OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Computer Law & Security Review is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-11-01 to 2024-11-01.)

Article	Citations
Why fairness cannot be automated: Bridging the gap between EU non-discrimination law and AI	123
Cybersecurity, safety and robots: Strengthening the link between cybersecurity and safety in the context of care robots	50
Who is the fairest of them all? Public attitudes and expectations regarding automated decision-making	47
China's central bank digital currency and its impacts on monetary policy and payment competition: Game changer or regulatory toolkit?	40
The flaws of policies requiring human oversight of government algorithms	39
Eu search for regulatory answers to crypto assets and their place in the financial markets’ infrastructure	32
A European Agency for Artificial Intelligence: Protecting fundamental rights and ethical values	29
An evidence-based methodology for human rights impact assessment (HRIA) in the development of AI data-intensive systems	28
Legal aspects of data cleansing in medical AI	28
Regulating AI. A label to complete the proposed Act on Artificial Intelligence	25
Deepfakes: regulatory challenges for the synthetic society	24
The digital tokenization of property rights. A comparative perspective	24
New digital rights: Imagining additional fundamental rights for the digital era	23
Taming the few: Platform regulation, independent audits, and the risks of capture created by the DMA and DSA	21
The regulatory framework for the protection of critical infrastructures against cyberthreats: Identifying shortcomings and addressing future challenges: The case of the health sector in particular	21
Using sensitive data to prevent discrimination by artificial intelligence: Does the GDPR need a new exception?	19
Law and policy of platform economy in China	19
Digital evidence: Unaddressed threats to fairness and the presumption of innocence	19
Prohibited artificial intelligence practices in the proposed EU artificial intelligence act (AIA)	19
Constructing a mutually supportive interface between ethics and regulation	19
The impact of the general data protection regulation on innovation and the global political economy	18
The platformisation of digital payments: The fabrication of consumer interest in the EU FinTech agenda	18
AI research and data protection: Can the same rules apply for commercial and academic research under the GDPR?	17
Accounting for diversity in AI for medicine	17
Exploring data protection challenges of automated driving	17

Artificial intelligence as a service: Legal responsibilities, liabilities, and policy challenges	16
Cybersecurity as praxis and as a state: The EU law path towards acknowledgement of a new right to cybersecurity?	16
An end to shadow banning? Transparency rights in the Digital Services Act between content moderation and curation	16
Legal technology in contemporary USA and China	16
The right to encryption: Privacy as preventing unlawful access	15
The European AI liability directives – Critique of a half-hearted approach and lessons for the future	15
The ‘Ethification’ of ICT Governance. Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection in the European Union	14
In defense of offense: information security research under the right to science	14
Can Online Courts Promote Access to Justice? A Case Study of the Internet Courts in China	14
Transparency of machine-learning in healthcare: The GDPR & European health law	14
The ‘Strasbourg Effect’ on data protection in light of the ‘Brussels Effect’: Logic, mechanics and prospects	13
Incentivizing the sharing of healthcare data in the AI Era	13
Legal perspective on possible fairness measures – A legal discussion using the example of hiring decisions	13
Promises and limits of law for a human-centric artificial intelligence	12
Human-centric data protection laws and policies: A lesson from Japan	12
Smart contracts vs incomplete contracts: A transaction cost economics viewpoint	12
Smartphone platforms as privacy regulators	12
Diffusion of the Budapest Convention on cybercrime and the development of cybercrime legislation in Pacific Island countries: ‘Law on the books’ vs ‘law in action’	12
Towards a privacy impact assessment methodology to support the requirements of the general data protection regulation in a big data analytics context: A systematic literature review	12
The law and economics of AI liability	12
Governing ghostbots	11
China's self-driving car legislation study	11
THE liability for cybersecurity breaches of connected and autonomous vehicles	10
Defence against the dark artefacts: Smart home cybercrimes and cybersecurity standards	10
Digital evidence in fog computing systems	10
From social netizens to data citizens: Variations of GDPR awareness in 28 European countries	10
Crossing the Rubicon? The implications of RCEP on anti‐monopoly enforcement on dominant E‐commerce platforms in China	10
Licensing high-risk artificial intelligence: Toward ex ante justification for a disruptive technology	10
The future of data protection: Gold standard vs. global standard	10
Council of Europe convention 108+: A modernised international treaty for the protection of personal data	9
Trilemma and tripartition: The regulatory paradigms of cross-border personal data transfer in the EU, the U.S. and China	9
How platforms govern users’ copyright-protected content: Exploring the power of private ordering and its implications	9
Mapping the development of China's data protection law: Major actors, core values, and shifting power relations	9
Originality and the future of copyright in an age of generative AI	9
The legal construction of personal information protection and privacy under the Chinese Civil Code	8
“Schrems II”: The return of the Privacy Shield	8
Explainable AI and the philosophy and practice of explanation	8
How to understand China's approach to central bank digital currency?	8
Struggling to strike the right balance between interests at stake: The ‘Yarovaya’, ‘Fake news’ and ‘Disrespect’ laws as examples of ill-conceived legislation in the age of modern technology	8
AI trading and the limits of EU law enforcement in deterring market manipulation	8
Education for the provision of technologically enhanced legal services	8
A survey of Network Neutrality regulations worldwide	8
Education in a datafied world: Balancing children's rights and school's responsibilities in the age of Covid 19	8
Copyright protection for AI-generated outputs: The experience from China	7
GDPR-compliant AI-based automated decision-making in the world of work	7
An analysis of cybersecurity in Dutch annual reports of listed companies	7
Hidden depths: The effects of extrinsic data collection on consumer insurance contracts	7
Processing of botnet tracking data under the GDPR	7
Three pathways for standardisation and ethical disclosure by default under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act	7
Exclusivity and paternalism in the public governance of explainable AI	7

Fine-tuning GPT-3 for legal rule classification	7
Financial Intelligence Units: Reflections on the applicable data protection legal framework	6
Internet service providers as law enforcers and adjudicators. A public role of private actors	6
Can legitimate interest be an appropriate lawful basis for processing Artificial Intelligence training datasets?	6
Internet court's challenges and future in China	6
Research on the dilemma and improvement of legal regulation for unfair competition related to corporate data in China	6
Machines that make and keep promises - Lessons for contract automation from algorithmic trading on financial markets	6
Beyond financial regulation of crypto-asset wallet software: In search of secondary liability	6
On mapping values in AI Governance	6
Taming digital gatekeepers: the ‘more regulatory approach’ to antitrust law	6
Decision-making by machines: Is the ‘Law of Everything’ enough?	6
Understanding the rule of prevalence in the NIS directive: C-ITS as a case study	6
A qualitative investigation of company perspectives on online price discrimination	6
Effective data protection by design through interdisciplinary research methods: The example of effective purpose specification by applying user-Centred UX-design methods	6
Electronic personhood for artificial intelligence in the workplace	6
Reviewable Automated Decision-Making	6
Export control of cybersurveillance items in the new dual-use regulation: The challenges of applying human rights logic to export control	5
Security assessment of suppliers of telecommunications infrastructure for the provision of services in 5G technology	5
Legal evaluation of the attacks caused by artificial intelligence-based lethal weapon systems within the context of Rome statute	5
International and regional commitments in African data privacy laws: A comparative analysis	5
Data protection law beyond identifiability? Atmospheric profiles, nudging and the Stratumseind Living Lab	5
Representing legislative Rules as Code: Reducing the problems of ‘scaling up’	5
The uncertain future of data retention laws in the EU: Is a legislative reset possible?	5
The right to a fair trial as a conceptual framework for digital evidence rules in criminal investigations	5
NFTs and the virtual yet concrete art of money laundering	5
Artificial intelligence in the work process. A reflection on the proposed European Union regulations on artificial intelligence from an occupational health and safety perspective	5
Tying and bundling by online platforms – Distinguishing between lawful expansion strategies and anti-competitive practices	5
The right of access in automated decision-making: The scope of article 15(1)(h) GDPR in theory and practice	5
Financial instruments entail liabilities: Ether, bitcoin, and litecoin do not	5
A preliminary study on artificial intelligence oracles and smart contracts: A legal approach to the interaction of two novel technological breakthroughs	5
Shifting the digital paradigm: Towards a sui generis competition policy	4
Affinity-based algorithmic pricing: A dilemma for EU data protection law	4
The future of international data transfers: Managing legal risk with a ‘user-held’ data model	4
Cybersecurity, European digital sovereignty and the 5G rollout crisis	4
The two judgments of the European Court of Justice in the four cases of Privacy International, La Quadrature du Net and Others, French Data Network and Others and Ordre des Barreaux francophones et ge	4
Priceless data: why the EU fundamental right to data protection is at odds with trade in personal data	4
Profiling and (automated) decision-making under the GDPR: A two-step approach	4
When data protection norms meet digital health technology: China's regulatory approaches to health data protection	4
Regulating data intermediaries: The impact of the Data Governance Act on the EU's data economy	4
Laws of encryption: An emerging legal framework	4
‘Private jurisprudence’ and the right to be forgotten balancing test	4
Cybersecurity in the EU: How the NIS2-directive stacks up against its predecessor	4
South Africa's PNR regime: Privacy and data protection	4
The thin red line: Refocusing data protection law on ADM, a global perspective with lessons from case-law	4
Framing Big Data in the Council of Europe and the EU data protection law systems: Adding ‘should’ to ‘must’ via soft law to address more than only individual harms	4
Building a better mobile app marketplace: A legal and governance toolkit for app mediated genomics research	4
AI regulation in Brazil: Advancements, flows, and need to learn from the data protection experience	4
The role of private and public regulation in the case study of crypto-assets: The Italian move towards participatory regulation	4
Towards a right to repair for the Internet of Things: A review of legal and policy aspects	4