International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Article	Citations
Nonuniform straddling fatigue crack propagation on the interface between dissimilar materials	210
Mechanical properties of high ductility stainless steel for HVAC refrigerant piping	129
Corrosion susceptibility behavior in 12Cr–1Mo martensitic stainless steel welded by SAW process and the effect of δ-ferrite in the HAZ	73
Estimation of UTS from small punch test using an improved method	63
Editorial Board	58
Assessment of prior fatigue damage and a new approach to predict remanent creep rupture of P92 steel	58
Welding distortion investigation of rotary drill rig pipe with radial loading transition bars	56
The stability of anchored cylindrical steel tanks with a secondary stiffening ring	55
Corrigendum to ‘Theoretical and experimental research on the critical buckling pressure of the thin-walled metal liner installed in the composite overwrapped pressure vessel’ [Int. J. Press. Vessels P	53
Vibration test and fatigue test for failure probability evaluation method with integrated energy	50
The whole-life ratcheting behavior of internal pressurized elbow subjected to force and displacement cycling with a damage-coupled kinematic hardening model	47
Investigation of corrosion effects on the performance of underground steel pipelines under blast loading and a solution for retrofitting	45
A residual stress control strategy with heat treatment in cylinder girth weld of pressure vessels: Effect of heating sequence and frequency	41
Research on fusion regulation mechanism of dissimilar steel welds based on compound magnetic field	40
Experimental and numerical analysis of transient thermal stresses on thick-walled cylinder	38
Investigations of hydrogen diffusion and embrittlement behavior in tempered high-strength carbon steel AISI 4130	38
Resilience analysis of stress corrosion cracking in AISI 4340 steel under varying industrial electrochemical conditions	37
Microstructural and mechanical analysis of double pass dissimilar welds of twinning induced plasticity steel to austenitic/duplex stainless steels	37
Machine learning approaches for creep rupture life prediction of metallic materials: A comprehensive review	37
Forecasting pipeline safety and remaining life with machine learning methods and SHAP interaction values	34
Determination of creep behavior of vessel steel Q345R at elevated temperatures	32
Experimental investigation on full-scale fracture behavior and dynamic response of supercritical CO2 pipelines with N2 impurities	32
A procedure for predicting failure moment of stainless steel pipes with a circumferential crack under bending load	31
Mechanical stress analysis of various GPHE corrugated plates during the assembly and in working conditions	30
Evaluation of test methodologies for assessing SCC-CO2 in tensile armor of flexible pipes	29

Investigating the impact of roller position on pressure tube-end fitting rolled joint performance using 3D explicit finite element analysis	29
Development of an experimental-analytical method for obtaining optimal two-layer welding window of a Ni–Cr–Mo–V alloy steel	29
A novel refined Caputo kernel and constitutive concepts for semi-exact nonlinear dynamic and creep analyses of suddenly pressurized hollow fractional-order visco-hyperelastic cylinders	28
Analysis of the influence of clamp installation position on vibration stress for spatial pipeline	28
Fatigue crack growth and slow crack growth of HDPE pipes under internal pressure and flat plate compression	28
Computational elastodynamics of functionally graded thick-walled cylinders and annular coatings subjected to pressure shocks	28
Thermomechanical stress analysis and fatigue lifetime evaluation of coal-fired boiler components during peak shaving transient processes: Effects of load cycling rate	28
Development, validation, and verification of multi-pass thermo-mechanical welding simulations using the open-source MOOSE framework: NeT TG4 benchmark weldment	28
Earthquake damage mitigation methods for buried pipelines under compressive loads: A case study of the Thames water pipeline	28
Analysis of dynamic mechanical properties and impact response of X80 pipeline girth welds: An experimental and numerical investigation	27
Evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture of high-frequency electric-resistance welded X65 pipeline steel	27
Identification of material parameters of shear-modified GTN model and improvement in reproducibility of pure shear fracture	27
A data fusion and causal method for estimating pipeline strain resulting from ground movement	26
Mechanical responses of L450 steel under biaxial loading in the presence of the stress discontinuity	26
The role of primary and tertiary creep in defining the form of the Monkman-Grant relation using the 4-θ methodology: An application to a 1CrMoV rotor steel	26
Novel numerical fluid–structure interaction modeling with an advanced damage model for blast wave assessment in X65 pipeline dynamic gas burst tests	26
Generation and classification models of ultrasonic signals in aged cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS)	25
Microstructural evolutions and mechanical behavior of Inconel 625 CMT cladding layers during accelerated thermal aging	25
Stresses in pipes subject to thermal fluctuations and linear temperature ramps	25
Buckling behavior of sandwich pipe under external pressure and lateral load	25
Stress corrosion crack propagation behavior in cold worked low-alloy steel SA508 in simulated primary water of PWR	25
Optimizing the butt-weld process of pipes based on the inherent strain approach	25
Size the reinforcement rings of all your openings with 2pDeE. Envelope formula of mechanical strength through a new synthetic approach: Ordinal Correlation Algorithm	24
Machine learning-assisted probabilistic creep life assessment for high-temperature superheater outlet header considering material uncertainty	24
Numerical simulation of residual stress in post internal-welding process of bimetal composite pipe and optimization of welding sequence	24
Digital twin based predictive diagnosis approach for submarine suspended pipelines	24
Surrogate model development using simulation data to predict weld residual stress: A case study based on the NeT-TG1 benchmark	24
Creep in welded AISI 310 steel – An experimental comparison between fracture and phase transformation	24
A ratcheting assessment method based on cumulative damage	23
Experimental study on the corrosion and crack resistance of Incoloy 825 under long-term exposure to elemental sulfur, H2S, and CO2 environment	23
Numerical predictions of low cyclic fatigue and creep-fatigue behavior of P92 steel under non-isothermal-mechanical loading	23
Evaluating critical SZW and its variation using curved CT specimens used in pressure tubes material testing of nuclear reactor	23
Stress distribution characteristics and intelligent online monitoring methods for multilayer wound pressure vessel	23
Effect of Nb on microstructure and corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel	23
Uncertain frequency response analysis of clamp-pipe systems via the coordinate transformed polynomial chaos expansion	23
Experimental study on the bond-slip behavior of steel tube-coal gangue concrete	23
Editorial Board	22
Likelihood-free Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for modeling piping degradation and remaining useful life prediction using the mixed gamma process	22
A probabilistic creep damage model for studying the dispersion of small punch creep test and uniaxial tensile creep test	22
Study on fracture assessment by GTN model for BWR reactor internals based on material properties of simulated irradiated stainless steels	22
Interaction between surface breaking and embedded circumferential flaws in tension loaded (pressurized) steel pipes	22
On the application of PINN-style physics-regularised neural networks to high-temperature creep rupture life prediction	21
An experimental investigation on the multi-objective optimization of laser cladding repairing process parameters for hydrogenation reactors	21
Experimental study on slow tensile, fatigue, and impact on X42 steel and #20 carburizing steel	21
A probabilistic-based numerical modeling of natural gas pipelines with random corrosion morphology	21
Probabilistic fracture mechanics benchmarking study of PASCAL-SP code with xLPR code regarding primary water stress corrosion cracking	21
Effect of residual stress on the axial buckling behaviour of the hydraulic-formed bellows	21
Microstructure and mechanical properties of TIG and TIG+ FCAW automatic welded joints of X70 pipeline steel at 45° slope	21
Probabilistic fatigue life prediction of notched specimens based on modified stress field intensity method under multiaxial loading	20
Degradation of microstructure and strength properties of heat-resistant steels operating under variable loads	20

Research on the factors of hydrogen induced fracture behavior of AISI 304: loading level, stress concentration and stress state	20
Ultimate strength of externally pressurised steel spheres containing through-thickness defects	20
Study on stress concentration and fatigue life of tubing with slip indentation	20
High-temperature bulging technique for manufacturing titanium alloy spherical pressure vessels using single-curvature polyhedron	20
Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of buried steel pipeline subjected to the local subsidence	20
Leakage localization in an underground pressurized pipeline in steady-state	20
Optimization design on resonance avoidance for 3D piping systems based on wave approach	19
Questions relating to the reliable extrapolation of creep rupture data	19
Numerical analysis of burst pressure and maximum inflation height of aluminium made pillow plates	19
Numerical and experimental analysis of welding parameters on residual stress in stainless steel 304L using ultrasonic methods	19
Impact of process parameters on temperature and residual stress distribution of X80 pipe girth welds	19
Retraction notice to “Analytical and CFD analysis investigation of fluid-structure interaction during water hammer for straight pipe line” [Int. J. Pres. Ves. Pip. 194 Part A (2021) 104528]	19
Safety evaluation and life prediction of hoop-wrapped steel-liner pressure vessels with carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic in an ultra-high-pressure hydrogen environment	18
Improved SWT model for predicting multiaxial fatigue life of bellows under combined movement load	18
Numerical assessment of bolt-tightening procedures in HDPE-steel flange assemblies	18
Structural assumption on design of rounded rectangular bellows under pressure	18
Radiation hardening and embrittlement of the base and weld metal of VVER-1000 reactor pressure vessels	18
Status diagnosis and feature tracing of the natural gas pipeline weld based on improved random forest model	18
Development of stress intensity factor equations for rectangular shaped surface flaws in a plate	18
Machine learning modeling and experimental study to forecast the pressure of Very High-Pressure (VHP) steam in an industrial steam cracking process	18
Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of simulated heat-affected zone in G115 steel	18
Effect of weld oxides on hydrogen induced cracking of API X65 sour high frequency induction welded pipe	17
Study on the stability of multi-span U-shaped pipe conveying fluid with complex constraints	17
Improved J and COD estimation equations covering long circumferential through-wall cracks in pipes: I- bending	17
A simplified toughness estimation method based on standard tensile data	17
Effects of oxygen level and temperature on hydrogen embrittlement behavior of API pipeline steels	17
Structural features ensuring the increase of service characteristics of high-nickel steels for pressure vessels of prospective energy-generation reactors	17
Microstructure and corrosion of SS316L–IN718 functionally graded structure deposited using twin-wire gas tungsten arc-based wire and arc additive manufacturing	17
Study on the hydrogen diffusion behavior in pipeline girth welds based on segmented moving double ellipsoid heat source model	17
A study of creep rupture life prediction for P91 steel with machine learning method: Model selection and sensitivity analysis	17
Experimental investigation on creep behaviors and life prediction across phase-transformation of thermal aged 16MND5 steel	17
An improved creep damage mechanics model and its application to evaluate creep strain design codes for hot outlet manifold in steam reformer furnace	17
Improvement of the return mapping algorithm based on the implicit function theorem with application to ductile fracture analysis using the GTN model	16
Residual stresses in austenitic thin-walled pipe girth welds: Manufacture and measurements	16
Direct measurement of the resistance to ductile fracture propagation	16
Stress intensity factor solution for pressurized vessel nozzle corner crack subjected to an arbitrary stress distribution using the influence coefficient method	16
Experimental and numerical investigation of ratcheting behavior in seamless carbon steel 90° elbow pipe with small dimensions under constant internal pressure and in-plane cyclic bending	16
Reassessment of Thor® 115 parent metal performance including consideration of notch behavior	16
The structural strain method for fatigue evaluation of welded components: Analytical treatment of reversed plasticity	16
Editorial Board	16
An efficient method for determining the constitutive relationships of pipeline girth welded joints based on micro-area material testing and machine learning	16
Failure analyses for plate monotonic/cyclic and elbow out-of-plane cyclic loading tests using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model	16
Regularities of the creep deformation and failure of 15Kh2NMFA-A steel within the temperature range of 900–1200 °C	16
Ensemble machine learning model for prediction of inner welding defects in orbital GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) process with monitored by multi-sensor system	15
Evolution of phase ratio and its effect on residual stress for 2205 duplex stainless steel multipass welded joints by thermo-metallurgical-mechanical model	15
Investigation into microstructures and properties of AISI 430 ferritic steel butt joints fabricated by GMAW	15
Effect of pressure on yield loci of plastic load for cracked elbow under combined loading conditions: Internal pressure, In-plane and out-of-plane bending	15
Machine learning-based prediction models of single weld bead attributes in wire arc additive manufacturing of Inconel 625 superalloy and process map generation	15
Identification of coating layer pipeline defects based on the GA-SENet-ResNet18 model	15
The performance enhancement of containment with fiber reinforcement following a LOCA considering different ambient conditions	15
Fracture toughness estimation from notched small punch test using 3D-DIC	15
Mode I stress intensity factors for pressurized pipes with multiple cracks: Two coplanar identical semi-elliptical internal surface cracks in the longitudinal direction	15
Investigation of crack initiation characteristic of HT200 plate specimen with an inclined surface crack under uniaxial compression	15
Research on magnetic flux leakage testing of pipelines by finite element simulation combined with artificial neural network	15
Hydrodynamic pressures and mechanical behaviour of unanchored rigid tanks subjected to rocking accelerations	15
Fatigue life analysis of API X65 pipelines with longitudinal crack repaired by compressive sleeve	15
Optimization of heating sequences for joint installation of district heating pipeline with heat-shrinkable PEX casing	15
Numerical investigation of liquid-solid erosion in unbonded flexible pipes	15
Experimental and numerical investigation of vertical shock tube performance for blast load testing of geological media	15
Probabilistic fracture mechanics analyses of a reactor pressure vessel using the irradiation embrittlement evaluation based on the Bayesian nonparametric method	14
Friction stir welding of industrial grade AISI 316L and P91 steel pipes: A comparative investigation based on mechanical and metallurgical properties	14
Characterizing the cyclic behavior of piping T-joint connections	14
Controlling method of the welding residual stress in support platform of hydrogenation reactor	14
Impact of different welding processes on the pneumatic bulge test at a high temperature: Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Laser Beam Welding	14
A shell equilibrium modeling for stress distribution of offshore tubular joints	14
Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of wire arc additive manufactured martensitic stainless steel 410 for pressure vessel applications	14
Innovative rotary friction welding of heat exchanger tube nozzles on high pressure headers	14
HTHA-induced degradation in boilers: A life assessment approach using advanced NDT, metallography, and strategic maintenance	14
Multi-objective calibration of elastic-viscoplastic models to capture the elevated-temperature creep and tensile behaviour of alloy 617	14
Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M	14
A new method for predicting reference temperature of ferritic steel using finite element analysis and master curve method	14
Effect of ion penetration on the aging of EPDM components used in caustic liquid transfer lines by microscopic analysis	14
Low hydrogen pressure effect over microhardness and impact toughness of an experimental X-120 microalloyed steel	14
A novel procedure to determine the hoop mechanical properties of pipe materials using ring elongation testing technique	14
Degradation behavior of a 12 % Cr tempered martensite ferritic steel after 20 years of service	13
Buckling design of corrugated cylindrical hulls with variable wall thickness under uniform external pressure–Simulation and validation	13
Experimental investigation for multi-defect detection of industrial pipeline based on passive infrared thermal imaging analysis: A case study	13
Development and experimental validation of a thermo-metallurgical-mechanical model of the laser metal deposition (LMD) process	13
Effect of multi-element synergistic addition on the microstructure evolution and performance enhancement of laser hot-wire cladded Fe-based alloy	13
Shakedown analysis of FG structures under cyclic mechanical and thermal loads	13

Leak-before-break and other concepts of break-exclusion	13
A new shakedown evaluation method for design of thermo-expanded piping-vessel combined system	13
Failure analysis of a P11 steel reheater header: Transgranular stress corrosion cracking induced by chromium depletion, tri-layered oxidation, and multi-stress coupling	13
Neural network-aided constitutive modeling of cyclic softening in 2.25Cr–1Mo steel across temperatures and strain amplitudes	13
Free and forced vibration of fluid-filled laminated cylindrical shell under hydrostatic pressure	13
Application of indentation test on strength characterization of the dissimilar metal welded joint	13
Limit and shakedown analysis of double-layer tube considering different material properties	13
Prediction of the internal corrosion rate for oil and gas pipelines and influence factor analysis with interpretable ensemble learning	13
Low cycle fatigue behavior of 2.25Cr1MoV steel under notch-induced multiaxial stress states at high temperature	12
Stress relaxation assessment of high-temperature bolts under combined biaxial loads: Theory and simulation	12
Multiaxial thermomechanical fatigue damage mechanism and life prediction model of 316H stainless steel	12
Neutron diffraction, finite element and analytical investigation of residual strains of autofrettaged thick-walled pressure vessels	12
Influence of microstructure on the micro-region fracture toughness of the 30Cr2Ni4MoV turbine rotor welded joint	12
Effects of PWHT on microstructure and mechanical properties of the 5 % Ni steel MAG welded joints	12
Effect of confining pressure on the structural integrity of NEPE solid propellant grain	12
Seismic vulnerability assessment of spherical and horizontal-cylindrical storage tanks through finite element analyses and observational data	12
Numerical simulation of welding residual stress in Incoloy 825/L360QS bimetal clad tube	12
Very high cycle fatigue of austenitic stainless steels and their welds for reactor internals at ambient temperature and 300 °C	12
Comparative analysis of the design rules of hemispherical, torispherical, and ellipsoidal heads under external pressure	12
Experimental study of S-N curves for carbon steel socket welded joints in nuclear power plant small-bore piping	12
A TSC model for pipelines girth weld considering variations in toughness across different regions	12
Analysis of influencing factors on multi-source data acquisition and tensile performance prediction for spherical indentation tests (SITs)	12
Composite repair method for internally damaged cylinders subjected to external pressure	12
Study of physicochemical properties of polyethylene gas pipelines material with a prolonged service life	12
Numerical investigation on stress intensity factor solutions of nozzle corner cracks in reactor pressure vessels	12
Effect of cobalt on Microstructure and toughness properties of 9Cr-1.8W-0.4Ni-xCo weld metal	12
Safety and stability analysis of variable cross-section disc-buckle type steel pipe high support system	12
A study on creep and creep crack growth correlation methodology in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel	12
An investigation on fatigue life assessment of alloy 718 at different load ratio and elevated temperatures	12
Leakage diagnosis of natural gas pipeline based on multi-source heterogeneous information fusion	12
Impact properties of modified 9Cr 1Mo steel welds: Comparison between cold wire and hot wire gas tungsten arc welding processes	12
Fatigue life of elbow pipe for in-plane loading (Part I: Stainless steel)	12
Time-dependent reliability of corroded mild steel pipes by different failure modes	12
Weld overlaying of corrosion-resistant filler metals on A516 G-70 carbon steel	12
Study on the tensile properties of reinforced thermoplastic pipes under different internal pressures and temperatures	11
Review of limit load solutions of smooth pipe bends Part I: Defect-free bends	11
Failure behavior for the thickness change of pipe elbows in nuclear power plant piping system	11
Reliability analysis of subsea connectors based on the GM-K model using thermal-structural coupling	11
Comprehensive analysis of the influence of hydrogen blending ratio on the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of X42 pipeline steel	11
Knowledge gaps in fitness-for-service assessment procedures; summary of the 2nd ‘mind the gap’ workshop	11
Editorial Board	11
Multiaxial fatigue life prediction model based on an improved strain energy density criterion	11
Strain fracture behaviors and crack equivalence of X80 welded joints with non-sharp notches at weld root	11
Modified version of Monkman-Grant equation for Gr.91 by incorporating “strain to minimum creep rate” parameter	11
Burst pressure of thin-walled pipes with arbitrarily orientated isolated surface corrosion defect	11
Double vibratory stress relief treatment of welded pipes as an alternative to heat stress relief treatment: Effects on hardness, Charpy impact energy and CTOD	11
Editorial Board	11
Ultrasonic guided wave techniques and applications in pipeline defect detection: A review	11
Fiber spreading analysis of filament-wound pressure vessel considering deflection angle	11
Investigation on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of dual phase stainless steel joints welded by GTAW and SAW methods	11
Small punch evaluation of mechanical properties for 310S stainless steel considering pre-strain effect	11
Constraint characterization and fracture initiation analysis for semi-elliptical surface cracks in reactor pressure vessel	11
Applicability investigation on failure assessment diagram of ASME code section XI - Appendix H for ferritic nuclear piping	11
Performance of buried pipeline under reverse fault in permafrost region	11
Microstructure and creep rupture strength of 2 kinds of P91 steels with abnormally low hardness	11
Experimental evaluation of multiple-component residual stress distribution in a dissimilar metal repair joint of ferritic/martensitic steel using the asymmetric-cut and the symmetric-cut contour metho	11
Enhancing non-metallic gasket performance with shape memory fibers	11
Numerical sensitivity analysis of corroded pipes and burst pressure prediction using finite element modeling	11
Creep life prediction of 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel using cross-material transfer learning, automatic hyperparameter optimization, and Bagging ensemble	11
Investigation of the layup design in filament-wound GFRP composite pipes based on pseudo-ductility	11
Controlling factors for creep rates and relating parameters of Gr.91 steel in transient region	11
Multi-factor corrosion model of TP110TS steel in H2S/CO2 coexistence and life prediction of petroleum casings	11
Gas Tungsten arc welding of Ti-6Al-4V sheet for pressure vessels used in aerospace application: A detailed characterization of weldment	11
Failure investigation of the inconel 783 alloy bolt used in an ultra-supercritical power plant	11
A comprehensive comparison of creep-fatigue life assessment through leading industrial codes	11
Investigating the effects of shroud and blade thickness profiles on aeromechanical behavior and fatigue-life of 17-4PH impellers	11
Effect of residual stress on creep life of welded helical tubes for HTGR-SMR steam generators	11
Fracture mechanics analysis of a closure head of a PWR reactor pressure vessel LEFM-based SIF	11
Effect of Post-Weld Tempering on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded P91/304L Steel Joints Fabricated via AF-GTAW with AlCoFeCrNi2.1 EHEA Interlayer	11
Multiaxial ratcheting-fatigue evaluation of pressurized elbow pipe under strong cyclic loading using damage-coupled cyclic plasticity model	10
Calibration, validation, and selection of hydrostatic testing-based remaining useful life prediction models for polyethylene pipes	10
Long-term thermal aging experiment on cast austenitic stainless steel and its effects on the parameters of nonlinear ultrasonic measurement	10
Investigation of buckling capacity behaviours of corroded tanks	10
A P–S–N curve fitting method based on mixed Weibull distribution and expectation-maximization algorithm	10
Failure assessment of corroded offshore pipelines using code-based approaches and a combination of numerical analysis and artificial neural network	10
Investigation of corrosion behavior of 5Cr steel in CO₂-silty sand environment: Effects of hydrodynamic impact angles	10
A novel adaptive noise reduction method for field natural gas pipeline defect detection signals	10
Failure analysis of polytetrafluoroethylene lined pipe under thermal shock	10
Two-step feature extraction of acoustic emission signals for leakage detection of valves in gas pipelines	10
Geometry effects on the pressure-temperature limit curve of small modular reactor vessel	10
Experimental and numerical study on the indentation response of mechanically lined pipe	10
Towards understanding of corrosion behaviors of Q235A pipeline steel subjected to simulated direct stray current interference in different electrolytes	10
Effect of gasket material on flange face corrosion	10
Real scenario analysis of buried natural gas pipeline leakage based on soil-atmosphere coupling	10
Corrigendum to “Effect of residual stress on creep life of welded helical tubes for HTGR-SMR steam generators” [Int. J. Pres. Ves. Pip.222 (2026) 105802]	10
A comprehensive finite element framework for modeling of PEX-Al-PEX composite pipes	10
Analysis of remaining life assessment of three-phase gravity separator for oil rectification with the simultaneous usean RBI matrix	10
Comparison between a predicted and an experimentally measured residual stress field generated by side-punching of API X65 steel	10
Numerical investigation and verification of superposition principle on T-stress solutions for underclad cracks in reactor pressure vessels	10
Numerical and experimental investigation on distribution of residual stress and the influence of heat treatment in multi-pass dissimilar welded rotor joint of alloy 617/10Cr steel	10
BPNN-Assisted restoration of buckling resistance of dented torispherical heads using CFRP	10
The calibration of Hill48 anisotropic yield criterion for circular thin-walled tube bending	10
Failure analysis of abnormal leakage in hydrogen cyanide reactor	10
A multi-method coupled approach to simulate crack growth path and stress-strain field at the tip of the growing crack in the dissimilar metal welded joint	10
Simulation of CO2 corrosion and prediction model for corrosion rate based on mechanical-electrical interaction in pipe bends	10