Early Human Development

Article	Citations
Direct evidence of fetal responses to noxious stimulations: A systematic review of physiological and behavioral reactions	75
Investigating behaviour from early- to mid-childhood and its association with academic outcomes in a cohort of children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia	49
Editorial Board	40
Effect of muscle mass on neuropsychomotor development in newborns: A comparative analysis between preterm and full-term infants	33
Infant massage and brain maturation measured using EEG: A randomised controlled trial	32
Universal maternal testing for group B streptococcus in late pregnancy: process outcomes and alongside qualitative study for the GBS3 trial	32
Early feeding behaviours of extremely preterm infants predict neurodevelopmental outcomes	28
Trend over 25 years of risk factors of mother's own milk provision to very low birth weight infants at discharge	27
Lending a helping hand to preterm infants: Randomized controlled trial of the impact of ‘sticky mittens’ on exploratory behavior and later development	21
Maternal digit ratio (2D:4D), autistic traits, and autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A case–control study	21
Direct breastfeeding: Predictive factors and possible effects on neurodevelopment in very preterm infants	20
Early-life thyroid hormones and neurodevelopmental assessment in one-year old children: DSAN-12m birth cohort study	20
The effectiveness of pulmonary hypertension screening in infants born preterm	20
Modeling gross motor developmental curves of extremely and very preterm infants using the AIMS home-video method	20
Maternal and neonatal outcomes for kidney transplant recipients	19
Hidden heroes in breast milk: The dual roles of phospholipids and sphingolipids in infant immunity and brain development	19
Incidence, subtypes and severity of cerebral palsy in infants born extremely preterm in Switzerland: A retrospective study comparing two time periods	19
The evidence for neonatal arginine supplementation — A narrative review	18
The predictive value of maternal inflammation markers for neonatal early-onset sepsis	17
2D:4D biomarker reliability and validity in a within-subject pregnancy-childhood-adolescence cohort	17
Early red blood cell transfusion and the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants	17
Contributions of the light environment and co-sleeping to sleep consolidation into nighttime in early infants: A pilot study	17
Maternal depressed mood and serotonergic antidepressant treatment during pregnancy differentially shape the continuity between fetal–newborn neurobehaviour	17
Strengthening the invisible backbone: Prioritizing parental mental health in preterm care	16
Editorial Board	15

Intracranial hemorrhages in infants of diabetic mothers: A national cohort study	15
The influence of physical, psychological and sociocultural factors on cognitive performance: A nationwide cross-sectional analysis in 10–12-year-old Danish children	15
Outcomes in extremely preterm neonates after the introduction of early low-dose hydrocortisone treatment: A retrospective case-control study	15
Association of second and fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk	14
Placenta histology related to flow and oxygenation in fetal congenital heart disease	14
The U.S.A. eligible retinopathy of prematurity screening population 2003-2022: WONDER-ROP Study	14
Neonatal bioethics, AI, and genomics	14
Moderate compromise in postnatal brainstem auditory function in low-risk very preterm infants and differences from late preterm infants	14
Implementation of nutritional care bundle is associated with improved growth in preterm infants born before 32 gestational weeks	13
Pressure and tidal volume delivery in extremely preterm infants at birth using different t-piece resuscitation devices	13
Evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal renal microvascular flow characteristics of three-dimensional MV-flow imaging	13
Investigating the validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to detect gross motor delays in a community sample of toddlers: A cross-sectional study	13
The critical role of technologies in neonatal care	13
Reference curves of first-trimester novel measurements of the fetal urinary tract using three-dimensional ultrasound and Virtual Reality	13
Exploring the burden of preterm infant care in Africa: A comprehensive review of current research	12
Breastfeeding patterns in one-year-old children was not affected by a breastfeeding support intervention	12
Predictive factors of surgery in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: Insights from a monocentric cohort study	12
Effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and priming (MuSSAP) upper limb training in 3–8 months old infants with unilateral brain lesion – a retrospective clinical cohort study	12
Value of caregivers report at six months of age in predicting cerebral palsy - A prospective cohort study	12
Maternal experience of fetal movements from a child with AMC: MECA survey	12
Visual sensory determinants of EEG activity in neonates receiving intensive care	12
Agreement between Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) in neurodevelopmental assessment of preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation at term c	11
Heart rate variability in school-age children born moderate-to-late preterm	11
Determinants of handgrip strength at age 2 years in children born moderate and late preterm and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes	11
Effects of early intervention on the mental wellbeing and caregiving practices of preterm infant caregivers	11
Ontogeny for a lifetime – Structure meets function	11
Prolonged oligohydramnios and the adverse composite outcome of death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 3 years of age in infants born at 22–29 gestational weeks	11
Glucose abnormalities in infants with birth asphyxia are associated with later neurological diagnoses	11
The effect of maternal fatigue on the risk of fetal growth retardation	10
Editorial Board	10
Understanding factors associated with emotional closeness in parents with a preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit	10
Attachment and mother-infant interactions in dyads with infants born full-term, moderate-to-late preterm, and very-to-extreme preterm	10
Impact of comprehensive quality improvement program on outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Japan	10
Editorial Board	10
Public health measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: Mothers' perceptions of emotional and physical closeness with their preterm infant before, during, and after the NICU stay	9
Mild small-for-gestational-age as a non-negligible risk factor for short stature	9
Mortality after 36 weeks postmenstrual age of extremely preterm infants in neonatal care: The impact of growth impairment and bronchopulmonary dysplasia	9
Language skills development in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome	9
The effect of maternal blood glucose control on infant body composition at birth	9
Understanding Covid-19: Digit ratios and duration of oxygen therapy in hospitalized Covid-19 patients	9
Standardising the elusive diagnosis of NEC in the premature infant - A practical score	9
Small-for-gestational-age and eating problems in infants aged 2.5 years: a nationwide population-based study in Japan	9
Neurodevelopmental effects of opioids in preterm infants – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies	9
Identifying cognitive vulnerability in school-aged children born preterm: The role of neonatal and early-life factors	8
Perinatal factors associated with sensory processing difficulties in infancy: Findings from the Etude Longitudinale Francaise depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) French national birth cohort	8
Editorial Board	8
Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on executive function in children with preterm birth: A randomized crossover study	8
Relationships between preterm medical factors and feeding behaviors at term-equivalent age	8
Neurodevelopment in infants with antenatal or early neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2	8
Executive function and preterm birth: A longitudinal study	8

New evidence supporting female protective effect in patients with congenital anomalies and neurodevelopmental disorders	8
Vitamin D supplementation and gross motor development: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial	8
Active versus restrictive ligation strategy for patent ductus arteriosus – A retrospective two-center study of extremely preterm infants born between 22 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks of gestational age	8
Insights into neurosonographic indicators for prenatal diagnosis of fetal neurological anomalies and cortical development: A systematic review of the literature	8
Two-year motor outcomes associated with the dose of NICU based physical therapy: The Noppi RCT	7
Current epidemiology and factors contributing to postnatal growth restriction in very preterm infants in China	7
Effects of 4 weeks of play in standing and walking on gross motor ability and segmental trunk control in preterm infants using a playpen: A randomized control trial	7
Genetic features of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins in Japanese infants	7
Effect of sequential swallow training programme on feeding transition and suck-swallow-breath coordination in preterm infants	7
High school graduation among adolescents born preterm: A Canadian population-based cohort study	7
The impact of the multimodal neurologic enhancement music therapy intervention on clinical outcomes: A randomized trial of preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit	7
Motor dysfunction in preschool children exposed to zika virus during pregnancy and normocephalic at birth: Developmental Coordination Disorder and Minimal Neurological Dysfunction	7
Prediction of motor outcome in preterm infants with punctate white matter lesions using term equivalent age MRI	7
Similar early intervention referral rates following in-person administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 4th Edition versus Telehealth Administration of the Developmental A	7
Developmental progression of bottle-feeding in the first year of life	7
Understanding developmental progress in young children: Exploring demographic and dietary influences through a cross-sectional study	7
An alternative fortification strategy to optimize growth in preterm infants during a period of human milk fortifier shortage	7
Editorial Board	7
Editorial Board	7
Commercial infant products influence body position and muscle use	7
Associations between fetal movement and maternal-fetal attachment in late pregnancy	7
UK screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity Updated 2022 Guidelines	7
Early pain findings in infants with brachial plexus birth injury: Relationship with function and comorbidities, and cut-off point for fractures	7
Editorial Board	7
Early postnatal transitional circulation in fetal growth restricted neonates	6
Editorial Board	6
The long-term influence of perinatal factors on macular morphology and vessel density in preterm children	6
How do parents and early intervention professionals utilize educational resources about infant development and play?	6
The impact of early intervention on early spontaneous movements of infants: a systematic review	6
Challenges in clinical identification of right ventricular dysfunction in preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn	6
Tolerance of hydrocortisone prophylaxis administration in extreme preterm neonates: Experience of a single UK level III neonatal unit	6
Metabolic bone disease in premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition: Incidence, clinical, laboratory and nutritional profile	6
Multi-organ dysfunction in infants with acidosis at birth in the absence of moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	6
Primary respiratory support of extremely preterm neonates in the Netherlands: a national survey	6
Longer duration of gestation in term singletons is associated with better infant neurodevelopment	6
Heart function by M-mode and tissue Doppler in the early neonatal period in neonates with fetal growth restriction	6
The 2D:4D ratios in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6
Heart rate variability is associated with self-regulation and stress neurobehavior in preterm infants	6
Comprehensive assessment of placental inflammation: Novel approach in predicting retinopathy of prematurity	6
Association between maternal androgen levels and early fetal sex differentiation: Anogenital distance and genital tubercle length in the first trimester	6
The role of internalising trajectories in adult wealth and social relationships following very preterm birth/very low birth weight	6
Fetal heart rate variability in relation to maternal physical activity and metabolic health	6
Cardiac and cerebral hemodynamics with umbilical cord milking compared with early cord clamping: A randomized cluster crossover trial	6
Corrigendum to “2D:4D ratio, affective lability, and impulsivity in men with cannabinoid and methamphetamine use disorders: A comparative analysis with healthy controls” [Early Hum. Dev. Volume 221:10	6
Editorial Board	6
Egg donation and gestational surrogacy: Pregnancy is riskier with an unrelated embryo	6
Anthropometric measurements of infants in a risk-based patent ductus arteriosus treatment program	6
An investigation of sensory processing skills in toddlers with joint hypermobility	6
Editorial Board	6
Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study	6
Longitudinal examination of early motor ability and motor developmental change to predict two-year cognitive outcomes in preterm infants	6
Being parents of extremely preterm children, from a long-term perspective: A qualitative study of parents' experiences	6
Variability of neonatal premedication practices for endotracheal intubation and LISA in the UK (NeoPRINT survey)	6
Effects of skin-to-skin contact in supported diagonal flexion positioning on movement quality in very preterm infants at term age	5
The effect of finger feeding on stress and comfort behaviors in preterm infants	5
Clinical value of cortical bursting in preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage	5
Outcomes from an enhanced developmental screening programme in Singapore	5
Motor Optimality Scores are significantly lower in a population of high-risk infants than in infants born moderate-late preterm	5
Hokkaido birth cohort study in Japan on the growth trajectory of children born with low birth weight until 7 years of age	5
Examining early intervention referral patterns in neonatal intensive care unit follow up clinics using telemedicine during COVID-19	5
The three-dimensional course of cranial development of very preterm infants during the first year of life	5
Hybrid developmental follow-up for preterm infants in Brazil: A feasibility study	5
Critical diseases in neonates after discharge home from birth hospital: A retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in Japan	5
The effect of heart rate on systolic and diastolic time intervals and cardiac function in stable and sick preterm infants	5
Effect of maternal depression and anxiety scores on the development of three-month-old babies through the assessment of general movements	5
Editorial Board	5
Change over time in internal cerebral vein pulsation in premature infants at risk of intraventricular hemorrhage	5
Predictive validity of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) to identify 4–5 year-old children at risk of developmental delay in a low-risk sample	5
Corrigendum to “2D: 4D digit ratio, bilateral asymmetry, and insulin resistance in women with obesity” [Early Hum. Dev. 217 (2026) 106518]	5
Clinical validation of an abridged AIMS: Streamlining motor screening in the first-year infant	5
Detecting month and year of birth effects on reproduction and marriage patterns in two long-term data sets	5
Neurodevelopmental profile in children born to mothers affected by systemic sclerosis	5
Neurodevelopment in the transition to school in children subjected to hypothermia due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A prospective study	5
Long-term follow-up of self-reported mental health and health-related quality of life in adults born extremely preterm	5
Simulation-based team training and changes in Apgar scores during neonatal transition: A multi-site controlled follow-up study	5
Longitudinal growth trajectories and predictive risk factors for short stature in extremely preterm infants up to six years of age	5
Editorial Board	5
Corrigendum to “Heart function by M-mode and tissue Doppler in the early neonatal period in neonates with fetal growth restriction”, [Early Hum. Dev. 183 (2023) 105809]	5
Antenatal corticosteroid exposure and neonatal outcomes in term infants	5
Placental inflammatory response and association with the severity of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	5

Worldwide prevalence and disability from preterm-associated developmental intellectual disability during childhood and adolescence	5
Editorial Board	5
Exploring the validity of the ASQ-SE for socio-emotional competency screening of a low-risk Asian cohort at 2 years of age	5
Humanity's evolved nest and its relation to cardiac vagal regulation in the first years of life	5
The relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and the 2D:4D digit ratio: A systematic review	5
Feasibility of a Dutch post-discharge parenting intervention (TOP program) for moderate preterm born infants	5
Maternal prenatal social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic predicts infant birth weight	5
Prevalence and patterns of executive function, adaptive function, and behavioral outcomes in preschool and school age children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia	5
Reflections about being born extremely preterm in children and adolescents: A qualitative descriptive study	5
The long-term developmental outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus at different parities	5
Editorial Board	5
Relationship between fidgety movement and frequency of movement toward midline: An observational study	4
Reproducibility of the EL-Khuffash PDA severity score and PDA diameter measurements in extremely preterm infants	4
Editorial Board	4
Test of infant motor performance: Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability in Persian infants	4
Editorial Board	4
Over-reaching with causality language in neurodevelopmental infant research: A methodological literature review	4
Relationship between insulin therapy for hyperglycemia and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants	4
Prolonged COVID-19 related effects on early language development: A longitudinal study	4
Adrenal congestion in perinatal hypoxia: Sonographic assessment and relationship with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	4
The androgen receptor gene and criminal offending: Evidence derived from international data	4
Transcutaneous bilirubin measured on protected skin during phototherapy in term and preterm neonates	4
The Best Start Trial: A randomised controlled trial of ultra-early parent-administered physiotherapy for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy or motor delay	4
Longitudinal assessments of motor performance and musculoskeletal abnormalities in preschool children with esophageal atresia	4
Multi-organ involvement in preterm neonatal encephalopathy	4
The effect of prenatal maternal distress on offspring brain development: A systematic review	4
Five-year outcomes after cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and predictive value of aEEG	4
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on functional skills, muscle strength, and trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial	4
Editorial Board	4
Does base excess predict kidney injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?	4
Neurocognitive outcomes in moderately preterm born adolescents	4
Group trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy for parents of premature infants compared to individual therapy intervention	4
Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: A comprehensive evaluation of neonatal and maternal risk factors	4
Evaluation of neurovascular coupling during neuroprotective therapies: A single site HEAL ancillary study	4
Pubertal growth spurt does not occur in some normally growing Polish girls, suggesting an evolutionary origin of adolescent growth polymorphism	4
Assessment of an umbilical venous catheter dwell-time of 8–14 days versus 1–7 days in very low birth weight infacts (UVC – You Will See): a pilot single-center, randomized controlled trial	4
Associations of birth size with BMI trajectories and fluctuation across adolescence and adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts	4
Sleep and emotional functioning in premature children: A systematic literature review	4
The motor optimality of infants who have had Meningitis in the first months of life: A retrospective study	4
Corrigendum to “Universal maternal testing for group B streptococcus in late pregnancy: process outcomes and alongside qualitative study for the GBS3 trial” [Early Hum. Dev. 213 (2026) Page 1–5/P10644	4
Crying behavior and emotional-behavioral outcomes in high-risk very preterm infants: A prospective cohort study	4
Effectiveness of an oral-motor intervention for premature infants: Feeding and maternal self-efficacy	4
Editorial Board	4
Feeding dysfunction in NICU patients with cramped synchronized movements	4
Refining the therapeutic understanding of prenatal singing: Reflections from an art therapy perspective	4
Exploring the association between haematological markers of iron and general movements in 4-month-old infants exposed to anaemia in-utero	4
Insecure attachment and internalizing behavior problems in growth discordant identical twins	4
Inter-rater reliability and agreement of the General Movement Assessment and Motor Optimality Score-Revised in a large population-based sample	4
Retrospective study of left and right ventricular strain mechanics among neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy	4
Longitudinal outcomes of a parent-administered sensorimotor intervention in preterm infants at 4 and 18 months	4
Association between the digit ratio (2D:4D), handgrip strength, wrist ratio, and body fat distribution in women with different carpal tunnel syndrome severity	4
A realist review of digitally delivered child development assessment and screening tools: Psychometrics and considerations for future use	4
Recent short-term and long-term outcomes of massive pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants: A nationwide cohort study	3
Physical activity in relation to motor performance, exercise capacity, sports participation, parental perceptions, and overprotection in school aged children with a critical congenital heart defect	3
A study of the infant's lived experience of neonatal intensive care	3
Longitudinal effects of gestational age on academic performance in children born preterm	3
Accelerometer measures in extremely preterm and or extremely low birth weight infants and association with abnormal general movements assessments at 28- and 32-weeks postmenstrual age	3
More than words: Parent, Patient and Public Involvement perspectives on language used by clinical researchers in neonatal care	3
Aerobic and anaerobic competence in preterm born children at the age of 10–14 years	3
The role of prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance in the development of Os trigonum: A comparative matched-pair analysis	3
A systematic review on maternal and perinatal factors influencing breast development	3
Neopterin as a marker of congenital cytomegalovirus infection	3
The predictive validity of HINE, Bayley, general movements and MOS-R in infancy	3
Factors influencing on gross motor skills in infants: Implications for walking development	3
‘Baby Liberation’ – Developing and implementing an individualised, developmentally-supportive care bundle to critically unwell infants in an Australian Paediatric Intensive Care Unit	3
Editorial Board	3
Editorial Board	3
Self-reported mental health in adults born extremely preterm. A population based, cross-sectional study	3
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)	3
Mutual gaze and later social attention development in infants at typical and elevated familial likelihood for ASD and/or ADHD	3
Editorial Board	3
Maternal involvement and the language environment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) – a cohort study	3
Characteristics and special challenges of neonatal emergency transports	3
Developmental trajectories of visual orienting functions in children born very or extremely preterm	3
Neonatal stress exposure and DNA methylation of stress-related and neurodevelopmentally relevant genes: An exploratory study	3
Association between the General Movement Optimality Score and clinical features in newborns during hospitalization: A cross-sectional study	3
Neonatal outcomes and related risk factors of 30 cases with aplastic anemia in pregnancy: A retrospective study	3
Use of the Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R) to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital anomalies	3
Association between intermittent hypoxemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely premature infants: A single-center experience	3
Gut microbiota as a risk and protective factor in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: An integrative review	3
Impact of chorionicity and histological chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopment and mortality in extremely preterm twins	3
Interaction effect of gestational age on the association between sleep and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood: A longitudinal study from birth to 24 months	3
Respiratory and non-respiratory outcomes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in adolescents: A systematic review	3
Early risk factors related to social functioning in young adults born very preterm	3
Neurobehavioral outcomes of infants exposed to buprenorphine-naloxone compared with naltrexone during pregnancy	3
Severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and characteristics of neuro-motor development prior to acquisition of independent walking in very preterm and/or very low-birth-weight infants: A retrospective	3
Body composition at 4 to 7 years of age in children born <32 weeks gestational age or 1500 g: A cohort study	3
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and neonatal head circumference: Evidence for oestrogenization in human brain evolution?	3
Validity of the DF-MOT to detect motor developmental delays in preterm children: A comparative study with the Bayley-III	3
Association between environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and functioning of infants with biological risk in the first year of life: Cross-sectional exploratory study	3
Associations between early lexical composition and pre-reading skills at 5 years – A longitudinal study	3
Educational value of YouTube videos on exercise during pregnancy: A cross-sectional analysis	3
A longitudinal study of breastmilk feeding duration, EEG power and early academic skills	3
Clinical factors associated with abnormal general movements of preterm newborns during hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit	3
The effect of music played to new birth mothers on postpartum blues: A randomized controlled trial	3