Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Mathematical modelling of the liquid/liquid mass transfer behaviour in gas stirred ladles	82
Thermodynamic strategy for hydrogen-based direct reduction shaft furnace to achieve a higher efficiency	46
Forecasting of blast furnace gas utilisation rate via convolutional autoencoders and K-nearest neighbour methods	42
Precipitate behaviour of large-sized Nb(C, N) in micro-alloyed steel	40
Effect of nitrogen content and magnesium-cerium treatment on inclusions in interstitial free steel	35
Strain hardening and tensile deformation behaviour of two advanced high-strength steels with ferrite-bainite microstructure	29
Kinetics of medium-manganese steel prepared by solid-state decarburisation	23
A novel intelligent control approach for lateral deviation in hot-rolled strip steel	22
Abatement of CO2 emissions by lowering hot metal ratio (HMR) in basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process	21
Reutilisation of spent SCR catalyst powder in the direct reduction process	20
Hydraulic and numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in induction heating continuous casting tundish	16
Effects of Al–La alloy ratios on the modification behaviours of the TiN and sulphide inclusions in 20CrMnTi steel under composite deoxidations	14
Soft sensor model for endpoint carbon content and temperature in BOF steelmaking based on just-in-time learning with multilayer structure preservation and sparse information enhancement	13
Mechanism of surface rust defects on tinplate strip steel during storage and transportation	13
Effect of rare earth Ce treatment on the microstructure and properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel bearing Sn and Cu	13
Quantification and prediction of furnace cylinder activity based on LASSO-GWO-CNN hybrid model	12
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) study on the porosity structure of slag film in the steel continuous casting	12
A comparative study on environmentally friendly ironmaking process through air to oxygen	12
Physical and chemical properties of CaF2−CaO−Al2O3−MgO slag for electroslag remelting of Mg-containing GH3128 superalloy	11
Formation mechanism of large-sized CaO-SiO2-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO composite inclusions in super 304H stainless steel rods	11
Hydrogen affection on softening and melting behaviours of high alumina sinter in gas-injection blast furnace	11
Phase transformation and microstructural evolution of coating layer of Al–Si coated 22MnB5 steel during thermal diffusion	10
SD-YOLO: A lightweight steel surface defect detection model with dynamic parameterisation for adaptive feature modulation	10
Effect of B2O3 on structure of CaO–Al2O3–CaF2–B2O3 molten slag using molecular dynamics simulation	10
Effect of Cs2O-containing refining slag on the purity of ultra-clean steel for ultra-fine saw wire	9

Optimising the feeding system for improving pellet distribution levels in gas-based shaft furnace based on the improved analytic hierarchy process	9
Prediction model of permeability index for blast furnace based on WD-NL-transformer	9
Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Bottom-blowing O2-CO2-CaO Process in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking	8
Effect of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slag system on inclusions in silicon–manganese deoxidized spring steel	8
Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the nucleation mechanism and mechanical properties of MC5 roller steel	8
Development of a boron-containing reduced activation Ferritic-Martensitic (B-RAFM) steel	8
Improving electrochemical corrosion resistance of AISI 304 using tungsten carbide-cobalt/silicon carbide high-velocity oxygen fuel coatings	7
Effect of small amounts of cerium on impact toughness and tensile properties of industrial Al-killed steel Q355D	7
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of heating on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled high strength bainitic steel rail	7
Effect of CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 slags on deep deoxidation and desulphurisation of low-Ni 201 stainless steel by simultaneous consideration of multiple slag–steel reactions	7
Effect of the asymmetric flow behaviour of molten steel on solidified shell in slab continuous casting mould	7
Modulation of δ-ferrite formation and austenite stability in Al-added medium-Mn steels and its role in the structure–property relationships	7
Effect of Ce2O3 content on structure, viscosity, and melting properties of CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-Ce2O3 slag	7
A novel cooling structure of narrow copper plate for small chamfered mold	7
Numerical simulation of solidification structures in continuous casting of a thin slab at high casting speed	6
Shifting strategy optimization of the thermal work roll in hot strip rolling based on three particle swarms and differential evolution algorithm	6
Simulation and application of submerged CO2–O2 injection in EAF steelmaking: combined blowing equipment arrangement and industrial application	6
Effect of degree of burden mixing on the permeability of ferrous burden layers in the cohesive zone	6
Effects of fine blanking process on cutting surfaces of high-strength DP600 and DP800 sheets	6
A novel soft sensing modelling approach for sulphur content estimation in hot metal pretreatment process	6
Effect of impellers on particle mixing behaviour in KR desulphurization process	6
Combined impacts of thickness and bending angle on springback of 1000DP steel sheets	6
Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter	6
Modelling of continuous casting processes parameters on the shrinkage cavity formation in bearing steel blooms	6
Recent advances in inclusions and central segregation control technology in tyre cord steel and saw wire steel	6
Study on hydrogen smelting reduction behaviour in synthetic molten HIsarna slag	6
Effect of nitrogen content and cerium treatment on the characteristics of inclusions in non-oriented silicon steel	6
Experimental determination of the shell thickness within the primary cooling zone in the continuous casting process	6
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	6
Morphology and crystallography of microstructures in Mg-deoxidized offshore engineering steels after simulated welding thermal cycles	6
The strength prediction model of iron ore sinter based on an artificial neural network	6
Basic research on the coherent jet with hydrogen as the surrounding gas	6
Numerical simulation analysis of the rolling process based on the particle swarm hybrid algorithm	6
Understanding casting behaviour of low carbon high manganese steel through detailed characterization of mould powder and mould top slag	5
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	5
Effect of Li2O on rheological properties, structure, and crystallization of mould flux for high-speed thin-slab continuous casting	5
Reaction mechanism of CO/CO2 with low-carbon aluminium-killed molten steel during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process	5
The precise control of end flare with residual stresses of UHSS thin-walled component in roll forming process	5
Energy balance and deoxidation status of electric arc furnace tapping processes	5
Acoustic emission monitoring to optimize the end-of-cast in blast furnaces	5
Viscosity and structure of CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based mold fluxes with various CaO/Al2O3 mass ratios	5
Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel	5
Preset model of bending force in 6-high universal crown tandem cold rolling mill based on symbolic regression	5
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	5
Rapid alloy prototyping for strip steel development: DP800 steel case study	5
Phase transition mechanism of high-silica fluxed pellets during consolidation	5
Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study	5
Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace	5
Effect of coke reactivity on reduction behaviours and non-isothermal kinetics of sinter at 1173–1373 K	5
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel	5

Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	5
Use of mask R-CNN for detection and control of slag scraper wear	5
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	5
Mathematical modelling of novel combined stirring method during the final stage of ladle refining	5
Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD	5
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	5
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	5
Steel world editorial 50.05	5
Designing mould fluxes to prevent longitudinal cracking for peritectic steel slab casting	5
Study of lime flow rate on calcium looping carbon capture for steel plant	4
Effect of the inclusion features on mechanical properties of steel	4
Effect of arc parameters on metal transfer in consumable electrode melting during the VAR process by numerical investigation	4
Intelligent evaluation and operation recommendation system of sintering process based on analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method–technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solu	4
Correction	4
Physical simulation study on flow field characteristics of molten steel during argon blowing in shroud of tundish	4
A size-dependent closure criterion for slab corner defects during vertical rolling process based on mathematical method	4
Effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process	4
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	4
An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	4
Evolution of oxide inclusions and cleanliness control in Al-killed GCr15SiMn bearing steel during secondary refining process	4
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	4
Study on the influence of unsteady casting on the flow characteristics and behavior of liquid steel in tundish	4
Research on the reaction mechanism and control of aluminium enhancement for electroslag remelting high-quality turbine blade steel	4
Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel	4
Optimization of roller teeth based on the analysis of the crushing mechanism of sintered ore	4
Thermodynamic analysis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) formation inside the HIsarna off-gas system	4
Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness in industrial Al-killed steel	4
Optimizing the transition pathway of a steel plant towards hydrogen-based steelmaking	4
Multiphase modelling of inclusion removal by bubble adhesion in the submerged entry nozzle with centrifugal swirling flow	4
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	4
Effect of magnetic alternate stirring on solidification structure of the round billet	4
Substituting natural gas with hydrogen: A case study on mass, energy, and emissions in electric arc furnace steelmaking	4
Numerical study on a new swirling flow pocket brick for tundish upper nozzle during continuous casting of steel	4
Properties of both Chinese silica brick and silica raw material	4
Liquid phase fluidity study of iron ore fines based on improved CondInst	4
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	4
Investigation of wear and surface quality of raw AISI H13 hot work tool steel in electro-discharge machining machine	4
Vertical vibration model for the roll system of a six-high rolling mill based on the Timoshenko beam theory	4
Effect of slag adjustment on inclusions in Si–Mn-killed steel during ladle furnace (LF) refining process	4
Correction	4
Effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratio on desulphurization and non-metallic inclusions in low-density steel	4
Effect of alloying on the cleanliness of Ti-stabilised interstitial-free (IF) steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) treatment	4
Effect of heat treatment process on precipitation of V microalloyed steel	4
Effect of impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon steel	3
Simulation and application of post-combustion oxygen lance in a top-blown converter	3
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	3
Detailed deformation behaviour analysis of DP steels at warm forming temperatures via warm tensile tests	3
Analysis of macrosegregation during slab continuous casting using 3D-longitudinal 2D hybrid model	3
Effect of CO–CO2 and H2–H2O on the reduction degree of fluxed pellets: reduction mechanism within hydrogen-rich blast furnace	3
Molecular dynamics analysis of the microstructural behavior of fluoride ions in CaO–SiO2-based and CaO–Al2O3-based slag systems	3
Hot deformation behaviour of microstructural evolution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel during high-temperature straining	3
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions i	3
Evolution behaviour and modification mechanism of inclusions in NM500 wear-resistant steel with calcium treatment	3
Two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of sulphur group and pyrite transformations in coal coking	3
Establishment and test of ‘dynamic relative area’ models for hot-metal dephosphorization and rephosphorization	3
Thermo-mechanical analysis of the flange in a Billet continuous casting machine based on limited temperature measurements	3
A theoretical approach to evaluate the effect of hydrocarbon and CO2 injection on blast furnace raceway: step towards reduction of CO2 emission	3
Study on the effect of Al-La composite deoxidation on the modification behaviors of TiN and sulfide inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel	3
Wettability of molten CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag on some refractory materials at 1773K	3
Effect of slag basicity and reduction time on carbothermal reduction behaviour of P-bearing steelmaking slag	3
Effect of Zr addition on toughness in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-titanium low-alloy steels	3
Influence of different central nozzle diameters and powder injection rates on carbon powder mixed injection with shrouding supersonic oxygen jet (CMISSO) lance	3
Modelling the effect of sinter machine speed on bed temperature and coke combustion characteristics in iron ore sintering process	3
Effect of zircon addition on the sintering of chromite-based ladle filler sands	3
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	3
Reduction characteristics of cold-agglomerated pellets in blast furnace conditions	3
CFD modelling of steel desulfurisation in a gas-stirred ladle	3
Slopping index for LD converters based on sound and image data fusion by fuzzy Kalman filter	3
Research on deformation resistance of strip steel and rolling force prediction during cold rolling based on the hot rolling parameters	3
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials	3
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	3
Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition	3
Dephosphorisation of hot metal containing moderate amounts of chromium with CaO–FeOx–Cr2O3–CaF2 slag	3
Kinetic model of dephosphorization in the new double slag converter steelmaking process	3
Research on low-carbon smelting technology of blast furnace – optimized design of blast furnace	3
Thermo-mechanical behaviour analysis of slab corner during special steel continuous casting	3
Prediction of nitrogen behaviour in the AOD process by a time-dependent thermodynamic model	3
Microstructure and flow behaviour of a quenching and partitioning steel at elevated temperatures	3
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	3
Exploring pyrolysis and reduction behaviour of high-sulphur petroleum coke for disposal of Zn-containing dust	3

Effect of retained austenite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled medium-manganese Q&P steel	3
Effect of rare earth element on H13 microscopic structure and mechanical properties	3
The simulation of mould metallurgical behaviour under electromagnetic stirring for vertical large bloom	3
Influence of top gas recycling technology on operation parameters and CO2 emission of COREX process	3
Indices to monitor the root cause of circumferential imbalance in blast furnace	3
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	3
Burden matrix control based on gas flow characteristics of blast furnace	3
Effect of initial aluminium-oxygen concentration product on alumina-based inclusions in high carbon Al-killed steels during the ladle refining process	3
Effect of current intensity on molten pool and solidification in vacuum arc remelting process of Ti60 alloy	3
Improvement of carbon segregation in billet by final-EMS, based on segmented continuous casting model	2
Effect of lanthanum on inclusions and solidification structure of alloy 800H	2
Study on the control of macro/semi-macro segregation in unevenly solidified slabs through optimizing soft reduction process	2
Microsegregation and solidification characteristics of an advanced high strength steel – part II: experimental validation	2
Slim-YOLOv8: A fast and accurate algorithm for surface defect detection of steel strips	2
Efficient utilisation of waste steel slag in slag-making process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces	2
Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiaxially forged Fe–30Mn–9Al–0.8C and Fe–20Mn–10Al–1C low-density steels	2
A visual slag peeling detection method in blast furnace	2
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel	2
Numerical simulation of industrial scale RH degasser under different operational parameters	2
Forecasts of thermal coal prices through Gaussian process regressions	2
Experimental study on parameters optimisation of adding vanadium-titanium magnetite to iron ore pellet	2
Thermodynamic modelling of liquid steel tapping process to predict carryover slag amount	2
Control of macrosegregation at the steel gradient transition by submerged entry nozzle and mold electromagnetic stirring	2
Research and application of the sintering whole process intelligent manufacturing system	2
Measurement of initial crystallization temperature of mold flux based on alternate current conductivity method	2
Viscosity and electrical conductivity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Ce2O3electroslag remelting slag	2
Effect of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires	2
Effect of direct alloying of manganese ore–cored wires on the composition and quality of molten steel	2
Online mechanical property prediction and automatic product release for hot rolled steel strip products using artificial neural network models	2
Production of low phosphorous steel from low silicon high phosphorous hot metal in BOF	2
Partial differential equation modelling of the solid–liquid phase process in iron sintering and interface control with backstepping method	2
Investigation on the deformation mechanism of alkali metal on inclusions in cord steel containing different aluminium content	2
Intervention mechanism of carbide precipitation during tempering and its impact on residual stress and mechanical properties of wear-resistant steels	2
Effect of process parameters on the static recrystallisation and precipitation behaviours of V–Ti–N microalloyed steel	2
Application of crystallization additivity principle in continuous casting mould flux	2
Predicting viscosity for steelmaking slag: A stacking regression approach	2
Analysis of true and false sticker breakouts’ characteristics based on mould thermal image	2
Study on coke properties in deadman of blast furnace	2
Stacking ensemble learning fused with whale optimisation algorithm based method for crown prediction of hot-rolled strip	2
Statement of Retraction	2
Blast furnace hearth erosion modelling based on the dataset approach	2
Prediction and optimisation of solidification structure growth and transformation behaviour in microalloy chamfered continuous casting slab	2
Digital twin-based methodology for schedule execution in hot strip rolling	2
Effect of depressions on the three-dimensional propagation of longitudinal surface crack in continuous casting strands of hypo-peritectic steel	2
Evaluation of motion behaviour of inclusions at the moulten steel–slag interface based on a modified model	2
Development of high impact toughness offshore engineering steel by yttrium-based rare earth addition	2
Characteristics of flight trajectory and heat transfer of liquid steelmaking slag droplet during air quenching granulation process	2
Effect of boron and cerium additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al-killed high-strength steel	2
Effect of Al 2 O 3 on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO 2 –FeO t	2
Numerical investigation on effect of electromagnetic stirring on macrosegregation in continuously cast round bloom via three-phase solidification model	2
The calibration of the MMC damage model under various hardening models and yielding criterions for DP800 steel	2
Construction of intelligent coal blending system based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm	2
Improving compositional homogeneity of CF53 steel products by modifying their solidification structure and F-EMS intensity	2
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of ferrite structure on the mechanical characteristics of pearlite	2
Research on strip surface defect detection based on improved YOLOv5 algorithm	2
Numerical analysis of uneven coating near steel strip edges in continuous hot-dip galvanizing	2
Thermodynamic investigation of biomass-steam gasification in converter vaporisation flue for synthesis gas production	2
Impact of bottom-blowing parameters on melt pool homogenization in a 120-ton converter based on carbon-oxygen reaction	2
Solidification structure and hardenability optimization of 20CrMnTiH gear steel considering dendrite sedimentation	2
Dynamic recrystallisation and constitutive equation in hot deformed AISI H10 tool steel	1
A novel method for online bulk density measurement in stamped charging machine using force sensors	1
Sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2-FetO slag with high titanium and high FeO content based on HIsmelt process	1
Investigate the oxidation induration mechanism of manganese-bearing magnetite concentrate pellets	1
A comprehensive study to increase sinter productivity using vertical permeability bars	1
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	1
Formation and removal mechanism of SiO2-MnO-Al2O3 inclusions in Al-killed 42CrMo4 wind turbine bearing steel forgings	1
Kinetics of coke-based reduction of oolitic hematite in microwave	1
Micro-structure-property relationship of heavily drawn steel wires for large span suspension bridge cables	1
Impact of cerium on microstructure of rust and corrosion resistance of Cu-Cr-Ni-V micro-alloyed steels in NaHSO3 acid accelerated test	1
Investigation on the control of rare earth content and surface quality of ingot during electroslag remelting process	1
Oxidation behavior of 9Cr-RAFM steel at high temperature	1
Water modelling on particle dispersion during KR desulphurization process	1
Numerical simulation of coupled fluid flow and solidification in a curved round bloom continuous caster with a combined rotary electromagnetic stirring	1
Continuous measurement of ferrous sinter size distributions using an optical sensor system	1
Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	1
Research on fracture prediction and control of UHSS thin-walled component with complex section in roll forming process	1
Comments on oxide inclusion formation/removal in the ESR process	1
Unravelling the impact of Al-Ti content on the microstructure-toughness relationship in the coarse-grained heated-affected zone of super-high-strength pipeline steels	1
Evaluation of longitudinal cracks in thin slab using coupled fluid flow and thermo-mechanical numerical modelling approach	1
Three-dimensional transient model analyses the influence of coke size on the evolution characteristics of iron sintering temperature field	1
Attenuation of sound signals in foams for the basic oxygen furnace using physical modelling techniques	1
Crystallisation behaviour and enhanced separation of RE-phase in RE-bearing blast furnace slag	1
Numerical simulation of flow field in continuous casting slab mould under EMS conditions assisted with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement	1
Effect of smelting temperature and CO2 gas flow rate on decarburization kinetics between CO2 gas and liquid Fe-C alloy	1
A new method for evaluating the melting performance of the slag	1
Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel	1
Application of the Fuller–Thompson equation in sinter blend design to increase sinter productivity	1
Critical analysis of variable atmosphere gaseous reduction of iron oxides pellets	1
Research on shear-thinning and surface properties of CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Al2O3-based mould flux	1
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel	1
An integrated optimal control model for the drying and preheating process in iron ore pellet manufacturing	1
Vanadium extraction from vanadinite and high carbon v-bearing stone coal by coupling reduction smelting and oxalic acid hydrothermal leaching	1
Real-time detection of coke particles in blast furnace operations using machine learning: Case of a steel plant in India	1
Phosphorus diffusion at the interface between 2CaO·SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag	1
Analysis of properties and microstructure of ASTM 5% Ni steel used for cryogenic pressure vessel	1