Geomorphology

Papers
(The TQCC of Geomorphology is 7. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-07-01 to 2026-07-01.)
ArticleCitations
Multivariate analysis of inlet morphodynamics: The mixed sand-gravel ebb-tidal delta of Deben Estuary, Suffolk192
Point cloud does matter. Selected issues of using airborne LiDAR elevation data in geomorphometric studies of rugged sandstone terrain under forest – Case study from Central Europe85
Editorial Board56
Reconstruction of historical suspended particulate matter contributions of Rhône River tributaries to the Mediterranean Sea54
Editorial Board52
Editorial Board43
Editorial Board41
Subsurface structures of solution dolines inferred from electrical resistivity tomography: A hypothesis on the evolutionary process of solution dolines at the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau, southwest Japan41
Quaternary fluvial archives from Asian rivers: Reflections of tectonic activity, crustal processes and climatic variation40
Editorial Board40
Plio-Pleistocene drainage reorganization in the middle Yellow River of China, revealed by provenance and paleocurrent analysis of fluvial sediments39
Hurricane-triggered cascading hazards: Geomorphic responses and flood hazard dynamics in a tropical mountain region39
Topographic constraints on the rock avalanche erosion mechanisms and sliding effects36
Rockfall susceptibility mapping from topography perspective combing slope units and physical model-based negative sample strategy in the Yangtze Three Gorges35
Late-Quaternary activity of parallel normal faults along the southern margin of the Yuguang Basin in the Shanxi Rift, China and its seismogeological implications35
Inventory of active rock glaciers and their distribution characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent mountainous regions34
Hydration caves and cavities from the recent weathering zone of anhydrites at Dingwall (Nova Scotia, Canada)34
Channel changes during and after extreme floods in two catchments of the Northern Apennines (Italy)33
Drainage evolution in porous carbonate terrain in semi-arid environments: The role of tectonics and climatic change – The case study of the Boukadir carbonate platform, Algeria33
Sediment export from an Alpine proglacial area under a changing climate: Budgets, rates, and geomorphological processes33
Mapping release and propagation areas of permafrost-related rock slope failures in the French Alps: A new methodological approach at regional scale32
Unveiling tropical slow-moving landslide response to seasonality and extreme meteorological events using a combination of InSAR and optical imagery: The case study of Grand Eboulis (Réunion island)31
Headwall scour hole erosion and overhanging mass collapse play critical roles in gully head retreat on grassland under surface flow30
Glacial to periglacial transition at the end of the last ice age in the subtropical semiarid Andes30
Remotely mapping gullying and incision in Maryland Piedmont headwater streams using repeat airborne lidar30
Spatio-temporal interpolation of ~530 Ma paleo-DEM to quantify denudation of a terrestrial impact crater30
Investigating cost-effective single-beam survey configurations for accurate river bathymetry construction29
Formation mechanism of loess-mudstone landslides in the Weibei Tableland Fault Active Zone of Baoji, China - Taking Wolongsi landslide as an example29
Tectonic influence on the evolutionary dynamics of deep-water channel systems along the active accretionary prism margin in the Rakhine Basin, Myanmar: A high-resolution 3d seismic analysis29
Challenges and opportunities of sediment budgeting using the River Sediment Budget Approach (RSBA): Three cases in Austrian gravel-bed river reaches29
Segmentation and deformation mechanisms of the North Tuole Shan fault in the Qilian Mountains: Insights from channel steepness index (k) and fault activity29
Reconstruction of Holocene relative sea-level from beach ridges of the central west coast of India using GPR and OSL dating29
Submerged reef and inter-reef morphology in the Western South Atlantic, Abrolhos Shelf (Brazil)28
Use of GIS tools, enhanced by FFT filtering methods, to detect blurred craters in Synthetic Digital Elevation Models, to improve their location and morphological characterisation28
CoMMa: A GIS geomorphometry toolbox to map and measure confined landforms28
Deformation and failure mechanisms of slopes in the Loess Plateau with structural planes under engineering excavation27
Quantifying five decades of shoreline change in relation to river sediment supply along the Phu Yen Coast, Central Vietnam27
What drives major channel widening in mountain rivers during floods? The role of debris floods during a high-magnitude event25
Spatial variation of surface erosion rate in a fault zone and its controlling factors25
The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 1: How mining changes erosion processes and variables25
Coastal cliff evolution: Modelling the long-term interplay between marine erosion, initial topography, and uplift in an arid environment25
How do international boundary river dynamics affect riparian land? Insights from the China-Russia Ussuri River24
An initial geopedological survey and description of historic raised beds in north-western Ireland24
Quantitative analysis the provenance of loess in the upper Hanjiang River, China: Evidence from heavy minerals and grain-size24
Distinctive shear zones demonstrate pervasive laminar cataclastic flow throughout the gigantic Iymek rock avalanche24
Infrared thermography monitoring of rock faces – Potential and pitfalls24
Editorial Board24
Spatial and temporal trends in California coastal cliff retreat24
From hypogenic to biogenic speleogenesis in semi-arid climate: Bat guano-driven carbonate weathering and cave modification in Chariton Cave, Israel24
On the mechanisms resulting in the formation of the Quaternary staircase terrace systems in the valleys of the western Andean margin of Peru24
Editorial Board23
A model-based characterization of confined meandering rivers23
Faster than an urban stream: Evaluating morphodynamics in urban channel reaches that have undergone form-based channel enhancement23
Editorial Board23
River adjustments, geomorphic sensitivity and management implications in the Waipā catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand23
The splash process in aeolian transport: Phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, advances and prospects22
Meandering river evolution in an unvegetated permafrost environment22
Spatial distribution and deposits of cliffs along the Brazilian semi-arid coast22
Quantifying the influencing factors on the spatiotemporal patterns of dune activity in the Tengger Desert, Northwestern China22
Are Palmira sand dunes related to Sangay volcano eruptions? New insights derived from sand dunes mapping using sentinel 2 data22
Soil denudation in the northwestern Negev (Israel) following the Late Byzantine – Early Islamic period22
Impact of vegetation cover on hydro-sedimentary fluxes in the marly badlands of the Southern Alps (Draix-Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, SE France)21
Luminescence chronology of subordinate dunes on the megadunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, North China21
Hydraulic geometry of Alpine streams channels20
Observing rock moisture changes using electrical resistivity tomography in frost weathering caves20
The effect of flood 2020 on the morphological changes of the Sadij River, Southeastern of Iran20
Analysis of floating objects based on non-intrusive measuring methods and machine learning20
Corrigendum to “The effect of flood 2020 on the morphological changes of the Sadij River, Southeastern of Iran” [Geomorphology 489 (2025) 109994]20
Ship-induced morphology along a maritime waterway in a micro-tidal environment20
Polygons with halite-crusted floors and gypsum-raised rims in western Qaidam Basin and implications for polygonal landforms on Mars20
Modeling the relative morphodynamic influence of vegetation and large wood in a dryland ephemeral stream, Arizona, USA19
Patterns of valley incision beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet revealed using automated mapping and classification19
Geoenvironmental conditioning of landsliding in river valleys of lowland regions and its significance in landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study in the Lower Vistula Valley, Northern Poland19
A morphometric analysis of embayed beaches: southern Sardinia Island19
Winds of opportunity: The effects of wind on intertidal flat accretion19
Gully system evolution in volcanic environments through digital elevation model comparisons: A case study from La Fossa Cone (Vulcano Island, Sicily)19
A review of large wood dynamics relevant to hazard characteristics for built structures19
Navigating uncertainty: Stochastic simulation prediction of the Yellow River tail channel (fluvial reach) and its implications on 21st century floodplain management19
Modelling the geomorphological evolution of coastal wetlands under rising sea levels: A reduced dimensional and multi-temporal evaluation19
Mapping stony rise landforms using a novel remote sensing, geophysical, and machine learning approach18
Reply to comment on “Turbulent structures at the bottom of the Gobi desert boundary layer and their impact on aeolian sand transport and dust emission” (Liang et al., 2025) by C. Keylock (2025)18
Mitigating scour around bridge piers in alluvial channels using inclined collars18
Alongshore runup variability across contrasting beach states: Insights from field observations18
A drumlin field at Fláajökull, Iceland: New insights from till shearing using magnetic fabrics18
Holocene soil erosion in response to climate variability in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau18
Mechanisms of rock slope failures triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and implications for landslide susceptibility18
Susceptibility assessment of soil-water hazard chain on a small catchment in gully region of Loess Plateau: Implications for artificially-induced mountaintop removal filling valley and geoheritage18
Source-to-sink patterns of grain size along the Yamuna River in the Indian Himalaya17
Late Pleistocene slip rate and subsurface fault-plane geometry of the Latgan Fold (Bole Basin, North Tian Shan, NW China) derived from a deformed cosmogenically dated alluvial fan17
Using a non-invasive multiple-method approach to characterize rock glaciers in the periglacial critical zone: An example from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado17
Channel morphology in an active volcanic complex under humid tropical conditions17
Editorial Board17
Obituary for Dr. Avijit Gupta (1942–2023)17
Editorial Board17
Quantifying the response of bankfull channel width to active faulting in the Qianhe Graben on the southwest margin of Ordos Block, China17
Origin and evolution of slope-confined canyons and their relationship with gas hydrate accumulation in the northwestern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea17
Influence of sedimentary processes and fault tectonics on the evolution of submarine canyons in the East Andaman Basin: Insights from high-resolution seismic data analysis17
Basaltic island evolution close to the limits of reef growth: Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific17
Editorial Board17
Editorial Board17
Historical aerial image photogrammetry for tracking past deformation of Reissenschuh deep-seated rock slide in Tyrol, Austria17
Reconstruction of aeolian sand processes at different scales utilizing the Scale-Independent Particle Tracking Velocimetry17
From sink to source: Late Quaternary landscape evolution and fluvial dynamics of the Hautapu River catchment, New Zealand16
Spatial variability of water-induced soil erosion under climate change and land use/cover dynamics: From assessing the past to foreseeing the future in the Mediterranean island of Crete16
Geomorphic assessment of sediment storage potential and mobilisation on the hillslopes of a mountain catchment: An example from Pranmati catchment, NW Himalaya16
Site-specific controls on rockfall activity: A case of study from north and south faces on the Pyrenees16
Power law models for rockfall frequency-magnitude distributions: review and identification of factors that influence the scaling exponent16
Landslides, bedrock incision and human-induced environmental changes in an extremely rapidly formed tropical river gorge16
How old are the Mojave topographic dunes? The implications of new luminescence dating analyses from the Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert, southwest USA16
Morphological characteristics and evolution processes of the blowouts on fine-grain armored paleodunes in the eastern Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau16
Quantifying spit growth and its hydrodynamic drivers in wind-dominated lake environments16
Land use changes impact on selected chemical denudation element and components of water cycle in small mountain catchment using SWAT model16
Lake-level responses to climate change in an inland basin in the Japanese Islands during the last 16 kyr15
From landform inventories to landscape evolution? - Karst development in the Central Styrian Karst (Austria)15
A channel shifting GIS toolbox for exploring floodplain dynamics through channel erosion and deposition15
Debris flow and long-term denudation rates in a tropical passive margin escarpment in South America15
A multi-sensor workflow for 3D geomorphological mapping and structural interpretation in karst cave environments15
Variation in the ITCZ position controls the evolution of the piedmont landscape of the tropical Andes (Colombia) during the late Quaternary15
A century of channel morphological adjustments in the western Bengal Basin: insights from the Mayurakshi River in Eastern India15
Landslide causative factors evaluation using GIS in the tectonically active Glafkos River area, northwestern Peloponnese, Greece15
The role of in-channel vegetation in driving and controlling the geomorphic changes along a gravel-bed river15
Detection of long-term slope displacement using time-series DInSAR and geological factor analysis for susceptibility assessment of landslides in northwestern Kyushu Island15
Editorial Board14
Morphological dynamics and vegetation interactions in coastal dunes: UAV-based insights from Pingtan Island, China14
Frost weathering in contemporary active-layer deposits—micro-scale records from Kaffiøyra Plain (NW Spitsbergen)14
Paraglacial conditions, climate and isostacy control river incision and terrace development; the example of the River Lune, NW England14
An abandoned road as a debris trap: Estimating debris-supply rate from steep slopes based on UAV–LiDAR DEMs14
Exploring the bio-geomorphological evolution of mega nourishments with a cellular automata model14
Assessing the control factors upon glacial valley development in southernmost Patagonia (Fuegian Andes of Argentina)14
The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 2: Modeling the influence of topography and vegetation14
Characteristics of landscape and erosion in the Eastern Pamir and their implications for regional fault connections14
Optimisation of the geobiodiversity index for protected natural areas in northern Portugal14
Soil moisture dynamics near a gully head in relation to the trigger of collapse in granite red soil slope in southern China14
Morphometric analysis of monogenetic volcanoes in the Garrotxa Volcanic Field, Iberian Peninsula14
Human-driven global geomorphic change14
Inferring rockfall frequency-magnitude relationships and talus accumulation times from lichenometric study of talus deposits, Glenwood Canyon, CO, USA14
Gully erosion susceptibility assessment and SHAP interpretability analysis in sloping farmland of soil-rock dual structure area: A case study of Yimeng Mountain area, China14
Assessment of methods for reconstructing Little Ice Age glacier surfaces on the examples of Novaya Zemlya and the Swiss Alps14
Seismically induced rockfall hazard from a physically based model and ground motion scenarios in Italy14
Internal structures of the Last Glacial Period multi-phase cold-climate aeolian dunes, Moravian Sahara, Czechia14
3D modeling-based area-volume power-law relationships for incipient rotational slides14
PSO-SLIC algorithm: A novel automated method for the generation of high-homogeneity slope units using DEM data14
Field evidence of the greatest disaster in Balinese history: The 1815 Geger Bali multi-hazard event in Buleleng14
Fluvial entrenchment of the Gonghe Basin and integration of the upper Yellow River - Evidence from the cosmogenically dated geomorphic surfaces14
Inferring on fluvial resilience from multi-temporal high-resolution topography and geomorphic unit diversity14
Source-to-sink sediment transport and geomorphic controls along large river systems14
On the effect of two-direction seasonal flows on barchans and the origin of occluded dunes14
Spatial variability of wave signatures and profile morphotypes of beaches in estuaries and bays across different tidal regimes13
Entrenchment of the Yellow River since the late Miocene under changing tectonics and climate13
A trans-scale simulation of aeolian sand flow – dune – dune field based on actual environmental wind field13
Editorial Board13
Bedform generation beneath shoaling nonlinear internal waves on a mild slope13
Assessing the effects of anthropogenesis on Appalachian flood severity: An eastern Kentucky case study13
Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia13
Editorial Board13
Divergent trends in fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations following improved land-use practices, southwest Washington State13
How did the Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River form?13
Reconstructing a 51-year record of catchment scale dissolved load for the Haast/Awarua River in the Southern Alps, New Zealand13
Evolution of deep-seated bedrock landslides in a deep canyon13
Editorial Board13
Editorial Board13
Hillslope surface classification from elevation models by using normal vectors13
Spatial variation in drainage area — Runoff relationships and implications for bankfull geometry scaling12
Fluvial-aeolian interactions in a partly confined reach of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet12
Editorial Board12
Testing the hypogenic hypothesis for the origin of granite multi-concave topography using electrical resistivity tomography: A case study from the Southern Albera Massif (Pyrenees, Spain)12
Sedimentary characteristics and formation of riverine source bordering dunes in a humid region: an example from the lower reaches of Kiso River, central Japan12
Medium-term quantification and mapping of eroded and sedimentation areas in two depressions located in Sierra de las Nieves (south of Spain)12
Millennial-scale coseismic landslide history inferred from topographic and stratigraphic features of a post-caldera cone of Aso Volcano in southwestern Japan12
Late Quaternary glacial history of the Panchachuli Glacier, Darma valley, Uttarakhand, Central Himalaya: Insights from geomorphic mapping and OSL Chronology12
Decadal evolution of mass movements in a Himalayan catchment after the catastrophic 2013 Kedarnath disaster12
Paleoseismic events and shallow subsurface structure of the central part of the Futagawa fault, which generated the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake12
Multi-year evolution of 75 snow and ice deposits in Schachtdolines and Shafts of recently deglaciated karst terrain: Observations from Mount Canin-Kanin, Julian Alps, Europe12
Tracking geomorphic changes after suburban development with a high density of green stormwater infrastructure practices in Montgomery County, Maryland12
The influence of weathering processes on microtopographic changes of sandstone under simulated upper intertidal conditions from weekly to monthly scales12
Terrain-driven circulation around megadune–lake system in China's Badain Jaran Sand Sea12
PG-Tools: A framework and an ArcGIS toolbox to standardize paleoglacier outlines and attributes12
Editorial Board12
Gneissic tors in the central European upland: Complex Late Pleistocene forms?12
Repeated failures of the giant Beshkiol Landslide and their impact on the long-term Naryn Basin floodings, Kyrgyz Tien Shan12
Lava deltas, a key landform in oceanic volcanic islands: El Hierro, Canary Islands12
Characteristics and selective mobility of bedload sheets12
The transformation between different modes of motion of particles in steady aeolian transport12
Strandline records of high frequency, low magnitude drops in water level, glacial Lake Agassiz basin, Central Polk County, MN, USA12
The role of monsoon in the long-term topographic evolution of East Asia (North China)12
Submarine geomorphology and processes: From coast to deep abyssal plains12
Special Issue “Fluvial geomorphology: Sediment transport, river management, and extreme events at different spatial and temporal scales”12
Assessment of piping-sinkhole development in a fluvial-terrace scarp retreat environment: A multi-temporal analysis on the lower Ticino River (Italy)12
Long-term denudation rate of karstic North Dalmatian Plain (Croatia) calculated from 36Cl cosmogenic nuclides12
Understanding aeolian processes across sand dunes with varying stoss slope: Wind tunnel experiments12
Editorial Board12
Anthropogenic disruption of sediment connectivity by embankment dams in the fast-eroding badland basin12
Quantifying geomorphic change in Andean river valleys using UAV-PPK-SfM techniques: An example from the western Peruvian Andes12
A novel hybrid model integrating high resolution remote sensing and stacking ensemble techniques for landslide susceptibility mapping: Application to event-based landslide inventory12
Inter-annual morphological evolution and volume changes of a meso- to macrotidal beach exhibiting multiple intertidal bars (MITB)12
Eastern Lomonosov Ridge: Constraints for a variable ice mass thickness during former glaciations11
Large-scale spatial variability in loess landforms and their evolution, Luohe River Basin, Chinese Loess Plateau11
Contourite distribution on the continental slope off NW Ireland, Rockall Trough (NE Atlantic Ocean): genesis and evolution11
Risk assessment of a glacial lake with abruptly slowing expansion, Jiongpu, Southeastern Tibet11
Poljes in the Sivas gypsum karst, Turkey11
Travertine and calcareous tufa occurrences as an indicator of the ongoing tectonic activity of the Central Slovak Fault System inferred from airborne laser scanning data, geomorphometric, and structur11
Permafrost degradation in the ice-wedge tundra terrace of Paulatuk Peninsula (Darnley Bay, Canada)11
Inventorying rock glaciers in the Western Himalaya, India, and assessing their hydrological significance11
Environmental factors controlling the Last Glacial multi-phase development of the Moravian Sahara dune field, Lower Moravian Basin, Central Europe11
Non-uniform dune development in the presence of standalone beach buildings11
“Fault dynamics and paleoseismic evidence in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayan foothills: A study of fault-controlled landscapes”11
Vertical reworking of sediment by the cased caddisfly Glossosomatidae (Agapetus fuscipes) increases sand exposure and availability in armoured gravel-bed rivers11
Valley-scale controls and hydrogeomorphic processes driving channel breakdown in a dynamic floodplain wetland system: The Mara River, Tanzania11
Corrigendum to “The encountering dune fields in a bidirectional flow system in the northwestern South China Sea: Pattern, morphology, and recent dynamics” [Geomorphology 406 (2022) 108210]11
Cliffs and ramparts: Persistent steep slopes in the landscape11
Mechanisms of glacier surges in the Central Himalayas uncovered using remote sensing and glacier modelling11
Characterizing the spatial variations of wind velocity and turbulence intensity around a single Tamarix tree11
Environmental control of the present-day sediment export along the extratropical Andes11
Reconstructing extreme Late Pleistocene floods in Morocco's Inaouène Valley reveals larger discharges during terrace aggradation than both incision and modern floods11
Current flow in low-energy coral forereef spurs and grooves11
Experimental study of sand splash-saltation process in different moisture11
Meta-analysis of a large bedload transport rate dataset11
Evolving glacier landsystems during Patagonian Ice Sheet recession influenced by a changing topographic setting11
Predicting urban channel morphology amidst multiple complexities11
Interaction between climatic conditions, water- and sediment-fluxes in an alpine basin: Long-term monthly and seasonal analysis11
Channel change during catastrophic flood: Example of Storm Alex in the Vésubie and Roya valleys11
Relationships between torrent check dam systems and shoreline dynamics in semi-arid Mediterranean area: A sub-regional focus in Calabria, Italy11
Sediment fluxes within salt marsh tidal creek systems in the Yangtze Estuary11
The role of riparian buffer width on sediment connectivity through windthrow in a boreal headwater stream11
Prolonged landscape stability sustained the continuous development of ancient civilizations in the Shuangji River valley of China's Central Plains11
Denudation of the Golan Heights basaltic terrain using in-situ 36Cl and OSL dating10
Multi-decadal changes in river morphology in an urbanizing watershed: Highland Creek, Toronto, Canada10
Editorial Board10
Toward an efficient framework for remote sensing of river bathymetry: Comparing sensors and algorithms on an inaccessible proglacial river in Alaska10
Hydraulics, sedimentation, and nutrient deposition within the middle Mississippi River Batture, USA10
Eastward drainage-divide migrations driven by the spatial variations in precipitation and tectonic uplift contribute to the formation of the Parallel Rivers in the Hengduan Mountains, Southeastern Tib10
Sources of suspended sediments in salt marsh creeks: Field measurements in China and the Netherlands10
Evaluation of geodiversity in the Brazilian Amazon using different quantification methodologies10
Unravelling litho-structural and tectonic influences on geomorphic and river longitudinal profile character in the Brahmani River Basin of eastern India10
Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches10
Editorial Board10
Centurial changes in channel processes and their contribution to the sediment budget of a lowland river: The influence of river regulations10
Stone artefacts on submerged land surfaces: A response to Larcombe et al.10
Rock and ice avalanche-generated catastrophic debris flow at Chamoli, 7 February 2021: New insights from the geomorphic perspective10
Late Eocene tectonic-geomorphic transition and its dynamic mechanism: Case study of the Beibuwan Basin, northern South China Sea10
Subglacial bedform and moat initiation beneath Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica10
Reconstructing depositional environments through cave interior facies: The case of Galería Complex (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)10
Slope mass movements and debris flow activity in the Geysernaya River valley (Kamchatka, Russia)10
Paleozoic-Mesozoic multistage tectonic evolution of the North Qilian Shan revealed by detrital zircon U-Pb and fission-track double dating10
Early-onset of rapid deposition rates of the Mangshan loess challenges the classical hypothesis of full Yellow River connection during the late Pleistocene10
Morphodynamics of active meandering rivers reviewed in a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales10
The influence of spatial patterns in rainfall on shallow landslides10
Long-term uplift pattern recorded by rivers across contrasting lithology: Insights into earthquake recurrence in the epicentral area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan10
Rock slope failure in the Southern Carpathians (Romania): Range-wide inventory and links with long-term mountain landscape evolution10
Morphologic and sedimentological signatures resulting from Hurricane Ian, southwest Florida, USA: Insight into intra-storm bidirectional sediment transport processes10
3.0790200233459