Fire and Materials

Article	Citations
Experimental and analytical study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete prepared with basalt fiber under high temperature	60
Effect of temperature on mechanical properties of ultra‐high performance concrete	30
An extended travelling fire method framework for performance‐based structural design	29
Evaluating the fire risk associated with cladding panels: An overview of fire incidents, policies, and future perspective in fire standards	27
Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based intumescent flame retardant and its application in polyurethane	21
Revisiting flexible polyurethane foam flammability in furniture and bedding in the United States	20
Pursuing behavioral realism in Virtual Reality for fire evacuation research	17
A model for the pyrolysis of two Nordic structural timbers	15
Experimental assessment on LPG fire extinguishing properties of three chemical powders before and after milling action	14
Effects of layered double hydroxides on the thermal and flame retardant properties of intumescent flame retardant high density polyethylene composites	14
Flame‐retardant properties and synergistic effect of ammonium polyphosphate/aluminum hydroxide/mica/silicone rubber composites	13
Enhancement of thermal stability and flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate/magnesium hydroxide composite by carbon black	13
The older adult: Associated fire risks and current challenges for the development of future fire safety intervention strategies	12
Enclosure fire dynamics with a cross‐laminated timber ceiling	12
Research of inorganic fire‐extinguishing materials on preventing and controlling gas and coal spontaneous combustion in the narrow coal pillar and adjacent goaf	12
Testing for knowledge: Application of machine learning techniques for prediction of flashover in a 1/5 scale ISO 13784‐1 enclosure	11
Thermal protective performance of firefighting protective clothing incorporated with phase change material in fire environments	11
Chemical exposure and flammability risks of upholstered furniture	11
A holistic framework for development and assessment of risk‐informed performance‐based building regulation	11
Flame‐retardant features of various boron compounds in thermoplastic polyurethane and performance comparison with aluminum trihydroxide and magnesium hydroxide	11
Effects of high heat flux exposures on tensile strength of firefighters' protective clothing	10
Towards a simplified fire dynamic simulator model to analyse fire spread between multiple informal settlement dwellings based on full‐scale experiments	10
Exploring the biomechanics of walking and crowd “flow”	10
Study the heat dissipation performance of lithium‐ion battery liquid cooling system based on flat heat pipe	10
Fire hazard of compressed straw as an insulation material for wooden structures	10

Improving fire retardancy of medium density fiberboard by nano‐wollastonite	10
Modeling pedestrian group behavior in crowd evacuations	10
Fire risk assessment in cotton storage based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and Bayesian network	10
Fire dynamics inside a large and open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns: CodeRed #01	10
Demonstrating adequate safety for a concrete column exposed to fire, using probabilistic methods	9
Influence of unwoven roving and woven fabric carbon fiber reinforcements on reaction‐to‐fire properties of polymer matrix composites	9
The effect of soaking in increasingly alkaline aqueous solutions on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of bituminous coal	9
Effects of inorganic fillers on the performance of the water‐based intumescent fire‐retardant coating	9
Reconstruction of the Grenfell Tower fire – Part 4: Contribution to the understanding of fire propagation and behaviour during horizontal fire spread	9
Studying smoldering to flaming transition in polyurethane furniture subassemblies: Effects of fabrics, flame retardants, and material type	8
The flame retardancy of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide in unsaturated polyester resins	8
Can fire cause the collapse of Plasco Building: A numerical investigation	8
Simulated pool fire testing and modeling of a composite metal foam	8
Experimental study on the effect of lateral concentrated smoke extraction on smoke stratification in the longitudinal ventilated tunnel	8
Thermo‐mechanical behaviour of cross‐laminated timber slabs under standard and natural fires	8
Comparative analysis of thermal runaway characteristics of lithium‐ion battery under oven test and local high temperature	7
Measuring human perceptions of developing room fires: The influence of situational and dispositional factors	7
Study on fire smoke flow characteristics in the ventilation network and linkage control system in coal mines	7
An overview and experimental analysis of furniture fire safety regulations in Europe	7
Combustion behavior of upholstered furniture. Important findings, practical use, and implications	7
Assessing the combustibility of claddings: A comparative study of the modified cone calorimeter method and cylindrical furnace test	7
A novel high polymer nanocomposite inhibitor for coal gangue spontaneous combustion prevention: A case study of Yangquan coal gangue in China	7
The curious case of the second/end peak in the heat release rate of wood: A cone calorimeter investigation	7
The variations of free radical and index gas CO in spontaneous combustion of coal gangue under different oxygen concentrations	7
A review of methods for determining structural fire severity—Part I: A historical perspective	7
Phosphorus esters of1‐dopyl‐1,2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethene as effective flame retardants for polymeric materials	7
Reduction of fire spalling of concrete with small doses of polypropylene fibres	7
Synergistic flame retardancy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐4‐yl)phosphite and tris(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine/Sb2O3 in high‐impact polystyrene	7
Synergistic flame retardancy of bis(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)sebacate and aluminium hypophosphite/melamine hydrobromide in PP	7
Modeling the thermal decomposition and residual mass of a carbon fiber epoxy matrix composite with a phenomenological approach: Effect of the reaction scheme	7
Experimental investigation of human tenability and sprinkler protection in hospital room fires	7
The study of coupling effects of humidity‐heat on the protection performance of protective clothing for fire fighting	6
FDS simulations and modelling efforts of travelling fires in a large elongated compartment	6
Performance of type X gypsum board on timber to non‐standard fire exposure	6
Experimentation on minimum ignition temperature for boron blended fireworks flash powder dust cloud at normal and inert environmental conditions	6
Assessing smoke toxicity of burning combustibles by four expressions for fractional effective dose	6
Bond behaviour of rebar in concrete at elevated temperatures: A soft computing approach	6
Novel super‐absorbent polymer‐grafted tea polyphenol composite inhibitor for the prevention of coal spontaneous combustion	6
Investigation on the suppression characteristic of deoxidization gel foam on coal spontaneous combustion	6
Performance of clay masonry prisms with light weight plaster exposed to standard fire exposure	6
Automated fitting of thermogravimetric analysis data	6
Influence of carbon nanoparticle geometry on the fire resistance and anti‐aging properties of intumescent fire‐retardant coatings	6
Smoldering ignition and emission dynamics of wood under low irradiation	6
Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups	6
Review of fire experiments in mass timber compartments: Current understanding, limitations, and research gaps	6
Flame‐retardant thermoplastic polyurethane based on reactive phosphonate polyol	6
Improving thermal and flame retardant properties of sorbitol‐based bioepoxy systems by phosphorus‐based flame retardants	5
Preparation of a novel synergistic flame retardant and its application in silicone rubber composites	5
Demonstration of an all‐in‐one solution for fire safe upholstery furniture: A benign backcoating for smoldering and flame‐resistant cover fabrics	5
Temperature effect on the physical and mechanical properties of parallel strand bamboo	5

Influence of multisource fire on temperature distribution and natural smoke exhaust effect in urban tunnels with a shaft	5
Study on characteristics of methane explosion flame and pressure wave propagation to the non‐methane area in a connected chamber	5
Flame retardant investigations on carbon fibre‐reinforced polyurethane resin parts for aircraft applications produced by wet compression moulding	5
Investigation of sintering properties and ceramifying process of amorphous silica/mica‐based ceramifiable polyethylene composites	5
A review of methods for determining structural fire severity—Part II: Analysis and review	5
Smouldering fire and emission characteristics of Eucalyptus litter fuel	5
Effects of substrate thermal conditions on the swelling of thin intumescent coatings	5
The impact of halogen free phosphorus, inorganic and nitrogen flame retardants on the toxicity and density of smoke from 10 common polymers	5
Interactions between calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in low‐borate concentration hydrocarbon intumescent coatings	5
Research on the influence of wollastonite fibers on the stability of foam extinguishment agent and its effect on the extinguishing efficiency of pool fire	5
Effect of aryl phosphates on toxicity of combustion gases of flame‐retardant polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends according to EN 45545 railway standard	5
Soft furnishing fires: They're still a problem	5
In‐situ synthesis and adhesion method to prepare phosphorous–nitrogen compounds flame‐retardant wood pulp paper with high efficiency and durability	5
Preparation and flame retardancy of flax fabric/polybenzoxazine laminates	5
Experimental study of flame spread over PE‐insulated single copper core wire under varying pressure and electric current	5
Reduced‐scale test to assess the effect of fire barriers on the flaming combustion of cored composites: An upholstery‐material case study	5
European approach to assess the fire performance of façades	5
Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gaseous fuels supplied through a porous copper calorimeter	5
Fire safe, sustainable loose furnishing	5
Impact of ventilation on the fire dynamics of an open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns: CodeRed #02	5
A modified specimen holder for cone calorimeter testing of composite materials to reduce influence from specimen edges	5
Identification and characterization of design fires and particle emissions to be used in performance‐based fire design of nuclear facilities	5
A novel intrinsic flame‐retardant waterborne poly(urethane) copolymers containing phosphorus‐nitrogen	5
The performance of laminated glass subjected to constant heat fluxes related to building fires	4
Cross‐comparison of screening tests for fire spalling of concrete	4
An efficient fire detection algorithm based on multi‐scale convolutional neural network	4
Fire injury analysis	4
Incorporation of technical, human and organizational risks in a dynamic probabilistic fire risk model for high‐rise residential buildings	4
External fire plumes from mass timber compartment fires—Comparison to test methods for regulatory compliance of façades	4
Effect of shielding rates on upward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in vertical channel and heat transfer mechanism	4
The chemical structure of a 30 cm methanol pool fire	4
Evaluation of small scale n‐heptane fire extinguishing efficacy by natural antioxidants based pyrotechnic compositions: An experimental study	4
Experimental investigation of the suppression effects of ammonium polyphosphate on explosion characteristics of unsaturated polyester resin dust	4
Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study	4
An experimental evaluation of the equivalence ratios in tests apparatus used for fire effluent toxicity studies	4
Fire performance of non‐load‐bearing double‐stud light steel frame walls: Experimental tests, numerical simulation, and simplified method	4
Fuel effects on aqueous film formation and foam degradation and their impact on fire suppression by foams containing fluorosurfactants	4
Temperature analysis of steel structures protected by intumescent paint with steel claddings in fire	4
Burning biases: Mitigating cognitive biases in fire engineering	4
Experimental study of time‐averaged upward fire propagation speed of expanded polystyrene external thermal insulation composite systems masonery façade	4
Development of a numerically efficient approach based on coupled CFD/FEM analysis for virtual fire resistance tests—Part B: Deformation process of a steel structure	4
Experimental study and analysis of radiation heat fluxes received by a floor beneath an inclined ceiling	4
Emergency egress for the elderly in care home fire situations	4
Experimental study on vertical temperature profile of EPS external thermal insulation composite systems masonery façade fire according to JIS A 1310 method	4
Influence of modern plastic furniture on the fire development in fires in homes: large‐scale fire tests in living rooms	4
Elevated temperature thermal properties of advanced materials used in LSF systems	4
Evaluating the use of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate as a mineral‐based fire retardant for application in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF)‐bonded wood‐based composite materials	4
Post‐fire behavior of CFRP retrofitted thin‐walled steel tanks	4
Performance and failure mechanism of fire barriers in full‐scale chair mock‐ups	4
Flame‐retardant treatment of Lyocell fibers and effects on various fiber properties	4
Numerical and experimental study of cedar façade fire	4
Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data	4
Inhibition of aluminum‐silicon alloy dust explosion and flame by KH2PO4/montmorillonite composite powder	4
Experimental study on the burning behavior of cardboard box fire under low air pressure	3
Use of the modified controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter for the assessment of fire effluents generated by burning wood under different ventilation conditions	3
Experimental investigation on fire smoke bifurcation flow in longitudinal ventilated tunnels	3
Synthesis of copper(II)‐zinc‐molybdenum compounds as smoke suppressants for PVC compositions	3
Numerical investigation on the characteristics of lateral smoke extraction in the immersed road tunnel	3
Standardization of high‐temperature specific heat capacity test parameters of fire‐resistant gypsum board	3
Phosphorylated avocado seed: A renewable biomaterial for preparing a flame retardant biofiller	3
Insulation failure of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to flame	3
Effect of metro train on the critical driving force for preventing smoke back‐layering in tunnel fires	3
Application of a judgement method to regulatory impact assessments for sprinkler protection to English high‐rise residential buildings	3
The combustion behavior of epoxy‐based multifunctional electrolytes	3
Synthesis of a novel type of high‐efficiency boron‐containing Schiff base flame retardant for epoxy resin	3
Flame retardancy, combustion, and ceramization behavior of ceramifiable flame‐retardant room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber foam	3
New copper(II)‐coordinated epoxy‐amine polymers with flame‐self‐extinguishment properties: Elaboration, combustibility testing, and flame propagation rate measuring	3
Experimental and numerical analysis of the thermal and mechanical behaviour of steel and recycled aggregate concrete composite elements exposed to fire	3
Experimental study on heat transfer of tunnel fire under the influence of longitudinal ventilation and water mist system	3
Experimental investigation into the influence of ignition location on flame spread and heat release rates of polyurethane foam slabs	3
Method for collecting data of children descending movement on stairs in schools	3
Evaluation of the room smoke filling time for fire plumes: Influence of the room geometry	3
Comparison of smoke component yields between room‐scale and bench‐scale experiments	3
Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors	3
Experimental fire testing of large‐scale glass fibre‐reinforced polymer‐reinforced concrete beams with mid‐span straight‐end bar lap splices	3
Multi‐scale simulations of the thermal degradation of thin wooden plates: Evaluation of two kinetic mechanisms	3
The impact of carrying load on physical performance during ascending evacuation movement	3
A new test method to determine the fire behavior of façades with etic system	3
Preparation, thermal properties and permeabilities of aluminum‐coated fabrics destined for thermal radiation protective clothing	3
A method to improve the determination of ignition probability in buildings based on Bayesian network	3

Performance of a ventilated‐façade system under fire conditions: An experimental investigation	3
Experimental investigation of structural failure during the cooling phase of a fire: Timber columns	3
Mechanical and fire characterization of composite material made of polyethylene matrix and dry chemical powder obtained from end‐of‐life extinguishers	3
Developing an artificial intelligent model for predicting combustion and flammability properties	3
Acceptance criteria for products according to the cone calorimeter	3
Walking speed reduction rates at intersections while wayfinding indoors: An experimental study	3
Numerical model for tracing the response of Ultra‐High performance concrete beams exposed to fire	3
Smoke development and movement during ventilation‐limited fires in a multi‐storey house	3
Determining flow resistance through vegetation canopy	3
Tensile strength of wood in high temperatures before charring	3
Modeling of hot water and steam protective performance of fabrics used in Firefighters' clothing	3
Spatiotemporal mapping of evacuee response	2
A calibration and sampling technique for quantifying the chemical structure in fires using GC/MSD analysis	2
Study on the flame morphological characteristics of dual fire sources in tunnel under longitudinal ventilation	2
Headspace sampling‐gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer as a screening method to thermally extract fireground contaminants from retired firefighting turnout jackets	2
Ignition temperature of combustible liquids in mixtures of air with nitrous oxide	2
Solving the soft furnishings fire problem (without incurring collateral damage)	2
Thermal response of timber connections in the cooling phase	2
Bedding ignition, vertical flame spread and subsequent thermal impact on underlying mattress	2
Development of a new intermediate‐scale box test on sandwich panel products compared with ISO 13784‐1 room test and EN 13501‐1 classification system	2
Analyzing ignition data for fire modeling purposes	2
Study of the influence of low air pressures on fire behavior and burn‐through of aircraft cargo liner	2
Rigid polyurethane foam compounds with excellent fire performance modified by a piperazine pyrophosphate/expandable graphite synergistic system	2
Evaluating the communication within fire and rescue services and the NHS on the fire risk of emollients in accordance of the MHRA safety update	2
Prediction of UL‐94V tests performed on a wide range of polymeric materials using a comprehensive pyrolysis model coupled with an empirical flame heat feedback model	2
An approach for developing probabilistic models for temperature‐dependent properties of construction materials from fire tests and small data	2
Fire resistance of wood stud wall assemblies	2
Investigation of the thermal behavior effect of the surrounding material environment on the swirling flame structure	2
Toward understanding ignition vulnerabilities to firebrand showers using reduced‐scale experiments	2
Study on the flow characteristics of fire extinguishing agent FK‐5‐1‐12 in the pipeline release process	2
AAMKS—Integrated cloud‐based application for probabilistic fire risk assessment	2
Reconstruction of the Grenfell Tower fire—Part 5: Contribution to the understanding of the tenability conditions inside the apartments following the façade fire	2
Numerical analysis of smoke flow under the effect of longitudinal airflow in a tunnel fire	2
Preparation of a ternary hybrid of P‐g‐C3N4@PGS‐Ti and its enhancement of the flame retardancy of epoxy resins	2
Number concentration and size distribution of soot aerosols of heptane fire at low pressures	2
Study on the merged flame height and radiative heat flux distribution from square propane fire arrays	2
A building information modeling‐fire dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartment: Numerical impl	2
Application of the PAPP/MCA/APP intumescent flame retardant system in polypropylene	2
Investigation on quenching characteristics of parallel narrow channels for deflagration flames	2
Experimental testing on timber connections considering the influence of gap size and intumescent sealants	2
Burning material behaviour in hypoxic environments: An experimental study examining a representative storage arrangement of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyethylene bubble wrap, and cardboard lay	2
Experimental evaluation of tri‐hydrated aluminium in fire‐retardant properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers	2
Experimental investigation on burning characteristics of diesel pool fires in naturally ventilated compartment	2
Estimating the impact of the mattress fire safety Standard 16 CFR Part 1633 on bed fire outcomes	2
Impact of partial encapsulation on the fire dynamics of an open‐plan compartment with exposed timber ceiling and columns:CodeRed #04	2
Electrical fire risk assessment of high‐rise buildings based on hybrid decision model considering asymmetric proximity	2
Spatiotemporal measurement of light extinction coefficients in compartment fires	2
Experimental investigation on the influence of annular pool shape characteristics on n‐heptane ring fires	2
Synergistic fire‐retardancy properties of melamine coated ammonium poly(phosphate) in combination with rod‐like mineral filler attapulgite for polymer‐modified bitumen roofing membranes	2
Upward flame spread and self‐induced buoyant blow‐off over two‐sided thin fabric at different inclination angles	2
The effect of oxygen concentration on selected industrial products in the open controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter	2
Evaluation of smoke gas toxicity and smoke density of bus interior materials	2
Insights into the particle diameter and base chosen for dry powder fire extinguishing agents	2
Review and prospects of research on materials to prevent and extinguish mine fires	2
Experimental investigation of the effects of a sidewall and cable arrangement on a horizontal cable tray fire in an open atmosphere	2
Investigation of ammonium polyphosphate dilution with ground eggshells and lignin through the study of natural fibre composite flammability	2
Fire resistance of aluminium‐glazed partitions depending on their height	2
Evaluating the suppression effectiveness of hybrid nitrogen and water mist with a cup burner coflowing flame	2
Comparing the ignition and burning hazards of sugar‐cane bagasse and hemp epoxy composites	2