Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace	72
A review: research progress of flux pellets and their application in China	40
Effect of Al content on non-metallic inclusions in Fe–23Mn– x Al–0.7C lightweight steels	38
Blast furnace injection for minimizing the coke rate and CO2emissions	29
Controlling centre segregation and shrinkage cavities without internal crack in as-cast bloom of steel GCr15 induced by soft reduction technologies	22
Scrap steel price forecasting with neural networks for east, north, south, central, northeast, and southwest China and at the national level	20
Effect of slag adjustment on inclusions in Si–Mn-killed steel during ladle furnace (LF) refining process	19
Effect of impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon steel	16
Development of high impact toughness offshore engineering steel by yttrium-based rare earth addition	16
Optimal hot metal desulphurisation slag considering iron loss and sulphur removal capacity part I: fundamentals	14
Machine learning predictions of regional steel price indices for east China	14
Effects of residual elements during the casting process of steel production: a critical review	14
Effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratio on desulphurization and non-metallic inclusions in low-density steel	13
Study on the three-dimensional morphology of MnS inclusions in high sulphur steel	13
Research on low-carbon smelting technology of blast furnace – optimized design of blast furnace	13
Optimisation of the bottom blowing process for a 200 t converter	12
Effect of M-EMS current intensity on the subsurface segregation and internal solidification structure for bloom casting of 42CrMo steel	12
Effect of flow control devices on the distribution of magnetic-flow-heat in the channel induction heating tundish	12
Contemporaneous causality among price indices of ten major steel products	12
Effect of Ce on inclusion evolution and HAZ mechanical properties of Al-killed high-strength steel	12
Research on terminal control model of intelligent mining of flame spectral information of converter mouth in late smelting stage	11
Survey on the electric arc furnace and ladle furnace electric system	11
Prediction of blast furnace parameters using feature engineering and Stacking algorithm	11
Forms of Bi-sulphide in 1215MS steel related to machining and mechanical performance	11
Vision-based detection system of slag flow from ladle to tundish with the help of the detection of undulation of slag layer of the tundish using an image analysis technique	11

Experimental study on hydrogen reduction of industrial fines in fluidized bed	10
Application of mass and energy balance in oxygen steelmaking	10
Kinetic model of dephosphorization in the new double slag converter steelmaking process	10
Mechanism on reduction swelling of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate	10
Simulation and application of submerged CO2–O2 injection in EAF steelmaking: combined blowing equipment arrangement and industrial application	10
The simulation of mould metallurgical behaviour under electromagnetic stirring for vertical large bloom	9
Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics during water jet impingement cooling of a high-temperature steel surface	9
The kinetics of carbon monoxide reduction of magnetite concentrate particles through CFD modelling	9
Investigation of the microstructure interaction mechanism of coke–slag–metal in deadman of blast furnace	9
Dephosphorisation behaviour of BOF crude steel using CaO-based flux	8
A detection model for corner cracks of continuous casting strand based on deep learning	8
Simulation and application of post-combustion oxygen lance in a top-blown converter	8
Effect of intercritical annealing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase steel	8
An estimation model for cross temperature measuring in blast furnace ironmaking	7
Industrial internet platforms: applications in BF ironmaking	7
Critical analysis of variable atmosphere gaseous reduction of iron oxides pellets	7
Sliver defects in an ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel caused by low steel level in the tundish	7
Evolution of inclusions with cerium addition and effects of C-containing rare earth inclusions on the toughness of ultra-high-strength structural steel	7
In-situ study of microstructures and sulphides and machinability of Bi-bearing free-cutting steels	7
Numerical simulation of fuel layered distribution iron ore sintering technology	7
Electrolysis of iron with oxygen gas evolution from molten sodium borate electrolytes	7
Development of a high-efficiency dephosphorization process via the fine in situ phases due to the composite ball explosion	7
Prediction of properties over the length of the coil during thermo-mechanical processing using DNN	7
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	7
CFD modelling of the off-gas system of HIsarna iron making process. Part 1: model development using detailed reaction mechanism for post-combustion of CO–H2 mixture and carbon particles	6
A visual detection method for PCI blockage and coke size distribution in tuyere raceway	6
Numerical simulation of coupled fluid flow and solidification in a curved round bloom continuous caster with a combined rotary electromagnetic stirring	6
Rate-enhancement effect of CO in magnetite concentrate particle reduction by H 2 +CO mixtures	6
Reaction mechanism of CO/CO2 with low-carbon aluminium-killed molten steel during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process	6
The effect of shifting modes on work roll wear in strip steel hot rolling process	6
Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of copper slag carbothermal reduction process	6
Influence of heat flux different between wide and narrow face in continuous casting mould on unevenness of hypo-peritectic steel solidification at off-corner	6
Optimal hot metal desulphurisation slag considering iron loss and sulphur removal capacity part II: evaluation	6
Effect of various components on the distribution of phosphorus in CaO–FeO–MgO–SiO2–MnO–TiO2–V2O5–P2O5 slag based on IMCT	6
Effect of smelting temperature and CO2 gas flow rate on decarburization kinetics between CO2 gas and liquid Fe-C alloy	6
Modelling the effect of sinter machine speed on bed temperature and coke combustion characteristics in iron ore sintering process	6
Rapid alloy prototyping for strip steel development: DP800 steel case study	6
Study of dynamic refractory wear by slags containing very high FeO contents under steelmaking conditions	6
Effect of boron accompanied by chromium, vanadium and titanium on kinetics of austenite grain growth	6
Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace	6
Effects of coarse particles, prior austenite grains, and microstructures on impact toughness in heat-affected zone of Mg deoxidation steel plates without or with Al addition	6
Review on alternative fuel application in iron ore sintering	6
Mathematical modelling and plant trial on slagging regime in a ladle furnace for high-efficiency desulphurization	6
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	6
Numerical investigation of AC electric arc plasma heat dissipation in EAF	6
Relationship between interaction under non-load condition and softening & melting behaviour of typical blast furnace feed	6
Characteristics of sliver defects caused by mould flux entrainment on the surface of the hot-dip galvanised automobile exposed panel	5
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	5
Numerical simulation on the centre macrosegregation during Billet continuous casting with the soft reduction	5
Numerical studies of CO separation and enrichment from blast furnace gas by using a CuCl/Y fixed bed	5

Energy balance between multiple supersonic jets and molten bath in BOF steelmaking	5
Effect of zircon addition on the sintering of chromite-based ladle filler sands	5
Evaluation of different alloying concepts to trace non-metallic inclusions by adding rare earths on a laboratory scale	5
Heat transfer in ESR slags	5
Effect of acidity coefficient on crystallization behaviour of modified blast furnace slag	5
Modification of MnS inclusion with trace tellurium to improve the machinability of medium-carbon low-sulfur steel	5
Investigate the oxidation induration mechanism of manganese-bearing magnetite concentrate pellets	5
Transformation of inclusions in Al-killed steels with different calcium contents during the heat treatment	5
Detailed deformation behaviour analysis of DP steels at warm forming temperatures via warm tensile tests	5
Investigation in CaO–SiO2–CaF2–C slags during the sintering and melting process	5
Dephosphorisation of hot metal containing moderate amounts of chromium with CaO–FeOx–Cr2O3–CaF2 slag	5
Reduction in skull loss in billet caster tundish through water modelling studies	5
Effect of the charging sequence of iron-bearing burden on burden distribution during the charging process of blast furnace based on discrete element method	5
Coke dry quenching and implications on coke quality and blast furnace performance	5
Numerical simulation of slag entrapment process during the end of casting in tundish	5
Iron nugget formation from iron sand/coal composite pellets under isothermal-temperature gradient profiles	5
Application and assessment of aluminium deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel using various formalisms based on some statistical thermodynamic models	5
Prediction of nitrogen behaviour in the AOD process by a time-dependent thermodynamic model	5
Study on the formation mechanism of clogging layer of rare earth microalloyed Q355 steel’s submerged entry nozzle and process optimization	5
Study on dehydrogenation behaviour of molten steel in single snorkel refining furnace (SSRF) by a mathematical model	5
Computer modelling of burden distribution in the blast furnace equipped by a bell-less top charging system	5
Effect of Ca on the evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite in Ti–Mg killed EH36 steel	4
Simulation of the flow, temperature, and concentration fields in the reactor of the HIsmelt process	4
Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	4
Evolution behaviour and modification mechanism of inclusions in NM500 wear-resistant steel with calcium treatment	4
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	4
Value in use of lime in BOF steelmaking process	4
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	4
Predictive models for molten slags viscosity and electrical conductivity based on directed chemical bonds concept	4
Effect of degree of burden mixing on the permeability of ferrous burden layers in the cohesive zone	4
Precipitation behaviour of phosphorus in high strength IF steel during laminar cooling	4
Numerical investigation of incremental forming process of AISI 304 stainless steel	4
Effect of Mg, La and Ca addition order on inclusions and microstructure of Ti-bearing C–Mn steel	4
Hot metal dephosphorization process using calcium ferrite slag without fluorite	4
Numerical simulation and suppression method of inclined wave defects in strip cold rolling	4
Supersonic jet characteristics of two parameter oxygen lance nozzle	4
Fluid flow, solidification and solute transport in billet continuous casting with different stirrer positions	4
Electrode manufacture for the remelting processes	4
Numerical study on a new swirling flow pocket brick for tundish upper nozzle during continuous casting of steel	4
Evolution mechanism of Ca-containing inclusions in 20Mn23AlV high-manganese non-magnetic steel during the refining process	4
Effect of Li2O on rheological properties, structure, and crystallization of mould flux for high-speed thin-slab continuous casting	4
Studies on characterization of properties of low-grade hematite iron ores and their fired pellets	4
Modelling of continuous casting processes parameters on the shrinkage cavity formation in bearing steel blooms	4
Effect of the addition amount of iron carbon agglomerates on the isothermal reduction kinetics of pellets–iron carbon agglomerates mixture	4
Influence of various counter-bodies on the sliding friction and wear response of M50 steel	4
Viscosity and desulphurisation behaviour of CaO–SiO 2 –MgO–Al 2 O 3 –BaO–MnO slag	4
Thermodynamic activity of FeO in CaO–SiO2–MnO–FeO–MgO molten slags	4
CFD modelling of the off-gas system HIsarna iron making process part 2: reflux chamber geometry modification and effects on flow behaviour	4
Space–time characteristics of true and false sticker breakouts in mould during continuous casting	4
Forecasts of thermal coal prices through Gaussian process regressions	4
Effect of heat treatment process on precipitation of V microalloyed steel	4
Assessment of the dissolution rate and behaviour of raw dolomite and limestone with different calcination degrees in primary steelmaking slags	4
Effect of the inclusion features on mechanical properties of steel	4
Desulphurisation with dispersed in-situ phases induced by composite ball explosive reaction during ultra-low carbon steel production in RH degasser	4
Recent advances in inclusions and central segregation control technology in tyre cord steel and saw wire steel	4
Abnormality monitoring and causality analysis based on KF-PDC and IACE in blast furnace ironmaking process	4
Numerical simulation of solidification structures in continuous casting of a thin slab at high casting speed	4
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate	4
Numerical study on the influence of pellet proportion on burden distribution in blast furnace	4
Prediction interval estimation of sinter drum index based on light gradient boosting machine and kernel density estimation	4
Effect of retained austenite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled medium-manganese Q&P steel	3
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	3
Influence of auto-tempering on mechanical properties and microstructure of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel by discontinuous cooling process	3
Process optimization of bottom-blown argon for 130t ladle furnace	3
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	3
Casting parameters and propagation behaviour of sticker breakout for the conventional slab	3
Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness in industrial Al-killed steel	3
Influence of BaO on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO 2 –Fe t O–Al 2 O 3	3
Quality and productivity enhancement of sintering process using correlation-based online permeability by infrared-based flow measurement technique	3
Effect of nitrogen and tempering temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0Cr15Ni6Mo2 martensitic stainless steel	3
Effect of cooling uniformity on the internal reduction efficiency of a slab	3
Softening and melting performance of mixed burden under the simulated hydrogen-rich blast furnace atmosphere	3
Comments on oxide inclusion formation/removal in the ESR process	3
Dynamic recrystallisation and constitutive equation in hot deformed AISI H10 tool steel	3
Utilization of micro-fines in sinter making and its implications on bed permeability and sinter quality	3
CFD modelling of steel desulfurisation in a gas-stirred ladle	3
Experimental and numerical investigation of the springback behaviour of CP800 sheet after the V-bending process	3
Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel	3
Effect of Ce on inclusion, microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-killed high-strength steel	3
Mathematical modelling of novel combined stirring method during the final stage of ladle refining	3

Analysis of fluid flow characteristics of RH reactor with different bottom-blowing arrangements	3
Evolution behaviour of interfacial structure between quicklime and converter slag: slag-forming route based on FetO component	3
Effects of fine blanking process on cutting surfaces of high-strength DP600 and DP800 sheets	3
Analysis and optimisation on the energy consumption of electric arc furnace steelmaking	3
Mathematical modelling of the liquid/liquid mass transfer behaviour in gas stirred ladles	3
Prediction of SO 2 and NO x in sintering flue gas based on PSO-BP neural network model	3
A hybrid approach using multiple linear regression and random forest regression to predict molten steel temperature in a continuous casting tundish	3
Numerical simulation on inclusion removal behaviours in refining processes of spring steel	3
Sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2-FetO slag with high titanium and high FeO content based on HIsmelt process	3
Phosphorus diffusion at the interface between 2CaO·SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag	3
Production of low phosphorous steel from low silicon high phosphorous hot metal in BOF	3
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	3
Intelligent optimization system of burden structure in sintering and blast furnace ironmaking process based on improved genetic algorithm	3
Slag parameters and sulphur partition in blast furnace hearth: Ukrainian case and international comparison	3
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	3
Morphology transition of eutectic carbide assisted by thermoelectric magnetic force during the directional solidification of M2 high-speed steel	3
Influence of prior microstructure on the mechanical and microstructural properties of C–Mn–B steel after spheroidizing annealing	3
Response analysis of a continuously-cast billet under the impact vibration of the solidification end	3
Effect of CaF2 and CaO/Al2O3 ratio on evaporation and melting characteristics of low-fluoride CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 slag	3
Effect of impellers on particle mixing behaviour in KR desulphurization process	3
Effect of pulverized coal residues on the blast furnace streaming conditions	3
Influence of hot-core heavy reduction rolling on microstructure uniformity of casting billet	3
Effect of strip profile of hot-rolled silicon steel on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip	3
Melting characteristics of alternative charging materials in an electric arc furnace steelmaking	3
Water modelling on particle dispersion during KR desulphurization process	3
Influence of the heat treatment on the quantitative features of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel sheets	3
Study on hydrogen smelting reduction behaviour in synthetic molten HIsarna slag	2
Evolution of sulphide inclusion in Mg–Ca treating gear steel	2
Experimental determination of the shell thickness within the primary cooling zone in the continuous casting process	2
Effect of P2O5 addition on enrichment behaviour of phosphorus in CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag	2
XDEM study of burden distribution in iron ore pellet firing	2
Continuous measurement of ferrous sinter size distributions using an optical sensor system	2
Model and application of hearth activity in a commercial blast furnace	2
A numerical and experimental study on the hold-edge conditions and hole-expansion ratio of hole-blanking and hole-expansion tests for ferrite bainite steel (FB590) sheets	2
Vacuum degassing impact on non-metallic inclusions during clean steelmaking	2
Development of softening and melting testing conditions simulating blast furnace operation with hydrogen injection	2
Causality analysis and prediction of blast furnace state based on convergence cross mapping	2
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions i	2
An improved simulation modelling on the heat transfer process of wire-feeding spheroidization in iron melt	2
Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition	2
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	2
Influence of mould level instability on the unevenness of solidified shell deformations during continuous casting	2
Basic research on the coherent jet with hydrogen as the surrounding gas	2
Uniformity and comprehensive quality evaluation of steel product via process capability index and TOPSIS	2
Morphology and crystallography of microstructures in Mg-deoxidized offshore engineering steels after simulated welding thermal cycles	2
Motion behaviour of solid inclusions at the steel–slag interface in high-Al steel	2
Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel	2
Research on cascade intelligent sinter quality prediction system based on big data technology	2
Preparation of coke from biomass char modified by vapour deposition of tar generated during pyrolysis of woody biomass	2
Dynamic analysis of blockage behavior of fine particles in a packed bed by discrete element method	2
Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach. Part 2: Data-driven aspects	2
Effect of defocused electron beam surface Ni/VC alloying on microstructure and properties of 40Cr steel	2
Revealing the morphology evolution and distribution of manganese sulphide in the 38MnS6 steel during continuous casting	2
Study on asymmetry and temperature difference between different strands in 7-outlets tundish	2
Research and application of the sintering whole process intelligent manufacturing system	2
Effect of titanium on the discontinuous growth of as-cast coarse columnar γ grain of peritectic carbon steel	2
Effect of CO–CO2 and H2–H2O on the reduction degree of fluxed pellets: reduction mechanism within hydrogen-rich blast furnace	2
Analysis of macrosegregation during slab continuous casting using 3D-longitudinal 2D hybrid model	2
Effect of deformation amount distribution in the austenite recrystallization temperature region on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the X70 pipeline steel	2
The strength prediction model of iron ore sinter based on an artificial neural network	2
Study on the effect of mould alternate stirring on the internal quality of the round billet	2
Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter	2
Ionic analysis of the effect of temperature on dephosphorization capacity of silicate slags	2
Effect of MgO on wetting and corrosion behaviour of corundum substrate by CaO–SiO 2 –MgO (–Al 2 O 3	2
Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel	2
How the skin-pass rolling reduction ratio affects the strain aging behaviour of low-carbon steel sheets	2
Desulphurisation behaviour of blast furnace slag with high Al2O3 content at 1823 K	2
The analysis of factors affecting the alloy yield of carbon structural steel Q235 in the smelting process	2
Measurement model of molten steel flow velocity in the continuous casting mould based on the Seebeck principle	2
Influence mechanism of different reactive Iron Carbon Agglomerates on softening–melting–dropping properties of BF mixed burdens	2
Slopping index for LD converters based on sound and image data fusion by fuzzy Kalman filter	2
Effect of highly oxidizing converter dephosphorization slag on dephosphorization behaviour of molten steel	2
Influence of top gas recycling technology on operation parameters and CO2 emission of COREX process	2
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	2
Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach (PART 1: fundamental aspects)	2
Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study	2
The effect of TiN precipitated particles on the austenite grain and hardenability of 20CrMnTi gear steel	2
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	1
Effect of magnetic alternate stirring on solidification structure of the round billet	1
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	1
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	1
Shifting strategy optimization of the thermal work roll in hot strip rolling based on three particle swarms and differential evolution algorithm	1
Modulation of δ-ferrite formation and austenite stability in Al-added medium-Mn steels and its role in the structure–property relationships	1
Optimization of roller teeth based on the analysis of the crushing mechanism of sintered ore	1
Energy balance and deoxidation status of electric arc furnace tapping processes	1
Preset model of bending force in 6-high universal crown tandem cold rolling mill based on symbolic regression	1
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	1
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	1
Numerical simulation analysis of the rolling process based on the particle swarm hybrid algorithm	1
Hot deformation behaviour of microstructural evolution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel during high-temperature straining	1
Properties of both Chinese silica brick and silica raw material	1
Phase transition mechanism of high-silica fluxed pellets during consolidation	1
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	1
Study of lime flow rate on calcium looping carbon capture for steel plant	1
Combined impacts of thickness and bending angle on springback of 1000DP steel sheets	1