Electoral Studies

Article	Citations
Affective polarization in multiparty systems	214
Chapel Hill Expert Survey trend file, 1999–2019	187
Fragmented foes: Affective polarization in the multiparty context of the Netherlands	71
Affective polarization and the salience of elections	61
Ticking all the boxes? A comparative study of social sorting and affective polarization	40
Do young voters vote for young leaders?	35
Affective blocs: Understanding affective polarization in multiparty systems	33
Does university make you more liberal? Estimating the within-individual effects of higher education on political values	31
Less is more: The paradox of choice in voting behavior	26
The 2020 presidential election and beliefs about fraud: Continuity or change?	26
Modeling ideological polarization in democratic party systems	23
Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms	23
Populist parties in European Parliament elections: A new dataset on left, right and valence populism from 1979 to 2019	22
Winning cures everything? Beliefs about voter fraud, voter confidence, and the 2016 election	22
Does E-Voting matter for turnout, and to whom?	21
Validating the feeling thermometer as a measure of partisan affect in multi-party systems	21
Policy congruence and its impact on satisfaction with democracy	20
Context matters: Economics, politics and satisfaction with democracy	18
Negative personalization and voting behavior in 14 parliamentary democracies, 1961–2018	17
From opinions to policies: Examining the links between citizens, representatives, and policy change	17
The downstream consequences of long waits: How lines at the precinct depress future turnout	17
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system	16
Partisanship & nationalization in American elections: Evidence from presidential, senatorial, & gubernatorial elections in the U.S. counties, 1872–2020	15
Vote choices of left-authoritarians: Misperceived congruence and issue salience	15
Young trendsetters: How young voters fuel electoral volatility	15

Is small beautiful? Transitional and structural effects of municipal amalgamation on voter turnout in local and national elections	15
Generational replacement and Green party support in Western Europe	14
Do populist parties support referendums? A comparative analysis of election manifestos in Europe	14
What explains the dynamics of citizens’ satisfaction with democracy? An integrated framework for panel data	13
Candidate and party affective polarization in U.S. presidential elections: The person-negativity bias?	13
Election turnout in authoritarian regimes	13
So thin it’s almost invisible: Populist attitudes and voting behavior in Brazil	13
All-mail voting in Colorado increases turnout and reduces turnout inequality	12
Democratic Electoral Systems around the world, 1946–2020	12
Issue ownership and salience shocks: The electoral impact of Australian bushfires	12
Does party polarization mobilize or de-mobilize voters? The answer depends on where voters stand	11
The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark	11
Sexism predicts favorability of women in the 2020 democratic primary… and men?	11
Multiple meanings? The link between partisanship and definitions of voter fraud	11
The Europeanization of national elections. The role of country characteristics in shaping EU issue voting	11
The Israel Polarization Panel Dataset, 2019–2021	10
German gays go green? Voting behaviour of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals in the 2021 German federal election	10
The motivated electorate: Voter uncertainty, motivated reasoning, and ideological congruence to parties	10
Why some places don’t seem to matter: Socioeconomic, cultural and political determinants of place resentment	10
Candidate sex, corruption and vote choice	10
An unjustified bad reputation? The Dark Triad and support for populism	10
Polarization, candidate positioning, and political participation in the U.S.	10
The political budget cycle across varying degrees of democracy	10
Age and vote choice: Is there a conservative shift among older voters?	10
The electoral consequences of anti-Muslim prejudice	9
There's (rarely) a new sheriff in town: The incumbency advantage for local law enforcement	9
How do voters perceive ideological congruence? The effects of winning and losing under different electoral rules	9
Gender differences in the impact of electoral victory on satisfaction with democracy	9
Communicating safety precautions can help maintain in-person voter turnout during a pandemic	9
Linking two levels of governance: Citizens’ trust in domestic and European institutions over time	9
Norms and rage: Gender and social media in the 2018 U.S. mid-term elections	9
Don't call me a populist! The meaning of populism for western European parties and politicians	9
Electoral impacts of a failed uprising: Evidence from Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement	8
Young adults' under-representation in elections to the U.S. House of Representatives	8
Camps, not just parties. The dynamic foundations of affective polarization in multi-party systems	8
Do referendum results change norm perceptions and personal opinions?	8
Do technocrats boost the acceptance of policy proposals among the citizenry? Evidence from a survey experiment in Italy	8
One for me and one for you? The spillover effect of heads of lists on the presence and success of candidates of immigrant origin	8
Who has room for error? The effects of political scandal for minority candidates	8
Participation in the administration of elections and perceptions of electoral integrity	8
The politicisation of climate change attitudes in Europe	8
Ideological identity, issue-based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems: The cases of Argentina, Chile, Italy, Portugal and Spain	8
The Downsian roots of affective polarization	7
Do mayors matter? Reverse coattails on congressional elections in Brazil	7
Is compulsory voting habit-forming? Regression discontinuity evidence from Brazil	7
A global perspective on party organizations. Validating the Varieties of Party Identity and Organization Dataset (V-Party)	7
Policy or person? What voters want from their representatives on Twitter	7
Technocratic attitudes and voting behaviour ten years after the Eurozone crisis: Evidence from the 2019 EP elections	7
Did you see it coming? Explaining the accuracy of voter expectations for district and (sub)national election outcomes in multi-party systems	7
Vote with your rabbi: The electoral effects of religious institutions in Israel	7

Too tired to vote: A multi-national comparison of election turnout with sleep preferences and behaviors	7
Education and voter turnout revisited: Evidence from a Swedish twin sample with validated turnout data	6
The local party voter: A localist anti-establishment voter?	6
Do politicians’ answers to voting advice applications reflect their sincere beliefs? Comparing publicly and confidentially stated ideological positions in a candidate-centred electoral context	6
Negative partisanship among Independents in the 2020 U.S. presidential elections	6
Broad-appeal agendas: Issue diversity and the centre-right's electoral success	6
Rejecting representation? Party systems and popular support for referendums in Europe	6
Polarisation, identity and affect - conceptualising affective polarisation in multi-party systems	6
Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014–19)	6
Voter perceptions of parties’ left–right positions: The role of party strategies	6
Negative voting and party polarization: A classic tragedy	6
Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus	6
When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out	6
Voter reaction to legislator dissent across political systems	6
Creating critical citizens? Anti-austerity protests and public opinion	6
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in a polarized political system: Lessons from the 2020 election	6
Capturing vote-seeking incentives and the cultivation of a personal and party vote	6
Election type and the logic of pre-election violence: Evidence from Zimbabwe	5
The comparative effectiveness of populist rhetoric in generating online engagement	5
Emigrant external voting in Central-Eastern Europe after EU enlargement	5
Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces	5
Attitudes toward competing voting-right requirements: Evidence from a conjoint experiment	5
Measuring and explaining the complexity of left-right perceptions of political parties	5
Electoral incentives and elite racial identification: Why Brazilian politicians change their race	5
Malapportionment in space and time: Decompose it!	5
The glitterati government? Amateur celebrity candidates in American elections, 1928–2018	5
Economic conditions and populist radical right voting: The role of issue salience	5
Parties as pay-off seekers: Pre-electoral coalitions in a patronage democracy	5
Stability and change in party preferences: Evidence from Latin America	5
Fight not flight: The effects of explicit racism on minority political engagement	5
Mind the gap(s): Winning, losing, and perceptions of electoral integrity in mixed-member proportional systems	5
Dynamic party system fragmentation	5
Why do central states accept holding independence referendums? Analyzing the role of state peripheries	5
The incumbency advantage in second-order PR elections: Evidence from the Irish context, 1942–2019	5
The Europeanisation of political involvement: Examining the role of individual transnationalism	5
When does inequality demobilize? New evidence from the American states	5
Are elite cues necessary to drive the “Winner Effect” on trust in elections?	5
Support for a populist form of democratic politics or political discontent? How conceptions of democracy relate to support for the AfD	4
Parties’ voter targeting strategies: What can facebook ads tell us?	4
Elections, competition, and constituent evaluations of U.S. senators	4
Racial attitudes & political cross-pressures in nationalized elections: The case of the Republican coalition in the Trump era	4
When populists win: How right-wing populism affects democratic satisfaction in the U.K. and Germany	4
Socialised to think in terms of left and right? The acceptability of the left and the right among European voters	4
Overlapping polarization: On the contextual determinants of the interplay between ideological and affective polarization	4
Model based clustering of political finance regimes: Developing the regulation of political finance indicator	4
The political phenotype of the disgust sensitive: Correlates of a new abbreviated measure of disgust sensitivity	4
Shoring up power: Electoral reform and the consolidation of authoritarian rule	4
Electoral incentives and distributive politics in young democracies: Evidence from Chile	4
Coalition incentives and party bias in Chile	4
Mobilizing party activism: A field experiment with party members and sympathizers	4
America's first voter identification laws: The effects of personal registration and declining political party competition on presidential election turnout, 1880–1916	4
How to estimate the policy preferences of party supporters: Disaggregating data from voting advice applications versus modeling survey responses	4
Who pays for crime? Criminal violence, right-wing incumbents, and electoral accountability in Latin America	4
Retrospective pledge voting and mistrusting citizens: Evidence for the electoral punishment of pledge breakage from a survey experiment	4
When the US far-right sneezes, the European far-right catches a cold. Quasi-experimental evidence of electoral contagion from Spain	4
Personalized politics: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics	4
Elite communication and affective polarization among voters	4
Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements	4
What shapes voter expectations of Muslim politicians’ views on homosexuality: stereotyping or projection?	4
An experimental investigation of voter myopia in economic evaluations	3
Cohorts and neighbors: Urban-rural conflict along the age gradient	3
Applying behavioural science to the annual electoral canvass in England: Evidence from a large-scale randomised controlled trial	3
Electoral risk and vote buying, introducing prospect theory to the experimental study of clientelism	3
Electoral outcomes and satisfaction with democracy: A comparison of regional and national elections	3
Why Geographically-Targeted Spending Under Closed-List Proportional Representation Favors Marginal Districts	3
Public support for electoral reform: The role of electoral system experience	3
Do text messages increase voter registration? Evidence from RCTs with a local authority and an advocacy organisation in the UK	3
Candidate sex, partisanship and electoral context in Australia	3
The effects of local campaigning in Great Britain	3
Why do LGB vote left? Insight into left-wing voting of lesbian, gay and bisexual citizens in Austria	3
Evaluations of candidates’ non-policy characteristics from issue positions: Evidence of valence spillover	3
Permissive electoral systems and descriptive representation	3
When polarised feelings towards parties spread to voters: The role of ideological distance and social sorting in Spain	3
Cross-pressures and the European lavender vote: Testing the conditionality of the sexuality gap	3
Is there a friends-and-neighbors effect for party leaders?	3
Spatial voting in non-partisan cities: A case study	3
Membership vote for party leadership changes: Electoral effects and the causal mechanisms behind	3
Multi-level muddling: Candidate strategies to “nationalize” local elections	3
Compulsory voting, turnout, and support for left-wing parties: The case of Australia	3
Estimating the unintended participation penalty under top-two primaries with a discontinuity design	3

Subverted expectations and social democratic austerity: How voters’ reactions to policies are conditional on the policy-implementing actor	3
From election day to presidential approval: Partisanship and the honeymoon period in Mexico	3
Do more flexible lists increase the take-up of preference voting?	3
Do actions speak louder than words? Evidence on voter behavior from Madrid Rio Park	3
Unpacking second-order elections theory: The effects of ideological extremity on voting in European elections	3
Depression and the gender gap in political interest	3
Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections	3
Revisiting the Lavender Vote	3
Won't You Be My Senator? Nuanced “Friends and Neighbors” Voting in U.S. Senate Elections, 1968–2018	3
Generational change in party support in Germany: The decline of the Volksparteien, the rise of the Greens, and the transformation of the education divide	3
What accounts for Duverger's law? The behavioral mechanisms underpinning two-party convergence in India	3
The effect of televised candidate debates on the support for political parties	3
Does it matter whether people will know that I did not vote? The role of social norms and visibility	3
Conditions of proximity and directional voting: Voter sophistication, political information, and party identification	2
The normalization of intolerance: The 2019 presidential election in Indonesia	2
Survival of the fittest. Comparing entry and exit among niche and mainstream parties in advanced democracies, 1945–2011	2
Walking the line: Electoral cycles and the shift in legislative priorities among German parliamentarians	2
Electoral management and vote-buying	2
The effects of election polls in Mexico's 2018 presidential campaign	2
The partisan heuristic and the voters’ knowledge: The essential role of the information environment	2
Policy conflict between political elites shapes mass environmental beliefs	2
Not-so-strategic voters	2
Fairness beyond the ballot: A comparative analysis of failures of electoral integrity, perceptions of electoral fairness, and attitudes towards democracy across 18 countries	2
Hidden in plain sight? Irregularities on statutory forms and electoral fraud	2
From local elections to appointments: How has municipal reform changed vote delivery in Russian municipalities?	2
Values and candidate evaluation: How voters respond to allegations of sexual harassment	2
Do competitive districts get more political attention? Strategic use of geographic representation during campaign and non-campaign periods	2
Promoting ethnic equality in campaign messages: Survey experimental evidence from Nairobi, Kenya	2
Caught in the middle? How voters react to spatial indifference	2
Do party leadership contests forecast British general elections?	2
Boxholm tea party: Taxation and voter turnout in a mature democracy	2
Making them pay: Using the norm of honesty to generate costs for political lies	2
Policy signals and strategic voting for minor parties: Evidence from Germany	2
Voters’ evaluation of (contra-)prototypical political candidates. An experimental test of the interaction of candidate gender and policy positions cues in Flanders (Belgium)	2
Like parent, like child: The impact of parental socialisation on class identity and partisanship	2
The nature and impact of emotional content in congressional candidate emails to supporters	2
Closing the gap? The populist radical right and opinion congruence between citizens and MPs	2
Which candidates benefit from social media? An analysis of the 2021 German federal election	2
Party system polarization and the effective number of parties	2
Is electoral intraparty competition more intense in urban areas?	2
The effect of economic downturns on voter turnout in Africa	2
Deepening the rift: Negative campaigning fosters affective polarization in multiparty elections	2
Balancing district and party seats: The arithmetic of mixed-member proportional electoral systems	2
Closing the information gap in competitive authoritarian regimes? The effect of voting advice applications	2
Perceptions of extremism among the American public and elected officials	2
Place-based identities and cleavage formation in the knowledge society	2
Research note: Office participation and the dissipating populism-distrust connection	2
War, democratization, and generational cohort effects on participation in Japan	2
More ‘Europe’, less Democracy? European integration does not erode satisfaction with democracy	2
Are women election averse?	2
A justified bad reputation after all? Dark personality traits and populist attitudes in comparative perspective	2
Does economic inequality undermine political equality? Testing two common assumptions	2
When are parties punished for serving in a coalition government?	2
Momentum in the polls raises electoral expectations	2
Look to Denmark or not? An experimental study of the Social Democrats’ strategic choices	2
Socialized with "old cleavages" or "new dimensions": An Age-Period-Cohort analysis on electoral support in Western European multiparty systems (1949–2021)	2
Ideological proximity, issue importance, and vote choice	2
Attention! The meanings of attention to politics in surveys	2
Does public broadcasting increase voter turnout? Evidence from the roll out of BBC radio in the 1920s	2
Judicial resistance during electoral disputes: Evidence from Kenya	2
Does populist voting rise where representative democracy is systemically failing?	2
Reverse mortgages and aircraft parts: The arcane referendum and the limits of citizen competence	2
Selective abstention in simultaneous elections: Understanding the turnout gap	2
Ballot position and election results: New evidence from a natural experiment	2
Information, perceptions, and electoral behaviour of young voters: A randomised controlled experiment	2
Economic voting in multi-level contexts: Evidence from Kerala and West Bengal in India	2
The limits of the attractiveness premium in elections	2
Citizen response to local service provision: Emerging democratic accountability in decentralized West Africa?	1
Issue substitution or volume expansion? How parties accommodate agenda change	1
CSES 25th anniversary special issue: An introduction	1
Still sacrificial lambs? Yes! Minority groups in Canadian federal elections, 2015–2021	1
Can wedge strategies by mainstream parties cross-cut the anti-immigration far right vote?	1
Prepaid postage using pre-stamped envelopes to affect turnout costs	1
“Do perceptions of EMU alter clarity of responsibility? A comparison of German and Greek electorates”	1
Who delivers the votes? Elected versus appointed local executives, election manipulation, and natural support for ruling parties	1
The use of adjustment weights in voter surveys. Correcting for panel attrition and nonresponse can produce less accurate estimates of voting behavior	1
Denigrating democracy: How electoral competition fuels xenophobia in Lebanon	1
Estimating relative prevalence of competing issue voting rules in multiparty elections using finite mixture modeling	1
Emotions and voting behavior in self-determination referendums: the case of New Caledonia in 2018	1
Elections and selfishness	1
Local racial context, campaign messaging, and public political behavior: A congressional campaign field experiment	1
Spatial and valence models of voting: The effects of the political context	1
Does the monetary cost of abstaining increase turnout? Causal evidence from Peru	1
Measuring ‘closeness’ in 3-candidate elections: Methodology and an application to strategic voting	1
Communicating in an eventful campaign: A case study of party press releases during the German federal election campaign 2021	1
Succession effects in presidential elections	1
Nomination and list placement of ethnic minorities under open-list proportional rules: The centrality of ethnopolitical context	1
Political polarization, voting and democratic representativeness: Too much or too little?	1
How does American public opinion react to overt anti-democratic behavior by politicians? Quasi-experimental evidence from the january 6 insurrection	1
Designing preference voting	1
Public opinion backlash in response to party messages: A case for party press releases	1
The European Union and political behaviour: The shadow of the Great Recession	1
Knowing your sources: Partisan media and voters’ perceptions of the economy	1
Psychological threat and turnout misreporting	1
Support for digitising the ballot box: A systematic review of i-voting pilots and a conjoint experiment	1