Peptides

Article	Citations
Editorial Board	119
Editorial Board	92
KNDy neurons as the GnRH pulse generator: Recent studies in ruminants	51
The first structure-activity relationship study of oxytocin as a positive allosteric modulator for the µ opioid receptor	41
Corrigendum to “Oxytocin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by improving cardiac glucose metabolism and regulating OXTR/JAK2/STAT3 axis” [Peptides 182 (2024) 171323]	41
Natriuretic peptides potentiate cardiac hypertrophic response to noradrenaline in rats	39
Serum alanine transaminase is predictive of fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon concentrations in type 2 diabetes	38
Angiotensin-(1−7), a protective peptide against vascular aging	36
Gut hormone analogues and skeletal health in diabetes and obesity: Evidence from preclinical models	31
Desacyl-ghrelin, not just an inactive form of ghrelin? A review of current knowledge on the biological actions of desacyl-ghrelin	29
PCP consensus protein/peptide alphavirus antigens stimulate broad spectrum neutralizing antibodies	29
Emerging roles of oxyntomodulin-based glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon co-agonist analogs in diabetes and obesity	29
The present and future of synthetic orexin receptor agonists	28
Transcardiac gradients of pro-cholecystokinin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin in patients with and without heart failure with reduced ejection fraction	28
The antimicrobial peptide Abaecin alleviates colitis in mice by regulating inflammatory signaling pathways and intestinal microbial composition	27
Editorial Board	26
Editorial Board	25
The impact of multifunctional enkephalin analogs and morphine on the protein changes in crude membrane fractions isolated from the rat brain cortex and hippocampus	25
Editorial Board	25
The protective role of Nesfatin-1 against TNF-α-induced ferroptosis in chondrocytes: Implications for osteoarthritis therapy	25
Peptides and primate personality: Central and peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin levels and social behavior in two baboon species (Papio hamadryas and Papio anubis)	23
Studies on the in vitro mechanism and in vivo therapeutic effect of the antimicrobial peptide ACP5 against Trichophyton mentagrophytes	23
Nesfatin-1 regulates steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells	23
Localization and expression of Orexin B (OXB) and its type 2 receptor (OX2R) in mouse testis during postnatal development	22
A chimeric natriuretic peptide (Ev-NP) inhibits isoproterenol (ISO)-induced hypertrophic growth in in vivo and in vitro models by enhancing cGMP and its downstream signaling targets: In silico docking	22

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2024	20
Asprosin-mediated regulation of ovarian functions in mice: An age-dependent study	20
Dulaglutide accelerates diabetic wound healing by suppressing Nrf2-dependent ferroptosis in diabetic mice	19
Impact of galanin receptors 2 and 3 double-knockout on neuroinflammation and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury	19
Synthesis, conformation and cytotoxic activity of short hybrid peptides containing conformationally constrained 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and gabapentin	18
Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human septic shock	18
Suppression of B-type natriuretic peptide gene expression in cardiomyocytes under anoxic conditions	18
VR-10 polypeptide interacts with CD36 to induce cell apoptosis and autophagy in choroid-retinal endothelial cells: Identification of VR-10 as putative novel therapeutic agent for choroid neovasculariz	18
Modulatory role of neuropeptide FF system in macrophages	18
GIP-derived GIP receptor antagonists – a review of their role in GIP receptor pharmacology	17
Lasso peptides realm: Insights and applications	17
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor promotes osteoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and bone formation in a zebrafish scale regeneration model	16
Editorial Board	15
Erythropoietin attenuates lead-induced spatial memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior by suppressing hippocampal oxidative stress, cell death inhibition, and inflammation reduction	15
Simplified drug efficacy evaluation system for vasopressin neurodegenerative disease using mouse disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells	15
Allatotropin (AT) related peptides L-ATRP and D2-ATRP diastereomers activate an endogenous receptor and suppress heart rate in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai	15
JHP-7 (QLLEELKR), a heptapeptide derived from Jinhua ham, may ameliorate intrauterine adhesion (IUA) via inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis	15
The intricate relationship between circadian rhythms and gastrointestinal peptides in obesity	15
Recombinant production of isotope-labeled human α-defensin 5 via calmodulin fusion and insights into its expression enhancement	15
A novel endomorphin-2/salmon calcitonin hybrid peptide with enhancing anti-allodynic and anti-anxiety effects	15
The role of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of appetite in obesity	14
Significance of D- tryptophan in Contryphan-Ar1131 Conus peptide: Oxidative folding, trypsin binding, and photostabilization activity	14
Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2023	14
Special issue on Invertebrate Peptides	14
Glucagon and energy expenditure; Revisiting amino acid metabolism and implications for weight loss therapy	14
Influence of the angiotensin-(1−7) on the vascular effects of the endothelin-1 in normotensive and hypertensive rats	14
Reduced plasma cortistatin is related to clinical parameters in patients with essential hypertension	13
PACAP inhibits sepsis-associated acute lung injury by inhibiting the Sp1/AQP1 pathway	13
Glucagon-based therapy for people with diabetes and obesity: What is the sweet spot?	13
Peptides as mediators of stress responses	13
Development of a glucagon sensitivity test in humans: Pilot data and the GLUSENTIC study protocol	13
Venomous gland transcriptome and venom proteomic analysis of the scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi reveal new peptides with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity	13
The T-1 conotoxin μ-SrVA from the worm hunting marine snail Conus spurius preferentially blocks the human NaV1.5 channel	13
Editorial Board	13
Investigation of irisin's role in pubertal onset physiology in female rats	13
Spexin expression in the human bile duct and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma	12
Rational antimicrobial peptide engineering through amino acid scanning and targeted point mutations	12
Editorial: Special issue novel aspects of islet peptides	12
Targeting the GLP-2 receptor in the management of obesity	12
Body weight modulates the impact of oxytocin on chronic cold-immobilization stress response	12
The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins on the noradrenaline (NA) released from the locus coeruleus (LC)	11
The non-cardiovascular actions of ACE	11
Estrogens impair hypophagia and hypothalamic cell activation induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide, but not by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide	11
Effect of pregnancy on the expression of nutrient-sensors and satiety hormones in mice	11
The apelin-apela receptor APJ is necessary for formation and healing of ischemia reperfusion-induced gastric ulcer in rats	11
Egg white-derived peptide KPHAEVVLR promotes wound healing in rat palatal mucosa via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	11
Corrigendum to “Liraglutide inhibited AGEs induced coronary smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition through inhibiting the NF-κB signal pathway” [Peptides 112 (2019) 125–132]	11
Activity dependent neuroprotective protein mediates the protective effects against VEGF-induced corneal barrier disruption in diabetes	10
Urocortin3: Local inducer of somatostatin release and bellwether of beta cell maturity	10
Role of brain NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in stress and stress-related gastrointestinal disorders	10

GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells – A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation	10
Tirzepatide improves angiogenesis after diabetic hindlimb ischemia through Akt/eNOS and ERK1/2 pathways	10
Effectiveness of analog of Humanin in ameliorating streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in Sprague Dawley rats	10
Liraglutide suppresses ferroptosis by upregulation NRF2 in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy	10
In memoriam: Dr. Stephen Tobe (11 October 1944 – 31 December 2020)	9
Maximizing cost savings in heart failure management: The economic value of natriuretic peptide testing	9
GLP-1 receptor agonism and GIP receptor antagonism induce substantial alterations in enteroendocrine and islet cell populations in obese high fat fed mice	9
Characterization of rice endosperm-derived antidepressant-like peptide (REAP): An orally active novel tridecapeptide derived from rice protein	9
Alamandine attenuates oxidative stress in the right carotid following transverse aortic constriction in mice	9
Nesfatin-1 is involved in hyperbaric oxygen-mediated therapeutic effects in high fat diet-induced hyperphagia in mice	9
Interleukin-6, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to single and repeated sessions of high-intensity interval exercise	9
Irisin alleviates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway	9
Neuropeptides affecting social behavior in mammals: Oxytocin	9
Synergistic interaction between DAMGO-NH2 and NOP01 in peripherally acting antinociception in two mouse models of formalin pain	9
FGF4 alleviates renal injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) by inhibiting ferroptosis and pyroptosis	9
Editorial Board	9
Engineering a potent and long-acting GLP-1/Y2 receptor dual agonist as a multi-agonist therapy for diabetes and obesity	9
Angiotensin-(1−7) attenuates the negative inotropic response to acetylcholine in the heart	9
Recent articles highlighting the multifunctional character and wider therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides	9
Role of sexually dimorphic oxytocin receptor-expressing neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus on maternal behavior	9
Abba J. Kastin – Tribute to the founding and honorary editor of PEPTIDES	8
Editorial Board	8
Structure and function of neurohypophysial hormones	8
Irisin prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the blood-brain barrier	8
Involvement of relaxin-family peptide-3 receptor (RXFP3) in the ventral dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in spatial and fear memory in rats	8
LP2, a cyclic angiotensin-(1−7) analog extended with an N-terminal D-lysine, impairs growth of patient-derived xenografts of colorectal carcinoma in mice	8
AT2 receptor agonist LP2 restores respiratory function in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung remodelling	8
Angiotensin-(1-7) reduces doxorubicin-induced aortic arch dysfunction in male and female juvenile Sprague Dawley rats through pleiotropic mechanisms	8
Apelin-36 attenuates diabetic glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability via the KLF2/Occludin pathway	8
Discovery of the bioactive form of glucagon-like peptide-1: An attempt to correct some misconceptions	8
Editorial Board	8
Protective effects of PACAP against high glucose-induced inflammation on air-liquid interface corneal epithelium barrier	8
Post‑transplant trajectories and renal function associations of mid‑regional pro‑adrenomedullin, mid‑regional pro‑atrial natriuretic peptide, and copeptin in kidney transplant recipients	8
Optogenetics studies of kisspeptin neurons	7
Host defense peptides at the crossroad of endothelial cell physiology: Insight into mechanistic and pharmacological implications	7
Functional role of immunoglobulin G as an oxytocin-carrier protein	7
A short framework-III (mini-M-2) conotoxin from the venom of a vermivorous species, Conus archon, inhibits human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors	7
Post-prandial secretion of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) after carbohydrate-, fat- or protein enriched meals in healthy subjects	7
Gluco-metabolic response to exogenous oxytocin in totally pancreatectomized patients and healthy individuals	7
Evaluation of plasma arginine vasopressin during hypertonic saline loading: A comparison of radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry	7
Heart peptides and HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction)	7
PD1 CD44 antiviral peptide as an inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction in dengue virus invasion	7
Adropin: A cardio-metabolic hormone in the periphery, a neurohormone in the brain?	7
Neprilysin deficiency reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis in high fat-fed mice	7
The regulatory role of central neuropeptide-S in locomotion	7
Acute effects of peripherally administered nicotine on food intake via the central anorectic peptide nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 in adult male rats	7
The impact of GLP-1 signalling on the energy metabolism of pancreatic islet β-cells and extrapancreatic tissues	7
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 signaling promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by enhancing the ERK pathway	7
Amphibian host-defense peptides with potential for Type 2 diabetes therapy – an updated review	7
Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives	7
Diminazene Aceturate, an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, promotes cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac injury	7
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist use and the effect on diabetic retinopathy: An uncertain relationship	6
A murine model of obesity with hyperinsulinemia and hepatic steatosis involving neurosecretory protein GL gene and a low-fat/medium-sucrose diet	6
Cbf-14, a cationic peptide derived from cathelin-domain, exhibits anti-inflammation activity via inhibiting PI3K- Akt /ROS/ NF-κB signaling pathway	6
History of peptide research: Ulf Svante von Euler's last visit to Yugoslavia	6
Phoenixin-14 ameliorates acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms	6
Corrination mitigates peptide aggregation as exemplified for Glucagon	6
Vascular endothelial cell-specific overexpression of CNP did not improve liver fibrosis in HFFCD-induced NASH, but did improve renal lesions	6
Therapeutic potential of vasopressin in the treatment of neurological disorders	6
Protective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in diabetic keratopathy	6
The dual incretin co-agonist tirzepatide increases both insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness in model experiments in mice	6
Non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor ligands possessing the substituted quinolinyl moiety: Pharmacological properties and prospective clinical uses	6
Synthesis and characterization of piperic acid conjugates with homochiral and heterochiral dipeptides containing phenylalanine and their application in skin cancer	6
The role of intraamygdaloid oxytocin in spatial learning and avoidance learning	6
Editorial Board	6
Identification and utility exploration of a highly potent and long-acting bullfrog GLP-1 analogue in GLP-1 and amylin combination therapy	6
Viktor Mutt lecture: Peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier	6
Discovery of novel OXM-based glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor dual agonists	6
Publishing in PEPTIDES − A 2022 update	6
Orexin deficiency modulates the dipsogenic effects of angiotensin II in a sex-dependent manner	6
Cardiovascular peptide hormones – Special edition	6
Corrigendum to “Cyclopeptide Dmt-[D-Lys-p-CF3-Phe-Phe-Asp]NH2, a novel G protein-biased agonist of the mu opioid receptor” [Peptides 101 (2018) 227–233]	5
Computer vision analysis of mother-infant interaction identified efficient pup retrieval in V1b receptor knockout mice	5
Chronic exposure to incretin metabolites GLP-1(9−36) and GIP(3−42) affect islet morphology and beta cell health in high fat fed mice	5
Mas receptor blockade impairs exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy	5
Retraction notice to “Protective effects of ghrelin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice” [Peptides 82 (2016) 85–91]	5
Overexpressed beta cell CART increases insulin secretion in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes	5
The hypothalamic neuropeptide, QRFP, regulates high fat diet intake in female Long-Evans rats following ovariectomy	5
Recent advances in peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes	5
Tirzepatide protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via PI3K/Akt signaling	5

Peptide‑based therapeutic strategies for glioma: Current state and prospects	5
Nesfatin-1 peptide protects rat renal epithelial cells against high glucose and H2O2 induced injury via inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis	5
Editorial Board	5
Editorial Board	5
EPI-X4, a CXCR4 antagonist inhibits tumor growth in pancreatic cancer and lymphoma models	5
Molecular and functional characterization of the luqin-type neuropeptide signaling system in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus	5
Editorial Board	5
Editorial Board	5
The circular bacteriocin enterocin NKR-5-3B has an improved stability profile over nisin	5
Intestinal expression profiles and hepatic expression of LEAP2, ghrelin and their common receptor, GHSR, in humans	5
Cm-p5, a molluscan-derived antifungal peptide exerts its activity by a membrane surface covering in a non-penetrating mode	5
Mechanical stretch improves high glucose-induced leptin resistance thus promoting glucose uptake of C2C12 myoblasts	5
Central injection of neuropeptide B induces luteinizing hormone release in male and female rats	5
Is the efficacy of oxytocin for autism diminished at higher dosages or repeated doses?: Potential mechanisms and candidate solutions	5
Elevated Plasma Soluble (Pro)renin receptor as a potential indicator for heart failure	5
Corrigendum to “Chronic catestatin treatment reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility via improving calcium handling in post-infarction heart failure rats” Peptide 159(2023) 170904	5
Neuropeptide S promotes maintenance of newly formed dendritic spines and performance improvement after motor learning in mice	5
The role of spexin in energy metabolism	4
Arginine vasopressin: Critical regulator of circadian homeostasis	4
Alamandine: A promising treatment for fibrosis	4
Multiple roles of apelin/APJ system in eye diseases	4
The plant defensins PaDef and γ-thionin inhibit the endothelial cell response to VEGF	4
Correlation Between decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation and increased B-type natriuretic peptides independent of hemodynamics in pre-heart failure/heart failure patients	4
Antioxidant and immunomodulatory potency of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NCDC24 fermented milk-derived peptides: A computationally guided in-vitro and ex-vivo investigation	4
Editorial: Autonomic regulation of enteroendocrine peptides in health and diseases	4
PACAP-ADNP axis prevents outer retinal barrier breakdown and choroidal neovascularization by interfering with VEGF secreted from retinal pigmented epitelium cells	4
Maternal separation alters peripheral immune responses associated with IFN-γ and OT in mice	4
Kisspeptin and mammalian reproduction	4
Dimerization of hub protein DYNLL1 and bZIP transcription factor CREB3L1 enhances transcriptional activation of CREB3L1 target genes like arginine vasopressin	4
C1q/TNF-related protein 3 alleviates heart failure via attenuation of oxidative stress in myocardial infarction rats	4
Crosstalk between incretin hormones, Th17 and Treg cells in inflammatory diseases	4
Oxytocin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by improving cardiac glucose metabolism and regulating OXTR/JAK2/STAT3 axis	4
Pain modulation by oxytocin	4
Compensatory mechanisms underlying arginine vasopressin regulation in transient polyuria during pregnancy	4
An update on galanin and spexin and their potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders	4
A novel functional peptide, named EQ-9 (ESETRILLQ), identified by virtual screening from regenerative cell secretome and its potential anti-aging and restoration effects in topical applications	4
Prolactin-induced neuroprotection against excitotoxicity is mediated via PI3K/AKT and GSK3β/NF-κB in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons	4
Expression patterns and behavioral effects of conopressin and APGWamide in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae	4
Intranasal oxytocin as a treatment for anxiety and autism: From subclinical to clinical applications	4
R150S mutation in the human oxytocin receptor: Gain-of-function effects and implication in autism spectrum disorder	4
Systemic and tissue-specific spexin response to acute treadmill exercise in rats	4
Downregulation of natriuretic peptide receptor-C in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats contributes to vascular remodeling	4
Substance P promote macrophage M2 polarization to attenuate secondary lymphedema by regulating NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling pathway	4
Caloxin-derived peptides for the inhibition of plasma membrane calcium ATPases	4
Oral salmon acylated ghrelin increases food intake in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via ghrelin receptors, likely through sensory nerves rather than systemic absorption	4
Editorial Board	4
The Viktor Mutt Award Lecture 2022 – Homage to an outstanding scientist	4
EPI-X4 is a peptide antagonist of CXCR4 with therapeutic prospects for cancer and inflammatory disorders	4
The angiotensin AT2-receptor agonist compound 21 is an antagonist for the thromboxane TP-receptor – Implications for preclinical studies and future clinical use	4
Cholecystokinin regulates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion through activation of NOX4–Sirt1–LEF1 signaling in beating rat hypoxic atria	4
Neurokinin B is a potential target for treating disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction	4
The role of orexin neuron activity in sleep/wakefulness regulation	4
Corrigendum to “Oxytocin effects on inhibition of NF-κB/miR195 pathway in mice breast cancer” [Peptides 107 (2018) 54–60]	3
The Viktor Mutt Award Lecture 2024 to Tomas Hökfelt	3
The semenogelin I-derived peptide SgI-52 in seminal plasma participates in sperm selection and clearance by macrophages	3
2020 Invertebrate Neuropeptide Award Announcement	3
Involvement of complement peptides C3a and C5a in osteoarthritis pathology	3
Internal and external modulation factors of the orexin system (REVIEW)	3
The Mas agonist CGEN-856S prevents Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via nitric oxide production	3
Duodenal enteroendocrine cells and GIP as treatment targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes	3
Targeting of midkine alleviates cardiac hypertrophy via attenuation of oxidative stress and autophagy	3
Gel-forming therapeutic peptide exhibits sustained delivery and efficacy in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer	3
Cathelicidin LL-37 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating TFEB-dependent autophagy	3
Bioactive peptide HX-12C enhances fibroblast function through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and promotes wound healing in vitro and in vivo	3
Correlation between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels and intervertebral disc degeneration	3
Plasma angiotensinogen is associated with higher 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure independently of plasma angiotensin II in obese men	3
Incretin hormones, obesity and gut microbiota	3
Peripheral CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist, astressin C, induces a long-lasting blockade of acute stress-related visceral pain in male and female rats	3
Irisin alleviates high glucose-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress	3
Human β-defensin-3 as a transcriptional convergence point linking innate immunity, endocrine signals, and tissue repair	3
Roles of Angiotensin III in the brain and periphery	3
DR8 (DHNNPQIR), a rapeseed-derived peptide, mitigates fibrosis and muscle atrophy in chronic kidney disease by targeting CNR1–ERK/ELK-1 signaling	3
Distinct and complementary metabolic effects of GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism in diet-induced obese mice	3
Editorial Board	3
Growth differentiation factor-15 modulates adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis in murine AtT-20 corticotroph cells	3
In memoriam - Patrick Robberecht (1944–2023)	3
Editorial Board	3
The 2022 Kazuhiko Tatemoto Prize: ACE2-derived peptides for COVID-19 treatment	3
Genetic deletion of neuromedin U and neuromedin S confers transient reno-protection in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease	3
Altering Specificity and Enhancing Stability of the Antimicrobial Peptides Nisin and Rombocin through Dehydrated Amino Acid Residue Engineering	3
Peptide therapeutics: current status and future opportunity with focus on nose-to-brain delivery☆	3
Angiotensin-(1−7) mediated calcium signalling by MAS	3
A pioneer at the interface: Annette Beck-Sickinger – The 2026 Victor Mutt Award Awardee	3
G-protein coupled receptor 30 attenuates myocardial hypertrophy by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis in Ang II-treated mice	3
Effects of maternal deprivation and environmental enrichment on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors correlate with oxytocin system and CRH level in the medial-lateral habenula	3
Prothymosin α-derived hexapeptide prevents the brain damage and sequelae due to ischemia-hemorrhage	3