Fluctuation and Noise Letters

Article	Citations
Graph-Based Cancer Protein Identification Algorithm Reveals Key Proteins in PPI Networks	24
Stress–Strength Reliability Estimation for Gamma Distributions in a Noisy System	23
A Network Analysis of Return Connectedness in Financial Stability: Insights into Disease and Economic Policy Uncertainties	12
Temporal Vector Visibility Graph: A Tool for Complexity Analysis of Multivariate Time Series	12
Relaxing Daily Price Limits and Stock Market Cross-Correlation: Evidence from MF-X-DMA Analysis	11
Approach Advancing Stock Market Forecasting with Joint RMSE Loss LSTM-CNN Model	10
On the Impact of Noise on Hyperbolic-Type Traveling Wave Solutions of Some Stochastic Evolution Equations	10
Stock Price Forecasting Based on Dynamic Factor Augmented Model Averaging Approach	10
Novel Non-Convex Regularization for Generating Double Threshold Value in Penalized Least Squares Regression	10
Time-Varying and Scale-Dependent Informational Efficiency of the European CO2 Emissions Market: An Analysis Based on Singular Value Decomposition Entropy	10
Author Index	8
Revisiting the Boltzmann Derivation of the Stefan Law	7
Analysis on Application Effect of Improved Blockchain Mode in Economic and Financial	7
Acoustical Study of a Lossy Gradient-Based Sonic Crystal Using Acoustic Beamforming	7
Efficiency and Long-Range Correlation in G-20 Stock Indexes: A Sliding Windows Approach	7
Statistical Approach to Study the Relationship Between Stock Market Indexes by Multiple DCCA Cross-Correlation Coefficient	7
A Paradox in the Theory of Prediction	6
From Cold Resistor to Secure Key Exchanger	6
Empirical Analysis of SSE 50 Index Volatility Based on GARCH Model	6
Impact of Double Time Delays on Regime Shift and Stochastic Resonance for a Species Population System Driven by Colored Correlated Multiplicative and Additive Noises	5
Parrondo-Like Behavior in Continuous-Time Random Walks with Periodically Alternating Jumps	5
Does COVID-19 Epidemic Change the Risk Spillover Characteristics of Chinese Carbon Markets with Energy, Non-Energy Commodity and Stock Markets? Evidence from a Novel Network Method	4
Nonlinear Stable Least Trimmed Squares for Regression Models with Stable Errors	4
Dual-Attention Based Multi-Path Approach for Intensifying Stock Market Forecasting	4
Modeling and Simulation of a Quantum Thermal Noise on the Qubit	4

Reconsidering Photonic Quantum Heat Engine Efficiency	4
A Frequency-Weighting Digital Filter in Sound Level Meter Based on Neural Computing Method	4
The switch behavior in a gene transcription regulation system driven by Levy noise and Gaussian noise	4
Exploring the Cross-Correlations between Tesla Stock Price, New Energy Vehicles and Oil Prices: A Multifractal and Causality Analysis	3
Exploring Different Temperature Definitions for an Athermal Tracer in an Active Bath: Out-of-Equilibrium Effects and Mass Dependence	3
Electronic Keyboard Performance based multimodal data fusion and noise fluctuation analysis using machine learning	3
Two New Estimators for the Autocorrelation Function Through Singular Spectrum Analysis	3
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, Cross-Correlation and Clustering of Global 7Be Activity Concentration	3
More on the Reference-Grounding-Based Search in Noise-Based Logic	3
Reduction of Artifacts and Edge Preservation of Underwater Images Using Deep Convolution Neural Network	3
Effective Technique for Noise Removal and Emotion Recognition in Speech Signals Using Cat Swarm Optimized Spiking Neural Networks	3
Stock Market Volatility Prediction Based on Robust GBM-GRU Model	3
Two-States Brownian Particle in a Harmonic Potential	3
Constructing Socially-Inspired Networks Using the Static Edge Voting Model	3
Enhancing Stock Price Prediction with Deep Cross-Modal Information Fusion Network	3
Sentiment Analysis for Stock Market Prediction Using Recursive Deep Neural Networks	3
Analysis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults Using the EEMD and Scale-Dependent Intrinsic Entropies	3
Enhancing Personalization of Customer Services in E-Commerce System using Predictive Analytics	3
The Effect of “Wuhan Closure” on the COVID-19 Pandemic in China	3
Fisher Information and Uncertainty Principle for Skew-Gaussian Random Variables	3
Mass-Based Separation of Active Brownian Particles in an Asymmetric Channel	2
Multi-Response Bridge Regularization Parameter Selection via Multivariate Generalized Information Criterion	2
Veracious Interpolated Measure of Angle and Length for Underwater Motion Blurred Images	2
The Marketing Strategy of Enterprises under the “One Belt and One Road” Policy	2
Balancing Data Fluctuations in Lightweight Attack Detection Systems for IoT Networks: A Complexity Metrics Perspective	2
Sentiment, Herding and Volatility Forecasting: Evidence from GARCH-MIDAS Approach	2
Sequential Monte Carlo with Adaptive Lookahead Support for Improved Importance Sampling	2
Time-frequency dispersion entropy plane and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis	2
A Note on the Sensitivity of Permutation Entropy to Additive Noise	2
Mixed H∞ and Passivity Performance Analysis of Interfered Digital Filters with Markovian Jumping Parameters and Delays	2
Noise Reduction Method for the Ring LaserGyro Signal Based on Ceemdan and the Savitzky–Golay Algorithm	2
An Optimal H∞ Approach for Local Stability Analysis of Non Linear Digital Systems with Saturation Non Linearity and External Interference	2
Guest Editorial of the Special Issue — Multiresolution Analytics for Chaotic and Fractal Data	2
Self-Similarity Analysis of Heartbeat Fluctuations in Sleep Among Female Shift Workers	2
Analysis of Vibration Characteristics and Noise Reduction for 10kV Oil-Immersed Transformer	2
Theoretical and Numerical Analyses and Application of Novel Underdamped Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonances under Symmetric Trichotomous Noise	2
Resilience in Flux to Explore ESG Corporate Governance within Noisy Environment	2
Analysis of the Czech Intraday Electricity Market During COVID-19 Pandemic from the Multifractal Perspective	2
Detrended Correlogram Method for Non-Stationary Time-Series Analysis	2
Asymmetric Multifractal Analysis of the Chinese Energy Futures and Energy Stock Markets under the Impact of COVID-19	1
Research on the Construction of Intelligent Contract Mortgage System for Enterprise Financial Risk Control based on Blockchain Technology and Information Disclosure Theory	1
Jellyfish Search Algorithm for MPPT in Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions	1
Identifying states of global oil and gas market based on visibility graph embedding algorithms	1
Application of Reservoir Computers for Chaos Synchronization and Cracking Chaos-Based Cryptography in Fermionic 2D Thirring and 4D Gursey Models with Spinor Fields	1
Satellite and Aerial Image Restoration Using Deep Reinforcement Learning	1
Analysis of EEG Fluctuation Patterns Using Nonlinear Phase-Based Functional Connectivity Measures for Emotion Recognition	1
Non-Invasive Deep-Brain Stimulations by Spatio-Temporal Fourier Synthesis	1
The Impact of the Currency Influence on the International Trade Status from the Perspective of Network Sampled by G20 Countries	1
EEG Signal Processing for Survey of Dynamic Auditory Verbal Learning and Memory Formation in Brain by Fractal Analysis	1
Multiscale Irreversibility Analysis of Time Series Based on Permutation Jensen–Shannon Distance	1

Spectral Collocation Method for Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion	1
RESNET34 with Synchrosqueezing Transform for ADHD Disorder Detection Using EEG Signals	1
The Complex Connectedness of Global Large-Scale Assets and the Visualization of Their Return Spillover Paths	1
Complexity-Entropy Causality Plane Analysis of Air Pollution Series	1
Analysis of wavelet denoising techniques to improve signal to noise ratio in underwater communication	1
Smart Grids Secured by Dynamic Watermarking: How Secure?	1
A Weight-Based Cutoff Resampling Method for Accelerated Particle Filtering	1
Wavelet-Based Weighted Low-Rank Sparse Decomposition Model for Speech Enhancement Using Gammatone Filter Bank Under Low SNR Conditions	1
A multifractional option pricing formula	1
Cascaded Nonlinear Mass Fluctuation Stochastic Resonance System and Its Application in Bearing Fault Diagnosis	1
Fluctuation Analysis of Uterine Contractions in Term Pregnancies Using Electrohysterography Signals and Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Multifractal Features	1
Visualization Methods And Empirical Research On Financial Evaluation Of Listed Companies In China	1
New Insights into Domestic Price Drivers of Crude Oil Futures Markets: Evidence from Quantile ARDL Approach	1
Generalized Second Einstein Relation in Heterogeneous Media and Population Growth Models	1
Complex Function-Based Fault Detection: A New Method to Measure the Complexity of Nonlinear Time Series	1
Perspectives of Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Two-Dimensional Materials	1
Criterion for the H∞ Suppression of Overflow Oscillations in Fixed Point Digital Filters Employing Saturation Nonlinearities and External Interference	1
Time Synchronization Protocol for the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme	1
Recurrence Plot Analysis of Stock Market Based on CAPM Model and Stock Price Time Series	1
Multiresolution Analysis of the US Stock Market Nonlinear Dynamics Based on Surrogate Data and Singular Value Decomposition	1
Recurrence Interval Analysis of the US Bitcoin Market	1
Alternating (AC) Loop Current Attacks Against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange Scheme	1
Comparative Performance Analysis of Filtering Methods for Removing Baseline Wander Noise from an ECG Signal	1
On the Sample Autocorrelation Function’s Absolute Summability	1
A Comparative Study of Stochastic Resonance Phenomenon under Diffusive and Direct Coupling	1
Parrondo’s Paradox for Discrete-Time Quantum Walks in Momentum Space	1
The Effect of the Chinese Industry Sector in Predicting Oil Price: Evidence from Information Geometric Causal Inference and GWO-ELM	1
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Structure and Acoustical Noise in a Suppressor	1
Co-movement between RMB and Bitcoin with Effects of DCEP Using Wavelet Coherence Analysis	1
Numerical Reproduction on the Extinction of Stochastic Population System	1
Analysis of the Correlation between Static Visual Stimuli, Eye Movements, and Brain Signals	1
A Proposal to Analyze Muscle Dynamics Under Fatiguing Contractions Using Surface Electromyography Signals and Fuzzy Recurrence Network Features	1
Wavelet Self-Similar Models for Air Pollutants Dynamics and Application	1
Effect of Nitrogen Ion Diffusion Jumps in Nanometer-Sized Si3N4 Memristors Investigated by Low-Frequency Noise Spectroscopy	1
Noise Reduction of Amperometric Electrochemical Sensor using Current Compensation on Transimpedance Amplifier for Dissolved Oxygen Measurement	1
Regression with Stable Errors Based on Order Statistics	1
Enhancing Operational Risk Management in Distribution Networks: A Comprehensive Framework	0
Persistence Analysis of a Stochastic Single Species Population Model with Allee Effect	0
Interplay Multifractal Dynamics Among Carbon Trading Market, Geopolitical Risk and Economic Policy Uncertainty	0
Sufficient Forecasting for Sub-Gaussian Processes Using Factor Models	0
Fused Lasso Algorithm Based on Novel Non-Convex Regularization in Sparse Domain for Audio Signal Enhancement	0
A Piecewise Nonlinear Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance System and its Application in Bearing Fault Diagnosis	0
Mitigation of Inter-Cell Interference by using MIMO System in Visible Light Communication System	0
Combined Underdamped Bistatic Stochastic Resonance for Weak Signal Detection and Fault Diagnosis under Wavelet Transform	0
Volatility Information in High-Frequency Financial Interval-Valued Time Series: A Direct Modeling Pattern	0
Weak Signal Detection in the Hodgkin–Huxley Neural Network with Channel Blocks under Electromagnetic Stimulus	0
Author Index	0
Minimization of Gaussian Noise in Voice Signals Using Wavelets and Dynamics Transform	0
Measuring Economic Uncertainty Synchrony with Cross-Sample Entropy Under Common External Factors: The Case of Chile	0
Asymmetric Multifractal Cross-Correlations Between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Agricultural Futures Prices	0
Transient Attacks Against the VMG-KLJN Secure Key Exchanger	0
Extracting Biomedical Signals from High Noise Environments	0
Characterizing Nonlinear Time Series via Sliding-Window Amplitude-Based Dispersion Entropy	0
Deterministic Random Number Generator Attack Against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise Secure Key Exchange Protocol	0
Exploring the Asymmetric Multifractal Characteristics of Price–Volume Cross-Correlation in the Chinese Rebar Futures Market Based on MF-ADCCA	0
Changes in Dynamic Stability of Cardiovascular Time Series by Local Largest Lyapunov Exponent in the Time-Frequency Domain in Vasovagal Syncope	0
The Noise of Our Daily Motion: General Spectral Characteristics of Human Mobility and Activity	0
Comparison of Price-Volume Correlation for Some Cryptocurrencies Based on MF-ADCCA	0
Temporal Analysis of the Flows of the Rivers that form the Hydrographic Basin of Moquegua (Peru)	0
Dynamical Behavior of Two Coupled Two-Stroke Relaxation Oscillators	0
Author Index	0
Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation Has Not Been Violated	0
Comparative Study of Quantitative Removal Methods for Effects of Light Intensity Using Multiple Weights Conditions	0
Optimal Noise-Boosted Estimator Design Via Adaptive Stochastic Resonance	0
The cross perspective of international economic law and international relations for global financial governance: SIEPUESM	0
Evaluation of the Coupling between the Brain and Facial Muscles Reactions to Moving Visual Stimuli	0
Simulation of Random Signals in Ghost Polarization	0
Nonlinearity Attack Against the Kirchhoff–Law–Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Secure Key Exchange Protocol	0
Prediction of Noise Reduction Effect of Sound Barriers and Evaluation of Noise Annoyance	0
Relaxation Dynamics and Finite-Size Effects in a Simple Model of Condensation	0
High-Tech Enterprise Financial Risk Early Warning System Based on Multi-Layer Feedforward Neural Network	0
The Composition and Characteristics of Logistics Capability Based on Distributed Platform in Multimedia Supply Chain Environment	0
Analyzing the Effects of White Noise on Software Release Planning Using SDE-Based SRGM	0
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of the U.S. Defense Stock Markets under the Russia–Ukraine Conflict	0
Employing Machine Learning to Deduce a Causal Link Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance	0
Information-based Analysis of the Coupling between Dynamic Visual Stimuli, Eye Movements, and Brain Signals	0
Simple Cracking of (Noise-Based) Dynamic Watermarking in Smart Grids	0
Segmented Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis in Key Economic Sectors	0
A Novel Optimized Classification approach for Spam Message Cyber Attack Detection and Prevention using Machine Learning Approach	0
Multivariate Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Symbolic Sequences	0

Impact of positive and negative fluctuations in environmental policy stringency on energy security	0
IoT Data Visualizations for Hospital Insight in Corporate Finance Utilizing Machine Learning Algorithm	0
Contribution of Nonlinear Dynamics to the Informational Efficiency of the Bitcoin Market	0
Multifractal Analysis in Age-Based Classification for COVID-19 Patients’ CT-Scan Images with Different Noise Levels	0
Preface: To the Special Issue on Financial Econometrics and Risk Management	0
Estimation of the Parameters of Generalized Inverse Weibull Geometric Distribution and its Application	0
Feature Clustering of Noisy Data and Application in the Currency Market	0
Application of Resonance Method in Composite Fault Diagnosis of Bearings	0
Stochastic Resonance and Self-Induced Stochastic Resonance in Bearing Fault Diagnosis	0
Modeling and Controlling the Dynamic Behavior of an Aerial Manipulator	0
Improved Cross-Correlation Coefficient: Quantifying the Cross-Correlation Level between Fluctuant Amplitude Ranges in Two Non-Stationary Time Series	0
Numerical and Analytical Transport of Brownian Particles in Corrugated Deformable Channels: Current Fluctuations and Rectification Efficiency	0
Constructing Signal from Imperfect Data without Prior Information and Training Data	0
Large Fluctuations in Amplifying Graphs	0
A Note on Convergence and Stability of the Truncated Milstein Method for Stochastic Differential Equations	0
Noise and fluctuation based network complexity analysis using quantum optical computing	0
Clustering the World Currency Exchange Rates Using Hierarchical Methods Based on Dynamic Time Warping	0
Effect of Futures Trading Restrictions on Market Efficiency: A Multifractal Analysis	0
Thirty Years of Quantum Computing	0
Binarization of Stone Inscription Images by Modified Bi-level Entropy Thresholding	0
Crypto Analysis of the Key Distribution Scheme Using Noise-Free Resistances	0
Research and Application of Two-Dimensional Time-Delayed Tri-Stable Stochastic Resonance System for Bearing Fault Detection	0
Analyzing Financial Time Series by Dispersion Entropy Based on Hill’s Diversity Number	0
Research and Application of Wavelet Transform-Based Two-Dimensional Pinning Potential Stochastic Resonant System	0
Reducing Leakage Effects and Measurement Time in Low-frequency Noise Measurements	0
Multidimensional Scaling Clustering Based on Weighted-Permutation Patterns and Symmetrical Kullback–Leibler Divergence	0
ΔDMCx2: A New Approach to Measure Contagion Effect on Financial Crisis	0
Automated Deep Learning Model with Optimization Mechanism for Segmenting Leukemia from Blood Smear Images	0
Comparing the Efficiency and Similarity Between WTI, Fiat Currencies and Foreign Exchange Rates	0
Jump Risk Contagion and Determinants Driven by COVID-19 in Sino-US Stock Market: An Empirical Analysis from a Dependence Perspective	0
ARIMA-SVR Ensemble Model for Forecasting the Grain Yields in China with the CEEMDAN Components	0
A New and Effective Classification Method for Complex Time Series Based on Information Measure	0
Research on the Influence of Depth and Breadth of Equity Reform on the Performance of State Owned Enterprises Based on Dynamic Panel Data Model	0
Statistical Random Number Generator Attack Against the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) Secure Key Exchange Protocol	0
Sustainable Finance Factors in Indian Economy: Analysis on Policy of Climate Change and Energy Sector	0
Current Injection and Voltage Insertion Attacks Against the VMG-KLJN Secure Key Exchanger	0
Reducing Random Valued Impulse Noise in Digital Color Images Using Clustering and Median Filtering	0
Exploring the Multifractality in the Precious Metal Market	0
Impact of Non-Gaussian Noise and Time Delay on Stability and Stochastic Resonance for a FitzHugh-Nagumo Neural System Subjected to a Multiplicative Periodic Signal	0
Forecasting Financial Market Trends in a Complex Business Environment	0
Multifractal Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on NASDAQ, CIOPI, and WTI Crude Oil Market	0
Forecasting Monthly Rainfall using Bio-Inspired Artificial Algae Deep Learning Network	0
A Novel Approach for Efficient Resource Allocation in 6G V2V Networks using Neighbor-Aware Greedy Algorithm and Sweep Line Model	0
Deep Learning-Based Cause-Related Marketing and the Impact of the Internet on MICE Events in the Context of the Epidemic	0
Visibility Graph Analysis of Crude Oil Futures Markets: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic and Russia–Ukraine Conflict	0
Statistical Test of Detrended Multiple Moving Average Cross-Correlation Analysis and Its Application in Financial Market	0
An Econophysics Perspective on Green Bonds and Stock Market Nexus: Can Green Finance be an Investment Option for Emerging Stock Markets?	0
The Multifractal Phenomenon of Stock Price Caused by “Tesla Rights Defense Event”	0
Correlation Structure of the Solution to the Reaction-Diffusion Equation in Respond to Random Fluctuations of the Boundary Conditions	0
Blockchain technology in the era of big data cross-border financial business innovation strategy research	0
Modified Model of Multiplication Cascade Image-Based 2D MF-DFA with Sign Retention	0
The Impact of Polysilicon Gate Doping on the Low Frequency Noise of MOS Transistors	0
Blockchain-Based Secure Stock Market Price Prediction Using Next Generation Optimized LSTM Model	0
Data-Driven Decision Making in Stock Portfolio Management: LSTM and Monte Carlo Simulation in Action	0
Exhibition of Noise-Aided Stochastic Resonance by Discontinuity Detectors in Smartphone Images	0
Multifractal Analysis of GameFi	0
Bayesian Inference for Geometric Process with Lindley Distribution and its Applications	0
Multifractal Analysis of Chinese Industry and Stock Markets Fluctuation Under the COVID-19 Pandemic	0
On the Random Non-Autonomous Logistic Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients	0
A Nonlinear Master Equation for Open Quantum Systems	0
Investigation of the Global Stock Trading Based on Visibility Graph and Entropy Weight Method	0
A Development and Analysis of Color Image New Blind Watermarking Based on DWT-SVD Swapping and 3-Dimensional Cryptography Technique	0
A generalization of the Lindley Distribution	0
Optical network noise fluctuation analysis using Markov Reinforcement Attention Fuzzy model	0
Filtering of Noisy Nonlinear Buck Converter with CPL Using Carleman Linerization	0
Multifractal detrended partial cross-correlation and risk transmission of cryptocurrencies	0
Non-Linear Impact of Chinese Treasury Bond Futures on the Information Content of IRS	0
Implementation of Digital Filters for Real-Time PPG Signal Processing in VLC	0
Stochastic Resonance Effect in Segmented Underdamped Asymmetric Tristable System and its Application in Weak Signal Detection Research	0
Fisher-Based Inaccuracy Information Measure	0
Intermittent Shot Noise Generating 1/f Fluctuations	0
Analysis of Risk Spillover and Asymmetry Between Three Crude Oil Markets and Chinese Financial Markets	0
Systemic Risk Spillover Effects among China’s Financial Institutions: Evidence from the Spatial Econometric Model	0
Multifractal Analysis of International Energy and Agricultural Markets Under the Influence of Russia–Ukraine Conflict	0
Author Index	0
Nearest Neighbor Optimal Smooth Denoising Dynamic Classification Method for Financial Time Series	0
Information-Based Analysis of the Coupling Between the Alterations of Heart and Brain Activities in Response to Auditory Stimuli	0
Distribution of Interspike Intervals of a Neuron with Inhibitory Autapse Stimulated with a Renewal Process	0
Belief Inaccuracy Information Measures and Their Extensions	0
Research and Application of a Novel Combined Asymmetric Tristable Stochastic Resonance System	0
The Short-Term Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on China’s Crude Oil Futures Market: A Study Based on Multifractal Analysis	0
Least Trimmed Squares for Regression Models with Stable Errors	0
How Statistically Significant is the DMCA Coefficient?	0
A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Framework for Evaluating Strategic Alternatives in Complex Business Markets	0
Aeroacoustic Investigation of Airfoil Profiles in Turbulence at Moderate Reynolds Numbers Involving the Phased Array Microphone Technique and the Anova Statistical Method	0
The Price–Volume Dependences in the European and Chinese Carbon Markets: New Evidence from the Fractal Analysis	0
Existence and Internal Structure of the Deterministic Attracting Set for a Random Ant Colonies Model	0
Enhancing Economic Stability with Innovative Crude Oil Price Prediction and Policy Uncertainty Mitigation in USD Energy Stock Markets	0
Multifractal Fluctuation Analysis of Correlations between Agricultural Futures Markets in China and the US Based on MF-X-DFA and MF-DPXA Methods	0
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Analyze Irregularity of Graph Signals and Network Topological Changes Based on Bubble Entropy	0
Virtual Power Plant Transaction Management Using Small Sample Learning Through Cloud Computing Based Noise Reduction by Machine Learning	0
Sustainable Development: Impact of FDI and Corruption Mitigation Within BRI Nations	0
Super-Poisson Renewal Process Characterized by Waiting Time Distributions with the Locally Thickened Tail	0
Time Irreversibility of Complex Time Series with Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis Based on Visibility Graph	0
Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement by Accumulation of Signal and Noise along the Spectrum	0