Journal of Medical Ethics

Article	Citations
Who is afraid of black box algorithms? On the epistemological and ethical basis of trust in medical AI	122
Good reasons to vaccinate: mandatory or payment for risk?	120
Levels of stress in medical students due to COVID-19	81
Represent me: please! Towards an ethics of digital twins in medicine	66
Defining the undefinable: the black box problem in healthcare artificial intelligence	61
Towards collective moral resilience: the potential of communities of practice during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond	52
Nothing to be ashamed of: sex robots for older adults with disabilities	49
Machine learning in medicine: should the pursuit of enhanced interpretability be abandoned?	48
Persuasion, not coercion or incentivisation, is the best means of promoting COVID-19 vaccination	44
Ethics of generative AI	43
Patients, clinicians and open notes: information blocking as a case of epistemic injustice	40
Ethics of research at the intersection of COVID-19 and black lives matter: a call to action	39
Rationing, racism and justice: advancing the debate around ‘colourblind’ COVID-19 ventilator allocation	38
Responsibility, second opinions and peer-disagreement: ethical and epistemological challenges of using AI in clinical diagnostic contexts	37
Ethical allocation of future COVID-19 vaccines	36
Money is not everything: experimental evidence that payments do not increase willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19	35
Before and beyond trust: reliance in medical AI	31
Where is knowledge from the global South? An account of epistemic justice for a global bioethics	29
Social determinants of health and slippery slopes in assisted dying debates: lessons from Canada	26
Can we learn from hidden mistakes? Self-fulfilling prophecy and responsible neuroprognostic innovation	25
Vaccine ethics: an ethical framework for global distribution of COVID-19 vaccines	25
Global equitable access to vaccines, medicines and diagnostics for COVID-19: The role of patents as private governance	25
What’s yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines	25
Sustainability principle for the ethics of healthcare resource allocation	25
Evidence, ethics and the promise of artificial intelligence in psychiatry	25

Without a trace: Why did corona apps fail?	24
The unnaturalistic fallacy: COVID-19 vaccine mandates should not discriminate against natural immunity	24
Environmental sustainability and the carbon emissions of pharmaceuticals	24
Testimonial injustice in medical machine learning	23
Ethics of the algorithmic prediction of goal of care preferences: from theory to practice	23
Male or female genital cutting: why ‘health benefits’ are morally irrelevant	23
Trust does not need to be human: it is possible to trust medical AI	23
Mitigating ethical conflict and moral distress in the care of patients on ECMO: impact of an automatic ethics consultation protocol	23
Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19	23
Diversity in clinical research: public health and social justice imperatives	21
The time has come to extend the 14-day limit	21
Applying futility in psychiatry: a concept whose time has come	21
Love thy neighbour? Allocating vaccines in a world of competing obligations	21
Commercial DNA tests and police investigations: a broad bioethical perspective	21
AI support for ethical decision-making around resuscitation: proceed with care	20
Military metaphors and pandemic propaganda: unmasking the betrayal of ‘Healthcare Heroes’	19
COVID-19 vaccine boosters for young adults: a risk benefit assessment and ethical analysis of mandate policies at universities	19
The ethics of consent during labour and birth: episiotomies	19
Epistemic injustice in psychiatric practice: epistemic duties and the phenomenological approach	19
‘Climate change mitigation is a hot topic, but not when it comes to hospitals’: a qualitative study on hospital stakeholders’ perception and sense of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions	19
Barriers to green inhaler prescribing: ethical issues in environmentally sustainable clinical practice	18
Promoting racial equity in COVID-19 resource allocation	18
Reproductive carrier screening: responding to the eugenics critique	18
‘Can you hear me?’: communication, relationship and ethics in video-based telepsychiatric consultations	18
Challenges to biobanking in LMICs during COVID-19: time to reconceptualise research ethics guidance for pandemics and public health emergencies?	17
Vaccine passports and health disparities: a perilous journey	17
Research abuses against people of colour and other vulnerable groups in early psychedelic research	17
Vaccine confidence, public understanding and probity: time for a shift in focus?	17
Against vaccine nationalism	17
Response to our reviewers	16
WHO’s allocation framework for COVAX: is it fair?	16
Sharing online clinical notes with patients: implications for nocebo effects and health equity	16
Data for sale: trust, confidence and sharing health data with commercial companies	16
Professional virtue of civility and the responsibilities of medical educators and academic leaders	16
Three models for the regulation of polygenic scores in reproduction	16
Digital bioethics: introducing new methods for the study of bioethical issues	15
Consent-GPT: is it ethical to delegate procedural consent to conversational AI?	15
Knowledge from the global South is in the global South	15
Should rare diseases get special treatment?	15
Voluntary COVID-19 vaccination of children: a social responsibility	15
Ethical issues in computational pathology	15
Epistemic injustice, children and mental illness	15
Ethics of selective restriction of liberty in a pandemic	15
Justice in COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation: rethinking the approach	15
COVID-19 pandemic, the scarcity of medical resources, community-centred medicine and discrimination against persons with disabilities	15
Ethical decision making during a healthcare crisis: a resource allocation framework and tool	15
The harm principle, personal identity and identity-relative paternalism	14
Does Zero-COVID neglect health disparities?	14
Translating Cultural Safety to the UK	14
Does NICE apply the rule of rescue in its approach to highly specialised technologies?	14

Beyond regulatory approaches to ethics: making space for ethical preparedness in healthcare research	14
Spoonful of honey or a gallon of vinegar? A conditional COVID-19 vaccination policy for front-line healthcare workers	13
Patients, doctors and risk attitudes	13
Informed consent in pragmatic trials: results from a survey of trials published 2014–2019	13
Choosing death in unjust conditions: hope, autonomy and harm reduction	13
National health system cuts and triage decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and Spain: ethical implications	13
Spanish regulation of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide	13
Ethical climate in contemporary paediatric intensive care	13
High ideals: the misappropriation and reappropriation of the heroic label in the midst of a global pandemic	13
What can data trusts for health research learn from participatory governance in biobanks?	13
Assisted gestative technologies	13
Genetic information, insurance and a pluralistic approach to justice	13
Sport-related concussion research agenda beyond medical science: culture, ethics, science, policy	12
Pandemic prioritarianism	12
Endosex	12
Is there room for privacy in medical crowdfunding?	12
Reimagining research ethics to include environmental sustainability: a principled approach, including a case study of data-driven health research	12
Near-term ethical challenges of digital twins	12
Morisprudence: a theoretical framework for studying the relationship linking moral case deliberation, organisational learning and quality improvement	12
A focused protection vaccination strategy: why we should not target children with COVID-19 vaccination policies	12
What moral work can Nussbaum’s account of human dignity do in the context of dementia care?	12
Addressing bias in artificial intelligence for public health surveillance	12
Language matters: the ‘digital twin’ metaphor in health and medicine	12
Allocation of COVID-19 vaccination: when public prioritisation preferences differ from official regulations	11
Autonomy-based criticisms of the patient preference predictor	11
Ethics of vaccine refusal	11
Prolife hypocrisy: why inconsistency arguments do not matter	11
Youth should decide: the principle of subsidiarity in paediatric transgender healthcare	11
What money can’t buy: an argument against paying people to get vaccinated	11
Social egg freezing and donation: waste not, want not	11
Physician moral injury in the context of moral, ethical and legal codes	11
Expanded terminal sedation in end-of-life care	11
Randomised controlled trials in medical AI: ethical considerations	11
Trust and the Goldacre Review: why trusted research environments are not about trust	10
Healthcare professionals’ responsibility for informing relatives at risk of hereditary disease	10
Euthanasia in persons with advanced dementia: a dignity-enhancing care approach	10
COVID-19 vaccination status should not be used in triage tie-breaking	10
Framework for evaluation research on clinical ethical case interventions: the role of ethics consultants	10
Organisational failure: rethinking whistleblowing for tomorrow’s doctors	10
How can we decide a fair allocation of healthcare resources during a pandemic?	10
Allocating scarce life-saving resources: the proper role of age	10
US adults’ preferences for race-based and place-based prioritisation for COVID-19 vaccines	10
Three pitfalls of accountable healthcare rationing	10
Is there a duty to routinely reinterpret genomic variant classifications?	10
Understanding Japan’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic	10
Analysis of the institutional landscape and proliferation of proposals for global vaccine equity for COVID-19: too many cooks or too many recipes?	10
Clinicians and AI use: where is the professional guidance?	10
Where the ethical action is	10
Two dilemmas for medical ethics in the treatment of gender dysphoria in youth	10
Should age matter in COVID-19 triage? A deliberative study	10
Why we should not extend the 14-day rule	9
Open AI meets open notes: surveillance capitalism, patient privacy and online record access	9
Conventional revolution: the ethical implications of the natural progress of neonatal intensive care to artificial wombs	9
Initiating technology dependence to sustain a child’s life: a systematic review of reasons	9
Should healthcare workers be prioritised during the COVID-19 pandemic? A view from Madrid and New York	9
Ethics of digital twins: four challenges	9
Ethics of digital contact tracing wearables	9
Development of a structured process for fair allocation of critical care resources in the setting of insufficient capacity: a discussion paper	9
Practical, epistemic and normative implications of algorithmic bias in healthcare artificial intelligence: a qualitative study of multidisciplinary expert perspectives	9
WHO guidance on ethics in outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic: a critical appraisal	9
Should a medical digital twin be viewed as an extension of the patient's body?	8
What is common and what is different: recommendations from European scientific societies for triage in the first outbreak of COVID-19	8
Philosophical evaluation of the conceptualisation of trust in the NHS’ Code of Conduct for artificial intelligence-driven technology	8
Fraud and retraction in perioperative medicine publications: what we learned and what can be implemented to prevent future recurrence	8
Towards a new model of global health justice: the case of COVID-19 vaccines	8
Reflections of methodological and ethical challenges in conducting research during COVID-19 involving resettled refugee youth in Canada	8
My body, not my choice: against legalised abortion	8
What makes a medical intervention invasive?	8
Perspectives on digital twins and the (im)possibilities of control	8
Need for patient-developed concepts of empowerment to rectify epistemic injustice and advance person-centred care	8
Survey of German medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: attitudes toward volunteering versus compulsory service and associated factors	8
Risk-related standards of competence are a nonsense	8
To be, or not to be? The role of the unconscious in transgender transitioning: identity, autonomy and well-being	8
Procedural safeguards cannot disentangle MAiD from organ donation decisions	8
We might be afraid of black-box algorithms	8
Reification and assent in research involving those who lack capacity	8
Fine-tuning the impairment argument	8
Doctors have an ethical obligation to ask patients about food insecurity: what is stopping us?	8
Costa, cancer and coronavirus: contractualism as a guide to the ethics of lockdown	8
Public justification and expert disagreement over non-pharmaceutical interventions for the COVID-19 pandemic	8

Three for me and none for you? An ethical argument for delaying COVID-19 boosters	7
Genetic discrimination in life insurance: a human rights issue	7
The inconsistency argument: why apparent pro-life inconsistency undermines opposition to induced abortion	7
Meta-surrogate decision making and artificial intelligence	7
Red herrings, circuit-breakers and ageism in the COVID-19 debate	7
Sex robot fantasies	7
Pregnancy and superior moral status: a proposal for two thresholds of personhood	7
Responsibility and decision-making authority in using clinical decision support systems: an empirical-ethical exploration of German prospective professionals’ preferences and concerns	7
Prescribing meaning: hedonistic perspectives on the therapeutic use of psychedelic-assisted meaning enhancement	7
The revised International Code of Medical Ethics: an exercise in international professional ethical self-regulation	7
Should practice and policy be revised to allow for risk-proportional payment to human challenge study participants?	7
Novel drug candidates targeting Alzheimer’s disease: ethical challenges with identifying the relevant patient population	7
Hospital chaplains as ethical consultants in making difficult medical decisions	7
Artificial placentas, pregnancy loss and loss-sensitive care	7
Public health decisions in the COVID-19 pandemic require more than ‘follow the science’	7
Conscientious participants and the ethical dimensions of physician support for legalised voluntary assisted dying	7
Repairing moral injury takes a team: what clinicians can learn from combat veterans	7
Justification of principles for healthcare priority setting: the relevance and roles of empirical studies exploring public values	7
Does the General Medical Council’s 2020 guidance on consent advance on its 2008 guidance?	7
Sleep softly: Schubert, ethics and the value of dying well	7
Ethical preparedness in genomic medicine: how NHS clinical scientists navigate ethical issues	7
Ethics of the fiduciary relationship between patient and physician: the case of informed consent	7
Challenging misconceptions about clinical ethics support during COVID-19 and beyond: a legal update and future considerations	7
High court should not restrict access to puberty blockers for minors	7
The ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: the ethics of emerging inequalities amongst healthcare workers	7
Cancer Research UK’S obesity campaign in 2018 and 2019: effective health promotion or perpetuating the stigmatisation of obesity?	7
Can routine screening for alcohol consumption in pregnancy be ethically and legally justified?	7
Call to action: empowering patients and families to initiate clinical ethics consultations	6
Association of medical futility with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) code status in hospitalised patients	6
Ethics of pursuing targets in public health: the case of voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV-prevention programs in Kenya	6
AI and the falling sky: interrogating X-Risk	6
Gender dysphoria in adolescents: can adolescents or parents give valid consent to puberty blockers?	6
The Patient preference predictor and the objection from higher-order preferences	6
Medical ethics and the climate change emergency	6
Raising the profile of fairness and justice in medical practice and policy	6
Twin pregnancy, fetal reduction and the 'all or nothing problem’	6
Rare diseases in healthcare priority setting: should rarity matter?	6
Making a case for the inclusion of refractory and severe mental illness as a sole criterion for Canadians requesting medical assistance in dying (MAiD): a review	6
Discrimination against the dying	6
Junior doctors and conscientious objection to voluntary assisted dying: ethical complexity in practice	6
Staffing crisis capacity: a different approach to healthcare resource allocation for a different type of scarce resource	6
Developing a competency framework for health research ethics education and training	6
Supporting autonomy in young people with gender dysphoria: psychotherapy is not conversion therapy	6
Operating room time as a limited resource: ethical considerations for allocation	6
Pre-diabetes in the elderly and the see-saw model of paternalism	6
Future of global regulation of human genome editing: a South African perspective on the WHO Draft Governance Framework on Human Genome Editing	6
A vaccine tax: ensuring a more equitable global vaccine distribution	6
Genetic disenhancement and xenotransplantation: diminishing pigs’ capacity to experience suffering through genetic engineering	6
Meaningful Human Control over AI for Health? A Review	6
Implementation of the EU clinical trial regulation transforms the ethics committee systems and endangers ethical standards	6
Artificial intelligence paternalism	6
Physicians’ duty to climate protection as an expression of their professional identity: a defence from Korsgaard’s neo-Kantian moral framework	6
Fertility preservation for transgender children and young people in paediatric healthcare: a systematic review of ethical considerations	6
Ethical conflicts during the process of deciding about ICU admission: an empirically driven ethical analysis	6
Ladders and stairs: how the intervention ladder focuses blame on individuals and obscures systemic failings and interventions	6
Two kinds of embryo research: four case examples	6
Taking the burden off: a study of the quality of ethics consultation in the time of COVID-19	6
Human equality arguments against abortion	6
Disclosure of non-recent (historic) childhood sexual abuse: What should researchers do?	6
Considering sex robots for older adults with cognitive impairments	6
Patient portal access for caregivers of adult and geriatric patients: reframing the ethics of digital patient communication	5
Beyond individualisation: towards a more contextualised understanding of women’s social egg freezing experiences	5
Evaluating interventions to improve ethical decision making in clinical practice: a review of the literature and reflections on the challenges posed	5
Can we know if donor trust expires? About trust relationships and time in the context of open consent for future data use	5
Pandemic justice: fairness, social inequality and COVID-19 healthcare priority-setting	5
Engagement without entanglement: a framework for non-sexual patient–physician boundaries	5
Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in bioethics: a large language model’s moral compass in medicine	5
Sequential organ failure assessment, ventilator rationing and evolving triage guidance: new evidence underlines the need to recognise and revise, unjust allocation frameworks	5
Design publicity of black box algorithms: a support to the epistemic and ethical justifications of medical AI systems	5
Exploring the potential utility of AI large language models for medical ethics: an expert panel evaluation of GPT-4	5
Accessing unproven interventions in the COVID-19 pandemic: discussion on the ethics of ‘compassionate therapies’ in times of catastrophic pandemics	5
Justifying risk-related standards of capacity via autonomy alone	5
Green bioethics, patient autonomy and informed consent in healthcare	5
Transitions in decision-making authority at the end of life: a problem of law, ethics and practice in deceased donation	5
‘Represent me: please! Towards an ethics of digital twins in medicine’: Commentary	5
Generative AI and medical ethics: the state of play	5
Investigation of post-trial access views among study participants and stakeholders using photovoice and semistructured interviews	5
Promoting equity with a multi-principle framework to allocate scarce ICU resources	5
With great power comes great vulnerability: an ethical analysis of psychedelics’ therapeutic mechanisms proposed by the REBUS hypothesis	5
Critical role of pathology and laboratory medicine in the conversation surrounding access to healthcare	5
Shadow of HIV exceptionalism 40 years later	5
Moral motivation regarding dementia risk testing among affected persons in Germany and Israel	5
UK Research Ethics Committee’s review of the global first SARS-CoV-2 human infection challenge studies	5
‘Who is going to put their life on the line for a dollar? That’s crazy’: community perspectives of financial compensation in clinical research	5
Simulating (some) individuals in a connected world	5
Trial by Triad: substituted judgment, mental illness and the right to die	5
Herd immunity, vaccination and moral obligation	5
Withering Minds: towards a unified embodied mind theory of personal identity for understanding dementia	5
Zero COVID and health inequities: lessons from Singapore	5
Autonomy, identity and health: defining quality of life in older age	5
Clinical ethics support services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a cross-sectional survey	5
Designing AI for mental health diagnosis: challenges from sub-Saharan African value-laden judgements on mental health disorders	5
Is pregnancy a disease? A normative approach	5
Creating an ethical culture to support recovery from substance use disorders	5
Blaming the unvaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of political ideology and risk perceptions in the USA	5