Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace	49
Surface defect detection of steel strips based on classification priority YOLOv3-dense network	42
Recent progress and development of ironmaking in China as of 2019: an overview	31
Effect of Al content on non-metallic inclusions in Fe–23Mn– x Al–0.7C lightweight steels	27
A review: research progress of flux pellets and their application in China	26
Blast furnace injection for minimizing the coke rate and CO2 emissions	24
Effect of aluminium content on the formation of inclusions in Fe–5Mn–xAl steels	21
Influence of the non-uniform bottom blowing gas supply mode on the dynamic conditions of molten pool during the converter steelmaking process	21
Controlling centre segregation and shrinkage cavities without internal crack in as-cast bloom of steel GCr15 induced by soft reduction technologies	16
Transient influence of cerium on inclusions in an Al-killed non-oriented electrical steel	13
Development of high impact toughness offshore engineering steel by yttrium-based rare earth addition	13
Modelling the cumulative effect of scrap usage within a circular UK steel industry – residual element aggregation	12
Optimal hot metal desulphurisation slag considering iron loss and sulphur removal capacity part I: fundamentals	12
Sulphide capacity prediction of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 slag system by using regularized extreme learning machine	11
Effect of slag adjustment on inclusions in Si–Mn-killed steel during ladle furnace (LF) refining process	11
Metallurgical performance of innovative double-parameter oxygen lance in BOF steelmaking	11
Kinetics of hydrogen reduction of magnetite concentrate particles at 1623–1873 K relevant to flash ironmaking	11
Effect of Ce on inclusion evolution and HAZ mechanical properties of Al-killed high-strength steel	11
Effect of TiO2 on fluoride evaporation from CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–Li2O–(TiO2) slag	10
Research on low-carbon smelting technology of blast furnace – optimized design of blast furnace	10
Study on the three-dimensional morphology of MnS inclusions in high sulphur steel	10
Forms of Bi-sulphide in 1215MS steel related to machining and mechanical performance	10
Effect of impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon steel	10
Effect of flow control devices on the distribution of magnetic-flow-heat in the channel induction heating tundish	9
Treatment of vanadium–titanium magnetite based on composite agglomeration process (CAP)	9

Behaviour of oxide inclusions and sulphur in ‘two-stage basicity control’ refining method of Si-killed spring steel	9
The poisoning effect of sintering dust on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst for NOx removal in iron ore sintering flue gas	9
Influence of slag temperature on phosphorus enrichment in P-bearing steelmaking slag	9
The simulation of mould metallurgical behaviour under electromagnetic stirring for vertical large bloom	9
Study on metallurgical characteristics of the bottom-blown O2–CaO converter	8
Vision-based detection system of slag flow from ladle to tundish with the help of the detection of undulation of slag layer of the tundish using an image analysis technique	8
Effects of residual elements during the casting process of steel production: a critical review	8
Scrap steel price forecasting with neural networks for east, north, south, central, northeast, and southwest China and at the national level	7
Effects of Al addition on austenite grain growth, submicrometre and nanometre particles in heat-affected zone of steel plates with Mg deoxidation	7
Kinetic model of dephosphorization in the new double slag converter steelmaking process	7
Simulation and application of submerged CO2–O2 injection in EAF steelmaking: combined blowing equipment arrangement and industrial application	7
Analysis of tuyere failure categories in 5800 m3 blast furnace	7
Mechanism on reduction swelling of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate	7
Effect of M-EMS current intensity on the subsurface segregation and internal solidification structure for bloom casting of 42CrMo steel	7
Effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratio on desulphurization and non-metallic inclusions in low-density steel	7
Prediction of properties over the length of the coil during thermo-mechanical processing using DNN	7
The kinetics of carbon monoxide reduction of magnetite concentrate particles through CFD modelling	7
Dephosphorization of high silicon hot metal based on double slag converter steelmaking technology	7
Optimisation of the bottom blowing process for a 200 t converter	6
Optimal hot metal desulphurisation slag considering iron loss and sulphur removal capacity part II: evaluation	6
CFD modelling of the off-gas system of HIsarna iron making process. Part 1: model development using detailed reaction mechanism for post-combustion of CO–H2 mixture and carbon particles	6
Dephosphorisation behaviour of BOF crude steel using CaO-based flux	6
Review on alternative fuel application in iron ore sintering	6
Influence of burner nozzle configuration, and inlet gas composition on combustion, gas dynamics, temperature and concentration profile in a rotary hearth furnace	6
Research on terminal control model of intelligent mining of flame spectral information of converter mouth in late smelting stage	6
Prediction of blast furnace parameters using feature engineering and Stacking algorithm	6
Experimental study on hydrogen reduction of industrial fines in fluidized bed	6
Numerical simulation of fuel layered distribution iron ore sintering technology	6
Fracture evolution in ferrite/martensite dual-phase flange steel	6
Reaction mechanism of CO/CO2 with low-carbon aluminium-killed molten steel during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process	6
Application of mass and energy balance in oxygen steelmaking	6
A comparative study of pellets, sinter and mixed ferrous burden behaviour under simulated blast furnace conditions	6
Development of a high-efficiency dephosphorization process via the fine in situ phases due to the composite ball explosion	6
Mathematical modelling and plant trial on slagging regime in a ladle furnace for high-efficiency desulphurization	6
Effect of smelting temperature and CO2 gas flow rate on decarburization kinetics between CO2 gas and liquid Fe-C alloy	6
Sliver defects in an ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel caused by low steel level in the tundish	6
Numerical analysis on flatness adjusting performance of hot wide strip temper mill with small-diameter work rolls	6
Numerical investigation of AC electric arc plasma heat dissipation in EAF	5
Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace	5
Investigation of the microstructure interaction mechanism of coke–slag–metal in deadman of blast furnace	5
Numerical simulation of coupled fluid flow and solidification in a curved round bloom continuous caster with a combined rotary electromagnetic stirring	5
Numerical simulation of co-injection of pulverized coal and blast furnace gas separated by a membrane	5
Study on dehydrogenation behaviour of molten steel in single snorkel refining furnace (SSRF) by a mathematical model	5
Lowering iron losses during slag removal in hot metal desulphurisation without using fluoride	5
Effects of niobium on network carbide in high-carbon chromium bearing steel by in situ observation analysis	5
Study of dynamic refractory wear by slags containing very high FeO contents under steelmaking conditions	5
Effects of coarse particles, prior austenite grains, and microstructures on impact toughness in heat-affected zone of Mg deoxidation steel plates without or with Al addition	5
New method for estimating the economic penalties of ferrous scraps in the steelmaking industry due to material degradation during its storage in scrap yards	5
Iron nugget formation from iron sand/coal composite pellets under isothermal-temperature gradient profiles	5
Dephosphorisation of hot metal containing moderate amounts of chromium with CaO–FeOx–Cr2O3–CaF2 slag	5

Melting characteristics of steel scrap with different carbon contents in liquid steel	5
An estimation model for cross temperature measuring in blast furnace ironmaking	5
Effect of submerged entry nozzle structure on fluid flow in a beam blank continuous casting mould	5
Effect of various components on the distribution of phosphorus in CaO–FeO–MgO–SiO2–MnO–TiO2–V2O5–P2O5 slag based on IMCT	5
Survey on the electric arc furnace and ladle furnace electric system	5
Rate-enhancement effect of CO in magnetite concentrate particle reduction by H 2 +CO mixtures	5
Influence mechanism of silicon content in Al-killed steel on compositions of inclusions during LF refining	5
Effect of Ce on thermo-plasticity of lean duplex stainless steel	5
Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of copper slag carbothermal reduction process	4
Investigation in CaO–SiO2–CaF2–C slags during the sintering and melting process	4
Prediction of nitrogen behaviour in the AOD process by a time-dependent thermodynamic model	4
Mathematical modelling for predicting mechanical properties in rebar manufacturing	4
Rapid alloy prototyping for strip steel development: DP800 steel case study	4
Effect of boron accompanied by chromium, vanadium and titanium on kinetics of austenite grain growth	4
Application of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model for slab camber control in a hot strip rougher mill	4
A detection model for corner cracks of continuous casting strand based on deep learning	4
Characteristics of sliver defects caused by mould flux entrainment on the surface of the hot-dip galvanised automobile exposed panel	4
Transformation of inclusions in Al-killed steels with different calcium contents during the heat treatment	4
Numerical studies of CO separation and enrichment from blast furnace gas by using a CuCl/Y fixed bed	4
The effect of shifting modes on work roll wear in strip steel hot rolling process	4
Computer modelling of burden distribution in the blast furnace equipped by a bell-less top charging system	4
Evaluation of different alloying concepts to trace non-metallic inclusions by adding rare earths on a laboratory scale	4
Detailed deformation behaviour analysis of DP steels at warm forming temperatures via warm tensile tests	4
Effect of dual-phase structure on the microstructure and deformation inhomogeneity of 2507 duplex stainless steel	4
Industrial internet platforms: applications in BF ironmaking	4
Morphological changes of elongated MnS inclusions during heat treatment process	4
Effect of modified MgO aggregates on mechanical properties of magnesium aluminate spinel refractories	4
CFD modelling of the off-gas system HIsarna iron making process part 2: reflux chamber geometry modification and effects on flow behaviour	4
Space–time characteristics of true and false sticker breakouts in mould during continuous casting	4
Effect of intercritical annealing on the mechanical properties of dual-phase steel	4
Electrolysis of iron with oxygen gas evolution from molten sodium borate electrolytes	4
Effect of the addition amount of iron carbon agglomerates on the isothermal reduction kinetics of pellets–iron carbon agglomerates mixture	4
The production of large blast furnaces of China in 2018 and thoughts of intelligent manufacturing in the ironmaking process	4
Energy balance between multiple supersonic jets and molten bath in BOF steelmaking	4
Numerical modelling and experimental casting of 17%Mn–4%Al–3%Si–0.45%C wt-% TWIP steel via the horizontal single belt casting (HSBC) process	4
A new approach to inclusion removal using fine gas bubbles during IF steel production	4
Relationship between interaction under non-load condition and softening & melting behaviour of typical blast furnace feed	4
Experimental investigation of heat transfer characteristics during water jet impingement cooling of a high-temperature steel surface	4
An image analysis-based method for automatic data extraction from pilot draining experiments	4
Prediction of the cohesive zone in a blast furnace by integrating CFD and SVM modelling	4
Slag formation path in converter smelting process of semi-steel containing chromium	4
Electrode manufacture for the remelting processes	4
A visual detection method for PCI blockage and coke size distribution in tuyere raceway	3
Effect of acidity coefficient on crystallization behaviour of modified blast furnace slag	3
New phenomenological quality criteria for continuous casting of steel based on solidification and microstructure tool IDS	3
Investigate the oxidation induration mechanism of manganese-bearing magnetite concentrate pellets	3
Fluid flow, solidification and solute transport in billet continuous casting with different stirrer positions	3
Experimental research on spray characteristics and heat transfer of cast-rolled strip subjected to impinging air-atomized cooling	3
Effect of retained austenite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled medium-manganese Q&P steel	3
Slopping index for LD converters based on sound and image data fusion by fuzzy Kalman filter	3
Effect of zircon addition on the sintering of chromite-based ladle filler sands	3
Precipitation behaviour of phosphorus in high strength IF steel during laminar cooling	3
Effect of impellers on particle mixing behaviour in KR desulphurization process	3
Desulphurisation with dispersed in-situ phases induced by composite ball explosive reaction during ultra-low carbon steel production in RH degasser	3
Numerical investigation of incremental forming process of AISI 304 stainless steel	3
Influence of heat flux different between wide and narrow face in continuous casting mould on unevenness of hypo-peritectic steel solidification at off-corner	3
Simulation of the flow, temperature, and concentration fields in the reactor of the HIsmelt process	3
Thermodynamic activity of FeO in CaO–SiO2–MnO–FeO–MgO molten slags	3
Dynamic recrystallisation and constitutive equation in hot deformed AISI H10 tool steel	3
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	3
Application and assessment of aluminium deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel using various formalisms based on some statistical thermodynamic models	3
Evolution behaviour and modification mechanism of inclusions in NM500 wear-resistant steel with calcium treatment	3
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	3
Slag parameters and sulphur partition in blast furnace hearth: Ukrainian case and international comparison	3
Novel method for real-time burden profile measurement at blast furnace	3
Abnormality monitoring and causality analysis based on KF-PDC and IACE in blast furnace ironmaking process	3
Effect of degree of burden mixing on the permeability of ferrous burden layers in the cohesive zone	3
Morphology transition of eutectic carbide assisted by thermoelectric magnetic force during the directional solidification of M2 high-speed steel	3
Influence of various counter-bodies on the sliding friction and wear response of M50 steel	3
Heat transfer in ESR slags	3
In-situ study of microstructures and sulphides and machinability of Bi-bearing free-cutting steels	3
Supersonic jet characteristics of two parameter oxygen lance nozzle	3
Critical analysis of variable atmosphere gaseous reduction of iron oxides pellets	3
Numerical simulation on the centre macrosegregation during Billet continuous casting with the soft reduction	3
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	3
Modelling the effect of sinter machine speed on bed temperature and coke combustion characteristics in iron ore sintering process	3
Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel	3
Study on the formation mechanism of clogging layer of rare earth microalloyed Q355 steel’s submerged entry nozzle and process optimization	3
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	3
Response analysis of a continuously-cast billet under the impact vibration of the solidification end	3

Quality and productivity enhancement of sintering process using correlation-based online permeability by infrared-based flow measurement technique	3
Evolution of inclusions with cerium addition and effects of C-containing rare earth inclusions on the toughness of ultra-high-strength structural steel	3
Effect of Mg, La and Ca addition order on inclusions and microstructure of Ti-bearing C–Mn steel	2
Hot metal dephosphorization process using calcium ferrite slag without fluorite	2
Comments on oxide inclusion formation/removal in the ESR process	2
Numerical simulation of slag entrapment process during the end of casting in tundish	2
How the skin-pass rolling reduction ratio affects the strain aging behaviour of low-carbon steel sheets	2
Modification of MnS inclusion with trace tellurium to improve the machinability of medium-carbon low-sulfur steel	2
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	2
Effect of nitrogen and tempering temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0Cr15Ni6Mo2 martensitic stainless steel	2
Effect of Li2O on rheological properties, structure, and crystallization of mould flux for high-speed thin-slab continuous casting	2
Phosphorus diffusion at the interface between 2CaO·SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag	2
Thermo-kinetics, mass and heat balance in an energy optimizing furnace for primary steel making	2
Effect of coaxial oxygen enrichment on three different coals and their blends	2
Model and application of hearth activity in a commercial blast furnace	2
Ferrous burden behaviour under nut coke mixed charge conditions	2
Causality analysis and prediction of blast furnace state based on convergence cross mapping	2
Evolution mechanism of Ca-containing inclusions in 20Mn23AlV high-manganese non-magnetic steel during the refining process	2
Effect of the charging sequence of iron-bearing burden on burden distribution during the charging process of blast furnace based on discrete element method	2
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate	2
Development of an industrial ferritic rolling process for IF grade steel	2
A numerical and experimental study on the hold-edge conditions and hole-expansion ratio of hole-blanking and hole-expansion tests for ferrite bainite steel (FB590) sheets	2
Effect of Ca on the evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite in Ti–Mg killed EH36 steel	2
Simulation and application of post-combustion oxygen lance in a top-blown converter	2
Numerical simulation and suppression method of inclined wave defects in strip cold rolling	2
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	2
Effect of cooling uniformity on the internal reduction efficiency of a slab	2
Effect of heat treatment process on precipitation of V microalloyed steel	2
Dynamic analysis of blockage behavior of fine particles in a packed bed by discrete element method	2
Effects of fine blanking process on cutting surfaces of high-strength DP600 and DP800 sheets	2
Recent advances in inclusions and central segregation control technology in tyre cord steel and saw wire steel	2
Influence of the heat treatment on the quantitative features of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel sheets	2
Influence of auto-tempering on mechanical properties and microstructure of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel by discontinuous cooling process	2
Comparison of a laboratory-scale coke and a pilot-scale coke from matched coal	2
Influence of TiO2 on the viscosity of the molten slag and the confirmation of the acid–base property on TiO2	2
Effect of powder injection rate on the flow field of coherent lime powder injection (C-LPI) for EAF steelmaking	2
Study on the effect of mould alternate stirring on the internal quality of the round billet	2
Numerical simulation on inclusion removal behaviours in refining processes of spring steel	2
Measurement model of molten steel flow velocity in the continuous casting mould based on the Seebeck principle	2
Effect of strip profile of hot-rolled silicon steel on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip	2
CFD modelling of steel desulfurisation in a gas-stirred ladle	2
A hybrid approach using multiple linear regression and random forest regression to predict molten steel temperature in a continuous casting tundish	2
Effect of original microstructure on wear property of ER9 wheel steel	2
Effect of pulverized coal residues on the blast furnace streaming conditions	2
Effect of the inclusion features on mechanical properties of steel	2
Preparation of coke from biomass char modified by vapour deposition of tar generated during pyrolysis of woody biomass	2
Influence of prior microstructure on the mechanical and microstructural properties of C–Mn–B steel after spheroidizing annealing	2
Investigation on the precipitation and corrosion behaviour of 19% Cr economical duplex stainless steel with Mn addition by aging at 800°C	2
In situ observations of isothermal cuspidine crystallization in molten mould fluxes with varying basicity	2
Value in use of lime in BOF steelmaking process	2
Effect of titanium on the discontinuous growth of as-cast coarse columnar γ grain of peritectic carbon steel	2
Evolution behaviour of interfacial structure between quicklime and converter slag: slag-forming route based on FetO component	2
Influence of top gas recycling technology on operation parameters and CO2 emission of COREX process	1
Design and analysis of a suction mechanism for the vacuum degassing process	1
Effect of magnetic alternate stirring on solidification structure of the round billet	1
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	1
Prediction of SO 2 and NO x in sintering flue gas based on PSO-BP neural network model	1
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	1
Ultrasonic guided wave technique for the detection of extremely shallow corrosion defects in tie rods of coke oven batteries	1
Mathematical modelling of the liquid/liquid mass transfer behaviour in gas stirred ladles	1
Sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2-FetO slag with high titanium and high FeO content based on HIsmelt process	1
Phase transition mechanism of high-silica fluxed pellets during consolidation	1
Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	1
Research on twin-roll strip cast-rolling based on a new sectional roll surface heat transfer boundary condition	1
Revealing the morphology evolution and distribution of manganese sulphide in the 38MnS6 steel during continuous casting	1
Microstructure and wear mechanism of high-strength steels for concrete mixing drum coiled at different temperatures	1
Influence of different central nozzle diameters and powder injection rates on carbon powder mixed injection with shrouding supersonic oxygen jet (CMISSO) lance	1
Microsegregation and solidification characteristics of an advanced high strength steel – part II: experimental validation	1
Effect of CO–CO2 and H2–H2O on the reduction degree of fluxed pellets: reduction mechanism within hydrogen-rich blast furnace	1
Preset model of bending force in 6-high universal crown tandem cold rolling mill based on symbolic regression	1
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	1
Role of Nb-bearing inhibitors in grain-oriented silicon steel manufactured by low-temperature slab reheating process	1
Mathematical modelling of novel combined stirring method during the final stage of ladle refining	1
Effect of the wear of supersonic oxygen lance on the stirring characteristics and metallurgical effects in the converter steelmaking process	1
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	1
Individual and combined effect of operating and geometric parameters on combustion behaviour of low and high volatile coals	1
Morphology and crystallography of microstructures in Mg-deoxidized offshore engineering steels after simulated welding thermal cycles	1
Desulphurisation behaviour of blast furnace slag with high Al2O3 content at 1823 K	1
A novel method for online bulk density measurement in stamped charging machine using force sensors	1
Utilization of micro-fines in sinter making and its implications on bed permeability and sinter quality	1
Effect of slag basicity and reduction time on carbothermal reduction behaviour of P-bearing steelmaking slag	1
Hot deformation behaviour of microstructural evolution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel during high-temperature straining	1
Effect of Zr addition on toughness in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-titanium low-alloy steels	1
An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	1
Observation of the reactions between iron ore and metallurgical fluxes for the alternative ironmaking HIsarna process	1
Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter	1
Long-time strain aging responses of commercial dual-phase steels at room temperature	1
Basic research on the coherent jet with hydrogen as the surrounding gas	1
XDEM study of burden distribution in iron ore pellet firing	1
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	1
Water modelling on particle dispersion during KR desulphurization process	1
Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study	1
Development of softening and melting testing conditions simulating blast furnace operation with hydrogen injection	1
Effect of solidification end impact vibration on the internal quality of a continuous casting billet	1
Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition	1