IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Article	Citations
Graph Convolutional Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification	1020
More Diverse Means Better: Multimodal Deep Learning Meets Remote-Sensing Imagery Classification	813
SpectralFormer: Rethinking Hyperspectral Image Classification With Transformers	447
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection With Transformers	296
Multiscale Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification	281
Residual Spectral–Spatial Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification	276
Spectral–Spatial Attention Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification	245
Align Deep Features for Oriented Object Detection	231
Invariant Attribute Profiles: A Spatial-Frequency Joint Feature Extractor for Hyperspectral Image Classification	229
Attention-Based Adaptive Spectral–Spatial Kernel ResNet for Hyperspectral Image Classification	227
Hyperspectral Image Classification With Convolutional Neural Network and Active Learning	221
Attentional Local Contrast Networks for Infrared Small Target Detection	214
Hyperspectral Image Classification With Attention-Aided CNNs	205
Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using Coupled CNNs	202
TEMDnet: A Novel Deep Denoising Network for Transient Electromagnetic Signal With Signal-to-Image Transformation	201
Change Detection in Multisource VHR Images via Deep Siamese Convolutional Multiple-Layers Recurrent Neural Network	195
LANet: Local Attention Embedding to Improve the Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images	190
Spectral–Spatial Feature Tokenization Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification	186
FMSSD: Feature-Merged Single-Shot Detection for Multiscale Objects in Large-Scale Remote Sensing Imagery	183
Dimensionality Reduction With Enhanced Hybrid-Graph Discriminant Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	182
Optical Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on Attention Mechanism and Image Difference	182
A Deeply Supervised Attention Metric-Based Network and an Open Aerial Image Dataset for Remote Sensing Change Detection	180
Nonlocal Graph Convolutional Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification	171
An Anchor-Free Method Based on Feature Balancing and Refinement Network for Multiscale Ship Detection in SAR Images	167
A Feature Difference Convolutional Neural Network-Based Change Detection Method	164

Ship Detection in Large-Scale SAR Images Via Spatial Shuffle-Group Enhance Attention	162
Multisource Data Reconstruction-Based Deep Unsupervised Hashing for Unisource Remote Sensing Image Retrieval	160
SemiCDNet: A Semisupervised Convolutional Neural Network for Change Detection in High Resolution Remote-Sensing Images	159
Few-Shot Hyperspectral Image Classification With Unknown Classes Using Multitask Deep Learning	158
CNN-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network With Pixel- and Superpixel-Level Feature Fusion for Hyperspectral Image Classification	157
Nonoverflow Representation of Electromagnetic Field From Dipole Source in Cylindrical Media With Uniaxial Anisotropy	150
Joint Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using Hierarchical Random Walk and Deep CNN Architecture	140
MAP-Net: Multiple Attending Path Neural Network for Building Footprint Extraction From Remote Sensed Imagery	140
Detail Injection-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Pansharpening	137
Learning Center Probability Map for Detecting Objects in Aerial Images	135
Convolutional Autoencoder for Spectral–Spatial Hyperspectral Unmixing	132
An Effective Evaluation Tool for Hyperspectral Target Detection: 3D Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis	131
Convolutional Neural Networks for Multimodal Remote Sensing Data Classification	130
Hyperspectral Image Denoising via Tensor Low-Rank Prior and Unsupervised Deep Spatial–Spectral Prior	130
Super-Resolution Mapping Based on Spatial–Spectral Correlation for Spectral Imagery	127
FPGA: Fast Patch-Free Global Learning Framework for Fully End-to-End Hyperspectral Image Classification	125
Relation Matters: Relational Context-Aware Fully Convolutional Network for Semantic Segmentation of High-Resolution Aerial Images	124
Swin Transformer Embedding UNet for Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation	122
Deep Learning Inversion of Electrical Resistivity Data	121
PSGAN: A Generative Adversarial Network for Remote Sensing Image Pan-Sharpening	121
Hyperspectral Image Denoising Using a 3-D Attention Denoising Network	120
Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profile Data Denoiser Based on Convolutional Neural Network	120
Spectral Superresolution of Multispectral Imagery With Joint Sparse and Low-Rank Learning	116
Spatial–Spectral Feature Extraction via Deep ConvLSTM Neural Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification	116
Heterogeneous Transfer Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Network	116
Hyperspectral Image Classification With Context-Aware Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network	116
Automatic Weakly Supervised Object Detection From High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images via Dynamic Curriculum Learning	116
Discriminative Reconstruction Constrained Generative Adversarial Network for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection	114
What, Where, and How to Transfer in SAR Target Recognition Based on Deep CNNs	113
Dimensionality Reduction and Classification of Hyperspectral Image via Multistructure Unified Discriminative Embedding	113
Local Similarity-Based Spatial–Spectral Fusion Hyperspectral Image Classification With Deep CNN and Gabor Filtering	113
Building Change Detection in VHR SAR Images via Unsupervised Deep Transcoding	112
DLA-MatchNet for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification	110
Hyperspectral Image Denoising With Total Variation Regularization and Nonlocal Low-Rank Tensor Decomposition	110
Polarization Estimation With Vector Sensor Array in the Underdetermined Case	108
DABNet: Deformable Contextual and Boundary-Weighted Network for Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Images	105
Multiattention Network for Semantic Segmentation of Fine-Resolution Remote Sensing Images	104
Coupled Convolutional Neural Network With Adaptive Response Function Learning for Unsupervised Hyperspectral Super Resolution	104
An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method Towards Multi-Level Features and Decision Boundaries for Cross-Scene Hyperspectral Image Classification	99
CFC-Net: A Critical Feature Capturing Network for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection in Remote-Sensing Images	99
Scene-Driven Multitask Parallel Attention Network for Building Extraction in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images	99
Anchor-Free Oriented Proposal Generator for Object Detection	99
Classification of Hyperspectral Images via Multitask Generative Adversarial Networks	98
Transceive Beamforming With Accurate Nulling in FDA-MIMO Radar for Imaging	98
Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on 3-D Octave Convolution With Spatial–Spectral Attention Network	98
Ensemble Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Tangent Collaborative Representation	95
Deep Feature Fusion via Two-Stream Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification	95
Semantic Segmentation of Large-Size VHR Remote Sensing Images Using a Two-Stage Multiscale Training Architecture	94
Fusion of Dual Spatial Information for Hyperspectral Image Classification	93
Distributed Scatterer Interferometry With the Refinement of Spatiotemporal Coherence	93

Deep Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	93
Study of Systematic Bias in Measuring Surface Deformation With SAR Interferometry	92
A Novel Pattern for Infrared Small Target Detection With Generative Adversarial Network	92
SSR-NET: Spatial–Spectral Reconstruction Network for Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion	91
A Single Model CNN for Hyperspectral Image Denoising	91
Coupled Adversarial Training for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution	91
Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Mixed Convolutions and Covariance Pooling	89
Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution via Mixed High-Order Attention Network	87
New Observations From the SWIM Radar On-Board CFOSAT: Instrument Validation and Ocean Wave Measurement Assessment	87
Hyperspectral Image Denoising and Anomaly Detection Based on Low-Rank and Sparse Representations	86
Simultaneous Road Surface and Centerline Extraction From Large-Scale Remote Sensing Images Using CNN-Based Segmentation and Tracing	85
Spectral–Spatial Transformer Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification: A Factorized Architecture Search Framework	84
Exploring the Relationship Between 2D/3D Convolution for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution	84
RSVQA: Visual Question Answering for Remote Sensing Data	84
Infrared Dim and Small Target Detection via Multiple Subspace Learning and Spatial-Temporal Patch-Tensor Model	83
FEC: A Feature Fusion Framework for SAR Target Recognition Based on Electromagnetic Scattering Features and Deep CNN Features	83
Multisource Compensation Network for Remote Sensing Cross-Domain Scene Classification	83
Progressive Contextual Instance Refinement for Weakly Supervised Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images	83
Double-Factor-Regularized Low-Rank Tensor Factorization for Mixed Noise Removal in Hyperspectral Image	82
Joint Analysis and Weighted Synthesis Sparsity Priors for Simultaneous Denoising and Destriping Optical Remote Sensing Images	82
ColorMapGAN: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation Using Color Mapping Generative Adversarial Networks	81
Hyperspectral Pansharpening Using Deep Prior and Dual Attention Residual Network	81
Dense Dilated Convolutions’ Merging Network for Land Cover Classification	81
Fast and Latent Low-Rank Subspace Clustering for Hyperspectral Band Selection	81
TGNet: Geometric Graph CNN on 3-D Point Cloud Segmentation	80
Cross-Scene Hyperspectral Image Classification With Discriminative Cooperative Alignment	80
Hybrid Multiple Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation in Aerial Images	80
Road Segmentation for Remote Sensing Images Using Adversarial Spatial Pyramid Networks	80
A Fast Neighborhood Grouping Method for Hyperspectral Band Selection	80
Multiscale Residual Network With Mixed Depthwise Convolution for Hyperspectral Image Classification	80
Infrared Small Target Detection via Nonconvex Tensor Fibered Rank Approximation	79
SwinSUNet: Pure Transformer Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection	79
Well-Logging Constrained Seismic Inversion Based on Closed-Loop Convolutional Neural Network	78
Assessing the Threat of Adversarial Examples on Deep Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Scene Classification: Attacks and Defenses	78
Transformer and CNN Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Semantic Segmentation of Very-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery	78
RRNet: Relational Reasoning Network With Parallel Multiscale Attention for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images	77
Hybrid Inference Network for Few-Shot SAR Automatic Target Recognition	77
Data-Driven Seismic Waveform Inversion: A Study on the Robustness and Generalization	77
Adaptive Spectral–Spatial Multiscale Contextual Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification	76
Transfer Learning for SAR Image Classification Via Deep Joint Distribution Adaptation Networks	76
PLADE: A Plane-Based Descriptor for Point Cloud Registration With Small Overlap	76
Multimodal GANs: Toward Crossmodal Hyperspectral–Multispectral Image Segmentation	76
Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Using Novel Dense-Sampling Networks	76
DeepSUM: Deep Neural Network for Super-Resolution of Unregistered Multitemporal Images	76
Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Robust Phase Gradient Estimation for Two-Dimensional Phase Unwrapping Using SAR Interferograms	75
Superpixel-Based Reweighted Low-Rank and Total Variation Sparse Unmixing for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery	74
A Cascade Rotated Anchor-Aided Detector for Ship Detection in Remote Sensing Images	74
TransUNetCD: A Hybrid Transformer Network for Change Detection in Optical Remote-Sensing Images	74
Deep Hash Learning for Remote Sensing Image Retrieval	74
RSNet: The Search for Remote Sensing Deep Neural Networks in Recognition Tasks	74
Ghostnet for Hyperspectral Image Classification	73
Scene-Adaptive Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Using a Multiscale Attention Network	73
Improved Supervised Learning-Based Approach for Leaf and Wood Classification From LiDAR Point Clouds of Forests	73
Spatial and Spectral Joint Super-Resolution Using Convolutional Neural Network	72
Deep Multiview Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	72
Information Fusion for Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using IP-CNN	72
HED-UNet: Combined Segmentation and Edge Detection for Monitoring the Antarctic Coastline	72
Landslide Recognition by Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Change Detection	72
Remote Sensing Image Spatiotemporal Fusion Using a Generative Adversarial Network	72
Super-Resolution-Guided Progressive Pansharpening Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network	71
Hybrid Deep-Learning Network for Rapid On-Site Peak Ground Velocity Prediction	70
CyCU-Net: Cycle-Consistency Unmixing Network by Learning Cascaded Autoencoders	70
Feedback Attention-Based Dense CNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification	70
Auto-AD: Autonomous Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Network Based on Fully Convolutional Autoencoder	70
Lightweight Spectral–Spatial Squeeze-and- Excitation Residual Bag-of-Features Learning for Hyperspectral Classification	70
ICIF-Net: Intra-Scale Cross-Interaction and Inter-Scale Feature Fusion Network for Bitemporal Remote Sensing Images Change Detection	69
Graph Convolutional Subspace Clustering: A Robust Subspace Clustering Framework for Hyperspectral Image	69
Autoencoder and Adversarial-Learning-Based Semisupervised Background Estimation for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection	68
HOG-ShipCLSNet: A Novel Deep Learning Network With HOG Feature Fusion for SAR Ship Classification	68
Triplet Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Pixel-Level Classification of VHR Remote Sensing Images	68
The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation	68
Saliency-Guided Single Shot Multibox Detector for Target Detection in SAR Images	68
Image Reconstruction With Deep CNN for Mirrored Aperture Synthesis	68
Extended Vision Transformer (ExViT) for Land Use and Land Cover Classification: A Multimodal Deep Learning Framework	68
An Improved Rainfall Forecasting Model Based on GNSS Observations	68
Hyperspectral Image Denoising Based on Global and Nonlocal Low-Rank Factorizations	67
Hyperspectral Band Selection via Optimal Neighborhood Reconstruction	67
TCANet: Triple Context-Aware Network for Weakly Supervised Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images	67
Bayesian-Deep-Learning Estimation of Earthquake Location From Single-Station Observations	66
Hyperspectral Classification With Noisy Label Detection via Superpixel-to-Pixel Weighting Distance	66

CERES MODIS Cloud Product Retrievals for Edition 4—Part I: Algorithm Changes	66
Deep Image Translation With an Affinity-Based Change Prior for Unsupervised Multimodal Change Detection	66
Enhanced Feature Pyramid Network With Deep Semantic Embedding for Remote Sensing Scene Classification	66
CDnetV2: CNN-Based Cloud Detection for Remote Sensing Imagery With Cloud-Snow Coexistence	66
Real-Time Processing of Spaceborne SAR Data With Nonlinear Trajectory Based on Variable PRF	66
Stagewise Unsupervised Domain Adaptation With Adversarial Self-Training for Road Segmentation of Remote-Sensing Images	65
ABNet: Adaptive Balanced Network for Multiscale Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery	65
Object Saliency-Aware Dual Regularized Correlation Filter for Real-Time Aerial Tracking	65
Spatiotemporal Fusion of Land Surface Temperature Based on a Convolutional Neural Network	64
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection via Deep Plug-and-Play Denoising CNN Regularization	64
Hyperspectral Image Transformer Classification Networks	64
Category-Wise Fusion and Enhancement Learning for Multimodal Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation	64
LRR-Net: An Interpretable Deep Unfolding Network for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection	64
A Deep Multitask Learning Framework Coupling Semantic Segmentation and Fully Convolutional LSTM Networks for Urban Change Detection	64
Semi-Supervised Locality Preserving Dense Graph Neural Network With ARMA Filters and Context-Aware Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	64
SCViT: A Spatial-Channel Feature Preserving Vision Transformer for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification	64
Deep Subpixel Mapping Based on Semantic Information Modulated Network for Urban Land Use Mapping	64
ADDCNN: An Attention-Based Deep Dilated Convolutional Neural Network for Seismic Facies Analysis With Interpretable Spatial–Spectral Maps	63
Self-Supervised Learning With Adaptive Distillation for Hyperspectral Image Classification	63
SPNet: Siamese-Prototype Network for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification	63
Target-Constrained Interference-Minimized Band Selection for Hyperspectral Target Detection	63
Generative Adversarial Network-Based Full-Space Domain Adaptation for Land Cover Classification From Multiple-Source Remote Sensing Images	63
Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Attention-Based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network	63
GPRInvNet: Deep Learning-Based Ground-Penetrating Radar Data Inversion for Tunnel Linings	62
Multiscale Diff-Changed Feature Fusion Network for Hyperspectral Image Change Detection	62
L(1/2) Regularization for ISAR Imaging and Target Enhancement of Complex Image	62
Satellite Video Super-Resolution via Multiscale Deformable Convolution Alignment and Temporal Grouping Projection	62
Relation Network for Multilabel Aerial Image Classification	62
Perceiving Spectral Variation: Unsupervised Spectrum Motion Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	61
Pansharpening: Context-Based Generalized Laplacian Pyramids by Robust Regression	61
Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution by Band Attention Through Adversarial Learning	61
High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification via Key Filter Bank Based on Convolutional Neural Network	61
Hyperspectral and Multispectral Classification for Coastal Wetland Using Depthwise Feature Interaction Network	61
Adaptive Period Embedding for Representing Oriented Objects in Aerial Images	61
Superpixel Contracted Graph-Based Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification	61
Multi-Object Tracking in Satellite Videos With Graph-Based Multitask Modeling	60
Super-Resolution-Based Change Detection Network With Stacked Attention Module for Images With Different Resolutions	60
Omnidirectional Motion Classification With Monostatic Radar System Using Micro-Doppler Signatures	60
Deep Unsupervised Embedding for Remotely Sensed Images Based on Spatially Augmented Momentum Contrast	60
Multimodal Fusion Transformer for Remote Sensing Image Classification	60
RS-MetaNet: Deep Metametric Learning for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification	60
Reweighted Tensor Factorization Method for SAR Narrowband and Wideband Interference Mitigation Using Smoothing Multiview Tensor Model	60
Improved SMAP Dual-Channel Algorithm for the Retrieval of Soil Moisture	59
Multisensor Data Fusion for Cloud Removal in Global and All-Season Sentinel-2 Imagery	59
Dual-Aligned Oriented Detector	59
Iterative Training Sample Expansion to Increase and Balance the Accuracy of Land Classification From VHR Imagery	59
A Rotational Libra R-CNN Method for Ship Detection	58
Semisupervised Feature Extraction of Hyperspectral Image Using Nonlinear Geodesic Sparse Hypergraphs	58
Rethinking CNN-Based Pansharpening: Guided Colorization of Panchromatic Images via GANs	58
EikoNet: Solving the Eikonal Equation With Deep Neural Networks	58
BockNet: Blind-Block Reconstruction Network With a Guard Window for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection	58
Semisupervised Adaptive Ladder Network for Remote Sensing Image Change Detection	58
Temperature-Based and Radiance-Based Validation of the Collection 6 MYD11 and MYD21 Land Surface Temperature Products Over Barren Surfaces in Northwestern China	58
Small Target Detection in Infrared Videos Based on Spatio-Temporal Tensor Model	57
Spatial–Spectral Attention Network Guided With Change Magnitude Image for Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Sensing Images	57
SAR Image Despeckling by Noisy Reference-Based Deep Learning Method	57
Building Footprint Generation by Integrating Convolution Neural Network With Feature Pairwise Conditional Random Field (FPCRF)	57
Video SAR Moving Target Indication Using Deep Neural Network	57
Deep Cross-Modal Image–Voice Retrieval in Remote Sensing	57
A Patch-to-Pixel Convolutional Neural Network for Small Ship Detection With PolSAR Images	57
Unsupervised Recurrent Hyperspectral Imagery Super-Resolution Using Pixel-Aware Refinement	57
Unsupervised Pansharpening Based on Self-Attention Mechanism	56
Adversarial Instance Augmentation for Building Change Detection in Remote Sensing Images	56
Deep Metric Learning Based on Scalable Neighborhood Components for Remote Sensing Scene Characterization	56
Attention-Based Second-Order Pooling Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification	56
Selection of Optimal Building Facade Texture Images From UAV-Based Multiple Oblique Image Flows	56
Global and Local Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning for Semantic Segmentation of HR Remote Sensing Images	55
Graph Relation Network: Modeling Relations Between Scenes for Multilabel Remote-Sensing Image Classification and Retrieval	55
Adaptive DropBlock-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks for Hyperspectral Image Classification	55
Multi-Objective CNN-Based Algorithm for SAR Despeckling	55
Denoising the Optical Fiber Seismic Data by Using Convolutional Adversarial Network Based on Loss Balance	55
Simultaneous Cloud Detection and Removal From Bitemporal Remote Sensing Images Using Cascade Convolutional Neural Networks	55
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection With Robust Graph Autoencoders	55
Domain Adaptation Based on Correlation Subspace Dynamic Distribution Alignment for Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification	55
Separating the Structural Components of Maize for Field Phenotyping Using Terrestrial LiDAR Data and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks	55
Semisupervised Learning-Based SAR ATR via Self-Consistent Augmentation	54
Speckle2Void: Deep Self-Supervised SAR Despeckling With Blind-Spot Convolutional Neural Networks	54
Point-Based Estimator for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection in Aerial Images	54
Global Spatial and Local Spectral Similarity-Based Manifold Learning Group Sparse Representation for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification	54
Deep Spatial-Spectral Global Reasoning Network for Hyperspectral Image Denoising	54
Compatibility-Guided Sampling Consensus for 3-D Point Cloud Registration	54
Generative Adversarial Minority Oversampling for Spectral–Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification	54
Mutual Attention Inception Network for Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering	54
Toward Universal Stripe Removal via Wavelet-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network	54
Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Group-Aware Hierarchical Transformer	54
Semisupervised Spectral Learning With Generative Adversarial Network for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection	54
Passive WiFi Radar for Human Sensing Using a Stand-Alone Access Point	54
Multiscale CNN Based on Component Analysis for SAR ATR	53
Attention Multibranch Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Adaptive Region Search	53
A Flexible Reference-Insensitive Spatiotemporal Fusion Model for Remote Sensing Images Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network	53
IMNN-LWEC: A Novel Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Spatial–Temporal Tensor Model	53
AFNet: Adaptive Fusion Network for Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation	52
Stochastic Super-Resolution for Downscaling Time-Evolving Atmospheric Fields With a Generative Adversarial Network	52
Hyperspectral Imagery Classification Based on Contrastive Learning	52
Hashing Nets for Hashing: A Quantized Deep Learning to Hash Framework for Remote Sensing Image Retrieval	52