Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

Article	Citations
Crop yield prediction using machine learning: A systematic literature review	612
Using deep transfer learning for image-based plant disease identification	489
Using channel pruning-based YOLO v4 deep learning algorithm for the real-time and accurate detection of apple flowers in natural environments	270
Tomato plant disease detection using transfer learning with C-GAN synthetic images	255
Deep feature based rice leaf disease identification using support vector machine	251
Introducing digital twins to agriculture	215
A survey of deep learning techniques for weed detection from images	204
State-of-the-art robotic grippers, grasping and control strategies, as well as their applications in agricultural robots: A review	202
Detection and segmentation of overlapped fruits based on optimized mask R-CNN application in apple harvesting robot	192
A survey on the 5G network and its impact on agriculture: Challenges and opportunities	181
Few-Shot Learning approach for plant disease classification using images taken in the field	179
An optimized dense convolutional neural network model for disease recognition and classification in corn leaf	179
Integrating blockchain and the internet of things in precision agriculture: Analysis, opportunities, and challenges	176
Image recognition of four rice leaf diseases based on deep learning and support vector machine	174
Multi-class fruit-on-plant detection for apple in SNAP system using Faster R-CNN	171
A review of computer vision technologies for plant phenotyping	159
Application of consumer RGB-D cameras for fruit detection and localization in field: A critical review	155
A review on plant high-throughput phenotyping traits using UAV-based sensors	152
Vine disease detection in UAV multispectral images using optimized image registration and deep learning segmentation approach	149
A review on monitoring and advanced control strategies for precision irrigation	147
Systematic literature review of implementations of precision agriculture	144
Multiclass classification of dry beans using computer vision and machine learning techniques	142
A survey of public datasets for computer vision tasks in precision agriculture	134
Real-time detection of uneaten feed pellets in underwater images for aquaculture using an improved YOLO-V4 network	133
An improved YOLOv5 model based on visual attention mechanism: Application to recognition of tomato virus disease	131

Towards weeds identification assistance through transfer learning	131
Do we really need deep CNN for plant diseases identification?	130
Drones in agriculture: A review and bibliometric analysis	127
A random forest ranking approach to predict yield in maize with uav-based vegetation spectral indices	121
CNN feature based graph convolutional network for weed and crop recognition in smart farming	121
Detection and classification of soybean pests using deep learning with UAV images	120
Towards leveraging the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in precision agriculture and smart farming	117
Plant diseases recognition on images using convolutional neural networks: A systematic review	114
Automated cattle counting using Mask R-CNN in quadcopter vision system	113
Fruit detection, segmentation and 3D visualisation of environments in apple orchards	110
Agroview: Cloud-based application to process, analyze and visualize UAV-collected data for precision agriculture applications utilizing artificial intelligence	108
A systematic literature review on the use of machine learning in precision livestock farming	105
A cucumber leaf disease severity classification method based on the fusion of DeepLabV3+ and U-Net	102
AF-RCNN: An anchor-free convolutional neural network for multi-categories agricultural pest detection	100
Comparison of convolutional neural networks in fruit detection and counting: A comprehensive evaluation	99
Meta-learning baselines and database for few-shot classification in agriculture	99
Recognition of rice leaf diseases and wheat leaf diseases based on multi-task deep transfer learning	97
SoyNet: Soybean leaf diseases classification	96
Grape disease image classification based on lightweight convolution neural networks and channelwise attention	96
Real-time growth stage detection model for high degree of occultation using DenseNet-fused YOLOv4	96
Multi-stream hybrid architecture based on cross-level fusion strategy for fine-grained crop species recognition in precision agriculture	93
Hybrid particle swarm optimization with extreme learning machine for daily reference evapotranspiration prediction from limited climatic data	93
3D global mapping of large-scale unstructured orchard integrating eye-in-hand stereo vision and SLAM	91
Crop pest classification with a genetic algorithm-based weighted ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks	91
Time-serial analysis of deep neural network models for prediction of climatic conditions inside a greenhouse	90
Review of the internet of things communication technologies in smart agriculture and challenges	90
An adaptive pig face recognition approach using Convolutional Neural Networks	90
An overview of agriculture 4.0 development: Systematic review of descriptions, technologies, barriers, advantages, and disadvantages	88
Identification of tomato leaf diseases based on combination of ABCK-BWTR and B-ARNet	87
Assessment for crop water stress with infrared thermal imagery in precision agriculture: A review and future prospects for deep learning applications	86
Disease detection in tomato leaves via CNN with lightweight architectures implemented in Raspberry Pi 4	85
Automated fruit recognition using EfficientNet and MixNet	85
Behaviour recognition of pigs and cattle: Journey from computer vision to deep learning	84
Wireless technologies for smart agricultural monitoring using internet of things devices with energy harvesting capabilities	84
A deep learning approach combining instance and semantic segmentation to identify diseases and pests of coffee leaves from in-field images	82
Sequential forward selection and support vector regression in comparison to LASSO regression for spring wheat yield prediction based on UAV imagery	82
Crop leaf disease recognition based on Self-Attention convolutional neural network	82
A comprehensive review on recent applications of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing with various sensors for high-throughput plant phenotyping	82
Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging: A review on agricultural applications	80
Classification of rice varieties with deep learning methods	78
Multi-step ahead forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using deep learning	78
Three-dimensional perception of orchard banana central stock enhanced by adaptive multi-vision technology	78
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) for image augmentation in agriculture: A systematic review	78
Lightweight convolutional neural network model for field wheat ear disease identification	77
Collision-free path planning for a guava-harvesting robot based on recurrent deep reinforcement learning	75
Automatically detecting pig position and posture by 2D camera imaging and deep learning	75
RS-DCNN: A novel distributed convolutional-neural-networks based-approach for big remote-sensing image classification	75
Applications of IoT for optimized greenhouse environment and resources management	75
Identification of cash crop diseases using automatic image segmentation algorithm and deep learning with expanded dataset	74
An automatic method for weed mapping in oat fields based on UAV imagery	74

Detection and classification of tea buds based on deep learning	73
Evaluation of stacking and blending ensemble learning methods for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration	73
Detecting soybean leaf disease from synthetic image using multi-feature fusion faster R-CNN	73
Strengthening consumer trust in beef supply chain traceability with a blockchain-based human-machine reconcile mechanism	72
Performance of deep learning models for classifying and detecting common weeds in corn and soybean production systems	71
Comparison of convolution neural networks for smartphone image based real time classification of citrus leaf disease	71
Intelligent perception for cattle monitoring: A review for cattle identification, body condition score evaluation, and weight estimation	70
Multi-class object detection using faster R-CNN and estimation of shaking locations for automated shake-and-catch apple harvesting	70
Predicting livestock behaviour using accelerometers: A systematic review of processing techniques for ruminant behaviour prediction from raw accelerometer data	70
Computer vision system for measuring individual cow feed intake using RGB-D camera and deep learning algorithms	69
Machine learning based fog computing assisted data-driven approach for early lameness detection in dairy cattle	69
A deep learning approach for RGB image-based powdery mildew disease detection on strawberry leaves	69
Tomato leaf segmentation algorithms for mobile phone applications using deep learning	69
Real-time detection and tracking of fish abnormal behavior based on improved YOLOV5 and SiamRPN++	69
MEAN-SSD: A novel real-time detector for apple leaf diseases using improved light-weight convolutional neural networks	68
Applications of machine vision in agricultural robot navigation: A review	68
Citrus pests classification using an ensemble of deep learning models	67
RIC-Net: A plant disease classification model based on the fusion of Inception and residual structure and embedded attention mechanism	67
An end-to-end model for rice yield prediction using deep learning fusion	67
A new visible band index (vNDVI) for estimating NDVI values on RGB images utilizing genetic algorithms	67
Graph weeds net: A graph-based deep learning method for weed recognition	67
A deep learning approach incorporating YOLO v5 and attention mechanisms for field real-time detection of the invasive weed Solanum rostratum Dunal seedlings	66
Close-range hyperspectral imaging of whole plants for digital phenotyping: Recent applications and illumination correction approaches	66
Effect of operational parameters of UAV sprayer on spray deposition pattern in target and off-target zones during outer field weed control application	66
Estimation of corn yield based on hyperspectral imagery and convolutional neural network	66
EfficientNet-B4-Ranger: A novel method for greenhouse cucumber disease recognition under natural complex environment	65
Pest24: A large-scale very small object data set of agricultural pests for multi-target detection	64
Pose estimation and behavior classification of broiler chickens based on deep neural networks	64
Accessing the temporal and spectral features in crop type mapping using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery: A case study of Yi’an County, Heilongjiang province, China	64
Internet of things for smart farming and frost intelligent control in greenhouses	64
Monitoring the vegetation vigor in heterogeneous citrus and olive orchards. A multiscale object-based approach to extract trees’ crowns from UAV multispectral imagery	63
Optimal smart contract for autonomous greenhouse environment based on IoT blockchain network in agriculture	63
A modified U-Net with a specific data argumentation method for semantic segmentation of weed images in the field	63
Forest inventory with high-density UAV-Lidar: Machine learning approaches for predicting individual tree attributes	63
UAV-based chlorophyll content estimation by evaluating vegetation index responses under different crop coverages	63
Real-time defects detection for apple sorting using NIR cameras with pruning-based YOLOV4 network	63
Deep diagnosis: A real-time apple leaf disease detection system based on deep learning	62
Field detection of tiny pests from sticky trap images using deep learning in agricultural greenhouse	62
A detection and severity estimation system for generic diseases of tomato greenhouse plants	62
UAV environmental perception and autonomous obstacle avoidance: A deep learning and depth camera combined solution	62
High-resolution satellite imagery applications in crop phenotyping: An overview	62
A high-precision detection method of hydroponic lettuce seedlings status based on improved Faster RCNN	62
Classification of soybean leaf wilting due to drought stress using UAV-based imagery	61
Rachis detection and three-dimensional localization of cut off point for vision-based banana robot	61
Disease and pest infection detection in coconut tree through deep learning techniques	61
Retinex-inspired color correction and detail preserved fusion for underwater image enhancement	61
A DNN-based semantic segmentation for detecting weed and crop	60
Hyperspectral imaging and 3D technologies for plant phenotyping: From satellite to close-range sensing	60
Comparison of machine learning methods for citrus greening detection on UAV multispectral images	60
Combining texture, color, and vegetation indices from fixed-wing UAS imagery to estimate wheat growth parameters using multivariate regression methods	60
Deep learning-based hierarchical cattle behavior recognition with spatio-temporal information	60
Technology progress in mechanical harvest of fresh market apples	60
Cost-effective IoT devices as trustworthy data sources for a blockchain-based water management system in precision agriculture	59
Corn cash price forecasting with neural networks	59
Fast and accurate green pepper detection in complex backgrounds via an improved Yolov4-tiny model	59
Estimating reference evapotranspiration using hybrid adaptive fuzzy inferencing coupled with heuristic algorithms	59
Identifying sunflower lodging based on image fusion and deep semantic segmentation with UAV remote sensing imaging	58
Real-time strawberry detection using deep neural networks on embedded system (rtsd-net): An edge AI application	58
Soil exchangeable cations estimation using Vis-NIR spectroscopy in different depths: Effects of multiple calibration models and spiking	58
Wild blueberry yield prediction using a combination of computer simulation and machine learning algorithms	58
Prediction of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture based on gradient boosting decision tree and long short-term memory network: A study of Chang Zhou fishery demonstration base, China	58
Extracting apple tree crown information from remote imagery using deep learning	57
A computer vision approach based on deep learning for the detection of dairy cows in free stall barn	57
Stereo-vision-based crop height estimation for agricultural robots	56
Peach variety detection using VIS-NIR spectroscopy and deep learning	56
Fusion of Mask RCNN and attention mechanism for instance segmentation of apples under complex background	56
Fruit detection and load estimation of an orange orchard using the YOLO models through simple approaches in different imaging and illumination conditions	56
Using an EfficientNet-LSTM for the recognition of single Cow’s motion behaviours in a complicated environment	55
Comparison of wavelet and empirical mode decomposition hybrid models in drought prediction	55
Sensor-based mechanical weed control: Present state and prospects	55
A novel apple fruit detection and counting methodology based on deep learning and trunk tracking in modern orchard	55
Application of deep convolutional neural networks for the detection of anthracnose in olives using VIS/NIR hyperspectral images	54
A novel deep learning based approach for seed image classification and retrieval	54
Cotton pests classification in field-based images using deep residual networks	54
Real-time robust detector for underwater live crabs based on deep learning	54
Analysis of the spatial variations of determinants of agricultural production efficiency in China	54
CFD simulation and experimental verification of the spatial and temporal distributions of the downwash airflow of a quad-rotor agricultural UAV in hover	54
Advances in gas sensors and electronic nose technologies for agricultural cycle applications	54
Support Vector Machine in Precision Agriculture: A review	53
Deep neural network based date palm tree detection in drone imagery	53

Aerial hyperspectral imagery and deep neural networks for high-throughput yield phenotyping in wheat	53
Improved multi-classes kiwifruit detection in orchard to avoid collisions during robotic picking	53
Leaf image based plant disease identification using transfer learning and feature fusion	52
Evaluation of low-cost depth cameras for agricultural applications	52
A new attention-based CNN approach for crop mapping using time series Sentinel-2 images	52
A novel green apple segmentation algorithm based on ensemble U-Net under complex orchard environment	52
Localizing plucking points of tea leaves using deep convolutional neural networks	52
Early detection of grapevine leafroll disease in a red-berried wine grape cultivar using hyperspectral imaging	52
Classification of Lingwu long jujube internal bruise over time based on visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis	52
Data augmentation for deep learning based semantic segmentation and crop-weed classification in agricultural robotics	51
Vision-based navigation and guidance for agricultural autonomous vehicles and robots: A review	51
Improving estimation of LAI dynamic by fusion of morphological and vegetation indices based on UAV imagery	51
Assessment of state-of-the-art deep learning based citrus disease detection techniques using annotated optical leaf images	51
Estimating leaf chlorophyll content of crops via optimal unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral data at multi-scales	51
Accurate body measurement of live cattle using three depth cameras and non-rigid 3-D shape recovery	51
Navigation path extraction for greenhouse cucumber-picking robots using the prediction-point Hough transform	50
Apple, peach, and pear flower detection using semantic segmentation network and shape constraint level set	50
A hybrid modelling approach to understanding adoption of precision agriculture technologies in Chinese cropping systems	50
Adaptive autonomous UAV scouting for rice lodging assessment using edge computing with deep learning EDANet	50
Technological revolutions in smart farming: Current trends, challenges & future directions	50
Real-time detection of kiwifruit flower and bud simultaneously in orchard using YOLOv4 for robotic pollination	49
Estimation of nitrogen nutrition index in rice from UAV RGB images coupled with machine learning algorithms	49
Using NDVI for the assessment of canopy cover in agricultural crops within modelling research	49
Using a depth camera for crop row detection and mapping for under-canopy navigation of agricultural robotic vehicle	49
S-RPN: Sampling-balanced region proposal network for small crop pest detection	49
Application of wireless sensor networks in the field of irrigation: A review	48
Evaluation of cotton emergence using UAV-based imagery and deep learning	48
Performance evaluation of deep transfer learning on multi-class identification of common weed species in cotton production systems	48
Support vector machine enhanced empirical reference evapotranspiration estimation with limited meteorological parameters	48
Computer vision-based high-quality tea automatic plucking robot using Delta parallel manipulator	47
Three-dimensional reconstruction of guava fruits and branches using instance segmentation and geometry analysis	47
Development of simple identification models for four main catechins and caffeine in fresh green tea leaf based on visible and near-infrared spectroscopy	47
Data augmentation for automated pest classification in Mango farms	47
Canopy-attention-YOLOv4-based immature/mature apple fruit detection on dense-foliage tree architectures for early crop load estimation	47
Common pests image recognition based on deep convolutional neural network	47
Evaluation on risks of sustainable supply chain based on optimized BP neural networks in fresh grape industry	47
Rapid and non-destructive seed viability prediction using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging coupled with a deep learning approach	47
A system for automatic rice disease detection from rice paddy images serviced via a Chatbot	47
Estimation for fish mass using image analysis and neural network	47
Deep learning-based crop mapping in the cloudy season using one-shot hyperspectral satellite imagery	46
Automatic recognition of dairy cow mastitis from thermal images by a deep learning detector	46
YOLOWeeds: A novel benchmark of YOLO object detectors for multi-class weed detection in cotton production systems	46
Real-time kiwifruit detection in orchard using deep learning on Android™ smartphones for yield estimation	46
Detection of impurities in wheat using terahertz spectral imaging and convolutional neural networks	46
Lightweight dense-scale network (LDSNet) for corn leaf disease identification	46
Automatic extraction of wheat lodging area based on transfer learning method and deeplabv3+ network	46
A systematic literature review on deep learning applications for precision cattle farming	45
Digital Twins in greenhouse horticulture: A review	45
Real-time recognition system of soybean seed full-surface defects based on deep learning	45
LDS-YOLO: A lightweight small object detection method for dead trees from shelter forest	45
Automatic detection and severity analysis of grape black measles disease based on deep learning and fuzzy logic	45
Foliar deposition and coverage on young apple trees with PWM-controlled spray systems	44
Predicting the contents of soil salt and major water-soluble ions with fractional-order derivative spectral indices and variable selection	44
Uncertainty analysis of artificial intelligence modeling daily reference evapotranspiration in the northwest end of China	44
Automatic identification of diseases in grains crops through computational approaches: A review	44
Geometry-aware fruit grasping estimation for robotic harvesting in apple orchards	44
Late fusion of multimodal deep neural networks for weeds classification	44
Fruit yield prediction and estimation in orchards: A state-of-the-art comprehensive review for both direct and indirect methods	44
Visual identification of individual Holstein-Friesian cattle via deep metric learning	44
Pre-season crop type mapping using deep neural networks	43
Detection and counting of banana bunches by integrating deep learning and classic image-processing algorithms	43
Cow identification in free-stall barns based on an improved Mask R-CNN and an SVM	43
Recognition of carrot appearance quality based on deep feature and support vector machine	43
Pan evaporation estimation and derivation of explicit optimized equations by novel hybrid meta-heuristic ANN based methods in different climates of Iran	42
A nutrient recommendation system for soil fertilization based on evolutionary computation	42
Improved crop row detection with deep neural network for early-season maize stand count in UAV imagery	42
A possible fractional order derivative and optimized spectral indices for assessing total nitrogen content in cotton	42
Using color and 3D geometry features to segment fruit point cloud and improve fruit recognition accuracy	42
Improving weeds identification with a repository of agricultural pre-trained deep neural networks	42
Hyperspectral imaging techniques for rapid detection of nutrient content of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars	42
Identification of maize leaves infected by fall armyworms using UAV-based imagery and convolutional neural networks	42
Automated sheep facial expression classification using deep transfer learning	42
Rice nitrogen nutrition estimation with RGB images and machine learning methods	42
Key technologies of machine vision for weeding robots: A review and benchmark	41
Remote-sensing estimation of potato above-ground biomass based on spectral and spatial features extracted from high-definition digital camera images	41
Automatic organ-level point cloud segmentation of maize shoots by integrating high-throughput data acquisition and deep learning	41
Automatic behavior recognition of group-housed goats using deep learning	41
Semantic segmentation for partially occluded apple trees based on deep learning	41
3D model processing for high throughput phenotype extraction – the case of corn	41
Crop height estimation based on UAV images: Methods, errors, and strategies	41
Recognition of feeding behaviour of pigs and determination of feeding time of each pig by a video-based deep learning method	41
A dual attention network based on efficientNet-B2 for short-term fish school feeding behavior analysis in aquaculture	41
An automatic method of fish length estimation using underwater stereo system based on LabVIEW	41
Microwave vacuum drying of dragon fruit slice: Artificial neural network modelling, genetic algorithm optimization, and kinetics study	41
A high-precision forest fire smoke detection approach based on ARGNet	40
ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1 SAR data sensitivity analysis to surface soil moisture over bare and vegetated agricultural fields	40
Semantic segmentation model of cotton roots in-situ image based on attention mechanism	40
Using a CNN-LSTM for basic behaviors detection of a single dairy cow in a complex environment	40
Wheat sustainable supply chain network design with forecasted demand by simulation	40
Transfer learning and SE-ResNet152 networks-based for small-scale unbalanced fish species identification	40
A fast and accurate deep learning method for strawberry instance segmentation	40
Detection and discrimination of disease and insect stress of tea plants using hyperspectral imaging combined with wavelet analysis	40
Monitoring of sugar beet growth indicators using wide-dynamic-range vegetation index (WDRVI) derived from UAV multispectral images	40
Automated grapevine flower detection and quantification method based on computer vision and deep learning from on-the-go imaging using a mobile sensing platform under field conditions	40
How many gigabytes per hectare are available in the digital agriculture era? A digitization footprint estimation	40