Electoral Studies

Article	Citations
Affective polarization in multiparty systems	160
Chapel Hill Expert Survey trend file, 1999–2019	144
Fragmented foes: Affective polarization in the multiparty context of the Netherlands	50
Affective polarization and the salience of elections	48
Ticking all the boxes? A comparative study of social sorting and affective polarization	38
When parties go abroad: Explaining patterns of extraterritorial voting	36
Support for radical parties in Western Europe: Structural conflicts and political dynamics	33
Do young voters vote for young leaders?	26
Affective blocs: Understanding affective polarization in multiparty systems	22
The death of conservative Ireland? The 2018 abortion referendum	20
The 2020 presidential election and beliefs about fraud: Continuity or change?	20
Does party rhetoric affect voter perceptions of party positions?	19
Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms	19
Less is more: The paradox of choice in voting behavior	19
Increased economic salience or blurring of responsibility? Economic voting during the Great Recession	19
Populist parties in European Parliament elections: A new dataset on left, right and valence populism from 1979 to 2019	18
Modeling ideological polarization in democratic party systems	18
Does E-Voting matter for turnout, and to whom?	18
Partisan in-group bias before and after elections	18
After Citizens United: How outside spending shapes American democracy	17
Policy congruence and its impact on satisfaction with democracy	16
Validating the feeling thermometer as a measure of partisan affect in multi-party systems	16
Does university make you more liberal? Estimating the within-individual effects of higher education on political values	15
Measuring youth and college student voter turnout	15
Negative personalization and voting behavior in 14 parliamentary democracies, 1961–2018	15

‘You Can't Always Get What You Want’: The effects of winning and losing in a referendum on citizens' referendum support	14
Social identity and coethnic voting in the Middle East: Experimental evidence from Qatar	14
Context matters: Economics, politics and satisfaction with democracy	13
Election turnout in authoritarian regimes	13
The downstream consequences of long waits: How lines at the precinct depress future turnout	13
Partisanship, media and the objective economy: Sources of individual-level economic assessments	13
What are we missing? Explaining immigrant-origin voter turnout with standard and immigrant-specific theories	13
From opinions to policies: Examining the links between citizens, representatives, and policy change	13
Winning cures everything? Beliefs about voter fraud, voter confidence, and the 2016 election	12
Is small beautiful? Transitional and structural effects of municipal amalgamation on voter turnout in local and national elections	12
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system	12
Vote choices of left-authoritarians: Misperceived congruence and issue salience	12
So thin it’s almost invisible: Populist attitudes and voting behavior in Brazil	11
Rainfall, population density and voter turnout	11
How do coalition signals shape voting behavior? Revealing the mediating role of coalition expectations	11
Is there cross-national evidence that voters prefer men as party leaders? No	10
Do populist parties support referendums? A comparative analysis of election manifestos in Europe	10
Ideological mavericks or party herd? The effect of candidates’ ideological positions on intra-party success	10
Young trendsetters: How young voters fuel electoral volatility	10
The Europeanization of national elections. The role of country characteristics in shaping EU issue voting	10
What explains the dynamics of citizens’ satisfaction with democracy? An integrated framework for panel data	10
Partisanship & nationalization in American elections: Evidence from presidential, senatorial, & gubernatorial elections in the U.S. counties, 1872–2020	10
Candidate and party affective polarization in U.S. presidential elections: The person-negativity bias?	10
When long-distance relationships don't work out: Representational distance and satisfaction with democracy in Europe	9
Random votes under compulsory voting: Evidence from Brazil	9
Generational replacement and Green party support in Western Europe	9
All-mail voting in Colorado increases turnout and reduces turnout inequality	9
The political budget cycle across varying degrees of democracy	9
Issue ownership and salience shocks: The electoral impact of Australian bushfires	9
The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark	9
Sexism predicts favorability of women in the 2020 democratic primary… and men?	9
Participation in the administration of elections and perceptions of electoral integrity	8
Linking two levels of governance: Citizens’ trust in domestic and European institutions over time	8
Does party polarization mobilize or de-mobilize voters? The answer depends on where voters stand	8
The motivated electorate: Voter uncertainty, motivated reasoning, and ideological congruence to parties	8
Polarization, candidate positioning, and political participation in the U.S.	8
Do female legislators benefit from incumbency advantage? Incumbent renomination in a flexible-list PR system	8
How do voters perceive ideological congruence? The effects of winning and losing under different electoral rules	8
Communicating safety precautions can help maintain in-person voter turnout during a pandemic	8
Is there such a thing as a Muslim vote?	7
Gender differences in the impact of electoral victory on satisfaction with democracy	7
Candidate sex, corruption and vote choice	7
The status stratification of radical right support: Reconsidering the occupational profile of UKIP’s electorate	7
What tips the scales? Disentangling the mechanisms underlying post-electoral gains and losses in democratic support	7
The electoral consequences of anti-Muslim prejudice	7
Was there a ‘Youthquake’ in the 2017 general election?	7
German gays go green? Voting behaviour of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals in the 2021 German federal election	7
Don't call me a populist! The meaning of populism for western European parties and politicians	7
Tremors but no Youthquake: Measuring changes in the age and turnout gradients at the 2015 and 2017 British general elections	7
Treated politicians, treated voters: A natural experiment on political budget cycles	7

There's (rarely) a new sheriff in town: The incumbency advantage for local law enforcement	7
The Israel Polarization Panel Dataset, 2019–2021	7
An unjustified bad reputation? The Dark Triad and support for populism	7
Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden	7
Is compulsory voting habit-forming? Regression discontinuity evidence from Brazil	7
Do referendum results change norm perceptions and personal opinions?	6
Broad-appeal agendas: Issue diversity and the centre-right's electoral success	6
On the measurement of social class and its role in shaping white vote choice in the 2016 U.S. presidential election	6
Why some places don’t seem to matter: Socioeconomic, cultural and political determinants of place resentment	6
One for me and one for you? The spillover effect of heads of lists on the presence and success of candidates of immigrant origin	6
Norms and rage: Gender and social media in the 2018 U.S. mid-term elections	6
Voter perceptions of parties’ left–right positions: The role of party strategies	6
Democratic Electoral Systems around the world, 1946–2020	6
Too tired to vote: A multi-national comparison of election turnout with sleep preferences and behaviors	6
Electoral impacts of a failed uprising: Evidence from Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement	6
The more the better? Cumulative issue ownership and intra-campaign party switching	6
Voter reaction to legislator dissent across political systems	6
Multiple meanings? The link between partisanship and definitions of voter fraud	6
Floating policy voters in the 2016 U.S. presidential election	6
Policy or person? What voters want from their representatives on Twitter	6
A global perspective on party organizations. Validating the Varieties of Party Identity and Organization Dataset (V-Party)	6
Education and voter turnout revisited: Evidence from a Swedish twin sample with validated turnout data	6
Who has room for error? The effects of political scandal for minority candidates	6
Nationally poor, locally rich: Income and local context in the 2016 presidential election	5
Echoes of a fading past: Authoritarian legacies and far-right voting	5
Ideological identity, issue-based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems: The cases of Argentina, Chile, Italy, Portugal and Spain	5
When does inequality demobilize? New evidence from the American states	5
Age and vote choice: Is there a conservative shift among older voters?	5
The Downsian roots of affective polarization	5
Rejecting representation? Party systems and popular support for referendums in Europe	5
Do politicians’ answers to voting advice applications reflect their sincere beliefs? Comparing publicly and confidentially stated ideological positions in a candidate-centred electoral context	5
The politicisation of climate change attitudes in Europe	5
Creating critical citizens? Anti-austerity protests and public opinion	5
Do mayors matter? Reverse coattails on congressional elections in Brazil	5
Vote with your rabbi: The electoral effects of religious institutions in Israel	5
Gender quotas and placement mandates in open and closed lists: Similar effects, different mechanisms	5
Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces	5
Parties as pay-off seekers: Pre-electoral coalitions in a patronage democracy	5
Did you see it coming? Explaining the accuracy of voter expectations for district and (sub)national election outcomes in multi-party systems	5
What is the impact of bilingual communication to mobilize Latinos? Exploratory evidence from experiments in New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia	5
Domestic migrants' responsiveness to electoral mobilization under authoritarianism: Evidence from China's grassroots elections	5
Electoral incentives and elite racial identification: Why Brazilian politicians change their race	5
Public campaign financing and the rise of radical-right parties	5
Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus	4
Polarisation, identity and affect - conceptualising affective polarisation in multi-party systems	4
Accountable or Untouchable? Electoral accountability in Romanian local elections	4
Inviting immigrants in: Field experiments in voter mobilization among immigrants in Norway	4
Attitudes toward competing voting-right requirements: Evidence from a conjoint experiment	4
Negative partisanship among Independents in the 2020 U.S. presidential elections	4
Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements	4
Mind the gap(s): Winning, losing, and perceptions of electoral integrity in mixed-member proportional systems	4
Capturing vote-seeking incentives and the cultivation of a personal and party vote	4
Proximity and directional voting: Testing for the region of acceptability	4
Protesting with the ballot: Diffusion of methods of electoral protest in Spain	4
The incumbency advantage in second-order PR elections: Evidence from the Irish context, 1942–2019	4
Nobody seems to be fully representing me: Differential inter-attitudinal cohesion systems and their effects on satisfaction with the political system	4
Stability and change in party preferences: Evidence from Latin America	4
Racial attitudes & political cross-pressures in nationalized elections: The case of the Republican coalition in the Trump era	4
Do technocrats boost the acceptance of policy proposals among the citizenry? Evidence from a survey experiment in Italy	4
Theoretically, yes, but also empirically? How the corruption-turnout link is marginally explained by civic duty to vote	4
Malapportionment in space and time: Decompose it!	4
Why do central states accept holding independence referendums? Analyzing the role of state peripheries	4
Young adults' under-representation in elections to the U.S. House of Representatives	4
Economic conditions and populist radical right voting: The role of issue salience	4
When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out	4
Cross-pressures and the European lavender vote: Testing the conditionality of the sexuality gap	4
Coalition incentives and party bias in Chile	4
Measuring and explaining the complexity of left-right perceptions of political parties	4
The comparative effectiveness of populist rhetoric in generating online engagement	4
Do parties perceive their voter potentials correctly? Reconsidering the spatial logic of electoral competition	4
Dynamic party system fragmentation	4
Permissive electoral systems and descriptive representation	3
Shoring up power: Electoral reform and the consolidation of authoritarian rule	3
Applying behavioural science to the annual electoral canvass in England: Evidence from a large-scale randomised controlled trial	3
Is there a friends-and-neighbors effect for party leaders?	3
Electoral incentives and distributive politics in young democracies: Evidence from Chile	3
Does poor health cause political passivity even in a Scandinavian welfare state? Investigating the impact of self-rated health using Swedish panel data	3
Membership vote for party leadership changes: Electoral effects and the causal mechanisms behind	3
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in a polarized political system: Lessons from the 2020 election	3
Socialised to think in terms of left and right? The acceptability of the left and the right among European voters	3

Be there or be square – The impact of participation and performance in the 2017 Dutch TV debates and its coverage on voting behaviour	3
Technocratic attitudes and voting behaviour ten years after the Eurozone crisis: Evidence from the 2019 EP elections	3
An experimental investigation of voter myopia in economic evaluations	3
Negative voting and party polarization: A classic tragedy	3
Elections, competition, and constituent evaluations of U.S. senators	3
Camps, not just parties. The dynamic foundations of affective polarization in multi-party systems	3
Campaign styles: Persistency in campaign resource allocation	3
The political phenotype of the disgust sensitive: Correlates of a new abbreviated measure of disgust sensitivity	3
The politics of vice-presidential selection in Latin America	3
Can parties recruit postal voters? Experimental evidence from Britain	3
Elite communication and affective polarization among voters	3
When populists win: How right-wing populism affects democratic satisfaction in the U.K. and Germany	3
The glitterati government? Amateur celebrity candidates in American elections, 1928–2018	3
Fight not flight: The effects of explicit racism on minority political engagement	3
Do more flexible lists increase the take-up of preference voting?	3
America's first voter identification laws: The effects of personal registration and declining political party competition on presidential election turnout, 1880–1916	3
Return migration, crime, and electoral engagement in Mexico	3
Support for a populist form of democratic politics or political discontent? How conceptions of democracy relate to support for the AfD	3
The Europeanisation of political involvement: Examining the role of individual transnationalism	3
Measuring the strength of voter turnout habits	3
Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections	3
Orchestrating silence, winning the votes: Explaining variation in media freedom during elections	3
How electoral reform alters legislative speech: Evidence from the parliament of Victoria, Australia 1992–2017	3
Public support for electoral reform: The role of electoral system experience	3
A voter-centric explanation of the success of ideological candidates for the U.S. house	3
Candidate sex, partisanship and electoral context in Australia	3
The local party voter: A localist anti-establishment voter?	3
What accounts for Duverger's law? The behavioral mechanisms underpinning two-party convergence in India	3
When campaigns call, who answers? Using observational data to enrich our understanding of phone mobilization	3
Generational change in party support in Germany: The decline of the Volksparteien, the rise of the Greens, and the transformation of the education divide	3
Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014–19)	3
From election day to presidential approval: Partisanship and the honeymoon period in Mexico	2
Emigrant external voting in Central-Eastern Europe after EU enlargement	2
What shapes voter expectations of Muslim politicians’ views on homosexuality: stereotyping or projection?	2
Survival of the fittest. Comparing entry and exit among niche and mainstream parties in advanced democracies, 1945–2011	2
Party system polarization and the effective number of parties	2
Spatial voting in non-partisan cities: A case study	2
Research note: Office participation and the dissipating populism-distrust connection	2
Election type and the logic of pre-election violence: Evidence from Zimbabwe	2
How to estimate the policy preferences of party supporters: Disaggregating data from voting advice applications versus modeling survey responses	2
Overlapping polarization: On the contextual determinants of the interplay between ideological and affective polarization	2
Caught in the middle? How voters react to spatial indifference	2
Boxholm tea party: Taxation and voter turnout in a mature democracy	2
Making them pay: Using the norm of honesty to generate costs for political lies	2
When the US far-right sneezes, the European far-right catches a cold. Quasi-experimental evidence of electoral contagion from Spain	2
Retrospective pledge voting and mistrusting citizens: Evidence for the electoral punishment of pledge breakage from a survey experiment	2
Electoral outcomes and satisfaction with democracy: A comparison of regional and national elections	2
Information, perceptions, and electoral behaviour of young voters: A randomised controlled experiment	2
The impact of cuing candidate quality on female candidates	2
Mobilizing party activism: A field experiment with party members and sympathizers	2
Are city elections unique? Perceptions of electoral cleavages and social sorting across levels of government	2
Is electoral intraparty competition more intense in urban areas?	2
Perceptions of extremism among the American public and elected officials	2
Model based clustering of political finance regimes: Developing the regulation of political finance indicator	2
Evaluations of candidates’ non-policy characteristics from issue positions: Evidence of valence spillover	2
Voters’ evaluation of (contra-)prototypical political candidates. An experimental test of the interaction of candidate gender and policy positions cues in Flanders (Belgium)	2
Ideological proximity, issue importance, and vote choice	2
Why Geographically-Targeted Spending Under Closed-List Proportional Representation Favors Marginal Districts	2
Promoting ethnic equality in campaign messages: Survey experimental evidence from Nairobi, Kenya	2
Multi-level muddling: Candidate strategies to “nationalize” local elections	2
Subverted expectations and social democratic austerity: How voters’ reactions to policies are conditional on the policy-implementing actor	2
The effect of televised candidate debates on the support for political parties	2
Who pays for crime? Criminal violence, right-wing incumbents, and electoral accountability in Latin America	2
“Do perceptions of EMU alter clarity of responsibility? A comparison of German and Greek electorates”	1
Do text messages increase voter registration? Evidence from RCTs with a local authority and an advocacy organisation in the UK	1
Knowing your sources: Partisan media and voters’ perceptions of the economy	1
The European Union and political behaviour: The shadow of the Great Recession	1
Partisanship, attribution and approval in a public health shock	1
Do party leadership contests forecast British general elections?	1
Political polarization, voting and democratic representativeness: Too much or too little?	1
Emotions and voting behavior in self-determination referendums: the case of New Caledonia in 2018	1
Personalized politics: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics	1
Retrospective voting under supranational constraints	1
Psychological threat and turnout misreporting	1
Who delivers the votes? Elected versus appointed local executives, election manipulation, and natural support for ruling parties	1
The use of adjustment weights in voter surveys. Correcting for panel attrition and nonresponse can produce less accurate estimates of voting behavior	1
Won't You Be My Senator? Nuanced “Friends and Neighbors” Voting in U.S. Senate Elections, 1968–2018	1
Do competitive districts get more political attention? Strategic use of geographic representation during campaign and non-campaign periods	1
Compulsory voting, turnout, and support for left-wing parties: The case of Australia	1
Are elite cues necessary to drive the “Winner Effect” on trust in elections?	1
Nomination and list placement of ethnic minorities under open-list proportional rules: The centrality of ethnopolitical context	1
Closing the information gap in competitive authoritarian regimes? The effect of voting advice applications	1
The strategic determinants of legislative malapportionment in new democracies	1
Support for digitising the ballot box: A systematic review of i-voting pilots and a conjoint experiment	1
Local racial context, campaign messaging, and public political behavior: A congressional campaign field experiment	1
Reverse mortgages and aircraft parts: The arcane referendum and the limits of citizen competence	1
Measuring ‘closeness’ in 3-candidate elections: Methodology and an application to strategic voting	1
Does the monetary cost of abstaining increase turnout? Causal evidence from Peru	1
Prepaid postage using pre-stamped envelopes to affect turnout costs	1
Selective abstention in simultaneous elections: Understanding the turnout gap	1
Attention! The meanings of attention to politics in surveys	1
Issue substitution or volume expansion? How parties accommodate agenda change	1
Electoral risk and vote buying, introducing prospect theory to the experimental study of clientelism	1
Ethnic Parties in New Democracies: The Case of Myanmar 2015	1
Balancing district and party seats: The arithmetic of mixed-member proportional electoral systems	1