Journal of Raman Spectroscopy

Article	Citations
Classifying Raman spectra of extracellular vesicles based on convolutional neural networks for prostate cancer detection	70
Polarized Raman spectra of hematite and assignment of external modes	62
Raman spectroscopy in cell biology and microbiology	53
Transfer‐learning‐based Raman spectra identification	37
Single‐Particle Analysis on Plasmonic Nanogap Systems for Quantitative SERS	35
An efficient primary screening of COVID‐19 by serum Raman spectroscopy	33
Can primitive kimberlite melts be alkali‐carbonate liquids: Composition of the melt snapshots preserved in deepest mantle xenoliths	33
Eliminating irreproducibility in SERS substrates	31
Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer	30
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy using uncoated gold nanoparticles for bacteria discrimination	30
Paper‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors for field applications	28
Tuning gold nanostar morphology for the SERS detection of uranyl	27
Infrared and Raman spectra of lignin substructures: Dibenzodioxocin	26
Asymmetric least‐squares baseline algorithm with peak screening for automatic processing of the Raman spectra	25
Hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of CeO2	24
Impact of water on the hydrogen bonding between halide‐based ion‐pairs investigated by Raman scattering and density functional theory calculations	24
Non‐invasive on‐site Raman study of polychrome and white enamelled glass artefacts in imitation of porcelain assigned to Bernard Perrot and his followers	23
Single‐layer multiple‐kernel‐based convolutional neural network for biological Raman spectral analysis	23
In situ Raman spectroscopy for cultural heritage studies	22
Orbital facilitated charge transfer originated phonon mode in Cr‐substituted PrFeO3: A brief Raman study	21
A review of artificial intelligence methods combined with Raman spectroscopy to identify the composition of substances	21
Signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement for Raman spectra based on optimized Raman spectrometer and convolutional denoising autoencoder	21
The 532‐nm‐excited hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of globular protein and aromatic amino acids	20
Recent advances in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐based sensors for the detection of inorganic ions: Sensing mechanism and beyond	20
Standoff Raman spectroscopy for future Europa Lander missions	19

Darkening of lead‐ and iron‐based pigments on late Gothic Italian wall paintings: Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, μ‐Raman, and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses for diagnosis: Presence of β‐PbO<	19
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of thiram: Quantitative and theoretical analyses	18
Raman spectra tell us so much more: Raman features and saturation magnetization for efficient analysis of manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles	18
Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) calibration target design to allow onboard combined science between the RLS and MicrOmega instruments on the ExoMars rover	18
Distinguishing genomic DNA of Brassica juncea and Arabidopsis thaliana using surface‐enhanced Raman sca	17
New evidence for the intentional use of calomel as a white pigment	17
Raman investigation of N‐implanted ZnO: Defects, disorder and recovery	17
Plasmonic nanoplatforms: From surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensing to biomedical applications	17
Detection of saliva morphine using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with immunochromatographic assay	17
Development of core‐satellite‐shell structured MNP@Au@MIL‐100(Fe) substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and their applications in trace level determination of malachite green in prawn	17
Polarization‐dependent anisotropic Raman response of CVD‐grown vertically stacked MoS2 layers	16
Shift in the Raman symmetric stretching band of N2, CO2, and CH4 as a function of temperature, pressure, and density	16
Rapid diagnosis of lung cancer and glioma based on serum Raman spectroscopy combined with deep learning	16
Feasibility of integrated high‐wavenumber Raman imaging and fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for fast margin assessment in breast cancer surgery	16
Label‐free serum detection based on Raman spectroscopy for the diagnosis and classification of glioma	16
Theoretical treatment of single‐molecule scanning Raman picoscopy in strongly inhomogeneous near fields	16
Optical diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection in blood plasma using Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques	15
Rapid and sensitive detection of pesticide residues using dynamic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy	15
Raman tensor of layered black arsenic	15
Discriminating polymorph distributions in pharmaceutical tablets using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy	15
Calibration of Raman wavenumber in large Raman images using a mercury‐argon lamp	15
UV surface‐enhanced Raman scattering properties of SnSe2 nanoflakes	15
Experimental tests of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering: Moving beyond the electromagnetic enhancement theory	15
Temperature dependence of the double‐resonance Raman bands in monolayer MoS 2	15
Label‐free liquid biopsy based on urine analysis using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy for noninvasive gastric and breast cancer detection	14
Temperature dependence of strain–phonon coefficient in epitaxial Ge/Si(001): A comprehensive analysis	14
Confocal Raman spectroscopic study of melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kimberley cluster, South Africa): Evidence for alkali‐rich carbonate melt in	14
Refinement of spectra using a deep neural network: Fully automated removal of noise and background	14
Printer‐assisted array flexible surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy chip preparation for rapid and label‐free detection of bacteria	14
Helicity‐resolved resonant Raman spectroscopy of layered WS2	14
Raman diagnostics of free charge carriers in boron‐doped silicon nanowires	14
A systematic spectroscopic study of laboratory synthesized manganese oxides relevant to Mars	14
A brief history of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and the localized surface plasmon Dedicated to the memory of Richard Van Duyne (1945–2019)	14
Optimization of film over nanosphere substrate fabrication for SERS sensing of the allergen soybean agglutinin	13
Hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of alcohols excited at 532 nm: Methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and 2‐propanol	13
Multiple‐pass enhanced Raman spectroscopy for fast industrial trace gas detection and process control	13
The evidence of hydrated proton in eudialyte‐group minerals based on Raman spectroscopy data	13
Evaluation of multivariate analyses and data fusion between Raman and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy in binary mixtures and its potential for solar system exploration	13
The brightest colors: A Fourier‐transform Raman, surface‐enhanced Raman, and thin‐layer chromatography‐surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of fluorescent artists' paints	13
Correlation of crystal violet biofilm test results of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with Raman spectroscopic read‐out	13
Differentiating various beef cuts using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy	12
Directional Raman scattering spectra of metal–sulfur bonds at smooth gold and silver substrates	12
Short‐range ordering in the Li‐rich disordered rock salt cathode material Li2VO2F revealed by Raman spectroscopy	12
The enamels of the first (soft‐paste) European blue‐and‐white porcelains: Rouen, Saint‐Cloud and Paris factories: Complementarity of Raman and X‐ray fluorescence analyses with mobile instruments to id	12
Graphene‐coated Au nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy	12
Detection of aspirin traces in blood by means of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy	12
Blackening of lead white: Study of model paintings	12
Abiotic degradation of s‐triazine pesticides analyzed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering	12
Monitoring the spin crossover phenomenon of [Fe(2‐mpz)2Ni(CN)4] 2D Hofmann‐type polymer nanoparticles via temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy	12
Does Raman spectroscopy recognize different G‐quadruplex arrangements?	12

Design, development, and scientific performance of the Raman Laser Spectrometer EQM on the 2020 ExoMars (ESA) Mission	12
Confocal Raman imaging as a useful tool to understand the internal microstructure of multicomponent aerogels	11
Machine learning using convolutional neural networks for SERS analysis of biomarkers in medical diagnostics	11
Vibrational study of lead bromide perovskite materials with variable cations based on Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory	11
Determination of total iron‐binding capacity of transferrin using metal organic framework‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy	11
Resonance Raman optical activity of the imidazole–Myoglobin complex: Titrating enhancement	11
Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to biochemical changes related to various cartilage injuries	11
Effect of some physical perturbations and their interplay on Raman spectral line shapes in silicon: A brief review	11
Methods to fabricate and recycle plasmonic probes for ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy‐based tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy	11
Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence open up accurate detection of pathogens from DNA‐based sub‐species level classification	11
Progress of Raman spectroscopic investigations on the structure and properties of coal	11
532‐nm‐excited hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of amino acids	11
The accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis	10
Application of Raman spectroscopy technology based on deep learning algorithm in the rapid diagnosis of glioma	10
Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: Evaluation of interindividual variability and interlab comparability	10
Improving Raman spectroscopic identification of rice varieties by feature extraction	10
Thermomechanical stress in GaN‐LEDs soldered onto Cu substrates studied using finite element method and Raman spectroscopy	10
Temperature dependent X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies of polycrystalline YCrO3 ceramics across the TC ~ 460 K	10
In situ conversion monitoring of styrene emulsion polymerization by deconvolution of a single reference band near 1,000 cm −1	10
Shedding light into the health‐beneficial properties of Corema album—A vibrational spectroscopy study	10
Diagnosing COVID‐19 in human sera with detected immunoglobulins IgM and IgG by means of Raman spectroscopy	10
μ‐Raman as a fundamental tool in the origin of natural or synthetic cinnabar: Preliminary data	10
Spectroscopic characterization of commercial pigments for pictorial retouching	10
Broadband stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with wavelength‐scanning detection	10
A review of the applications of Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer tissue diagnostic and their histopathological classification of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	10
Low‐resolution fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis: A comparison study of varying laser power, integration time, and classification methods	10
Feature‐level fusion of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for improving support vector machine in clinical bacteria identification	10
Revisiting the conformational adsorption of L‐ and D‐cysteine on Au nanoparticles by Raman spectroscopy	10
Optical nanoantenna for beamed and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy	10
Raman spectroscopy of poly (methyl methacrylate) under laser shock and static compression	10
Multivariate analysis of hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy images	10
Portable Raman can be the new hammer for architects restoring 20th‐century built heritage elements made of reinforced concrete	10
Raman anisotropy in serpentine minerals, with a caveat on identification	9
Photonic nanojet mediated Raman enhancement: Vertical Raman mapping and simple ray matrix analysis	9
Green and blue pigments in Roman wall paintings: A challenge for Raman spectroscopy	9
An SERS analytical protocol for characterizing native Japanese plant extracts	9
Pressure dependence of micro‐Raman mass spectrometry for carbon isotopic composition of carbon dioxide fluid	9
Scaling law for strain dependence of Raman spectra in transition‐metal dichalcogenides	9
Principal component analysis facilitated fast and noninvasive Raman spectroscopic imaging of plant cell wall pectin distribution and interaction with enzymatic hydrolysis	9
Raman spectroscopic determination of the degree of dissociation of nitric acid in binary and ternary mixtures with HF and H2SiF6	9
Adaptive band target entropy minimization: Optimization for the decomposition of spatially offset Raman spectra of bone	9
Tracking the fungus‐assisted biocorrosion of lead metal by Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy technique	9
Raman spectroscopy potentiality in the study of geopolymers reaction degree	9
Study of the azo‐hydrazone tautomerism of Acid Orange 20 by spectroscopic techniques: UV–Visible, Raman, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering	9
Raman spectral behavior of N2, CO2, and CH4 in N2–CO2–CH4 gas mixtures from 22°C to 200°C and 10 to 500 bars, with application to othe	9
Fentanyl detection and quantification using portable Raman spectroscopy in community drug checking	9
The correlation between experimental polarized Raman spectra and their density functional theory prediction in the LCAO framework: The R3c LiNbO3 crystal as a test case	9
Spin‐phonon coupling and two‐magnons scattering behaviors in hexagonal NiAs‐type antiferromagnetic MnTe epitaxial films	9
Understanding the degradation of the blue colour in the wall paintings of Ariadne's house (Pompeii, Italy) by non‐destructive techniques	9
Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction responses when measuring health‐related micrometre and nanometre particle size fractions of crystalline quartz and the measurement of quartz in dust samples fr	9
Laser‐induced phonon and magnon properties of NiO nanoparticles: A Raman study	9
Lake snow caused by the invasive diatom Lindavia intermedia can be discriminated from different sites and from other algae using vibrational spectroscopy	9
Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XIV	9
An algebraic alternative for the accurate simulation of CO2 Raman spectra	9
Predicting Raman line shapes from amorphous silicon clusters for estimating short‐range order	9
Effect of doping on the local structure of new block‐layered proton conductors based on BaLaInO4	9
Vector casting for noise reduction	9
Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy	9
Raman spectroscopy and correlative‐Raman technology excel as an optimal stage for carbon‐based electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage	9
A sensitive resonance Rayleigh scattering sensor for dopamine in urine using upconversion nanoparticles	9
Efficient ab initio quantum mechanical simulations of structural stability and vibrational properties of bulk, monolayer and (n,0) nanotubes: Yttrium sesquioxide Y2O3	8
Raman spectrum of layered jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3) crystals—Experimental and theoretical study	8
In situ high temperature Raman and DFT analysis of cerium fluoride and oxyfluoride structures in molten FLiNaK	8
Temperature dependence of exciton–phonon coupling and phonon anharmonicity in ZnTe thin films	8
VECTOR: Very deep convolutional autoencoders for non‐resonant background removal in broadband coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering	8
Application of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of phosphate minerals from REE supergene deposit	8
Pressure measurement and detection of small H2O amounts in high‐pressure H2O–CO2 fluid up to 141 MPa using Fermi diad splits and bandwidths of CO2	8
Raman imaging in corrosion science: High‐temperature oxidation of the zirconium alloys used in the nuclear industry as an example	8
In‐situ Raman monitoring of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline structure during a melt‐spinning process	8
Simulation of ν2 Raman band of methane as a function of pressure	8
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering probe for molecules strongly coupled with localized surface plasmon under electrochemical potential control	8
Temperature dependence of Raman scattering in GeSn films	8
Non‐invasive and in situ investigation of layers sequence in panel paintings by portable micro‐spatially offset Raman spectroscopy	8
Ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of explosive molecules with multibranched silver nanostructures	8
Particular H2O dissolution mechanism in iron‐rich melt: Application to martian basaltic melt genesis	8
Identification of biomarkers on kidney failure by Raman spectroscopy	8
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques for the study of iron weapons from Motya and Lilybaeum (Sicily, Italy): Corrosion patterns in lagoon‐like and calcarenitic hypogea environments	8
Chemical enhancement effects on protoporphyrin IX surface‐enhanced Raman spectra: Metal substrate dependence and a vibronic theory analysis	8
Raman spectroscopic search for scytonemin and gloeocapsin in endolithic colonizations in large gypsum crystals	8
Raman imaging of residual stress distribution in epoxy resin and metal interface	8

Analysis of temperature‐dependent Raman spectra of minerals: Statistical approaches	8
Vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for quantifying key bioactive components of various plum cultivars grown in New Zealand	7
Toward quantitative SERS detection in low analyte concentration by investigating the immersion volume and time of SERS substrate in analyte solution	7
Raman and infrared spectroscopic perspectives of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 4884	7
Analysis of Raman spectra for the verification of Australian grass‐ and grain‐fed beef using principal component analysis and partial least square models	7
A comparative study based on serum SERS spectra in and on the coffee ring for high precision breast cancer detection	7
Raman spectroscopy provides insight into carbonate rock fabric based on calcite and dolomite crystal orientation	7
Influence of laser shape on thermal increase during micro‐Raman spectroscopy analyses	7
Raman spectroscopy analysis of molecular configuration forms of the macular xanthophylls	7
Superhydrophobic needles tipped with 2‐dimensional arrays of plasmonic colloidal nanoparticles for microdroplet SERS analysis	7
Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering in partially oxidized thin copper film	7
Quantitative analysis on the microstructure of molten binary KF‐AlF 3 system by in situ Raman spectroscopy assisted with first principles method	7
Spectroscopic and transport properties of Ba‐ and Ti‐doped BaLaInO4	7
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopic investigation on surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical catalysis on surface coupling reaction of pyridine at Au/TiO2 junction electrodes	7
The identification of synthetic organic red pigments in historical plastics: Developing an in situ analytical protocol based on Raman microscopy	7
New insights into paper—Chemical paper analysis using Raman microscopy	7
H 2 O 2 ‐ induced hydrogen bond water networks enhanced on stimulated Raman scattering	7
Portable shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for on‐site soil analysis	7
Deep‐learning‐based denoising approach to enhance Raman spectroscopy in mass‐produced graphene	7
Fourier transform‐Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of safflower red‐dyed washi paper: pH study and bands assignment	7
Ag and Au nanostructures for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of Mospilan 20 SP (acetamiprid)	7
Detection and classification of volatile fatty acids using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering and density functional theory calculations	7
Detection of DNA bases and environmentally relevant biomolecules and monitoring ssDNA hybridization by noble metal nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets as ultrasensitive G‐SERS platforms	7
Automated weak signal extraction of hyperspectral Raman imaging data by adaptive low‐rank matrix approximation	7
Application of a handheld Raman spectrometer for the screening of colored secondary sulfates in abandoned mining areas—The case of the São Domingos Mine (Iberian Pyrite Belt)	7
Raman spectroscopic analysis and imaging in two cases of benign cementoma: Comparison with dental and bone tissues	7
Drop coating deposition Raman scattering of selected small molecules of biological importance	7
Defective cuprous oxide as a selective surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensor of dye adulteration in Chinese herbal medicines	7
Universal and simple MoO3 substrate for identification of SERS enhancement mechanism	7
Fast screening of carotenoids of gypsum endoliths using portable Raman spectrometer (Messinian gypsum, Sicily)	7
Raman spectroscopy in the quality analysis of dairy products: A literature review	7
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐based immunoassay detection of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles to differentiate pancreatic cancers from chronic pancreatitis	7
Preliminary study on the identification of synthetic cathinones in street seized samples by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics	7
Plexciton for surface enhanced Raman scattering and emission	7
Development of a gas‐phase Raman instrument using a hollow core anti‐resonant tubular fibre	7
The Raman laser spectrometer ExoMars simulator (RLS Sim): A heavy‐duty Raman tool for ground testing on ExoMars	7
Analytical solutions for the surface‐ and orientation‐averaged SERS enhancement factor of small plasmonic particles	7
Analytical database of Martian minerals (ADaMM): Project synopsis and Raman data overview	7
Micro‐Raman study of crichtonite group minerals enclosed into mantle garnet	7
Nanopipette‐based electrochemical SERS platforms: Using electrodeposition to produce versatile and adaptable plasmonic substrates	7
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as a tool to study cationic surfactants exhibiting low critical micelle concentration	7
One‐mirror, one‐grating spatial heterodyne spectrometer for remote‐sensing Raman spectroscopy	7
Experimental investigations on the regeneration of desulfurized 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate [Bmim][FeCl4] and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate [Bmim][SCN] ionic li	6
Benefits of using multiple Raman laser wavelengths for characterizing defects in a UO2 matrix	6
Raman spectroscopy study of graphene formed by “in situ” chemical interaction of an organic precursor with a molten aluminium matrix	6
Noninvasive simultaneous monitoring of pH and depth using surface‐enhanced deep Raman spectroscopy	6
Detecting pigments from gypsum endoliths using Raman spectroscopy: From field prospection to laboratory studies	6
Structure and vibrational spectra of ReSe2 nanoplates	6
tMCR‐ALS method for the determination of water concentration profiles in the stratum corneum of untreated and treated skin in vivo	6
MARSFT: Efficient fitting of CARS spectra using a library‐based genetic algorithm	6
Extensive evaluation of machine learning models and data preprocessings for Raman modeling in bioprocessing	6
Raman study of rusty oil spotted glaze produced in Linfen kilns (Shanxi province, AD 1115–1368)	6
Reliable estimation of Raman shift and its uncertainty for a non‐doped Si substrate (NMIJ CRM 5606‐a)	6
Application of chemometric methods for the determination of fading and age determination of blue ballpoint inks	6
Raman spectroscopy of holey nanographene C216	6
A novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering method for detecting fish pathogenic bacteria with Fe3O4@PEI nanocomposite and concentrated Au@Ag	6
Feature fusion combined with tissue Raman spectroscopy to screen cervical cancer	6
Raman maps reveal heterogeneous hydrogenation on carbon materials	6
Volumetric Raman chemical imaging of drug delivery systems	6
Localized phonons in Raman spectra of nanoparticles and disordered media	6
A comparison of gold and silver nanocones and geometry optimisation for tip‐enhanced microscopy	6
Sequential in situ Raman spectroscopy for observing dissociation behavior of filled‐ice Ih of methane hydrate at high pressure	6
Comparative study of multivariative analysis methods of blood Raman spectra classification	6
Human angiotensin I‐converting enzyme study by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy	6
Raman spectra of a graphite–nontronite association in marbles from Oltrek Island (Lake Baikal, Russia)	6
Applications of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology	6
	6
1‐kHz hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering thermometry of turbulent combustion in a representative aeronautical test rig	6
Effect of local changes in the composition of the LiNb1−xTaxO3 single crystal on the Raman spectra	6
Evaluation of the SERS‐based strategy in fast and on‐site food safety inspection: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace unexpected herbicide in complicated herbicide matrix	6
Characterization of a Jian‐like sherd with the optical microscope, confocal Raman, wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, and portable XRF spectrometers	6
The impact of ultraviolet laser excitation during Raman spectroscopy of hexagonal boron nitride thin films	6
Label‐free detection of polysulfides and glycogen of Cyanidium caldarium using ultra‐multiplex coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy	6
Raman scattering measurements of phonon anharmonicity in the delafossite CuGa1‐xCrxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) films	6
Ultrasensitive amyloid β‐protein quantification with high dynamic range using a hybrid graphene–gold surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy platform	6
Impact of moderate pump–Stokes chirp on femtosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectra	6
Investigating the phonon line shapes of TMDs: An analytical approach	6
Charge transfer evidence in donor–acceptor single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with sexithiophene oligomers: Nanotube diameter dependence	6
Raman scattering from the effective soft mode in lead germanate crystal	6