Law and Human Behavior

Papers
(The median citation count of Law and Human Behavior is 0. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-06-01 to 2026-06-01.)
ArticleCitations
Supplemental Material for Emotion Regulation Reduces Victim Blaming of Vulnerable Sex Trafficking Survivors29
Supplemental Material for Moral Appraisals Guide Intuitive Legal Determinations27
Supplemental Material for Implicit Bias Training for Police: Evaluating Impacts on Enforcement Disparities24
Supplemental Material for Do Risk Measure Scores and Diagnoses Predict Evaluator Opinions in Sexually Violent Predator Cases? It Depends on the Evaluator22
Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.20
Counterintuitive race effects in legal and nonlegal contexts.18
The cross-cultural fairness of the LS/RNR: An Australian analysis.18
What risk assessment tools can be used with men convicted of child sexual exploitation material offenses? Recommendations from a review of current research.17
Supplemental Material for An Offer You Cannot Refuse: Plea Offer Size Affects Innocent but Not Guilty Defendants’ Perceptions of Voluntariness16
Supplemental Material for Quick and Dirty: An Evaluation of Plea Colloquy Validity in the Virtual Courtroom15
Supplemental Material for The Psychological Allure of Alford: Does Wanting to Appear Innocent Put Innocents at Risk?15
Taking the next step in Miranda evaluations: Considering racial trauma and the impact of prior police contact.14
Field reliability of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised among life-sentenced prisoners in Sweden: A follow-up study.14
Risk assessment of child-pornography-exclusive offenders.13
A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems.13
Criminal legal involvement among recently separated veterans: Findings from the LIMBIC study.13
Racial, ethnic, and sex differences in psychiatric diagnosis, mental health sequelae, and VHA service utilization among justice-involved veterans.13
An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.12
Supplemental Material for A Test for Implicit Bias in Discretionary Criminal Justice Decisions11
Supplemental Material for What’s Risk Got to Do With It: Judges’ and Probation Officers’ Understanding and Use of Juvenile Risk Assessments in Making Residential Placement Decisions11
Supplemental Material for What Risk Assessment Tools Can Be Used With Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenses? Recommendations From a Review of Current Research11
Supplemental Material for Comparing Perceptions of Individuals Who Sexually Offend Against Children Versus Adults11
Supplemental Material for Intent, Harm, and the Law: Examining the Intersection of Varied Intent and Outcome Severity on Legal Judgments10
Supplemental Material for Counterintuitive Race Effects in Legal and Nonlegal Contexts10
Autistic juvenile defendants: How defendant race and offense type affect juror decisions.10
Reexamining predictors of trial outcomes in New York State’s sex offender civil management process.9
Cognitive-behavioral reciprocity: Testing the bidirectional relationship between antisocial cognition and delinquency.8
Does the affirmative consent standard increase the accuracy of sexual assault perceptions? It depends on how you learn about the standard.8
Community crime, poverty, and proportion of Black residents influence police descriptions of adolescents.8
How chatbot communication styles impact citizen reports to police: Testing procedural justice and overaccommodation approaches in a survey experiment.8
Developing a model of guilty plea decision-making: Fuzzy-trace theory, gist, and categorical boundaries.7
Supplemental Material for Almost No One Feels Free to Leave an Interrogation Room: Findings From a Virtual Reality Study of Custody Perceptions in Police Interrogations7
Supplemental Material for When We Do Not Care About What Happens to “Criminals”: How Character Judgments Influence Indifference to Incidental Suffering in the Criminal Justice System7
Are forensic evaluators more likely to conclude that Black or White defendants are malingering?7
A taxometric approach to base-rate estimation and idiographic classification in psycholegal research.6
Supplemental Material for Using Large Language Model–Based Artificial Intelligence (AI) Suspects to Train Strategic Use of Evidence: Preliminary Evidence of Transfer to Mock Suspect Interviews6
Differential impacts of investigation and witness delays on layperson perceptions of witness credibility.6
Supplemental Material for From Culture Blind to Culturally Informed: Coverage of Sociocultural Identities in U.S.-Based Forensic Psychology Journals, 2016–20206
Supplemental Material for Interrogation Tactics May Have Downstream Consequences on Innocent and Guilty Defendants’ Plea Decisions6
Supplemental Material for The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth Demonstrates Measurement Invariance Between Black and White Justice-Referred Youths6
Supplemental Material for Cool Under Fire: Psychopathic Personality Traits and Decision Making in Law-Enforcement-Oriented Populations6
Advancing the Shift-of-Strategy approach: Shifting suspects' strategies in extended interviews.6
Statistical reporting practices within forensic psychology: Is anything changing?6
Improving juror assessments of forensic testimony and its effects on decision-making and evidence evaluation.6
“I do not have an opinion about that yet”: Qualitative research on perceived procedural justice of self-represented litigants in early stages of small claims procedures in the Netherlands.5
Does engaging in reason elaboration mitigate bias in mock jurors’ evaluations of confession evidence?5
Potential causes of racial disparities in wrongful convictions based on mistaken identifications: Own-race bias and differences in evidence-based suspicion.5
Interrogation tactics may have downstream consequences on innocent and guilty defendants’ plea decisions.5
Supplemental Material for What Do People Want From Algorithms? Public Perceptions of Algorithms in Government5
Supplemental Material for The Eye of the Beholder: Increased Likelihood of Prison Sentences for People Perceived to Have Hispanic Ethnicity5
Scientific impact, diversity, and open science at Law and human behavior (2012–2017).5
From whose perspective? Differences between actors and observers in determining the voluntariness of guilty pleas.5
The legal intersection of psychosis and substance use: A mixed methods investigation of settled insanity.5
Supplemental Material for Confirmatory Information Seeking Is Robust in Psychologists’ Diagnostic Reasoning5
Estimation of eyewitness error rates in fair and biased lineups.4
The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juror decisions about Black defendants.4
Supplemental Material for Justice Involvement Prediction as Individuals Age: An Age-Graded Evaluation of the Public Safety Assessment4
Comparing witness performance in the field versus the lab: How real-world conditions affect eyewitness decision-making.4
Supplemental Material for A Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR)-Informed Systematic Review of Needs During the Pretrial Period4
Effect of juvenile justice financial sanctions on youths’ recidivism.4
Supplemental Material for In-Court Identifications Affect Juror Decisions Despite Being Unreliable4
Supplemental Material for The Trial Tax and the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age in Criminal Court Sentencing4
The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among people impacted by the criminal legal system: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analyses.4
Predictive bias in pretrial risk assessment: Application of the Public Safety Assessment in a Native American population.4
Homelessness and pretrial detention predict unfavorable outcomes in the plea bargaining process.4
The reasonable officer standard: Perceptions of reasonableness and legal decision making.3
Supplemental Material for The Relationship Between Victim Impact Statements and Judicial Decision Making: An Archival Analysis of Sentencing Outcomes3
Guilty plea hearings in juvenile and criminal court.3
ACUTE-2007 and STABLE-2007 predict recidivism for men adjudicated for child sexual exploitation material offending.3
Supplemental Material for The Justice Motive: Retributive and Restorative Factors Affect Public Evaluations of Child Protection3
An audit study of barriers to mental health treatment for wrongly incarcerated people.3
The American Psychology–Law Society scientific review paper on police-induced confessions (2.0).3
Supplemental Material for Do Gender Prototypes Influence Attorney Willingness to Represent Sexual Harassment Victims?3
Virtually the same? A comparison between in-person and virtual mock jury deliberations.3
The Miranda penalty: Inferring guilt from suspects’ silence.3
Supplemental Material for The Effect of Confession Evidence on Jurors’ Verdict Decisions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis3
When we do not care about what happens to “criminals”: How character judgments influence indifference to incidental suffering in the criminal justice system.3
Who questions the legitimacy of law? A latent profile analysis using national data in China.3
Using large language model–based artificial intelligence (AI) suspects to train strategic use of evidence: Preliminary evidence of transfer to mock suspect interviews.3
Supplemental Material for The Miranda Penalty: Inferring Guilt From Suspects’ Silence3
Bias in the justice and legal systems: Cumulative disadvantage as a framework for understanding.3
Emotion regulation reduces victim blaming of vulnerable sex trafficking survivors.2
Supplemental Material for Are Forensic Evaluators More Likely to Conclude That Black or White Defendants Are Malingering?2
Supplemental Material for Public Opinion About Judicial Roles and Considerations: A Latent Profile Analysis2
Acknowledgments2
Supplemental Material for Reducing Biases in the Criminal Legal System: A Perspective From Expected Utility2
Supplemental Material for Universal Mandatory Reporting Policies Show Null Effects in a Statewide College Sample2
Dementia and competency to stand trial in the United States: A case law review.2
Supplemental Material for The State of Open Science in the Field of Psychology and Law2
Automated question type coding of forensic interviews and trial testimony in child sexual abuse cases.2
Supplemental Material for Contributing Factors to Beneficence and Nonmaleficence in Police-Led Jail Diversion Programs2
Supplemental Material for Does Engaging in Reason Elaboration Mitigate Bias in Mock Jurors’ Evaluations of Confession Evidence?2
Intent, harm, and the law: Examining the intersection of varied intent and outcome severity on legal judgments.1
Respectful, fearful, and trustworthy policing: Assessing street-identified Black men and women’s tangled attitudes toward the police.1
Supplemental Material for Assessing Psychopathic Traits With the MMPI-3: Findings From Correctional, University, and Community Samples1
Evidence-based suspicion and the prior probability of guilt in police interrogations.1
Quick and dirty: An evaluation of plea colloquy validity in the virtual courtroom.1
Prison or treatment? Gender, racial, and ethnic inequities in mental health care utilization and criminal justice history among incarcerated persons with borderline and antisocial personality disorder1
Justice involvement prediction as individuals age: An age-graded evaluation of the public safety assessment.1
Reflections on Law and human behavior (1996–2005).1
Did George Floyd’s murder shape the public’s felt obligation to obey the police?1
Supplemental Material for Automated Question Type Coding of Forensic Interviews and Trial Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases1
The effects of implicit bias interventions on mock jurors’ civil trial decisions and perceptions of the courts.1
Disparate impact of risk assessment instruments: A systematic review.1
Supplemental Material for Comparing Predictive Validity of Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory Scores in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Canadian Youth1
The effect of confession evidence on jurors’ verdict decisions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.1
Implicit bias training for police: Evaluating impacts on enforcement disparities.1
The power of meaningful numbers: Attorney guidance and jury deliberation improve the reliability and gist validity of damage awards.1
Comparing the relationships between money bail, pretrial risk scores, and pretrial outcomes.1
Eyewitness confidence and decision time reflect identification accuracy in actual police lineups.1
Creating a cross-race effect inventory to postdict eyewitness accuracy.1
Supplemental Material for Virtually the Same? A Comparison Between In-Person and Virtual Mock Jury Deliberations1
Supplemental Material for Examining the Consequences of Dehumanization and Adultification in Justification of Police Use of Force Against Black Girls and Boys1
Experiencing and subsequently reporting sexual victimization among U.S. college students with disabilities.1
Developing consensus for culturally informed forensic mental health assessment: Experts' opinions on best practices.1
Supplemental Material for Experiencing and Subsequently Reporting Sexual Victimization Among U.S. College Students With Disabilities0
Supplemental Material for The Role of Social Desirability and Establishing Nonracist Credentials on Mock Juror Decisions About Black Defendants0
The effect of changing the military’s sexual assault laws on law enforcement investigative findings in the U.S. Army.0
Evaluating the effectiveness of simplified Miranda warnings: An empirical examination of policy on youth comprehension and waiver decisions.0
Law and human behavior at 50.0
Comparing predictive validity of Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory scores in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadian youth.0
Confirmatory information seeking is robust in psychologists’ diagnostic reasoning.0
Supplemental Material for Does Meeting in Person Matter? Examining Youths’ Perceived Support on Juvenile Probation0
Supplemental Material for Factors Associated With the Timing and Success of Remediation of Youth Found Incompetent to Stand Trial in Juvenile Court0
Supplemental Material for Extending the Fuzzy-Trace Theory Informed Model of Guilty Plea Decision Making: Accounting for Factual Guilt and Innocence0
Supplemental Material for Artificial Intelligence–Based Investigation of Filler Selection Strategies0
Do risk measure scores and diagnoses predict evaluator opinions in sexually violent predator cases? It depends on the evaluator.0
The psychological allure of Alford: Does wanting to appear innocent put innocents at risk?0
Supplemental Material for How Chatbot Communication Styles Impact Citizen Reports to Police: Testing Procedural Justice and Overaccommodation Approaches in a Survey Experiment0
Racial justice in psycholegal research and forensic psychology practice: Current advances and a framework for future progress.0
Court-reported competence to proceed data across the United States.0
The psychometric properties of the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT) in different subgroups of individuals convicted of offenses related to child sexual exploitation material (CSEM).0
Breaking the silence: Bystander reporting to law enforcement disrupts individuals moving toward targeted violence.0
Supplemental Material for Effect of Juvenile Justice Financial Sanctions on Youths’ Recidivism0
Supplemental Material for Predictive Accuracy of Static-99R Across Different Racial/Ethnic Groups: A Meta-Analysis0
Do inconclusive forensic decisions disadvantage the innocent?0
The detrimental impact of alcohol intoxication on facets of Miranda comprehension.0
Essentialism and the criminal legal system.0
Contributing factors to beneficence and nonmaleficence in police-led jail diversion programs.0
Supplemental Material for Detecting Criminal Intent in Social Interactions: The Influence of Autism and Theory of Mind0
Improving graduate education in legal psychology: Early career psychologists’ recommendations on diversity, debt, and applying legal psychology in the real world.0
Dynamic risk and differential impacts of probation: Examining age, race, and gender as responsivity factors.0
A test for implicit bias in discretionary criminal justice decisions.0
Reflections on Law and human behavior’s 50th anniversary.0
Special issue on justice, legitimacy, and technology.0
Behavioral detection of emotional, high-stakes deception: Replication in a registered report.0
Equity in law enforcement actions following a school threat assessment.0
Impact of work pressure, job characteristics, and personality on job-related well-being in Dutch judges: A conceptual model.0
Supplemental Material for Racial Bias in Jury Selection Hurts Mock Jurors, Not Just Defendants: Testing One Potential Intervention0
The justice motive: Retributive and restorative factors affect public evaluations of child protection.0
Comparing perceptions of individuals who sexually offend against children versus adults.0
Supplemental Material for Estimation of Eyewitness Error Rates in Fair and Biased Lineups0
Dynamic prediction of reoffending in individuals given community sentences: Development and validation of a novel risk monitoring assessment tool (oxMore).0
Moral appraisals guide intuitive legal determinations.0
Attorneys' experiences, perceptions, and plea recommendations in child sexual abuse cases.0
Artificial Intelligence–based investigation of filler selection strategies.0
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Criminogenic Risk, and Criminal History Among Veterans0
Development of the Self-Injury Risk Assessment Protocol for Corrections (SIRAP-C).0
Supplemental Material for Politics in Policy: An Experimental Examination of Public Views Regarding Sentence Reductions via Second Chance Mechanisms0
Suspect race affects defense attorney evaluations of preidentification evidence.0
Factors associated with the timing and success of remediation of youth found incompetent to stand trial in juvenile court.0
Supplemental Material for An Audit Study of Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Wrongly Incarcerated People0
Law and human behavior in the age of open science and diversity, equity, and inclusion.0
Supplemental Material for Regional Gender Bias and Year Predict Gender Representation on Civil Trial Teams0
Reducing biases in the criminal legal system: A perspective from expected utility.0
Supplemental Material for The Influence of Polygraphs on Evaluators’ Decisions Regarding Sexually Violent Persons0
Supplemental Material for From Caller to Suspect: Identifying Behaviors That Trigger Suspicion in 911 Calls0
Predictive validity of the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV is poor for intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescent offenders.0
Large language models (LLMs) as jurors: Assessing the potential of LLMs in legal contexts.0
Supplemental Material for The Power of Meaningful Numbers: Attorney Guidance and Jury Deliberation Improve the Reliability and Gist Validity of Damage Awards0
The COVID-19 pandemic and lay perceptions of poverty and neglect.0
Supplemental Material for Violence Following a Threat Assessment: Do Threat Classification and School Safety Measures Matter?0
The relationship between victim impact statements and judicial decision making: An archival analysis of sentencing outcomes.0
More than race? Intragroup differences by gender and age in perceptions of police among street-identified Black men and women.0
Racial differences in legal socialization models across adolescence and emerging adulthood.0
Assessing psychopathic traits with the MMPI-3: Findings from correctional, university, and community samples.0
Supplemental Material for Risk Assessment and Recidivism Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Persons: A Meta-Analysis0
Supplemental Material for Large Language Models (LLMs) as Jurors: Assessing the Potential of LLMs in Legal Contexts0
Supplemental Material for Psychiatric Symptoms and Criminogenic Risk in People With Mental Illness: Comparing Patients Across Forensic and Nonforensic Settings0
Supplemental Material for The Reasonable Officer Standard: Perceptions of Reasonableness and Legal Decision Making0
Breaking rules for moral reasons: Development and validation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Rule-Breaking (PARB) scale.0
Supplemental Material for Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Mental Health Sequelae, and VHA Service Utilization Among Justice-Involved Veterans0
The eye of the beholder: Increased likelihood of prison sentences for people perceived to have Hispanic ethnicity.0
Supplemental Material for Eyewitness Confidence and Decision Time Reflect Identification Accuracy in Actual Police Lineups0
Does “Jamal” receive a harsher sentence than “James”? First-name bias in the criminal sentencing of Black men.0
Supplemental Material for White Mock Jurors’ Moral Emotional Responses to Viewing Female Victim Photographs Depend on the Victim’s Race0
Supplemental Material for Creating a Cross-Race Effect Inventory to Postdict Eyewitness Accuracy0
Supplemental Material for Improving Juror Assessments of Forensic Testimony and Its Effects on Decision-Making and Evidence Evaluation0
Lived experiences of bias in compensation and reintegration associated with false admissions of guilt.0
Adverse inferences: The impact of suspect silence on lay perceptions.0
Supplemental Material for Framing Legal Fines: How Message Presentation Affects Severity Perceptions0
Supplemental Material for Who Questions the Legitimacy of Law? A Latent Profile Analysis Using National Data in China0
Supplemental Material for Centering Race in Procedural Justice Theory: Structural Racism and the Under- and Overpolicing of Black Communities0
How the risk principle reduces recidivism: The impact of legislative revisions on the release and reoffense rates of individuals convicted of sexual offenses.0
Experts, commercial software, and the internal revenue service: American taxpayer perceptions of trust and procedural justice.0
Supplemental Material for The Stigma of Wrongful Conviction Differs for White and Black Exonerees0
Disentangling the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, criminogenic risk, and criminal history among veterans.0
Supplemental Material for The Effects of Implicit Bias Interventions on Mock Jurors’ Civil Trial Decisions and Perceptions of the Courts0
The effect of individualized treatment for participants with substance use disorder on completion of mental health courts programs.0
An attribution theory–based content analysis of mock jurors’ deliberations regarding coerced confessions.0
Further action toward valid science in Law and Human Behavior: Requiring open data, analytic code, and research materials.0
Do gender prototypes influence attorney willingness to represent sexual harassment victims?0
Supplemental Material for A Glimpse at Competency to Proceed Evaluations for Immigration Court Proceedings0
Degrees of freedom as a breeding ground for biases—A threat to forensic practice.0
Does meeting in person matter? Examining youths’ perceived support on juvenile probation.0
The influence of race on jurors’ perceptions of lethal police use of force.0
A time of change for law and human behavior.0
Supplemental Material for The Legal Intersection of Psychosis and Substance Use: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Settled Insanity0
Supplemental Material for Potential Causes of Racial Disparities in Wrongful Convictions Based on Mistaken Identifications: Own-Race Bias and Differences in Evidence-Based Suspicion0
Supplemental Material for Court-Reported Competence to Proceed Data Across the United States0
Supplemental Material for Differential Impacts of Investigation and Witness Delays on Layperson Perceptions of Witness Credibility0
Supplemental Material for Are Feigning Screens “Competent to Stand Trial”? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test, Atypical Presentation Scales, and S0
Virginia Alford plea-takers experience harsher outcomes than traditional plea-takers.0
Interviewing and interrogation practices and beliefs, 20 years later: A national self-report survey of American police.0
Legal actors’ and laypersons’ utility judgments of eyewitness lineup procedures and outcomes.0
Supplemental Material for Suppressing Myside Bias in Civil Litigation0
Public opinion about judicial roles and considerations: A latent profile analysis.0
A risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-informed systematic review of needs during the pretrial period.0
Almost no one feels free to leave an interrogation room: Findings from a virtual reality study of custody perceptions in police interrogations.0
The structured assessment of violence risk in youth demonstrates measurement invariance between Black and White justice-referred youths.0
What’s risk got to do with it: Judges’ and probation officers’ understanding and use of juvenile risk assessments in making residential placement decisions.0
Extending the Fuzzy-Trace Theory informed model of guilty plea decision making: Accounting for factual guilt and innocence.0
Police-induced confessions, 2.0: Risk factors and recommendations.0
Racial/ethnic disparities of the pact in predicting recidivism and court dispositions for justice-involved youth.0
Supplemental Material for Racial/Ethnic Disparities of the PACT in Predicting Recidivism and Court Dispositions for Justice-Involved Youth0
Ineffectiveness of the “consistent with” judicial limitation on forensic firearm identification testimony.0
Hate crime victimization and reporting within Miami’s queer Latine immigrant population.0
Supplemental Material for Autistic Juvenile Defendants: How Defendant Race and Offense Type Affect Juror Decisions0
Supplemental Material for Dementia and Competency to Stand Trial in the United States: A Case Law Review0
Supplemental Material for Virginia Alford Plea-Takers Experience Harsher Outcomes Than Traditional Plea-Takers0
Universal mandatory reporting policies show null effects in a statewide college sample.0
The trial tax and the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, and age in criminal court sentencing.0
Regional gender bias and year predict gender representation on civil trial teams.0
From caller to suspect: Identifying behaviors that trigger suspicion in 911 calls.0
Supplemental Material for Does “Jamal” Receive a Harsher Sentence Than “James”? First-Name Bias in the Criminal Sentencing of Black Men0
Politics in policy: An experimental examination of public views regarding sentence reductions via second chance mechanisms.0
Law and human behavior: Reflections on its creation and future.0
Supplemental Material for Do Inconclusive Forensic Decisions Disadvantage the Innocent?0
Violence following a threat assessment: Do threat classification and school safety measures matter?0
White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.0
Counseling services leading to desistance by way of a change in certainty perceptions and cognitive agency beliefs.0
The influence of polygraphs on evaluators' decisions regarding sexually violent persons.0
Don’t blink.0
The role of truth in victim–offender mediation: Victims of crime who feel they know the “whole” truth are more receptive to apologies.0
Only true and fabricated baseline statements combined might improve lie, but not truth, detection.0
In-court identifications affect juror decisions despite being unreliable.0
A glimpse at competency to proceed evaluations for immigration court proceedings.0
Supplemental Material for Rearrest is Associated With Heightened Callous–Unemotional Traits: No Moderating Effect of Maternal Relationship Quality0
Cool under fire: Psychopathic personality traits and decision making in law-enforcement-oriented populations.0
Supplemental Material for Developing Consensus for Culturally Informed Forensic Mental Health Assessment: Experts’ Opinions on Best Practices0
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