Fire Safety Journal

Article	Citations
Mechanical properties of high-strength Q960 steel at elevated temperature	47
Effects of steel and glass fibers on mechanical and durability properties of concrete exposed to high temperatures	45
Synthesis of a P/N/S-based flame retardant and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin	43
Using machine learning in physics-based simulation of fire	42
Mechanical properties of stainless-clad bimetallic steel bars exposed to elevated temperatures	42
An experimental study of the behavior of 3D printed concrete at elevated temperatures	41
Experimental investigation of water spray on suppressing lithium-ion battery fires	41
Developing and validating evacuation models for fire safety engineering	39
Progress on the research of fire behavior and fire protection of lithium ion battery	39
A review of near-limit opposed fire spread	39
Effect of discarded steel fibers on impact resistance, flexural toughness and fracture energy of high-strength self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperatures	39
Real-time forecast of compartment fire and flashover based on deep learning	38
Evacuation decision-making and behavior in wildfires: Past research, current challenges and a future research agenda	36
Influence of architectural visual access on emergency wayfinding: A cross-cultural study in China, United Kingdom and United States	33
Analysis of Chinese fire statistics during the period 1997–2017	31
Deep learning based inverse model for building fire source location and intensity estimation	29
Mechanical properties of TMCP Q690 high strength structural steel at elevated temperatures	28
Post-fire material properties of stainless-clad bimetallic steel	28
Comparison of Pyrolysis Properties of Extruded and Cast Poly(methyl methacrylate)	27
Evolution of fire models for estimating structural fire-resistance	27
Inhibition of hydrogen–oxygen/air gaseous detonations using CF3I, H2O, and CO2	27
Thermal properties and fire behavior of polyethylene with a mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate as a novel flame retardant	26
Fire dynamics in mass timber compartments	25
Detecting concealed fire sources in coalfield fires: An application study	25
Montmorillonite-catalyzed furfurylated wood for flame retardancy	25

Ignition of thin fuel by thermoplastic drips: An experimental study for the dripping ignition theory	24
Analysis of effectiveness of suppression of lithium ion battery fires with a clean agent	24
High temperatures effect on mechanical and physical performance of normal and high strength recycled aggregate concrete	24
Spatial accessibility of fire stations for enhancing operational response in Melbourne	23
Experimental study of leader-and-follower behaviours during emergency evacuation	23
Experimental study of fire damage to reinforced concrete tunnel slabs	23
Behaviour of stainless and high strength steel bolt assemblies at elevated temperatures — A review	23
P-Flash – A machine learning-based model for flashover prediction using recovered temperature data	23
Experimental study of back-layering length and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire with various rectangular cross-sections	22
Evaluation of geomorphometric characteristics and soil properties after a wildfire using Sentinel-2 MSI imagery for future fire-safe forest	22
Numerical investigation on the effect of ambient pressure on mechanical smoke extraction efficiency in tunnel fires	22
Localized heat transfer from firebrands to surfaces	22
Real-time fire detection system based on dynamic time warping of multichannel sensor networks	22
Simulation of a premixed explosion of gas vented during Li-ion battery failure	21
Suppression effect of porous media on natural gas explosion in utility tunnels	21
Fire induced pressure in airthigh houses: Experiments and FDS validation	21
Experimental studies on mechanical properties of S700 MC steel at elevated temperatures	21
Reliability of fire (point) detection system in office buildings in Australia – A fault tree analysis	20
Effect of firebrand size and geometry on heating from a smoldering pile under wind	20
Processing and cooling effects on post-fire mechanical properties of high strength structural steels	20
Analysis of experimental data on the effect of fire source elevation on fire and smoke dynamics and the critical velocity in a tunnel with longitudinal ventilation	20
Evacuation elevators in an underground metro station: A Virtual Reality evacuation experiment	19
The rise and rise of fire resistance	19
Prediction of the onset of thermal runaway and its thermal hazards in 18650 lithium-ion battery abused by external heating	19
Casein-magnesium composite as an intumescent fire retardant coating for wood	19
An adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for fire source identification of the utility tunnel fire	19
Inertant effects and mechanism of Al(OH)3 powder on polyethylene dust explosions based on flame propagation behavior and thermal analysis	18
Theoretical and numerical study on influence of wind on mass loss rates of heptane pool fires at different scales	18
Facile synthesis of a reactive P/N/S-containing compound toward highly effective flame retardancy of epoxy resin with high transparency and improved mechanical strength	18
A comparative study on the bottleneck pedestrian flow under different movement motivations	18
Identifying the criterion for discrete flame spread over single-row birch rods	18
Fires in waste facilities: Challenges and solutions from a Scandinavian perspective	18
The combined effect of a water mist system and longitudinal ventilation on the fire and smoke dynamics in a tunnel	18
Experimental investigation on fire resistance of high-strength concrete encased steel composite columns	18
Real-time video-based smoke detection with high accuracy and efficiency	17
A map representation of the ASET-RSET concept	17
Development of a machine-learning approach for identifying the stages of fire development in residential room fires	17
A comparative study of the explosion behaviors of H2 and C2H4 with air, N2O and O2	17
Spatial temperature distribution of rectangular n-heptane pool fires with different aspect ratios and heat fluxes received by adjacent horizontal targets	17
Learning from fire investigations and research – A Norwegian perspective on moving from a reactive to a proactive fire safety management	17
Beyond the standard time-temperature curve: Assessment of intumescent coatings under standard and deviant temperature curves	17
Conceptual framework for quantifying fire resilience – A new perspective on fire safety performance of buildings	16
A self-attention network for smoke detection	16
BP neural network-based adaptive spatial-temporal data generation technology for predicting ceiling temperature in tunnel fire and full-scale experimental verification	16
Fire resistance and burnout resistance of timber columns	16
Experimental study of flame spread underneath photovoltaic (PV) modules	16
Approach for modelling thermal properties of intumescent coating applied on steel members	16
Hydrodynamic analysis and flame pulsation of continuously spilling fire spread over n-butanol fuel under different slope angles	16
Bridge fires in the 21st century: A literature review	16
Application of ultra-fine dry chemicals modified by POTS/OBS for suppressing aviation kerosene pool fire	15

Ignition of wildland fuels by idealized firebrands	15
Full-scale experimental study on suppressing lithium-ion battery pack fires from electric vehicles	15
The time-to-failure assessment of large crude oil storage tank exposed to pool fire	15
Mechanical strength of CFRP and GFRP composites filled with APP fire retardant powder exposed to elevated temperature	15
Evaluation of image fire detection algorithms based on image complexity	15
Vegetation as an indicator of underground smoldering fire on coal-waste dumps	15
Ignition delay times of live and dead pinus radiata needles	15
Estimation of effective coverage rate of fire station services based on real-time travel times	15
Temperature measurement of a turbulent buoyant ethylene diffusion flame using a dual-thermocouple technique	15
Passive fire protection of wood using some bio-derived fire retardants	14
Assessment of thermal properties of various types of high-strength steels at elevated temperatures	14
Extinguishing the dripping flame by acoustic wave	14
Comparative experimental study of fire resistance of two-way restrained and unrestrained precast concrete composite slabs	14
Experimental investigation of the impact of water mist on high-speed non-premixed horizontal methane jet fires	14
Investigation of the thermal stability and fire behavior of high performance polymer: A case study of polyimide	14
Evaluation of gas and particle sensors for detecting spacecraft-relevant fire emissions	14
Transitional flame-spread and fuel-regression behaviors under the change of concurrent wind	14
Analysis of overload induced arc formation and beads characteristics in a residential electrical cable	14
Simulations of the coupling between combustion and radiation in a turbulent line fire using an unsteady flamelet model	14
Co-pyrolysis characteristics and flammability of polylactic acid and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic blend using TG, temperature-dependent FTIR, Py-GC/MS and cone calorimeter analyses	14
Experimental study on thermal runaway behaviors of 18650 li-ion battery under enclosed and ventilated conditions	14
The characteristics of a 1 m methanol pool fire	14
Mesoscale numerical modeling and characterization of the effect of reinforcement textile on the elevated temperature and tensile behaviour of carbon textile-reinforced concrete composite	14
Fire hazard potential of non-metallic powder layers induced by deposit surfaces	14
Thermal analysis of steel decking concrete slabs in case of fire	14
Merging dynamics of dual parallel linear diffusion flames	14
Mechanical properties of hot-rolled structural steels at elevated Temperatures：A review	14
Experimental investigation of novel dry liquids with aqueous potassium Solution@Nano-SiO2 for the suppression of liquid fuel fires: Preparation, application, and stability	13
A correction method for thermal disturbances induced by thermocouples in a low-conductivity charring material	13
Aerogel incorporated flexible nonwoven fabric for thermal protective clothing	13
Ventilation effects on the thermal characteristics of fire spread modes in open-plan compartment fires	13
Experimental study on fire spread over discrete fuel bed-Part I: Effects of packing ratio	13
Fire behaviour of composite materials using kerosene burner tests at small-scales	13
Flame extinction and burning behaviour of timber under varied oxygen concentrations	13
The wildland fire system and challenges for engineering	13
Rapid prediction of mine tunnel fire smoke movement with machine learning and supercomputing techniques	13
A full-scale experimental study on single dwelling burning behavior of informal settlement	13
Combined estimation of fire perimeters and fuel adjustment factors in FARSITE for forecasting wildland fire propagation	13
Using P–Cl inorganic ultrafine aerosol particles to prevent spontaneous combustion of low-rank coal in an underground coal mine	13
Time dependent contribution of char oxidation and flame heat feedback on the mass loss rate of timber	13
Why are cooktop fires so hazardous?	13
Dynamic estimation system for fire station service areas based on travel time data	13
Stress–strain–temperature relationship for concrete	13
Residual bond strengths of epoxy and cement-bonded CFRP reinforcements to concrete interfaces after elevated temperature exposure	13
Dripping behavior effects on flame propagation along electrical wires under high currents	13
Semi-empirical model for estimating the heat release rate required for flashover in compartments with thermally-thin boundaries and ultra-fast fires	13
Fire tests with lithium-ion battery electric vehicles in road tunnels	13
Experimental study of jet fire radiation and a new approach for optimizing the weighted multi-point source model by inverse methods	13
Considerations on computational modeling of concrete structures in fire	12
Influence of heating conditions and initial thickness on the effectiveness of thin intumescent coatings	12
Elderly about home fire safety: A qualitative study into home fire safety knowledge and behaviour	12
Influence of wind on the onset of flashover within small-scale compartments with thermally-thin and thermally-thick boundaries	12
Flammability trends for a comprehensive array of cladding materials	12
Fire risk assessment of cable bridges for installation of firefighting facilities	12
Structural behavior of FRP connector enabled precast geopolymer concrete sandwich panels subjected to one-side fire exposure	12
Thermal behavior of composite slabs with closed profiled steel decking and recycled aggregate concrete in fire	12
Identifying the attributes of a profession in the practice and regulation of fire safety engineering	12
Analysis of the effectiveness of the smoke alarm obligation – Experiences from practice	12
Effects of ullage height on heat feedback and combustion emission mechanisms of heptane pool fires	12
Numerical study on effect of relative humidity (and fuel moisture) on modes of grassfire propagation	12
Compatibility of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) with sea water	12
More on methods to measure the energetics of lithium ion batteries in thermal runaway	12
Impact of air intake position on fire dynamics in mechanically ventilated compartment	12
Burnout resistance of concrete slabs: Probabilistic assessment and global resistance factor calibration	12
Fire performance of sandwich composites with intumescent mat protection: Evolving thermal insulation, post-fire performance and rail industry testing	12
Large scale fire test: The development of a travelling fire in open ventilation conditions and its influence on the surrounding steel structure	11
Principles for Monte Carlo agent-based evacuation simulations including occupants who need assistance. From RSET to RiSET	11
Investigation of the role of bulk properties and in-bed structure in the flow regime of buoyancy-dominated flame spread in porous fuel beds	11
Structural response of fire-exposed laminated glass beams under sustained loads; exploratory experiments and FE-Simulations	11
Combustion efficiency during fires in tunnels with natural ventilation by vitiated air including descending smoke	11
Shear Behavior of Lapped Connections Bolted by thread-fixed one-side bolts at elevated temperatures	11
Stairwell smoke transport in a full-scale high-rise building: Influence of opening location	11
Experimental study on flaming ignition of pine needles by simulated lightning discharge	11
Fire downwind a flat surface entering a canyon by lateral spread	11
Structural safety assessment of concrete tunnel lining subjected to fire	11
Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology	11
A scoping review and bibliometric analysis of methods for fire evacuation training in buildings	11
Experimental study of fire resistant board configurations under standard fire conditions	11
Effect of wind speed and direction on facade fire spread in an isolated rectangular building	11
Improved time-hardening creep model for investigation on behaviour of pre-tensioned steel strands subject to localised fire	11

A pre-evacuation study using data from evacuation drills and false alarm evacuations in a university library	11
Multi-parameter fire detection method based on feature depth extraction and stacking ensemble learning model	11
The behaviour of wood crib fires under free burning and fire whirl conditions	11
CFD study of fire-induced pressure variation in a mechanically-ventilated air-tight compartment	11
An evacuation model validation data-set for high-rise construction sites	11
Experimental study of the walking behavior of crowds mixed with slow-speed pedestrians as an introductory study of elderly-mixed evacuation crowds	11
Machine learning-based surrogate model for calibrating fire source properties in FDS models of façade fire tests	11
Propagation tests with uniformly distributed cellulosic fire load	11
Experimental study on burning rates of large-scale hydrocarbon pool fires under controlled wind conditions	11
Facade flame height ejected from opening of a compartment under the coupling effect of side walls and ambient wind	11
Theoretical studies on buoyancy-driven ceiling jets of tunnel fires with natural ventilation	11
From smoldering to flaming fire: Different modes of transition	11
Spatial metrics from LiDAR roof mapping for fire spread risk assessment of informal settlements in Cape Town, South Africa	10
RGB image-based hybrid model for automatic prediction of flashover in compartment fires	10
Temperature and velocity distributions of a ceiling-jet along a flat-ceilinged tunnel with natural ventilation	10
Thermal modelling of LSF floor-ceiling systems with varying configurations	10
Design method of fire-resistance capacity of reinforced-concrete-filled steel tube column under axial compression	10
Early indoor occluded fire detection based on firelight reflection characteristics	10
Determination of the critical conditions leading to the ignition of decking slabs by flaming firebrands	10
Propensity to self-heating ignition of open-circuit pouch lithium-ion battery pile on a hot boundary	10
A CFD study of the effects of pipe bending angle on pressure piling in coal dust explosions in interconnected vessels	10
Statistical uncertainty in bench-scale flammability tests	10
Determination of pyrolysis and combustion properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) using comprehensive modeling: Relating heat transfer to the intumescent char's porous structure	10
A preliminary investigation to develop a semi-probabilistic model of informal settlement fire spread using B-RISK	10
Tisova Fire Test – Fire behaviours and lessons learnt	10
Alone or with others: Experiments on evacuation decision making	10
Critical shaft height for complete smoke exhaustion during fire at the worst longitudinal fire location in tunnels with natural ventilation	10
Implications of data smoothing on experimental mass loss rates	10
Physicochemical features of the effect of special water-based fire retardants on forest materials	10
Fire tests and thermal analyses of LSF walls insulated with silica aerogel fibreglass blanket	10
Induced fire hazards by gasoline spills	10
Experimental and numerical study on the interaction of a water mist spray with a turbulent buoyant flame	10
Practical skills training in enclosure fires: An experimental study with cadets and firefighters using CAVE and HMD-based virtual training simulators	9
Influence of ply configuration and adhesive type on cross-laminated timber in flexure at elevated temperatures	9
Radiative transfer calculations in fire simulations: An assessment of different gray gas models using the software FDS	9
Identifying products of pyrolysis and combustion of materials at incipient stages of fires	9
Approach for early-warning collapse of double-span steel portal frames induced by fire	9
Numerical study on fire resistance of rectangular section stainless steel-concrete composite beam	9
Effects of electric current and sample orientation on flame spread over electrical wires	9
Influence of lit emergency signs and illuminated settings on walking speeds in smoky corridors	9
Intumescent polypropylene in extreme fire conditions	9
The cooling phase, a key factor in the post-fire performance of RC columns	9
An experimental investigation of burning rate and flame geometric parameters of tunnel fires under canyon cross wind and longitudinal ventilation	9
Investigation of sidewall height effect on the burning rate and flame tilt characteristics of pool fire in cross wind	9
A thermo-mechanical meso-scale lattice model to describe the transient thermal strain and to predict the attenuation of thermo-mechanical properties at elevated temperature up to 800 °C of concrete	9
Early detection of smoldering in silos: Organic material emissions as precursors	9
Burning behavior of mixed-convection wind-driven flames under varying freestream conditions	9
A comprehensive evaluation of the WSGG model for air- and oxy-fuel combustion conditions through three-dimensional calculations	9
Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate on rust surface: Risk of low-temperature fire	9
Coal oxidation with air stream of varying oxygen content and flow rate - Fire gas emission profile	9
Experimental study on trajectory flame length and axial temperature distribution of inclined turbulent jet flames	9
Experimental and numerical study of temperature developments of composite joints between concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube columns and reinforced concrete beams	9
Experimental study on mechanical properties of Q690D high strength steel during the cooling stage of fire	9
Review of heat exposure equipment and in-situ characterisation techniques for intumescent coatings	9
Multi-scale analysis of the under-ventilated combustion regime for the case of a fire event in a confined and mechanically ventilated compartment	9
Fuelbreak effectiveness against wind-driven and plume-dominated fires: A 3D numerical study	9
Applying the FDS pyrolysis model to predict heat release rate in small-scale forced ventilation tunnel experiments	9
Detailed physical modeling of wildland fire dynamics at field scale - An experimentally informed evaluation	9
The impact of crowd composition on egress performance	8
Use of pre-charred surfaces to improve fire performance of wood	8
Parametric study of design fires for tunnels with water-based fire suppression systems	8
Distributed fiber optic measurements of strain and temperature in long-span composite floor beams with simple shear connections subject to compartment fires	8
Data-driven investigations of using social media to aid evacuations amid Western United States wildfire season	8
Ignition and burning of the composite sample impacted by the Bunsen burner flame: A fully coupled simulation	8
Structural performance of concrete sandwich panels under fire	8
RUIM – A fire safety engineering model for rural urban interface firefighter taskforce deployment	8
Aerosols and carbonaceous and nitrogenous compounds emitted during the combustion of dead shrubs according to twigs’ diameter and combustion phases	8
Experimental study and numerical simulation analysis of the fire resistance of high-strength steel columns with rectangular sections under axial compression	8
The response of an ethanol pool fire to transverse acoustic waves	8
Experimental investigation on maximum ceiling jet temperature generated by a vertically spreading cable fire	8
Mechanical behaviours of heat-damaged grouted sleeve connections	8
A simple model for predicting the smoke spread length during a fire in a shallow urban road tunnel with roof openings under natural ventilation	8
Research on the aerosol identification method for the fire smoke detection in aircraft cargo compartment	8
Experimental study on the effect of mechanical ventilation conditions and fire dynamics on the pressure evolution in an air-tight compartment	8
Factors contributing to survival and evacuation in residential fires involving older adults in Sweden	8
Influence of fire heat release rate (HRR) evolutions on fire-induced pressure variations in air-tight compartments	8
The effect of preheating on fire propagation on inclined wood by multi-spectrum and schlieren visualisation	8
Dual frequency comb spectroscopy of solid fuel pyrolysis and combustion: Quantifying the influence of moisture content in Douglas fir	8
Thermal insulation performance and char formation and degradation mechanisms of boron-containing hydrocarbon intumescent coatings	8
Preparation of a novel supramolecular intumescent flame retardants containing P/N/S/Fe/Zn and its application in polylactic acid	8
Effect of fuel bed size and moisture on the flammability of Eucalyptus saligna leaves in cone calorimeter testing	8
Haze emissions from smouldering peat: The roles of inorganic content and bulk density	8
When is the fire spreading and when it travels? – Numerical simulations of compartments with wood crib fire loads	8
Mathematical modeling of nitrogen-pressurized Halon flow in fire extinguishing systems	8
Hysteretic behavior of UHPC beam-column joints after fire exposure	8
Fire fragility of reinforced concrete panels under transverse out-of-plane and compressive in-plane loads	8
Tactics, objectives, and choices: Building a fire risk index	8
Experimental study on flame interaction and geometrical features of two identical fires on a slope	8
Fire performance of functionally-graded-material sheathed load bearing thin-walled structural framing	8
A semi-global reaction mechanism for the thermal decomposition of low-density polyethylene blended with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol	7
The introduction and the influence of semi-rigid connections in framed structures subjected to fire	7
Experimental and numerical study of pool fire dynamics in an air-tight compartment focusing on pressure variation	7
Developing a framework for fire investigations in informal settlements	7
Application of travelling behaviour models for thermal responses in large compartment fires	7
Fuel moisture content threshold leading to fire extinction under marginal conditions	7