Medical Hypotheses

Article	Citations
Could cuproptosis be a novel therapeutic target for tooth eruption disturbances	38
Stellate Ganglion Block may represent an effective therapeutic for Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome	18
A quantum mechanical explanation for auditory-visual hallucinations	16
Dynamic tissue distraction may enhance therapeutic efficacy for Critical limb ischemia	14
Editorial Board	13
Could sleep quality in pregnant women be related to developmental defects of enamel in children?	13
Unraveling the impact of technology on immunological learning: What is the immune system listening to?	13
The potential mechanisms of pain relief in patients after percutaneous vertebroplasty: Intravertebral pressure release and peripheral nerve ablation	13
Acupressure at LI4 and LU10 as a modulator of cortical microstates and autonomic tone: a hypothetical mechanism	12
Osteoclasts may play key roles in initiating biomaterial-induced ectopic bone formation	12
Long-term neurological implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in neonates: Innate immune memory and chronic neuroinflammation	12
Progesterone-induced blocking factor and interleukin 4 as novel therapeutics in the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss	12
Post-menopause cardiovascular risk – lack of hormones or bleeding? – Increased blood viscosity due to cessation in menstrual bleeding	12
Protective effect of methylene blue in iron-induced neurotoxicity	11
The mechanical protector paradox: a hypothesis linking transition zone enlargement, urethral angle, and carcinogenesis via intraprostatic reflux	11
Vaccine enhancement and improved immunogenicity using erythrocytes as carriers	11
Delivery of PTEN protein into tumor cells as a promising strategy for cancer therapy via active albumin nanoparticles: A hypothesis	10
Can virophages be used for management of viral infections?	10
Editorial Board	9
A novel therapeutic approach for allergic rhinitis by exosome-mimetic nanovesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells to restore nasal mucosal epithelial barrier	8
Trained immunity in diabetic kidney disease: a hypothesis for metabolic memory and therapeutic targeting	8
A new neonatal gastro-intestinal physiology-and pyloric stenosis of infancy a hypothesis	8
Integration of parenteral nutrition with galactose may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm newborns	8
NIoBReTH: A novel integrative paradigm of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other airborne pathogens with fewer socioeconomic constraints	8
Exploring the link between sacral neuromodulation and body balance mechanism	7

Activation of resident immune cells induces enteric neuronal death	7
Amelioration of social impairments in autism: Possible role of vagal afferent stimulation in modification of the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity	7
Targeting survival without morbidity: Heart rate characteristics for oxygen supplementation optimization in neonatal care	7
Editorial Board	7
Acute diffuse brain swelling during surgery — Hypothalamic injury or the “dual-switch” hypothesis	7
Chrono-regulation of AR-V7: A potential temporal driver of hormone resistance in prostate cancer?	7
Local hematoma may be a cause of peripheral fusion after spinal surgery	6
Development of a novel mucosal multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Clostridioides difficile, incorporating recombinant Outer membrane Vesicles and spores	6
Molecular hydrogen and heat-stressed exercise: a mechanistic hypothesis and framework for future investigation	6
Psilocybin to promote synaptogenesis in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment	6
Parkinson’s disease as a superposition of wake and sleep states: a hypothesis of vicious cycle neurodegeneration	6
Iron chelators reduce prostaglandins and leukotrienes by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase: A hypothesis to attenuate PPARγ transcriptional activity in prostate cancer	6
Fundamental disincorporation and early non-inflammatory microglia alterations: Possible bridging phenomena between neurobiology and psychopathology in schizophrenia	6
Editorial Board	6
Endocrine–mechanical coupling in physiologic lumina: a hypothesis for episodic obstruction across organs	5
A novel intrauterine barrier for preventing the recurrence of IUA after TCRA procedure	5
Editorial Board	5
A novel hypothesis on the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis: the muscle weakness-joint instability and stress overload – uneven bone settlement cascade	5
Cigarette smoke as a superspreading vector of SARS-CoV-2, measles virus, and influenza virus: A hypothesis on virus-laden aerosol formation and transport	5
A novel hypothesis about abnormalities in ependymal ciliary cytoskeleton driving the development of syringomyelia-associated scoliosis and its potential mechanism	5
Extraosseous osteochondroma as a reactive soft tissue lesion: a mechanobiological hypothesis	5
RETRACTED: Sickle Cell Crisis – Home Oxygen in the Golden Half Hour, can prevent or stop a crisis, prevent complications and change the trajectory of disease	5
Use of natural cysteine protease inhibitors in limiting SARS-Co-2 fusion into human respiratory cells	5
Phrenic nerve neurorrhaphy with a sural nerve graft in unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis	5
Targeting the hypothalamic MC4 receptor: A novel approach to senolytic therapy?	5
Multiple sclerosis, extra-mitochondrial energy production in myelin and transgenerational effects of lead exposure: Possible connections	5
Controlled intracranial pressure elevation via cerebrospinal fluid infusion: a novel hemostatic hypothesis for hematoma expansion in traumatic brain contusion	5
Obstructive sleep apnea and male reproductive dysfunction: a hypothesis involving the gut-exosome-testis axis	5
Periodontitis could affect functional connectivity in the brain leading to worsening of neuro psychiatric disorders – A hypothesis	5
Regular intake of vasodip (lercanidipine) relieves migraine attacks	5
The hypothesis – A dual-front attack on TB: Vitamin D–fluoroquinolone conjugates as next generation therapeutic strategy against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis	5
Why is the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint unprotected and weakest? A theory on brachiation and bipedalism	5
Insight into the possible therapeutic implication of the α-oxoaldehyde glyoxal in the treatment of viral infection	5
Editorial Board	4
Is iron dysregulation in the mirror motor cortex associated with misophonia?	4
Hypothesis on the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to modulate neurochemical pathways and circadian rhythm in ADHD	4
Schizophrenia’s gene expression defies clarity: Insights from postmortem brain data	4
A theory on the pathogenesis of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: Two hits and the role of light toxicity	4
A promising method for reducing the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers: Regulating foot temperature during walking	4
A papain protease-window hypothesis for ulcerative colitis: controlled local proteolysis to modulate inflammatory amplification and epithelial barrier repair	4
Autophagy: A self-guard against SARS-CoV-2	4
Crabtree effect as a parallel pathogenetic pathway in diabetic retinopathy	4
Colonic mast cells trigger enteric neuronal death through the S100β/RAGE/NFκB pathway on inflammatory bowel diseases	4
Can human metapneumovirus infection be prevented by exercise?	4
Tubular visual field defect relies on hyperbolic geometry spatial representations	4
Pathological Demand Avoidance is a result of mental process opacity	4
Nasal breathing and brain Function: A hypothesis of nasal cavity as a localized interface for gas exchange	4
Prolonged unexplained event might change an “unreliable perpetrator” into a “reliable resuscitator”	4
Effects of biological clock on acute pancreatitis: Roles and mechanisms	4
Snoring may transmit infectious aerosols from the upper to the lower respiratory tract	4

Strategic combinatorial delivery of tranilast and paclitaxel using differently functionalized PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced penetration and accumulation in Breast tumor	4
Corrigendum to “A hypothesis linking the Renin-Angiotensin, Kallikrein-Kinin systems, and disseminated coagulation in Covid-19” [Med. Hypothesis 192 (2024) 111488]	4
Bayesian interpretation of the hygiene hypothesis	4
Could digoxin treat tachyarrhythmias in severe methylxanthine overdose?	4
Far beyond experiments or myths – Medical Hypotheses is a provocative resource that helps students to think about science with criticism	4
Embolization-assisted intra-arterial steroid delivery (EAIS) for synovitis-driven osteoarthritis and monoarticular arthritis: A mechanistic hypothesis	4
Non-secretor status as a saliva-based risk marker for cancer susceptibility: a hypothesis	4
Abulia is mediated by the neural pathways responsible for passivity symptoms with initiated actions remaining subject to conscious veto	4
Increased intracranial pressure due to chronic weight lifting exercises as a hypothesis of partial empty sella syndrome in an elite athlete	4
Editorial Board	4
Species-specific biofilm traits and virulence gene expression in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a translational hypothesis	4
A hypothesis exploring gender differences in gait variability using rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with Parkinson’s disease	4
Does habitual squatting account for the ethnic difference in hip osteoarthritis?	4
Regarding the paradox of increased coronary atherosclerosis among highly trained athletes: Might hepcidin be the culprit?	3
Targeting conserved dynamic regions of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein identified by normal mode analysis for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy	3
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia pathogenesis utilizes iron released by a hemolytic protozoan parasite	3
Adipocytes in obesity: A perfect reservoir for SARS-CoV-2?	3
Alleviating morphine-induced itching while sustaining its analgesic efficacy: Esketamine as a potential co-administrating choice	3
A neurophysiological model of patellofemoral pain: The role of cortical and spinal mechanisms − A theoretical model	3
The Lazarus’ sign: A novel hypothesis on its hodology and neurophysiological mechanisms	3
Extending mental practice to sleep: Enhancing motor skills through lucid dreaming	3
Exercise may enhance the anti-metastatic effects of cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors	3
How fluency-enhancing conditions reduce stuttering. A unified explanation	3
Delayed acclimatization and persistent hyperdynamic circulation amplify capillary stress in severe high-altitude illness	3
An integrated biomechanical model linking connective tissue shortening, segmental load distribution, and vectorial dominance to predict joint degeneration patterns	3
Microglia harmonize the cerebral lymphoid system clearance in perioperative neurocognitive disorders by the ATP-AMP-ADO pathway	3
Editorial Board	3
Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease as a disorder of hepatic bioenergetic timing	3
Microvascular thrombosis as the initiating event in rheumatoid arthritis: a vascular-first hypothesis	3
Comment on: Central effects of Stellate Ganglion Block mediated by the vagus nerve? An alternate hypothesis for treating PTSD	3
Synergistic anticancer activity of Sulphoraphane and Teriflunomide co loaded lignin nanoparticles against triple negative breast cancer: Targeted nanoparticle delivery and drug repurposing	3
Attenuation of tryptophan metabolism by Fe chelators: A hypothesis regarding inhibiting tumor suppressive microenvironments in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	3
Editorial Board	3
Editorial Board	3
Fluoride as a potential contributory factor in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: A novel hypothesis	3
COUP-TFII as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease	3
Bayesian predictive coding hypothesis: Brain as observer’s key role in insight	3
Hybrid GAN–P-TransUNet framework for alveolar bone regeneration in dental implant planning: A hypothesis	3
Platelet concentrates may affect the formation of pathological scars by regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition	3
A hidden element governing immunogenicity in tumoral neoepitopes	3
Correspondence to ’A quantum mechanical explanation for auditory-visual hallucinations by Liam Greenacre’	3
HIV-induced neuroinflammation may influence an increase in sexual behavior: A testable hypothesis	3
Central vs peripheral vascular factors determining risk of aortic dissection	3
From telomere extension to tryptophan superradiance: a proposed experiment to test whether cellular rejuvenation restores biophoton emission coherence	3
Creatine supplementation as a dual therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia and immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus: A hypothesis-driven approach	3
Osteoclasts may play key roles in initiating vascular calcification during atherosclerosis	3
Corrigendum to “Fighting a giant: A translational neurofunctional hypothesis of tobacco dependence” [Med. Hypotheses 213 (2026) 112060]	3
Pleasure and displeasure in self-mutilation: A hypothesis for opponent process theory?	3
Distinct contribution of monocarboxylate transporter 2 to infantile epileptic spasms syndrome	3
“Chelation therapy applied to the treatment of oral Peri-implantitis: A hypothesis”	3
Novel amino-acid based metal–organic frameworks (Bio-MOFs) as hemostatic agents: Unveiling promising frontiers in hemostasis	3
Progressive overload in cardiorespiratory exercise training for young and old: Is increasing duration or intensity of exercise more important?	3
Late intraocular lens dislocation arises from two independent biomechanical pathways: Structural failure and interface fatigue	3
Handgrip exercise: An innovative non-pharmacological strategy for chronic hypertension in pregnancy	3
Low endogenous deoxyribonuclease activity in the colon as a factor contributing to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis	3
Stress-conditioned small extracellular vesicles from young cells to restore resilience in aging	3
Could ancient Yamnaya dairying explain the environmental component of multiple sclerosis?	3
Potential circadian rhythms impacts on amblyopia treatment outcomes	3
Speed as a compensatory stabilizer: the momentum-dependent hypothesis of pediatric gait maturation and its implications for hidden motor deficits	3
A substrate-competition hypothesis for type 2 diabetes driven by nutrient excess rather than a primary insulin-signaling defect	3
Editorial Board	3
The concept of psychotic arousal and its relevance to abnormal subjective experiences in schizophrenia. A hypothesis for the formation of primary delusions	3
A diametrically opposed view of the role of glucocorticoids in central serous chorioretinopathy	3
Proximal fibular osteotomy as a treatment for degenerative meniscal extrusion	3
How the somatosensory system adapts to the motor change in Stroke: A hemispheric Shift?	3
The role of Natural Killer cells in pregnancy and their potential impact on cancer prevention	3
Growth differentiation factor 15 activation of AMPK modulates choline/TMAO‑driven calcific aortic valve disease: a novel therapeutic strategy for aortic stenosis	2
Unilateral multifidus hypoplasia as a potential cause of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A hypothesis	2
The mint versus Covid hypothesis	2
Time and the body: A new approach to disease	2
Hypothesis: Androgen receptor/Aurora A kinase/NF-κB signaling axis induce inflammatory response during polycystic ovarian syndrome progression	2
Enhancing the effects of mindfulness in migraine patients through transcranial magnetic stimulation: A plausible hypothesis	2
The Stage 1 Plus hypothesis in status epilepticus: predicting resistance before it happens	2
Comment on: Could the administration of SGLT2i agents serve as a viable prophylactic approach against CNI-induced toxicities?	2
Topical metformin as a novel therapy for alopecia areata due to its immunologic effects	2
Role of ependymal cilia impairment in syringomyelia formation and its potential mechanism	2
Amniotic extracelluar matrix microgels for attenuation of radiation-induced lung injury	2
Could dysbiosis of urban air microbiota be an overlooked contributor to pediatric asthma and neurodevelopmental disorders?	2
A novel strategy combining high-intensity interval training and exogenous ketone supplementation for obesity treatment	2
Electrographic seizures possibly contribute to the epileptogenesis of acquired epilepsy	2

From treatment of mental disorders to the treatment of difficult life situations: A hypothesis and rationale	2
Physical exercise and glycemic control: Is HbA1c the best marker for assessing the effects of aerobic training?	2
Could neutrophil extracellular traps drive the development of autism?	2
Research in the pruritus of cholestasis: Genetics, behavioral studies, and physiomimetic interorgan models	2
A hypothesis on the combination of platelet concentrates and adipocytes promoting wound healing through a bidirectional regulatory mechanism	2
Editorial Board	2
Retroviral synergy in oncogenesis via additive and cooperative protein actions and cross-reactivity of antiretroviral therapy	2
Complement overactivation: A potential mechanistic bridge between immunothrombosis and thromboinflammation in venous thromboembolism	2
What are the physiologic effects of Resistance Exercise behind breast cancer-related lymphedema prevention?	2
The postulated role of brain pulsations and arachnoid membranes in cerebrospinal fluid circulation, ventriculomegaly and related CSF disorders	2
Erythrocyte enucleation in mammals is an anticancer mechanism: A hypothesis	2
Does aberrant electrocortical dynamics pattern imply atypical balance control in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis?	2
The digestive Enzyme-Based nasal dysbiosis in Empty nose Syndrome: A theory	2
The maternal epigenome as a window into the in utero environment that the foetus experiences	2
Distinctive feeding vessel architecture and sparse collateralization may underlie the characteristic early temporal pole and external capsule white matter compromise in CADASIL	2
Möbius strip and cancer	2
Potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of retinal detachment: Artificial interphotoreceptor matrix	2
Nanoscale self-assembling prodrugs of sulfapyridine for treatment of arthritis: Harnessing the dual approach	2
Is vestibular migraine really a separate form of migraine?	2
Unveiling novel therapeutic avenues: Targeting the cyclin D/CDK4 axis for enhanced cancer treatment	2
Beyond antibiotics: 3d-transition metal ions − serum albumin −indocyanine green complex as a novel multifunctional NIR-responsive therapeutic platform for treating diabetic foot ulcer	2
Creatine insufficiency as an energetic amplifier of brainstem dysfunction in ME/CFS and long COVID	2
A hypothesis to explain the potential influence of hormones on the severity of autism spectrum conditions in women	2
3D Doppler territorial vascular mapping as a prognostic tool in uterine EMV/AVM	2
When to intervene in aortic stenosis; can cardiac troponin I in the first morning urine be our guide?	2
Is paracetamol a neuroendocrine disruptor of the developing sexual brain?	2
Brainstem dysfunction as a potential etiology of ME/CFS and long COVID: A mechanical basis	2
Fibrosis-associated DDR1 downregulation contributes to a better prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with oral submucous fibrosis	2
Intranasal interferon-beta as a promising alternative for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease	2
The development and evolution of inner speech: Hippocampal contribution	2
Hypothesis: Platelet-rich plasma accelerate diabetic wound healing via dynamic modulation of multiple signaling pathways	2
Intrathecal administration of clozapine to reduce side effects: A hypothesis	2
Editorial Board	2
Molecular hydrogen as a potential adjuvant therapy for alleviating long COVID	2
SARS-CoV-2 aerosols: A physical bridge linking upper respiratory infection to lung pathology — A pathological transmission hypothesis	2
“Idiopathic” adhesive capsulitis is caused by reactivation of latent neurotrophic virus involving peripheral nerves around the shoulder capsule: A hypothesis	2
The reverse zoonosis transfer cycle from the human-animal-plant-environment interface: How antibiotic-resistant bacteria from humans threaten the environment and fuel the rise of superbugs	2
Ischaemic chondronecrosis as a novel causative factor in the aetiopathogenesis of infantile Blount’s disease	2
Potential health risks of mRNA-based vaccine therapy: A hypothesis	2
A novel etiological approach for the development of knee osteoarthritis in sedentary adults	2
The emerging concept of glycocalyx damage as the trigger of heart failure onset and progression	2
Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles: A possible strategy for prevention of preterm birth	2
Applying radiofrequency energy to the penis in the treatment of erectile dysfunction	2
A bioengineered model for reinnervating the decellularized extracellular matrix of corneal scaffolds	2
Tailored lipopeptide surfactants as potentially effective drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection	2
Reactive retinal vasodilation may mask capillary loss in eyes without diabetic retinopathy and isolated neurodegeneration	2
Red blood cells as intelligent antioxidant carriers to rescue sperm in in vitro fertilization (IVF): A hypothesis	2
Asymmetric mechanical stress on both sides of the spine – Based on human functional chiral asymmetry – May constitute the underlying Pathomechanism of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)	2
Multi-drug loaded microneedles for emergency treatment of snakebite envenomation	2
Mitochondrial silencing as an apoptosis-evasive metabolic state preceding senescence fixation: A hypothesis	2
Beyond HbA1c: Can mitochondrial function assessment enhance evaluation of exercise efficacy?	2
Selenium deficiency and T-2 toxin trigger ferroptosis in cartilage from Kashin-Beck diseases	2
Acidic solution irrigation as a novel approach for treating infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis	2
Could mosquito bites facilitate IgE sensitization to food and inhalant allergens?	2
A combined surgical approach using oral mucosa and allo-SLET to promote corneal epithelial phenotype restoration: a hypothesis	2
Editorial Board	2
Premaxilla and incisive papilla as a nasopalatine sensory gateway: A developmental hypothesis linking trigeminal V2 afference to brainstem state calibration, oral posture, breathing mode, and childhoo	2
Do ‘nature’ mediate stem cells empowerment in women?	2
The potential role of fixation eye movements in the development of myopia	2
Moderate-intensity exercise as a preventive strategy against dopaminergic dysfunction in Long COVID: A mechanistic hypothesis	2
Response to: Obesity paradox in acute myocardial infarction: Is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 the culprit?	1
Downregulation of interleukin-13 as a possible proxy for ergolytic effects of hydrogen gas	1
Editorial Board	1
Reducing fibrosis progression of biliary atresia by continuous administration of aducanumab at low dose: A potential treatment	1
Immunotherapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of Antigen-Antibody complex vaccines	1
Active Inference as a theoretical framework for external locus of control in chronic pain: the role of aberrant interoceptive integration	1
Deep cervical lymphovenous bypass for Parkinson’s disease: A hypothesis	1
Traffic-derived metal bioaccumulation in bone tissue as a driver of osteoporosis	1
Shedding light on an enigmatic occlusal condition: hypothesis on the etiology of occlusal dysesthesia	1
The solar window hypothesis: androgenetic alopecia as an evolutionary adaptation to maintain bone mineral density in vitamin D receptor low-efficiency variants	1
Can atrial lead system ameliorate the diagnosis of atrial arrhythmias?	1
Anastomoses between cranial nerves, the dorsal roots of the first four cervical vertebrae, and the sympathetic trunk are key to understanding the types of primary headache and their integrative treatm	1
Evolution of male-to-female oral sex as a detection tool of bacterial vaginosis and subsequent infertility	1
Is Epstein Barr virus latency protective against type 1 diabetes?	1
Can we reduce cancer progression via disrupting autophagy-cholesterol uptake nexus?	1
Temporal-scaffolding: a model linking internal clocks, oscillatory dynamics, and phenomenology in mood and psychotic disorders	1
Why do some tali collapse in avascular necrosis while others don’t? A biomechanical hypothesis based on a three-pillar load model	1
Comment on: “Obesity paradox in acute myocardial infarction: Is plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 the culprit?”	1
Use of Nile tilapia fish skin in oral submucous fibrosis therapeutics	1
The role of hemispheric sensory shifts: Impacts on stretch reflex and motor plasticity post-stroke	1
Personalized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation guided by the spectral electroencephalogram may enhance and democratize therapy for autism spectrum disorder	1
A hypothesis on the suitability of the aquatic crustacean, Daphnia pulex as an animal model for investigating Parkinson’s disease mechanisms	1
Long COVID may be treatable with noradrenergic transmission reducing drugs	1
MALAT1: A novel hypothesis on the pathology of vascular injury in patients with β-thalassemia	1
A hypotheses to explain acute adjustment disorder after phakic intraocular lens implantation in a highly myopic patient: Potential causes and suggested remedies	1
Altered iron homeostasis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	1
Tissue thinning in the inguinal region following human bipedalism	1
Exercise as a physiological “entosis switch”: a novel hypothesis for shifting cell-in-cell death from tumor-promoting to tumor-suppressive outcomes in epithelial cancers	1
Can delayed grafting of frozen teeth achieve periodontal ligament healing?	1
The cheeky ape hypothesis: Is rosacea the evolutionary price of human buccal fat?	1
Venous intracerebral hemorrhage hypotheses: Hydrostatic pressure-induced bleeding mechanism and comparative analysis with arterial hemorrhage	1
Editorial Board	1
Infrapatellar fat pad resection: A potential approach for slowing knee osteoarthritis progression	1
Myocardial cell-derived exosomal miR-155-5p promotes depressive disorders in CVD via microglial SIRT1 pathway	1
Revolution of artificial intelligence in antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory techniques: Smart photo-sonodynamic appliance in the internet of dental things (IoDT)	1