geometrically similar RC frames at ambient and elevated temperatures	17
Performance fire tests on building external walls made of sandwich panels	17
Numerical analysis of the performance of a PID-controlled air curtain for fire-induced smoke confinement in a tunnel configuration	17
Multi-objective optimization of structural fire design	17
A pyrolysis model for the thermal decomposition of low-density polyethylene blended with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol	17
An experimental study of compressed air foam (CAF) protection for ignitable liquid spill fires	17
Improvement of the modelling of the ignition by implementation of the Flux-Time Product criterion in FDS. Comparison with experimental data on wood using a multi-scale approach	17
Shear resistance of headed studs in modern profiled steel sheeting transverse to supporting beams under elevated temperature	16
Experimental study on thermo-hydro-mechanical responses of concrete plates subjected to in-plane compressive loading and one-side heating	16
The wildfire problem – a path forward	16
Decay and residual burning in mass timber enclosures	16
Upward flame spread of flame-retardant cables with different ATH contents: Ignition, swelling, melting and flowing	16
Clarification to 2010 paper “Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires”, by Li, Lei, and Ingason	16
Structural fire performance of modified steel shipping containers for modular buildings	16
An engineering model for the pyrolysis of materials	16
The fire safety strategy	16
Ignition thresholds and initiation of pyrolysis from high flux exposures	16
The influence of feedback and convection on imposed heating conditions when using gas-fired radiant panels in fire testing	16
Experimental study of the burning behavior of small-scale n-heptane pool fires enhanced by use of immersed thermally conductive thin plates	16
Experimental evaluation of e-scooters and batteries fires: thermal behaviour and risk of propagation	16
Structural performance of steel automated rack-supported warehouses under fire	15
Strategies for fire-fighting in underventilated compartments: Reducing the likelihood and severity of a potential backdraught	15
Effects of applied AC electric fields on flame spread over inclined polyethylene-insulated electrical wire with Cu-core	15
Rheological properties of solutions of fluorine-free foams	15
High-speed thermal imaging of disk-shaped firebrands in a wind tunnel	15
Pyrolysis front tracking using the spectral fluorescence signature of PMMA	15
Sensitivity study of measured wooden board thermal properties on solid heat transfer model predictions	15
Field evacuation experiment in a long inclined tunnel	15
The effect of thermal creep on the fire resistance of steel columns	15
Numerical study of the impact of global mechanisms in LES of propane pool fire using the EDC - finite-rate chemistry approach	15
Optimising the inherent fire capacity of structures	15
Towards predictive engineering-type simulations of upward flame spread in SBI scenarios	15
Combustion inhibition of biomass charcoal using slaked lime and dolime slurries	15
Numerical investigation on the inhibition effect of HBr in stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixtures on head-on flame quenching (HoQ)	15
Large-scale calorimetry time response characterization and correction	14
Suppressing underground peat fire and smoldering spread via water, ice, dry ice, and liquid nitrogen	14
A quantitative assessment model of the ignition probability of leaked flammable liquids on hot surfaces in aircraft under still air combining causal diagram and experimental data	14
CFD-based analysis of deviations between thermocouple measurements and local gas temperatures during the cooling phase of compartment fires	14
Radiative properties of firefighter helmets: Effect of color and soot deposition on thermal performance	14
Coherent laser ranging of deforming objects in fires at sub-millimeter precision	14
Influences of chord pre-stress on CHS X-joints with high-strength-steel at various temperatures	14
Mechanical properties and constitutive model of Q690 steel in the fire-cooling stage	14
Analysis of utility wildfire risk assessments and mitigations in California	14
Transition from point ignition to flame spread in porous fuel beds: Effects of packing ratio and wind	14
Editorial Board	14
Evaluation of angular resolution requirements in the finite-volume-method solution of the radiative transfer equation	14
Formation mechanism and microstructural analysis of blistering marks on overcurrent copper wires	14
Elevated-temperature mechanical properties of high-strength structural steels over 500 MPa under transient state conditions	14
Novel preparation method and fire performance study of EPS composites based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate	14
Fire resistance and associated failure modes of axially restrained hollow core slabs	14
A calorimeter for quantifying thermal runaway dynamics in pouch cells	13
Inhibition mechanism of CHF3 on hydrogen–oxygen combustion: Insights from reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations	13
Stochastic modeling of the flight of embers ejected from an ember dragon	13
Numerical assessment of castellated stainless steel columns under axial compression and high temperatures	13
Experimental investigation of soot and radiation characteristics in ethylene/propane buoyant diffusion flames	13
Analytical investigation and parametric study on the fire behavior of glulam bolted beam-to-column connections based on the quasi-non-linear fracture mechanics model	13
Blowoff mechanism of airburst blast extinguishment of a methane air jet diffusion flame with micro explosive	13
Corrigendum to “Laboratory quantification of firebrand generation from WUI fuels for model development” [Fire Saf. J. 141 (2023) 103921]	13
Towards real-time heart health monitoring in firefighting using convolutional neural networks	13
Analysis of spatial and design factors for users' acceptance of rescue rooms in road tunnels: An exploratory study using Virtual Reality	13
A fire alarm judgment method using multiple smoke alarms based on Bayesian estimation	13
Comparative analysis of overload ignition of electrical wires under varying test conditions	13
Flame characteristics and heat flux profile of a tank surface caused by horizontal gas leak jet fire impingement	13
A survey of commercial intumescent coating performance – contribution to the fire resistance of structural steel according to EN 13381 and BS 476	13
Ignition and combustion behavior of pressure treated wood and wood-plastic composite exposed to glowing firebrand piles: Impact of air flow velocity, firebrand coverage density and pile orientation	13
A multi-GA-BPNN fusion algorithm and full-scale experimental verification for fire warning in the underground pipe gallery	13
Cell-level thermal runaway behavior of large-format Li-ion pouch cells	13
Simulations of firebrand-driven fire spread in landscape-scale Wildland-Urban-Interface (WUI) and urban conflagration models	13
Human response to fire exposure: Physiological, cognitive and movement response under sub-incapacitating levels of hypoxia, hypercapnia and CO saturation	12
A risk-based design method for preventing fire spread between buildings to achieve a safety level equivalent to the prescriptive standard	12
Large-eddy simulation of a full-scale glove box fire	12

Evaluation of FDS scaling-pyrolysis model in predicting ignition, self-extinguishment and heat release contribution in timber compartments	12
Burning rate of elevated pool fire in a well-ventilated compartment: Effects of radiative heat fluxes	12
Effects of load rate, heating rate, and creep on the ultimate strength and rupture of A416 7-wire strand at elevated temperature	12
Experimental and numerical investigation on the combustion behavior of densified wood: Differences among wood species and impact of char oxidation	12
Buoyancy effects on combustion products from high-pressure hydrogen jet flames	12
Beyond the worst-case scenario: Inconsistencies in dust flammability parameter determination for organic solid fuels	12
Downward opposed flame spread response to non-steady airflow	12
Flame-retardant wire burning behavior by jet flame heating: Ignition, charring, and secondary flame spread	12
Model uncertainty in a parametric fire curve approach: A stochastic correction factor for the compartment fire load density	12
Numerical simulation of fire spread in a large-scale open CLT compartment	12
Limiting lip-height of pool fires	12
Assessing the performance of pedestrian stoop evacuation under height constraints with different motivations	12
Measurement dynamics and data treatment in fire testing	12
Assessment of pre-warning, pre-travel and travel behavior interactions with smoke and toxic gases during fire incidents	12
Analysis of the influence of exhaust vent leakage on the efficiency of tunnel smoke evacuation	12
Basalt fibre reinforced polymer bars as main reinforcement of axially compressed concrete column – experimental and numerical considerations of fire resistance	12
Experimental study on the radiative heat flux from flaming 18650- and 26650-type LFP battery cells	12
Measuring firebrand heat flux with a thin-skin calorimeter	12
Design of stochastic trigger boundaries for rural communities evacuating from a wildfire	12
Thermal decomposition of vegetative fuels and the impact of measured variations on simulations of wildfire spread	12
Integrated fire resistance analysis of concrete-filled steel tube columns under standard Fire: Design standards, simulations, and experimental validation	12
Quantifying the heat release from char oxidation in timber	12
Association of walking speed with psychological state: An experiment in smoke-filled full-scale tunnel	11
Computational analysis of flame spreads over alcohol fuel at sub-flash temperatures using multi-step chemistry	11
Modelling the probability of smouldering ignition of vegetation from hot metal particles ejected by power lines	11
Fire resistance of existing steel structures with aged intumescent coating based on an in situ test method	11
Editorial Board	11
Coupling computer-vision house fuel load estimation with fire spread simulation in the Wildland–Urban interface	11
A novel historical data-based method for predicting firefighters demand in urban fires	11
Reaction-to-fire performance of vertical laminated toughened glass panels with different inter-layer materials when exposed to an external heat flux	11
Combustion characteristics of nonuniform methane-air mixtures in the duct	11
Effects of longitudinal wind and sidewall restriction on downstream radiative heat flux and temperature rise distribution in tunnel fires	11
Influence of compartment geometry on internal flows in a fully-developed fire: An analysis of the back-wall effect	11
Intumescence: past, present and future	11
Experimental study of dynamics of flames from discrete methanol fuel wicks in ullages	11
Uncertainties in the use of oxygen consumption calorimetry for heat release measurements in lithium-ion battery fires	11
Editorial Board	11
Effect of nano-aluminum hydroxide on the liquid phase properties and fire-fighting foam performance of the mixed surfactants solution	11
Corrigendum to “Quantification of a safety target for an underground CNG bus terminal in Stockholm” [Fire Saf. J. 104 (2019) 57–66]	11
Design fire scenarios for hazard assessment of modern battery electric and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles	11
Quantifying the controlling mechanisms of opposed flow flame spread: Influence of orientation, material, and external heating	11
Influence of upstream blockage on smoke control in tunnel fires	11
Shrinkage characteristics of glass and mineral fibre insulation materials at elevated temperatures	11
Comparative study on the inhibition effect of three inhibitors on the flame propagation of aluminum alloy dust cloud	11
Experimental investigation of influencing factors in lightning-induced ignition of needles	11
Towards modeling tree-to-tree fire spread in wildland urban-interface (WUI) fires	10
Effects of fire location on flame behavior and self-extinction in the single-end enclosed tunnel	10
Fast moving smoldering fronts in thin liquid fuel films dispersed on inert porous media	10
A correlation to predict boilover onset time	10
Opposed flame spread over a thermally-thin charring material under varied flow velocities and ambient pressures in a narrow channel apparatus	10
Experimental investigation on the post-fire mechanical properties and charring rate of inorganic-bonded bamboo composite exposed to fire	10
A scoping review and bibliometric analysis of methods for fire evacuation training in buildings	10
Can additive carbon nanotubes reduce the PMMA fire risk?	10
The role of moisture on the flame extinction potential of Cross-laminated Timber	10
Investigating movement through smoke in virtual reality	10
An empirical firebrand pile heat flux model	10
A Bayesian analysis of domestic fire response and fire injury	10
Impact of fuel moisture on chaparral emissions under flaming and smoldering conditions	10
Residual compressive strength of concrete after exposure to high temperatures: A review and probabilistic models	10
Method of measuring the temperature of wood exposed to fire with type K thermocouples	10
Effect of mixing ratio on smoldering rate for wood-plastic mixture materials	10
An experimental and numerical study of fire and plume characteristics of pool fires fueled by diesel-canola oil mixture	10
Quantifying the expected utility of fire tests and experiments before execution	10
Corrigendum to “Simulation of a premixed explosion of gas vented during Li-ion battery failure” [Fire Saf. J. 126 (2021) 103478]	10
Validation of the extended COCOSYS cable fire model based on a generic FLASH-CAT approach	10
Development of real-scale transformer fire test technology and evaluation of a solid aerosol-based fire suppression system	10
Fire From Volcanic Activity: Quantifying the threat from an understudied hazard	10
A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in large outdoor fires and the built environment	10
Effect of structural characteristics on charring shrinkage and cracking of densified wood under radiative heatings	10
Fire resistance of gypsum-sheathed stud walls with an embedded steel door: Validation of a numerical approach	10
Experimental study of a travelling fire along a cable tray assembly in a mechanically ventilated enclosure	9
Influence of laps on the behaviour of a composite slab under membrane action in fire	9
Simulations of fuel consumption in wildland fire spread at vegetation and flame scales	9
Investigation of the impact of nitrogen and water vapor dilution in oxidizer stream on flame structure, soot production and extinction of a laminar ethylene-fueled co-flow diffusion flame	9
Numerical investigation of the influence of thermal runaway modelling on car park fire hazard and application to a Lithium-ion Manganese Oxide battery	9
Modelling and effects of fuel radiation in methanol pool fires	9
Fire extinguishment tests of electric vehicles in an open sided enclosure	9
A new proposal for the design of laterally unrestrained cellular steel beams under moment gradient at elevated temperatures	9
Combustion characteristics and fire hazard assessment of small-scale pool fires in increased oxygen concentration	9
Modeling smoldering ignition by an irradiation spot	9
Unravelling the mysteries of fire	9
The influence of experimental conditions on the mass loss for TGA in fire safety science	9
Experimental study on thermal conditions affecting smouldering behaviour of CCA-treated wood using fire propagation apparatus	9
Transportation of wind-smoke flow in full-scale laneway fire experiments	9
The performance of vertically perforated clay block masonry in fire tests predicted by a finite-element model including an energy-based criterion to identify spalling	9
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water spray interaction with smoke in a confined and a mechanically-ventilated enclosure fire	9
Experimental study to assess the impact of different connection types on the fire resistance of composite concrete-topped CLT slabs	9
Development and validation of a pressure-dependent hydraulic modeling framework for water systems under wildfire conditions	9
Effect of vertical cavity geometry on flame spread along insulated double-glass BIPV façades exposed to window spill fires	9
Fire control and self-extinguishment by blocking smoke flow with water spray in a tunnel fire	9
Hybrid fire testing of concrete-filled steel tube columns: A large-scale experimental and numerical investigation	9