Medical Hypotheses

Article	Citations
Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic	178
Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19	168
COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is the worst yet to come?	150
Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19	131
The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection	97
“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis	92
Is hesperidin essential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection?	90
Alveolar epithelial cell type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation: A physio-pathological theory	81
The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals	80
COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection	78
COVID-19: Does the infectious inoculum dose-response relationship contribute to understanding heterogeneity in disease severity and transmission dynamics?	78
Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19	75
Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness?	72
COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity	64
Development of integrated microfluidic platform coupled with Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for diagnosis of COVID-19	61
Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation	60
Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19	60
COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): A spark that sets the forest alight?	59
Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery	59
Are graphene and graphene-derived products capable of preventing COVID-19 infection?	58
SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor ACE2 mediated endothelial dysfunction leads to vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients	58
From Warburg effect to Reverse Warburg effect; the new horizons of anti-cancer therapy	56
COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC)	53
Why does SARS-CoV-2 survive longer on plastic than on paper?	51
Endothelial dysfunction in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Gender and age influences	50

Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes	49
Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 related factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in gastrointestinal tissue with pathogenesis of digestive symptoms, diabetes-associated mortality, and disease recurrence in COVID-	48
Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19	47
Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic	47
Cross-immunity between respiratory coronaviruses may limit COVID-19 fatalities	46
COVID-19: Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory and Retinoic Acid Depletion Syndrome	44
IL-17A and TNF-α as potential biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in patients with obesity and COVID-19	43
COVID-19 as a viral functional ACE2 deficiency disorder with ACE2 related multi-organ disease	43
COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities	42
The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions	42
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19: Two problems, one solution?	42
Downregulation of microRNA-146a in diabetes, obesity and hypertension may contribute to severe COVID-19	41
COVID-19 patients may become predisposed to pulmonary arterial hypertension	40
Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly?	39
Role of graphene in biosensor and protective textile against viruses	38
Could autism spectrum disorders be a risk factor for COVID-19?	38
The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease	37
Tackling the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” with microRNA mimics directly targeting the 3’UTR of pro-inflammatory mRNAs	37
Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression	37
More that ACE2? NRP1 may play a central role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and its association with enhanced survival	36
Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: Current findings and possible mechanisms	36
COVID-19’s toll on the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus – Is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice?	35
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in targeting coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A hypothesis	35
Multifaceted targeting of cationic liposomes via co-delivery of anti-IL-17 siRNA and corticosteroid for topical treatment of psoriasis	35
Ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for lipedema	34
Should aspirin be used for prophylaxis of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy?	34
Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS-CoV-2	34
Washing hands and the face may reduce COVID-19 infection	33
Rethinking interleukin-6 blockade for treatment of COVID-19	32
Distinguishing between typical Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2	32
The possible immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in coronavirus disease patients	31
Mechanisms of insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and the action of the ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. Focus on the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-a pathway	31
Will an obesity pandemic replace the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?	31
Pro resolving inflammatory effects of the lipid mediators of omega 3 fatty acids and its implication in SARS COVID-19	30
Premises among SARS-CoV-2, dysbiosis and diarrhea: Walking through the ACE2/mTOR/autophagy route	30
Can bilirubin nanomedicine become a hope for the management of COVID-19?	30
Natural RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors: Molecular docking studies of some biologically active alkaloids of Argemone mexicana	30
Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics – Lung axis hypothesis	29
Diacerein: A potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19	28
Life-threatening course in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Is there a link to methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia?	28
Scientific hypothesis and rational pharmacological for the use of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac damage caused by COVID-19	28
RAGE receptor: May be a potential inflammatory mediator for SARS-COV-2 infection?	28
Periodontal disease and targeted prevention using aMMP-8 point-of-care oral fluid analytics in the COVID-19 era	27
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cytoprotective pathway: A potential treatment strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine storm syndrome	27
Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?	27
COVID 19 mortality: Probable role of microbiome to explain disparity	27
Potential of electric stimulation for the management of COVID-19	27
Targeting adenosinergic pathway and adenosine A2A receptor signaling for the treatment of COVID-19: A hypothesis	26
Can preprocedural mouthrinses reduce SARS-CoV-2 load in dental aerosols?	26
Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?	26

A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections	26
Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?	25
The potential use of ABO blood group system for risk stratification of COVID-19	25
COVID-19: A methyl-group assault?	25
Neuroinflammation as a possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pain	25
Laryngopharyngeal reflux: The microbiota theory	25
How does stellate ganglion block alleviate immunologically-linked disorders?	25
Mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone: A potential treatment for COVID-19	25
Methylene blue may have a role in the treatment of COVID-19	24
Is there a role for insulin-like growth factor inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19-related adult respiratory distress syndrome?	24
Dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy; the beginning of the end of cancer and COVID-19. A hypothesis	23
Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19	23
Combination therapy of curcumin and fecal microbiota transplant: Potential treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome	23
Roll of stenosis severity, artery radius and blood fluid behavior on the flow velocity in the arteries: Application in biomedical engineering	22
Elevating the level of hypoxia inducible factor may be a new potential target for the treatment of depression	22
A new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation Type I	22
Are night shift workers at an increased risk for COVID-19?	22
Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients – A double-edged sword?	22
Does COVID 19 generate a milieu for propagation of mucormycosis?	22
Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI	22
Decorin as a possible strategy for the amelioration of COVID-19	21
SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA-like inhibition power	20
The AI-discovered aetiology of COVID-19 and rationale of the irinotecan+ etoposide combination therapy for critically ill COVID-19 patients	20
COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?	20
Can COVID-19 induce glioma tumorogenesis through binding cell receptors?	20
Does serotonin deficiency lead to anosmia, ageusia, dysfunctional chemesthesis and increased severity of illness in COVID-19?	20
Methylene blue in covid-19	20
Fecal microbiota transplantation for COVID-19; a potential emerging treatment strategy	20
Low levels of salivary lactoferrin may affect oral dysbiosis and contribute to Alzheimer’s disease: A hypothesis	20
RETRACTED: Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis	19
Can hyperbaric oxygen safely serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for COVID-19?	19
A potential role for cyclophosphamide in the mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with SARS-CoV-2	19
Supportive therapy during COVID-19: The proposed mechanism of short-chain fatty acids to prevent cytokine storm and multi-organ failure	19
Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19	19
Could COVID-19 anosmia and olfactory dysfunction trigger an increased risk of future dementia in patients with ApoE4?	19
Potential health risks of mRNA-based vaccine therapy: A hypothesis	18
Copper and anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression	18
Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis	18
Role of inositol to improve surfactant functions and reduce IL-6 levels: A potential adjuvant strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia?	18
The use of ibuprofen to treat fever in COVID-19: A possible indirect association with worse outcome?	18
Doxycycline or minocycline may be a viable treatment option against SARS-CoV-2	18
Periodontal pocket and COVID-19: Could there be a possible link?	17
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis	17
Could diet and exercise reduce risk of COVID-19 syndemic?	17
Combination therapy of vanillic acid and oxaliplatin co-loaded in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles could offer effective treatment for colon cancer: A hypothesis	17
NCAM protein and SARS-COV-2 surface proteins: In-silico hypothetical evidence for the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome	16
Repurposing prolactin as a promising immunomodulator for the treatment of COVID-19: Are common Antiemetics the wonder drug to fight coronavirus?	16
Falls in older adults: The new pandemic in the post COVID-19 era?	16
Activated macrophages are the main inflammatory cell in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia infiltrates. Is it possible to show their metabolic activity and thus the grade of inflammatory burden with 18F-	16
WHO statement – “Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19”: Should the hypothesis be corroborated or rejected?	16
The plausible mechanisms of tramadol for treatment of COVID-19	16
Demethyleneberberine: A possible treatment for Huntington’s disease	16
Urinary troponin concentration as a marker of cardiac damage in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia	15
Critical oxygenation: Can muscle oxygenation inform us about critical power?	15
COVID-19: Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death during exercise with facemasks	15
Nicotinic receptors as SARS-CoV-2 spike co-receptors?	15
Autism Spectrum Disorder patients may be susceptible to COVID-19 disease due to deficiency in melatonin	15
Combating hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients with a natural oxygen carrier, HEMO2Life® (M101)	15
Has the chief complaint of patients with COVID-19 disease changed over time?	15
Early multidrug treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and reduced mortality among nursing home (or outpatient/ambulatory) residents	15
Etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Review of the literature and new epigenetic hypothesis on altered neural crest cells migration in early embryogenesis as the key event	15
PIEZO1 might be involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through ferroptosis regulation: a hypothesis	15
The mechanisms of adaptation for muscle fascicle length changes with exercise: Implications for spastic muscle	15
Ibuprofen, a traditional drug that may impact the course of COVID-19 new effective formulation in nebulizable solution	15
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity	15
A new pharmacological approach based on remdesivir aerosolized administration on SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation: A possible and rational therapeutic application	15
Mucus targeting as a plausible approach to improve lung function in COVID-19 patients	15
A role of glycation and methylation for SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetes?	14
Could SARS-CoV-2 blocking of ACE2 in endothelial cells result in upregulation of CX3CL1, promoting thrombosis in COVID-19 patients?	14
The potential use of N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA) assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders comorbid with PTSD	14
SARS-CoV 2; Possible alternative virus receptors and pathophysiological determinants	14
SARS-CoV-2-mediated encephalitis: Role of AT2R receptors in the blood-brain barrier	14
Host genomics of COVID-19: Evidence point towards Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency as a putative risk factor for higher mortality rate	14
Out of balance: the role of evolutionary mismatches in the sex disparity in autoimmune disease	14
N-acetycysteine: A potential therapeutic agent in COVID-19 infection	14
Hypothesis: Oxytocin is a direct COVID-19 antiviral	13
Common determinants of severe Covid-19 infection are explicable by SARS-CoV-2 secreted glycoprotein interaction with the CD33-related Siglecs, Siglec-3 and Siglec-5/14	13
A chilblain epidemic during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sign of natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2?	13
Contractile function of the cervix plays a role in normal and pathological pregnancy and parturition	13
Therapeutic potential for clomiphene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, in the treatment of COVID‐19	13

Autoimmunity to ACE2 as a possible cause of tissue inflammation in Covid-19	13
SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the “Infection Hypothesis”	13
Towards a pharmacochemical hypothesis of the prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 by psychoactive substances	13
Hypothesis: Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease	13
Aminoglycosides can be a better choice over macrolides in COVID-19 regimen: Plausible mechanism for repurposing strategy	13
Is there a relation among REM sleep dissociated phenomena, like lucid dreaming, sleep paralysis, out-of-body experiences, and false awakening?	13
Could changes in the airborne pollutant particulate matter acting as a viral vector have exerted selective pressure to cause COVID-19 evolution?	13
The neuropathological basis of anxiety in Parkinson’s disease	12
Nanomedicine formulations for respiratory infections by inhalation delivery: Covid-19 and beyond	12
Should I stay or should I go: Can air pollution reduce the health benefits of physical exercise?	12
Dual engineered gold nanoparticle based synergistic prophylaxis delivery system for HIV/AIDS	12
Dysimmunity and inflammatory storm: Watch out for bone lesions in COVID-19 infection	12
B-cell engineering: A promising approach towards vaccine development for COVID-19	12
SARS-CoV-2 dysregulation of PTBP1 and YWHAE/Z gene expression: A primer of neurodegeneration	12
Non-responsive celiac disease may coincide with additional food intolerance/malabsorption, including histamine intolerance	12
Rise and exacerbation of oral lichen planus in the background of SARS-CoV-2 infection	12
Is the oral cavity a reservoir for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding?	11
Biofabrication: An interesting tool to create in vitro model for COVID-19 drug targets	11
Inhaled route and anti-inflammatory action of ivermectin: Do they hold promise in fighting against COVID-19?	11
Endotheliitis, endothelin, and endothelin receptor blockers in COVID-19	11
Investigating natural antibiofilm components: a new therapeutic perspective against candidal vulvovaginitis	11
Marginal BH4 deficiencies, iNOS, and self-perpetuating oxidative stress in post-acute sequelae of Covid-19	11
Androgenetic alopecia may be associated with weaker COVID-19 T-cell immune response: An insight into a potential COVID-19 vaccine booster	11
Proposed hypothesis and rationale for association between mastitis and breast cancer	11
Does inositol ratio orchestrate the fate of ovarian follicles?	11
COVID-19, myocardial edema and dexamethasone	11
Antihistamine and cationic amphiphilic drugs, old molecules as new tools against the COVID-19?	11
SARS-CoV-2 and the sympathetic immune response: Dampening inflammation with antihypertensive drugs (Clonidine and Propranolol)	11
The viral protein fragment theory of COVID-19 pathogenesis	11
Smoking and COVID-19, the paradox to discover: An Italian retrospective, observational study in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients	11
The cerebellum role in arterial hypertension	11
Bone biology and COVID-19 infection: Is ACE2 a potential influence factor?	11
COVID-19: A double threat to takotsubo cardiomyopathy and spontaneous coronary artery dissection?	11
McGurk effect and audiovisual speech perception in students with learning disabilities exposed to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic	11
Hemogram parameters in childhood anxiety disorders: Could anxiety disorders be related with inflammation?	10
Spa therapy (balneotherapy) for rehabilitation of survivors of COVID-19 with persistent symptoms	10
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 may play pivotal role in distraction-stimulated neovascularization of diabetic foot ulcer	10
A genetic insight into vitamin D binding protein and COVID-19	10
Folic acid as placebo in controlled clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis in COVID-19: Is it scientifically justifiable?	10
Should an intersection between visceral leishmaniasis endemicity and the COVID-19 pandemic be considered?	10
COVID-19: Can the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection affect the homeostasis of the gut-brain-microbiota axis?	10
Carpal, cubital or tarsal tunnel syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal link?	10
Acute exercise and cognition: A review with testable questions for future research into cognitive enhancement with blood flow restriction	10
Drug-repurposing against COVID-19 by targeting a key signaling pathway: An in silico study	10
Fate of respiratory droplets in tropical vs temperate environments and implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission	10
Statins may be a key therapeutic for Covid-19	10
A hypothesis about the role of fetal hemoglobin in COVID-19	10
Hidradenitis suppurativa – The role of interleukin-17, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the link to a possible fungal aetiology	9
COVID-19 in children: Could pertussis vaccine play the protective role?	9
Why the lower reported prevalence of asthma in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 validates repurposing EDTA solutions to prevent and manage treat COVID-19 disease	9
Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population	9
Correlation between takotsubo cardiomyopathy and SARS-CoV-2 infection	9
Role of latent tuberculosis infections in reduced COVID-19 mortality: Evidence from an instrumental variable method analysis	9
Are there medium to short-term multifaceted effects of the airborne pollutant PM2.5 determining the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants?	9
Sequential release of immunomodulatory cytokines binding on nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium surface for regulating macrophage polarization and bone regeneration	9
Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with an anti-osteoporotic medication: A hypothesis on drug repurposing	9
Polycations and polyanions in SARS-CoV-2 infection	9
Modern menstruation: Is it abnormal and unhealthy?	9
Statistical and entropy-based features can efficiently detect the short-term effect of caffeinated coffee on the cardiac physiology	9
Molecular docking of SARS-COV-2 Spike epitope sequences identifies heterodimeric peptide-protein complex formation with human Zo-1, TLR8 and brain specific glial proteins	9
Plausible role of combination of Chlorpromazine hydrochloride and Teicoplanin against COVID-19	9
Nutrition acquisition by human immunity, transient overnutrition and the cytokine storm in severe cases of COVID-19	9
Potential therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on COVID-19-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension	9
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease	9
BPC 157 as Potential Treatment for COVID-19	9
Moderate exercise may prevent the development of severe forms of COVID-19, whereas high-intensity exercise may result in the opposite	9
Vitamin B12 status is a risk factor for bone fractures among vegans	9
Ac2-26 mimetic peptide of annexin A1 to treat severe COVID-19: A hypothesis	9
Posterior femoral cutaneous neuropathy in piriformis syndrome: A vascular hypothesis	8
Endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells to overcome vascular deterioration and cytokine storm in critical patients with COVID-19	8
Oral epithelial reactive atypia/dysplasia: An underestimated true atypia/dysplasia?	8
Same pollution sources for climate change might be hyperactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome and exacerbating neuroinflammation and SARS mortality	8
Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections	8
Iodine, a preventive and curative agent in the COVID-19 pandemic?	8
Hydrothermotherapy in prevention and treatment of mild to moderate cases of COVID-19	8
Factors related to asymptomatic or severe COVID-19 infection	8
Does tetanus vaccination contribute to reduced severity of the COVID-19 infection?	8
Ethnicity and the relationship between covid-19 and the herpes simplex viruses	8
Living with in-mask micro-climate	8
Can volcanic trace elements facilitate Covid-19 diffusion? A hypothesis stemming from the Mount Etna area, Sicily	8
HPV infection as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: A connecting hypothesis	8
Treat liver to beat diabetes	8
Platelet hyperactivity in COVID-19: Can the tomato extract Fruitflow® be used as an antiplatelet regime?	8
Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19 and periodontitis: Possible protective effect of melatonin	8
Chronic exposure to air pollution implications on COVID-19 severity	8
Etoricoxib may inhibit cytokine storm to treat COVID-19	8
Periodic normalization of the translaminar pressure gradient prevents glaucomatous damage	8
Impairment in selenocysteine synthesis as a candidate mechanism of inducible coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients	8
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 potentially acts as a diagnostic and prognostic target in certain subtypes of adenocarcinoma	7
The use of aspirated consonants during speech may increase the transmission of COVID-19	7
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may be helpful in the osseointegration of dental implants: A hypothesis	7
Impairment of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in older subjects with severe COVID-19	7
Arteriosclerosis with superimposed atherosclerosis is the cause not the consequence of essential hypertension	7
Why is primary hyperparathyroidism more severe in children?	7
Transferosomal in situ gel administered through umbilical skin tissues for improved systemic bioavailability of drugs: A novel strategy to replace conventional transdermal route	7