American Journal of Infection Control

Article	Citations
Willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine with and without emergency use authorization	364
Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19	337
Healthcare providers experience of working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study	234
Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19: A rapid review of current literature	194
Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination	190
Covid-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal among Canadian healthcare workers: A multicenter survey	181
Face masks to prevent transmission of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis	173
Impact of the influenza vaccine on COVID-19 infection rates and severity	131
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals	129
Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry	105
Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia	101
Unintended consequences of infection prevention and control measures during COVID-19 pandemic	97
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among health care workers, communication, and policy-making	93
Intention to COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among health care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies	91
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hospital acquired infection rates in the United States: Predictions and early results	85
Decontamination and reuse of N95 filtering facemask respirators: A systematic review of the literature	82
Factors and reasons associated with low COVID-19 vaccine uptake among highly hesitant communities in the US	80
Impact of COVID-19 prevention measures on risk of health care-associated Clostridium difficile infection	78
Impact of personal protective equipment use on health care workers’ physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis	77
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: The lived experience and perceptions of patients in isolation and care in an Australian healthcare setting	70
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2013-2018, Adult and Pediatric Units, Device-associated Module	62
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available alcohol-based hand sanitizers	61
Implementation and Process of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing Initiative: Leveraging Health Professional Students to Extend the Workforce During a Pandemic	59
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in an acute care hospital in Brazil	58
Disposable versus reusable medical gowns: A performance comparison	56

The safety profile of COVID-19 vaccinations in the United States	52
Modeling COVID-19 infection risks for a single hand-to-fomite scenario and potential risk reductions offered by surface disinfection	51
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare acquired infections with multidrug resistant organisms	47
Are saliva and deep throat sputum as reliable as common respiratory specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection? A systematic review and meta-analysis	44
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales outbreak: Another dark side of COVID-19	43
Hospital Visitation Policies During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic	40
N95 reprocessing by low temperature sterilization with 59% vaporized hydrogen peroxide during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic	39
Compared hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review and meta-analysis	38
Hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A long-term follow-up study	37
Lived experiences of frontline workers and leaders during COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care: A qualitative study	37
3D printing of face shields to meet the immediate need for PPE in an anesthesiology department during the COVID-19 pandemic	36
The role of mask mandates, stay at home orders and school closure in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic prior to vaccination	35
Positive no-touch surfaces and undetectable SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in long-term care facilities: An attempt to understand the contributing factors and the importance of timing in air sampling campaigns	35
Availability of personal protective equipment and infection prevention supplies during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic: A national study by the APIC COVID-19 task force	35
Evaluation of hospital nurse-to-patient staffing ratios and sepsis bundles on patient outcomes	34
Comparative accuracy testing of non-contact infrared thermometers and temporal artery thermometers in an adult hospital setting	33
What are the sources of exposure in healthcare personnel with coronavirus disease 2019 infection?	32
Implementing a negative pressure isolation space within a skilled nursing facility to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission	32
Substantial reduction of healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) rates after conversion of a hospital for exclusive treatment of COVID-19 patients	32
Impact of building closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on Legionella infection risks	31
A systematic review of chlorine-based surface disinfection efficacy to inform recommendations for low-resource outbreak settings	30
Clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognosticators in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19	29
Readability, content, and quality of COVID-19 patient education materials from academic medical centers in the United States	29
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital onset bloodstream infections (HOBSI) at a large health system	29
Use of powered air-purifying respirator(PAPR) as part of protective equipment against SARS-CoV-2-a narrative review and critical appraisal of evidence	28
The use of drones for the delivery of diagnostic test kits and medical supplies to remote First Nations communities during Covid-19	28
Face mask fit modifications that improve source control performance	28
COVID-19 vaccination coverage among hospital-based healthcare personnel reported through the Department of Health and Human Services Unified Hospital Data Surveillance System, United States, January 2	28
Light-guided nudging and data-driven performance feedback improve hand hygiene compliance among nurses and doctors	28
Face touching in the time of COVID-19 in Shiraz, Iran	27
Epidemiological characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak in a secondary hospital in Spain	27
The role of close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the SARS-CoV-2 transmission: an emphasis on the percentage of nonevaluated positivity in Mexico	27
Psychological experience of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis	26
Bioaerosol sampling of a ventilated patient with COVID-19	26
Rational perspectives on risk and certainty for dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic	25
Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic	24
Isolation of extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from environmental surfaces inside intensive care units	24
Impact of COVID-19 on an infection prevention and control program, Iowa 2020-2021	24
Availability and crisis standards of care for personal protective equipment during fall 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic: A national study by the APIC COVID-19 task force	23
Outbreak of COVID-19 and interventions in a large jail — Cook County, IL, United States, 2020	23
The impact of visitor restrictions on health care-associated respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of a tertiary hospital in Singapore	22
How common are indwelling devices in hospitalized adults? A contemporary point prevalence study in a tertiary care hospital	22
Infection prevention and control practices in the home environment: Examining enablers and barriers to adherence among home health care nurses	22
Hospital affiliated long term care facility COVID-19 containment strategy by using prevalence testing and infection control best practices	21
A systematic scoping review of the cost-impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) intervention bundles in intensive care	21
Stopping the routine use of contact precautions for management of MRSA and VRE at three academic medical centers: An interrupted time series analysis	21
Impact of extended use and decontamination with vaporized hydrogen peroxide on N95 respirator fit	20
The impact of statewide school closures on COVID-19 infection rates	20
Risk factors for isolation of multi-drug resistant organisms in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A multicenter study	20
Non-ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia incidence and health outcomes among U.S. veterans from 2016-2020	20

The impact of healthcare-associated infections on mortality in ICU: A prospective study in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East	20
Does the removal of contact precautions for MRSA and VRE infected patients change health care-associated infection rate?: A systematic review and meta-analysis	20
Fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies	19
Impact of COVID-19 on hospital acquired infections	19
SARS-Cov-2 seroprevalence and risk factors among health care workers: Estimating the risk of COVID-19 dedicated units	19
A hybrid model integrating warm heat and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation might efficiently disinfect respirators and personal protective equipment	19
Use of carbon dioxide measurements to assess ventilation in an acute care hospital	19
Containment of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex outbreak in a COVID-19 intensive care unit	19
Early prediction of central line associated bloodstream infection using machine learning	19
Vapourized hydrogen peroxide decontamination in a hospital setting inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E without compromising filtration efficiency of unexpired N95 respirators	18
Facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Black and Hispanic individuals in New York: A qualitative study	18
Effects of nursing organizational culture and job stress on Korean infection control nurses’ turnover intention	18
Infection preventionists’ experiences during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from focus groups conducted with Association of Professionals in Infection Control & Epidemiol	18
Shining a light on the pathogenicity of health care providers' mobile phones: Use of a novel ultraviolet-C wave disinfection device	18
A review of wipes used to disinfect hard surfaces in health care facilities	18
All alone: A qualitative study of home health aides' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York	18
Hand hygiene performance in an intensive care unit before and during the COVID-19 pandemic	18
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination of hospital-use-only mobile phones and efficacy of 222-nm ultraviolet disinfection	18
Impact of visitation and cohorting policies to shield residents from covid-19 spread in care homes: an agent-based model	17
Personal protective equipment implementation in healthcare: A scoping review	17
Patient education on infection control: A systematic review	17
Distribution of spreading viruses during COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of mitigation strategies	17
Evaluation of disinfection procedures in a designated hospital for COVID-19	17
Personal protective equipment in Covid-19: Evidence-based quality and analysis of YouTube videos after one year of pandemic	17
Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another nightmare	16
Assessing the clinical accuracy of a hand hygiene system: Learnings from a validation study	16
Increase of blood culture contamination during COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective descriptive study	16
Who has not been vaccinated, fully vaccinated, or boosted for COVID-19?	15
Catheter securement impact on PICC-related CLABSI: A university hospital perspective	15
An evaluation of cleaning practices at a teaching hospital	15
SARS-CoV-2 Detection in air samples from inside heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems- COVID surveillance in student dorms	14
Physicians’ compliance for hand hygiene in medical outpatient clinics: automated hand-hygiene monitoring with touch sensor and wireless internet	14
Environmental cleaning and disinfection of hospital rooms: A nationwide survey	14
Universal symptom monitoring to address presenteeism in healthcare workers	14
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers	14
Efficacy of an antimicrobial surface coating against human coronavirus 229E and SARS-CoV-2	14
Novel manufacturing of simple masks in response to international shortages: Bacterial and particulate filtration efficiency testing	14
Management practices for leaders to promote infection prevention: Lessons from a qualitative study	14
Trends in COVID-19 vaccination receipt and intention to vaccinate, United States, April to August, 2021	14
The effectiveness of serious games designed for infection prevention and promotion of safe behaviors of senior nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic	14
Hospital-acquired Legionella pneumonia outbreak at an academic medical center: Lessons learned	14
Virtual reality as a learning tool for improving infection control procedures	14
Effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship interventions on early switch from intravenous-to-oral antimicrobials in hospitalized adults: A systematic review	14
Associations among infection prevention professionals' mental/physical health, lifestyle behaviors, shift length, race, and workplace wellness support during COVID-19	14
Mask use among health care workers and feelings of safety at work pre- and post- COVID-19 vaccine	13
Recruitment and hiring practices in United States infection prevention and control departments: Results of a national survey	13
The effects of trained observers (dofficers) and audits during a facility-wide COVID-19 outbreak: A mixed-methods quality improvement analysis	13
Halting a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a US Veterans Affairs nursing home	13
When planning meets reality: COVID-19 interpandemic survey of Michigan Nursing Homes	13
Is it safe and effective to administer COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis	13
Implementation of a nurse-driven antibiotic engagement tool in 3 hospitals	13
Carbapenem-Resistant enterobacterales in individuals with and without health care risk factors —Emerging infections program, United States, 2012-2015	13
Developing and implementing an infection prevention and control program for a COVID-19 alternative care site in Philadelphia, PA	13
Comparison of filtration efficiency and respiratory resistance of COVID-19 protective masks by multi-national standards	13
Implementation of an external female urinary catheter as an alternative to an indwelling urinary catheter	13
The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on case fatality rates in a city in Southern Brazil	12
Transmission route of rhinovirus - the causative agent for common cold. A systematic review	12
Operating room air delivery design to protect patient and surgical site results in particles released at surgical table having greater concentration along walls of the room than at the instrument tray	12
Prolonged persistence of PCR-detectable virus during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in an inpatient geriatric psychiatry unit in King County, Washington	12
First reported outbreak of the emerging pathogen Candida auris in Canada	12
The powder keg: Lessons learned about clinical staff preparedness during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic	12
Impact of the modification of a cleaning and disinfection method of mechanical ventilators of COVID-19 patients and ventilator-associated pneumonia: One year of experience	12
Efficacy of flexible endoscope drying using novel endoscope test articles that allow direct visualization of the internal channel systems	12
A novel framework to guide antibiotic stewardship nursing practice	12
P2/N95 filtering facepiece respirators: Results of a large-scale quantitative mask fit testing program in Australian health care workers	12
Paediatric nurses’, children's and parents’ adherence to infection prevention and control and knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship: A systematic review	12
Waste management in an Italian Hospital's operating theatres: An observational study	12
Side effects of messenger RNA vaccines and prior history of COVID-19, a cross-sectional study	12
Respiratory syncytial virus nosocomial outbreak in neonatal intensive care: A review of the incidence, management, and outcomes	12
Effectiveness and real-world materials compatibility of a novel hydrogen peroxide disinfectant cleaner	12
Treatment with dry hydrogen peroxide accelerates the decay of severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 on non-porous hard surfaces	12
What makes people intend to take protective measures against influenza? Perceived risk, efficacy, or trust in authorities	12
Evaluation of virucidal activity of residual quaternary ammonium-treated surfaces on SARS-CoV-2	12
A 21st century view of infection control in everyday settings: Moving from the Germ Theory of Disease to the Microbial Theory of Health	11
Staphylococcus aureus colonization increases the risk of bacteremia in hemodialysis patients: a molecular epidemiology approach with time-dependent analysis	11
The utility of frailty indices in predicting the risk of health care associated infections: A systematic review	11
Education, training, and knowledge of infection control among endoscopy technicians and nurses	11
Clinical characteristics and symptom duration among outpatients with COVID-19	11
High rate of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) among COVID-19 patients presenting with bacteremia upon hospital admission	11
Harnessing implementation science to optimize harm prevention in critically ill children: A pilot study of bedside nurse CLABSI bundle performance in the pediatric intensive care unit	11

Filtration efficiency of surgical sterilization fabric for respiratory protection during COVID-19 pandemic	11
3D-printed protected face shields for health care workers in Covid-19 pandemic	11
Case-control study evaluating risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreak amongst healthcare personnel at a tertiary care center	11
Navigating reflex urine culture practices in community hospitals: Need for a validated approach	11
Hand hygiene feedback impacts compliance	11
Needleless connector decontamination for prevention of central venous access device infection: A pilot randomized controlled trial	11
Analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks in 3 long-term care facilities in Graz, Austria	11
Community hospital stethoscope cleaning practices and contamination rates	11
Understanding the needs of health care workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 outbreak: A qualitative analysis	11
Environmental detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from medical equipment in long-term care facilities undergoing COVID-19 outbreaks	11
The impact of health care provider relationships and communication dynamics on urinary tract infection management and antibiotic utilization for long-term care facility residents treated in the emerge	10
Risk factors for fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains among patients at hospital admission	10
UV-C tower for point-of-care decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators	10
Review of aerosolized hydrogen peroxide, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide gas plasma in the decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators	10
Implementation of colon surgical site infection prevention bundle—The successes and challenges	10
The effect of disinfectants on the microbial community on environmental healthcare surfaces using next generation sequencing	10
The effect of hand hygiene audit in COVID intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in South India	10
Environmental testing for SARS-CoV-2 in three tertiary-care hospitals during the peak of the third COVID-19 wave	10
Practice and exploration of infection prevention and control measures based on risk management of surgical patients during the epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	10
Hospital admission patterns of adult patients with complicated urinary tract infections who present to the hospital by disease acuity and comorbid conditions: How many admissions are potentially avoid	10
Disinfectant use by K-12 school staff to combat SARS-CoV-2	10
Klebsiella pneumoniae survives on surfaces as a dry biofilm	10
Clinical evaluation of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system	10
Systematic review of ultrasound gel associated Burkholderia cepacia complex outbreaks: Clinical presentation, sources and control of outbreak	10
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled air using non-invasive embedded strips in masks	10
Evaluating the virucidal activity of four disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2	10
Self-reported survey on infection prevention and control structures in healthcare facilities part of a national level healthcare associated infection surveillance network in India, 2019	10
ESKAPE bacteria characterization reveals the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks in COVID-19/VAP patients	10
Toilet plume bioaerosols in health care and hospitality settings: A systematic review	10
Choosing wisely initiative for reducing urine cultures for asymptomatic bacteriuria and catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria in an 11-hospital safety net system	10
Effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide on reducing environmental microbial bioburden risk in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit	10
Variability in infection surveillance methods and impact on surgical site infection rates	10
Nurse practitioners as antibiotic stewards: Examining prescribing patterns and perceptions	10
Surveillance testing reveals a significant proportion of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic	10
The prevalence of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel in an adult and pediatric academic medical center	10
The feasibility of procalcitonin and CPIS score to reduce inappropriate antibiotics use among severe-critically ill COVID-19 pneumonia patients: A pilot study	10
National Infection Control Program in Turkey: The healthcare associated infection rate experiences over 10 years	10
Novel outpatient antibiotic prescribing report of respiratory infections in a pediatric health system's emergency departments and urgent care clinics	10
Contact tracing as a measure to combat COVID-19 and other infectious diseases	10
Medical masks’ and respirators’ pattern of use, adverse effects and errors among Portuguese health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study	10
Factors associated with environmental service worker cleaning practices in health care settings: A systematic review of the literature	10
In-use contamination of a hospital-grade disinfectant	10
Occurrence of respiratory viruses on school desks	9
Effects of screening strategies to detect carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria: A systematic review	9
Recommendations for change in infection prevention programs and practice	9
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia outbreak with a commercial blood gas injector as the culprit and interventions for source and prevention: A possible passage between patient and ECMO water heater device	9
Identification and resistance profile of bacteria isolated on stethoscopes by health care professionals: Systematic review	9
Demystifying theoretical concerns involving respirators with exhalation valves during COVID-19 pandemic	9
Viral transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 accelerates in the winter, similarly to influenza epidemics	9
A description of the first Candida auris-colonized individuals in New York State, 2016-2017	9
Infection preventionist retention and professional development strategies: Insights from a national survey	9
Association of masking policies with mask adherence and distancing during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic	9
Droplet dispersal in decontamination areas of instrument reprocessing suites	9
Building a personal protective equipment monitor team as part of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention strategy	9
A multiphase intervention of novel color additive for bleach disinfectant wipes improves thoroughness of cleaning in an academic medical center	9
Challenges and opportunities in recruiting, hiring and training infection preventionists across facility settings	9
Learning to interact with new technology: Health care workers’ experiences of using a monitoring system for assessing hand hygiene – a grounded theory study	9
The impact of replacing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated on infection rate, nurse satisfaction, and costs in CCU, Step-Down, and Oncology units	9
Fungal superinfection in patients with COVID-19: Role of antifungal stewardship?	9
Impact of vaccination and the omicron variant on COVID-19 severity in pregnant women	9
Surgical outcomes inchildren with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis	9
Asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 in a confined adult community population in Quebec: A cross-sectional study	9
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices around hand drying in public bathrooms during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States	9
Prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis in health workers: A systematic review of the literature	9
Utilizing behavioral theories to explain hospital visitors’ observed hand hygiene behavior	9
Evaluating the effect of automated hand hygiene technology on compliance and C. difficile rates in a long-term acute care hospital	9
Integrating antibiotic stewardship and infection prevention and control programs using a team science approach	9
Evaluation of dry hydrogen peroxide in reducing microbial bioburden in a healthcare facility	8
How many lives do COVID vaccines save? Evidence from Israel	8
Uptake and impact of vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers-evidence from a multicentre study	8
Nondetection of SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces of public areas next to COVID-19 hospitalization units	8
Perils and pitfalls of probiotic quasi-experimental studies for primary prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection: A review of the evidence	8
SEE the DIFFerence: Reducing unnecessary C. difficile orders through clinical decision support in a large, urban safety-net system	8
Effect of sodium hypochlorite on biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae with different drug resistance	8
Visualizing and assessing US county-level COVID19 vulnerability	8
Midline catheters: A 3-year experience at a veterans administration medical center	8
Proposed metrics to benchmark antibiotic prescribing in pediatric outpatient settings	8
Results of an international pilot survey on health care environmental hygiene at the facility level	8
Additional medical costs associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in an intensive care unit in Japan	8
Effect of educational intervention on nurses’ perception and practice of antimicrobial stewardship programs	8
Duration or technique to improve the effectiveness of children' hand hygiene: A randomized controlled trial	8
SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid tests and universal screening for COVID-19 Omicron variant among hospitalized children	8
An assessment of outpatient clinic room ventilation systems and possible relationship to disease transmission	8
Utilizing the electronic health records to create a syndromic staff surveillance system during the COVID-19 outbreak	8
Adherence to the central line bundle in intensive care: An integrative review	8
Rural infection preventionists’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from focus groups conducted with association of professionals in infection control & epidemiology (APIC) members	8
Occupational COVID-19 exposures and secondary cases among healthcare personnel	8
Lesson learned from China regarding use of personal protective equipment	8
Direct COVID-19 infection of enterocytes: The role of hypochlorhydria	8
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles functionalized with amikacin applied against multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii	8
APIC Megasurvey 2020: Methodology and overview of results	8
Contingency planning for health care worker masks in case of medical supply chain failure: Lessons learned in novel mask manufacturing from COVID-19 pandemic	8
Rewarding and recognizing frontline staff for success in infection prevention	8
The environment has effects on infrared temperature screening for COVID-19 infection	8
Effectiveness of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile surface contamination in a Japanese hospital	8