Medical Hypotheses

Article	Citations
COVIDiagnosis-Net: Deep Bayes-SqueezeNet based diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from X-ray images	547
SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression	262
Detection of tumors on brain MRI images using the hybrid convolutional neural network architecture	203
Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission	201
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays as a rapid diagnostic for COVID-19	199
Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic	165
Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19	156
Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?	148
Brain tumor classification using modified local binary patterns (LBP) feature extraction methods	147
Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using machine learning algorithms	139
COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is the worst yet to come?	136
Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19)	135
Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19	125
Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?	120
Breast cancer diagnosis using thermography and convolutional neural networks	94
N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2	92
The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection	90
“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis	87
Is hesperidin essential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection?	86
Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2?	84
The powerful immune system against powerful COVID-19: A hypothesis	78
A hybrid image enhancement based brain MRI images classification technique	77
The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals	75
Alveolar epithelial cell type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation: A physio-pathological theory	74
COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection	74

COVID-19: Does the infectious inoculum dose-response relationship contribute to understanding heterogeneity in disease severity and transmission dynamics?	74
Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19	69
Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?	67
Novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury: Targeting a potential IL-1β/neutrophil extracellular traps feedback loop	66
Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness?	64
Diagnosis and classification of cancer using hybrid model based on ReliefF and convolutional neural network	63
Innate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using Monalizumab, Cholroquine, and antiviral agents	61
COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity	61
The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19	60
Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation	57
COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran	57
Development of integrated microfluidic platform coupled with Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for diagnosis of COVID-19	56
Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19	56
COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): A spark that sets the forest alight?	56
Respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Important considerations regarding novel treatment strategies to reduce mortality	55
Ethanol metabolism: The good, the bad, and the ugly	55
SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor ACE2 mediated endothelial dysfunction leads to vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients	54
Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery	53
Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection	52
Are graphene and graphene-derived products capable of preventing COVID-19 infection?	52
From Warburg effect to Reverse Warburg effect; the new horizons of anti-cancer therapy	51
COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC)	50
Plausible mechanisms of Niclosamide as an antiviral agent against COVID-19	49
Endothelial dysfunction in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Gender and age influences	47
Texture based localization of a brain tumor from MR-images by using a machine learning approach	47
Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 related factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in gastrointestinal tissue with pathogenesis of digestive symptoms, diabetes-associated mortality, and disease recurrence in COVID-	47
Why does SARS-CoV-2 survive longer on plastic than on paper?	47
Does infection of 2019 novel coronavirus cause acute and/or chronic sialadenitis?	47
May IL-17 have a role in COVID-19 infection?	46
Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials	45
Cross-immunity between respiratory coronaviruses may limit COVID-19 fatalities	45
Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes	44
Inflammation: A bridge between diabetes and COVID-19, and possible management with sitagliptin	44
Spironolactone may provide protection from SARS-CoV-2: Targeting androgens, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)	44
The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases?	43
Can moderate intensity aerobic exercise be an effective and valuable therapy in preventing and controlling the pandemic of COVID-19?	43
Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19	43
Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?	43
COVID-19 as a viral functional ACE2 deficiency disorder with ACE2 related multi-organ disease	42
The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions	41
Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic	41
Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19	40
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 protects against COVID-19: A hypothesis	40
COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities	40
As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast	40
Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection	39
COVID-19: Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory and Retinoic Acid Depletion Syndrome	39
IL-17A and TNF-α as potential biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in patients with obesity and COVID-19	39
Could autism spectrum disorders be a risk factor for COVID-19?	38
Homocysteine as a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with COVID-19	38

Downregulation of microRNA-146a in diabetes, obesity and hypertension may contribute to severe COVID-19	37
Role of graphene in biosensor and protective textile against viruses	37
Ursodeoxycholic acid as a candidate therapeutic to alleviate and/or prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm	37
Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression	36
Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly?	35
Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: Current findings and possible mechanisms	35
More that ACE2? NRP1 may play a central role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and its association with enhanced survival	35
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19: Two problems, one solution?	35
The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease	35
A new approach for COVID-19 treatment by micro-RNA	35
Hyperglycemia and the novel Covid-19 infection: Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms	35
Oxytocin may have a therapeutical potential against cardiovascular disease. Possible pharmaceutical and behavioral approaches	34
COVID-19 patients may become predisposed to pulmonary arterial hypertension	34
The association between obesity and poor outcome after COVID-19 indicates a potential therapeutic role for montelukast	34
Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS-CoV-2	33
COVID-19’s toll on the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus – Is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice?	33
Should aspirin be used for prophylaxis of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy?	33
WITHDRAWN: Is global BCG vaccination coverage relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?	33
Pulmonary delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers for effective repurposing of salinomycin as an antiviral agent	32
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in targeting coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A hypothesis	32
Rethinking interleukin-6 blockade for treatment of COVID-19	31
Tackling the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” with microRNA mimics directly targeting the 3’UTR of pro-inflammatory mRNAs	31
Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19	30
Dapsone and doxycycline could be potential treatment modalities for COVID-19	30
Natural RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors: Molecular docking studies of some biologically active alkaloids of Argemone mexicana	30
May COVID-19 outbreaks lead to a worsening of skin chronic inflammatory conditions?	30
Will an obesity pandemic replace the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?	29
The possible immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in coronavirus disease patients	29
Pro resolving inflammatory effects of the lipid mediators of omega 3 fatty acids and its implication in SARS COVID-19	29
Washing hands and the face may reduce COVID-19 infection	29
Can bilirubin nanomedicine become a hope for the management of COVID-19?	29
N-acetyl-cysteine may prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome	29
Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2	29
A new image steganography method with optimum pixel similarity for data hiding in medical images	29
COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised?	29
Premises among SARS-CoV-2, dysbiosis and diarrhea: Walking through the ACE2/mTOR/autophagy route	28
What about the original antigenic sin of the humans versus SARS-CoV-2?	28
Ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for lipedema	28
Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics – Lung axis hypothesis	28
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cytoprotective pathway: A potential treatment strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine storm syndrome	27
Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: Does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection?	27
Multifaceted targeting of cationic liposomes via co-delivery of anti-IL-17 siRNA and corticosteroid for topical treatment of psoriasis	27
Scientific hypothesis and rational pharmacological for the use of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac damage caused by COVID-19	27
Parkinson disease classification using one against all based data sampling with the acoustic features from the speech signals	27
Distinguishing between typical Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2	27
Discrimination of β-thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia through extreme learning machine and regularized extreme learning machine based decision support system	27
Possible mechanisms responsible for acute coronary events in COVID-19	26
Diacerein: A potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19	26
RAGE receptor: May be a potential inflammatory mediator for SARS-COV-2 infection?	26
Inhaled hydroxychloroquine to improve efficacy and reduce harm in the treatment of COVID-19	26
Potential of electric stimulation for the management of COVID-19	26
Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole?	25
A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections	25
Topical delivery of Tacrolimus using liposome containing gel: An emerging and synergistic approach in management of psoriasis	25
Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?	25
Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: On PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy	25
Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?	25
Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of lymphopenia and a therapeutic target in COVID-19 disease	25
Life-threatening course in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Is there a link to methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia?	25
Periodontal disease and targeted prevention using aMMP-8 point-of-care oral fluid analytics in the COVID-19 era	24
The potential use of ABO blood group system for risk stratification of COVID-19	24
Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?	24
Can preprocedural mouthrinses reduce SARS-CoV-2 load in dental aerosols?	24
Is anosmia the price to pay in an immune-induced scorched-earth policy against COVID-19?	24
Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19	24
Does COVID 19 generate a milieu for propagation of mucormycosis?	23
Genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 may explain variable severity of COVID-19	23
The hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 affects male reproductive ability by regulating autophagy	23
Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2	23
Targeting adenosinergic pathway and adenosine A2A receptor signaling for the treatment of COVID-19: A hypothesis	23
Dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease might be triggered by certain antibiotics	23
COVID 19 mortality: Probable role of microbiome to explain disparity	23
Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2	23
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk for cancer	23
Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19	23
COVID-19: A methyl-group assault?	23
Laryngopharyngeal reflux: The microbiota theory	22
Elevating the level of hypoxia inducible factor may be a new potential target for the treatment of depression	22
Mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone: A potential treatment for COVID-19	22
Dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy; the beginning of the end of cancer and COVID-19. A hypothesis	22

Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19	22
Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?	22
Flavones and flavonols may have clinical potential as CK2 inhibitors in cancer therapy	22
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: A possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients	22
Is there a role for insulin-like growth factor inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19-related adult respiratory distress syndrome?	22
Estrogen shields women from COVID-19 complications by reducing ER stress	22
Mechanisms of insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and the action of the ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. Focus on the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-a pathway	22
Are night shift workers at an increased risk for COVID-19?	21
Combination therapy of curcumin and fecal microbiota transplant: Potential treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome	21
Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI	21
Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients – A double-edged sword?	21
Mesenchymal stem cells-bridge catalyst between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID 19	21
Non-invasive cancer detection using volatile biomarkers: Is urine superior to breath?	21
A new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation Type I	20
Decorin as a possible strategy for the amelioration of COVID-19	20
Dapsone, colchicine and olanzapine as treatment adjuncts to prevent COVID-19 associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	20
COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?	20
What would Sérgio Ferreira say to your physician in this war against COVID-19: How about kallikrein/kinin system?	20
Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole	20
Low levels of salivary lactoferrin may affect oral dysbiosis and contribute to Alzheimer’s disease: A hypothesis	20
Synergy between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease	20
Neuroinflammation as a possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pain	20
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria	20
Surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19: A possibility	19
SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA-like inhibition power	19
Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19?	19
Is it possible to use Proton Pump Inhibitors in COVID-19 treatment and prophylaxis?	19
SARS – CoV-2: Reasons of epidemiology of severe ill disease cases and therapeutic approach using trivalent vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria and Bordetella pertussis)	19
Dietary assessment can be based on pattern recognition rather than recall	19
Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19	19
Does serotonin deficiency lead to anosmia, ageusia, dysfunctional chemesthesis and increased severity of illness in COVID-19?	19
Methylene blue in covid-19	19
Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19	19
How does stellate ganglion block alleviate immunologically-linked disorders?	19
Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis	18
The AI-discovered aetiology of COVID-19 and rationale of the irinotecan+ etoposide combination therapy for critically ill COVID-19 patients	18
Methylene blue may have a role in the treatment of COVID-19	18
An exemplar pyramid feature extraction based humerus fracture classification method	18
Can COVID-19 induce glioma tumorogenesis through binding cell receptors?	18
Role of inositol to improve surfactant functions and reduce IL-6 levels: A potential adjuvant strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia?	18
Roll of stenosis severity, artery radius and blood fluid behavior on the flow velocity in the arteries: Application in biomedical engineering	18
A potential role for cyclophosphamide in the mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with SARS-CoV-2	18
Doxycycline or minocycline may be a viable treatment option against SARS-CoV-2	18
RETRACTED: Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis	18
Could COVID-19 anosmia and olfactory dysfunction trigger an increased risk of future dementia in patients with ApoE4?	17
“Fossa navicularis” and “septum glandis”: A “flow-control chamber” for the male urethra?	17
Does hyperglycemia downregulate glucose transporters in the brain?	17
Can hyperbaric oxygen safely serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for COVID-19?	17
Supportive therapy during COVID-19: The proposed mechanism of short-chain fatty acids to prevent cytokine storm and multi-organ failure	17
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis	17
A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: Potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi	17
COVID-19 and autism	17
Is the gingival sulcus a potential niche for SARS-Corona virus-2?	17
Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid	17
Is macrophages heterogeneity important in determining COVID-19 lethality?	17
A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia	17
The effect of BPA exposure on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes – The impact of muscle contraction	17
Oxalates, urinary stones and risk of cardiovascular diseases	17
The importance of cell-mediated immunity in COVID-19 – An opinion	16
COVID-19 infection can cause chemotherapy resistance development in patients with breast cancer and tamoxifen may cause susceptibility to COVID-19 infection	16
Alpha-lipoic acid may protect patients with diabetes against COVID-19 infection	16
Could diet and exercise reduce risk of COVID-19 syndemic?	16
Is it fair to hope that patients with Type 1 Diabetes (autoimmune) may be spared by the infection of Covid-19?	16
The use of ibuprofen to treat fever in COVID-19: A possible indirect association with worse outcome?	16
NCAM protein and SARS-COV-2 surface proteins: In-silico hypothetical evidence for the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome	16
Autism Spectrum Disorder patients may be susceptible to COVID-19 disease due to deficiency in melatonin	15
Ribosomal proteins as a possible tool for blocking SARS-COV 2 virus replication for a potential prospective treatment	15
High dose folic acid is a potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension, including when associated with COVID-19 pneumonia	15
Fecal microbiota transplantation for COVID-19; a potential emerging treatment strategy	15
Oral sex: A new, and possibly the most dangerous, route of toxoplasmosis transmission	15
2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Crucıalıty of Furın and relevance wıth cancer	15
WHO statement – “Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19”: Should the hypothesis be corroborated or rejected?	15
Falls in older adults: The new pandemic in the post COVID-19 era?	15
Periodontal pocket and COVID-19: Could there be a possible link?	15
EMMPRIN/BASIGIN as a biological modulator of oral cancer and COVID-19 interaction: Novel propositions	15
Critical oxygenation: Can muscle oxygenation inform us about critical power?	15
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity	15
Is the presence of lung injury in COVID-19 an independent risk factor for secondary lung cancer?	15
Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19: A hypothesis	15
New aspect of allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disorder mediated by mast cells: Can IL-38 help?	15
Urinary troponin concentration as a marker of cardiac damage in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia	15
Early multidrug treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and reduced mortality among nursing home (or outpatient/ambulatory) residents	15
Disease course, stress, attachment, and mentalization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease	15
A new pharmacological approach based on remdesivir aerosolized administration on SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation: A possible and rational therapeutic application	15
Relationship between pain intensity, disability, exercise time and computer usage time and depression in office workers with non-specific chronic low back pain	14
Combination therapy of vanillic acid and oxaliplatin co-loaded in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles could offer effective treatment for colon cancer: A hypothesis	14
Demethyleneberberine: A possible treatment for Huntington’s disease	14
Fenofibrate increases the amount of sulfatide which seems beneficial against Covid-19	14
Has the chief complaint of patients with COVID-19 disease changed over time?	14
Activated macrophages are the main inflammatory cell in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia infiltrates. Is it possible to show their metabolic activity and thus the grade of inflammatory burden with 18F-	14
SARS-CoV-2-mediated encephalitis: Role of AT2R receptors in the blood-brain barrier	14
COVID-19: Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death during exercise with facemasks	14
Copper and anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression	14
Oxytocin as a potential defence against Covid-19?	14
N-acetycysteine: A potential therapeutic agent in COVID-19 infection	14