Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Article	Citations
Trends of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancy in Germany between 2001 and 2020 at ages 50 and 60: a question of educational level?	143
Variation in colon cancer survival for patients living and receiving care in London, 2006–2013: does where you live matter?	116
Poverty trajectories and child and mother well-being outcomes in Ireland: findings from an Irish prospective cohort	76
Longitudinal relationships between early-life homelessness and school-aged asthma and wheezing	60
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the workforce: from psychological distress to the Great Resignation	59
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between long working hours and hypertension risk	52
Socioeconomic position over the life course and impaired lung function of older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: the HAPIEE study	52
Joint exposure to parental cancer and income loss during childhood and the child’s socioeconomic position in early adulthood: a Danish and Norwegian register-based cohort study	47
Income mortality paradox by immigrants’ duration of residence in Sweden: a population register-based study	45
Are housing circumstances associated with faster epigenetic ageing? A commentary on Clairet al	44
Residential mobility and potentially avoidable hospitalisations in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children	43
Persistent poverty and child dental caries: time-varying exposure analysis	40
Neighbourhood risk factors of recurrent tuberculosis in Cape Town: a cohort study using geocoded notification data	40
Heavy alcohol consumption before and after negative life events in late mid-life: longitudinal latent trajectory analyses	38
National movement patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand: the unexplored role of neighbourhood deprivation	38
Factors associated with experiencing reassault in Ontario, Canada: a population-based analysis	37
Bi-directional associations between religious attendance and mental health: findings from a British birth cohort study	36
Risk of major cardiovascular events according to educational level before and after the initial COVID-19 public lockdown: a nationwide study	35
Using agent-based modelling to test hypotheses on the role of neighbourhood social mechanisms in the development of small-area health inequalities	30
What can death records tell us about multimorbidity?	30
Prevention of COVID-19 among populations experiencing multiple social exclusions	30
Racial and ethnic trends in mental health service utilisation and perceived unmet need in the USA	30
Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition	29
Investigating the association between income inequality in youth and deaths of despair in Canada: a population-based cohort study from 2006 to 2019	28
Nucleus of fairness: epigenetic ageing, social determinants of health and the imperative for proactive preventive measures	26

Impact of socioeconomic status on presentation, care quality and outcomes of patients attended by emergency medical services for dyspnoea: a population-based cohort study	25
Objective and subjective accounts of urban exposures for epidemiological research on mental health. Measurement and analysis	24
Air pollution and environmental epidemiological evidence in Chile: alerts for decision-makers and citizens	24
Impact of built environment change on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a novel longitudinal method and study	24
Role of hospitalisation for substance misuse in marital status transitions: a 47-year follow-up of a Swedish birth cohort	24
How infodemic intoxicates public health surveillance: from a big to a slow data culture	23
Modifying effect of urban parks on socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: a cross-sectional population study of Madrid City, Spain	23
Declining COVID-19 mortality risk ratios must be interpreted with caution	22
Impact of lockdown on key workers: findings from the COVID-19 survey in four UK national longitudinal studies	22
Long COVID-19, persistent somatic symptoms and social stigmatisation	22
Impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant on infant mortality rates in the 20th century: a natural experimental study	22
Prenatal and postnatal correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in midlife: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study	22
Religion and mental health in young adulthood: a register-based study on differences by religious affiliation in sickness absence due to mental disorders in Finland	21
2008 economic crisis impact on perinatal and infant mortality in Southern European countries	21
Associations between cohort study participation and self-reported health and well-being: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study	21
Association between long working hours and physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults: a Korean longitudinal study (2006–2020)	21
Sex differences in adverse events following seasonal influenza vaccines: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	20
COVID-19 distribution in Bogotá, Colombia: effect of poverty during the first 2 months of pandemic	20
Characteristics of enrolment in an intensive home-visiting programme among eligible first-time adolescent mothers in England: a linked administrative data cohort study	20
Evidence of disparities in the provision of the maternal postpartum 6-week check in primary care in England, 2015–2018: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)	20
Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales	19
Coming to terms with climate change: a glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being	18
Longitudinal effects of perinatal social support on maternal depression: a marginal structural modelling approach	18
Contribution of parental health to the subsequent social assistance entry of the family with children: a nationwide register-linked birth cohort study in Finland	18
Importance of population-based longitudinal studies to understanding the impact of COVID-19	18
Conceptual lessons for containing an epidemic of questionable COVID-19 counterfactual comparisons	17
Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 outcomes among adults aged 50+ in Europe: has COVID-19 exposed divide between postcommunist countries and Western Europe?	17
Educational disparities in ischaemic heart disease among 0.5 million Chinese adults: a cohort study	17
How does vulnerability to COVID-19 vary between communities in England? Developing a Small Area Vulnerability Index (SAVI)	17
Educational inequalities in life expectancy: measures, mapping, meaning	17
State-level association between income inequality and mortality in the USA, 1989–2019: ecological study	16
Dental attendance and behavioural pathways to adult oral health inequalities	16
Inequalities persist in Europe—and COVID-19 does not help	15
Association between socioeconomic disadvantage and severe maternal morbidity and mortality in high-income countries: a systematic review	15
Is it possible to identify populations experiencing material disadvantage in primary care? A feasibility study using the Clinical Practice Research Database	15
Knowing the goal: an inclusive economy that can address the public health challenges of our time	15
Downstream healthcare use following breast cancer screening: a register-based cohort study	15
Socioeconomic status across the early life course predicts gene expression signatures of disease and senescence	15
Would the now shelved congestion tax narrow or widen the health equity gap if brought back to NYC?	15
Spillover effects of adult children’s schooling on parents’ smoking cessation: evidence from China’s compulsory schooling reform	15
Completeness and representativeness of small area socioeconomic data linked with the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)	14
Effect of 20 mph speed limits on traffic injuries in Edinburgh, UK: a natural experiment and modelling study	14
Austerity, economic hardship and access to medications: a repeated cross-sectional population survey study, 2013–2020	14
Housing and health inequities during COVID-19: findings from the national Household Pulse Survey	14
Impact of informal caregiving on depressive symptoms among a national cohort of men	14
Reversals in past long-term trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy for selected European countries	14
Testing and refining middle-range theory in evaluations of public-health interventions: evidence from recent systematic reviews and trials	14
Bearing the burden of austerity: how do changing mortality rates in the UK compare between men and women?	13
Redlining in New York City: impacts on particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes	13
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors among workers: results from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study	13

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by age, sex and geographical area among two million public assistance recipients in Japan: a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative claims database	13
Effect of Universal Credit on young children’s mental health: quasi-experimental evidence from Understanding Society	13
How socio-political change is associated with the number of individually reported negative life events: a population-based study using the German reunification 1989/1990 as an example	13
Frailty index is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study	13
Estimated changes in free sugar consumption one year after the UK soft drinks industry levy came into force: controlled interrupted time series analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2011	13
Association between social activity frequency and overall survival in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)	13
Impact of early childhood infection on child development and school performance: a population-based study	13
Causal inference and effect estimation using observational data	12
Multidimensional energy poverty and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age: evidence from 22 low-income and middle-income countries	12
Age, period and cohort-related trends in prescription opioid use in the USA, 1999–2018	12
Socioeconomic position and SARS-CoV-2 infections: seroepidemiological findings from a German nationwide dynamic cohort	12
Correction:Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales	12
Correction: Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales	12
Impact of lifestyle risk factors on admission to nursing home care: a cohort study of 127 108 people aged 60 years and over	12
Early parental death and its association with children’s mental and economic well-being in adulthood: a nationwide population-based register study	12
Sleep regularity and major adverse cardiovascular events: a device-based prospective study in 72 269 UK adults	12
Clustering of morbidities and risk of dementia	12
Associations between modifiable risk factors and frailty: a Mendelian randomisation study	12
Correction:Early-life social and health determinants of adult socioeconomic position: associations and trends across generations	12
Effectiveness of the population-based ‘check your health preventive programme’ conducted in a primary care setting: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial	11
Correction: Association of socioeconomic deprivation with opioid prescribing in primary care in England: a spatial analysis	11
Chronic postsurgical pain increases postoperative depression risk	11
Effect of social support on memory ageing of middle-aged and older cancer survivors: a marginal structural modelling approach	11
Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: towards a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health – a review	10
Causal associations of antioxidants with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomisation study	10
Risk of severe mood and anxiety disorders in the adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide cohort study	10
Municipal social expenditures and maternal health disparities: a study of linked birth and hospitalisation records	9
Social capital-based mental health interventions for refugees: Ukraine and beyond	9
Factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among middle-income and low-income adults in the USA	9
Correction:Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys	9
Do we need consent to obtain consent? Public and participant feedback to using personal health data for recruitment	9
Partner loss and its effect on frailty trajectories: results from the 13-year follow-up Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)	9
Gender identity and sexual orientation: a glossary	9
Flourishing and the scope of medicine and public health	9
Comorbidity patterns, family history and breast cancer risk: a latent class analysis	9
Does (re-)entering the labour market at advanced ages protect against cognitive decline? A matching difference-in-differences approach	9
Syndemic approach to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and educational level: a longitudinal cohort study in northwest Italy	9
Is urban regeneration associated with antidepressants or sedative medication users: a registry-based natural experiment	8
Neighbourhood natural space and the narrowing of socioeconomic inequality in years of life lost: a cross-sectional ecological analysis of the Scottish Burden of Disease	8
Work incapacity among family caregivers: a record linkage study	8
Could diabetes prevention programmes result in the widening of sociodemographic inequalities in type 2 diabetes? Comparison of survey and administrative data for England	8
Trajectories in physical functioning by occupational class among retiring women: the significance of type of retirement and social and health-related factors	8
Income disparities in loss in life expectancy after colon and rectal cancers: a Swedish register-based study	8
Associations of local area level new deal employment in childhood with late life cognition: evidence from the census-linked health and retirement study	8
Transitioning out of work and metabolic syndrome incidence: a longitudinal study among 13 303 older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank	8
Childhood family income and medication use in youth	7
Principles and methods of global legal epidemiology	7
Effect of same-sex marriage legalisation on the health of ethnic minority lesbian, gay and bisexual people: a quasi-experimental study	7
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in people with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis	7
Ethnic group, socioeconomic position and pregnancy outcome: a mediation model through latent class	7
Overdose as a complex contagion: modelling the community spread of overdose events following law enforcement efforts to disrupt the drug market	7
Six-year change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with subsequent stroke risk in the general population	7
Inequalities in adolescent mental health and allocation of students to selective classes in comprehensive schools in Finland: a longitudinal study	7
Prediction models of diabetes complications: a scoping review	7
Heat-related impacts on all-cause emergency hospitalisation differ by area deprivation and urbanicity: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Japan	7
Evaluating the impact on physical inactivity of Together an Active Future, a partnership approach to physical activity promotion. A difference-in-differences study	7
Inequalities in mental health service utilisation by children and young people: a population survey using linked electronic health records from Northwest London, UK	7
Twenty-first century alienation and health: a research agenda	7
Trajectories of antidepressant use before and after union dissolution and re-partnering in later life: a prospective total population register-based cohort study	6
Inequalities in children’s mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study	6
Neurological conditions and subsequent divorce risk in the Nordic countries: the importance of gender and both spouses’ education	6
Perceived discrimination at work: examining social, health and work-related factors as determinants among breast cancer survivors – evidence from the prospective CANTO cohort	6
Multimorbidity as assessed by reporting of multiple causes of death: variations by period, sociodemographic characteristics and place of death among older decedents in England and Wales, 2001–2017	6
Joint associations of depression, genetic susceptibility and the area of residence for coronary heart disease incidence	6
Ethnic-specific characteristics associated with longitudinal response patterns from prebirth to 12 years: evidence fromGrowing Up in New Zealand	6
Income inequality and ‘hospitalisations of despair’ in Canada: a study on longitudinal, population-based data	6
Intergenerational relationship between parental famine exposure and offspring’s obesity risks	6
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on hospital presentations and admissions in the context of low community transmission: evidence from time series analysis in Melbourne, Australia	6
Social inequalities in child development: the role of differential exposure and susceptibility to stressful family conditions	6
Impact of offspring and their educational level on readmission and death among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study using multistate survival models	6
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during landscape fire events and the risk of cardiorespiratory emergency department attendances: a time-series study in Perth, Western Australia	6
Lethal use of force surveillance: practical considerations for open-source database linkage	6
Closing the health inequity gap during the pandemic: COVID-19 mortality among racial and ethnic groups in Connecticut, March 2020 to December 2021	6
Adverse effects related to tattoos in the community setting: a systematic review	6
Socioeconomic position at the age of 30 and the later risk of a mental disorder: a nationwide population-based register study	6
Using administrative data to evaluate national policy impacts on child and maternal health: a research framework from the Maternal and Child Health Network (MatCHNet)	5
Correction: Frequent police stops, parental incarceration and mental health: results among US non-Hispanic Black and White adolescent girls and boys	5
Food insecurity and mental health: new answers and remaining questions	5
Psychiatric consequences of a father’s leave policy by nativity: a quasi-experimental study in Sweden	5
Association between matched chronotype and poor mental health among shift workers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis	5

Association of census tract-level incarceration rate and life expectancy in New York State	5
Associations between adolescent psychiatric disorders and adulthood payment problems: a Norwegian register study of complete birth cohorts of 1995–1997	5
High long-term mortality in ischaemic heart disease accentuated among ethnic minorities in Eastern Europe: findings from a prospective all-comers percutaneous coronary intervention registry in Romania	5
Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study	5
Four-year trajectories of episodic memory decline in mid-late life by living arrangements: a cross-national comparison between China and England	5
Childhood adversity and COVID-19 outcomes in the UK Biobank	5
Occupational socioeconomic risk associations for head and neck cancer in Europe and South America: individual participant data analysis of pooled case–control studies within the INHANCE Consortium	5
Substitutions of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: associations with mental health in middle-aged and elderly persons	5
Association of disability with mortality in the Spanish adult non-institutionalised population	5
Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019	5
Chronic disease prevalence and preventive care among Ontario social housing residents compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study	5
Sociodemographic determinants of intraurban variations in COVID-19 incidence: the case of Barcelona	5
Hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexican indigenous people: a cross-sectional observational study	5
Trends in disability-free life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia between 2001 and 2011 by social disadvantage	5
Morbidity among resettled refugees at arrival in Ontario, Canada (1994–2017): a controlled interrupted time series study examining the effect of the Immigration Refugee Protection Act, 2002	5
Do people reduce compliance with COVID-19 guidelines following vaccination? A longitudinal analysis of matched UK adults	5
Association between democratic governance and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study	5
Low-income neighbourhood was a key determinant of severe COVID-19 incidence during the first wave of the epidemic in Paris	5
Changing relationship between income inequality and mortality	5
Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: perspectives on evidence synthesis	4
Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: analysis of the UK ONS COVID-19 infection survey	4
Association of infection withToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraon cognitive function among US adults aged 60 and over, NHANES 2011–2014	4
Sex and gender terminology: a glossary for gender-inclusive epidemiology	4
Accounting for time-varying exposures and covariates in the relationship between obesity and diabetes: analysis using parametric g-formula	4
Do chronic diseases moderate the association between psychosocial working conditions and work exit? Longitudinal results from 55 950 Dutch workers	4
Children’s right to the city and their independent mobility: why it matters for public health	4
Disparities in severe neonatal morbidity and mortality between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal births in Western Australia: a decomposition analysis	4
Longitudinal patterns of childhood homelessness and early adolescent trajectories of internalising and externalising behaviour	4
Alcohol use and internal migration in Nepal: a cross-sectional study	4
Advancing migration and health research by examining return migration	4
Impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start children’s centres on childhood obesity in England: a longitudinal ecological study	4
Effect of smoking on physical function in older adults: a Mendelian randomisation analysis	4
Examining the impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start Children’s Centres on childhood obesity: a commentary	4
Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England	4
Violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: consequences for sleep problems	4
Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: research agenda for a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health	4
Maternal cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy increases the risk of severe neonatal morbidity after delivery: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study	4
Population frailty trends by education and income levels over a period of 30 years: findings from Swedish registry data	4
Global inequity of COVID-19 diagnostics: challenges and opportunities	4
Socioeconomic gaps over time in colorectal cancer survival in England: flexible parametric survival analysis	4
Economic inequality and depressive symptoms: an individual versus aggregate-level analysis using Mexican survey data	4
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves in Scotland: a national record linkage study	4
Estimated glucose disposal rate and risk of arterial stiffness and long-term all-cause mortality: a 10-year prospective study	4
Factors associated with the use of psychedelics, ketamine and MDMA among sexual and gender minority youths in Canada: a machine learning analysis	4
War in Nagorno-Karabakh highlights the vulnerability of displaced populations to COVID-19	4
What does ‘following the guidance’ mean in an era of increasingly pluralistic guidance for the development, evaluation and implementation of interventions?	4
Trends in healthcare utilisation for firearm-related injuries among a cohort of publicly insured children in Ohio	4
Cumulative protective factors are associated with decreased risk for prescription opioid misuse among high school students	4
Changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality by occupational skill during COVID-19 epidemic in Spain	4
Do adult children increase the chances of receiving the recommended hospital treatment among older adults with heart disease?	4
Sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 burden: changing patterns over four pandemic waves in Israel	4
Height, social position and coronary heart disease incidence: the contribution of genetic and environmental factors	4
Impact of alcohol taxes on violence in Hong Kong: a population-based interrupted time series analysis	4
Response to: 'Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: perspectives on evidence synthesis' by Hossainet al	4
Impacts of a medical-legal partnership on clinical capacity to address social determinants of health	4
Personalised multicomponent interventions for tobacco dependence management in low socioeconomic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis	4
Strategy for primary prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and mitigation of climate change in Italy	3
Gender-inclusive writing for epidemiological research on pregnancy	3
Evaluating bias with loss to follow-up in a community-based cohort: empirical investigation from the CARRS Study	3
Suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other new-generation antidepressants in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies	3
Social inequalities and the pandemic of COVID-19: the case of Rio de Janeiro	3
Trajectories of phenotypical frailty over a decade in young–old community-dwelling adults: results from the Lc65+ study	3
Associations of early retirement and mortality risk: a population-based study in Taiwan	3
Household income, fetal size and birth weight: an analysis of eight populations	3
Early career researchers’ thoughts on academic careers: updated evidence from the Society for Social Medicine and Population Health	3
Need for better reporting of trials with surrogate endpoints: SPIRIT|CONSORT-SURROGATE extensions	3
Health-related quality of life associated with sensory impairment in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cohort study	3
Drug prescriptions and dementia incidence: a medication-wide association study of 17000 dementia cases among half a million participants	3
Comparing population-level mental health of UK workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study using Understanding Society	3
Brief intervention using the PaperWeight Armband to identify older people at risk of undernutrition in the community: a preliminary evaluation	3
Traumatic brain injury, collision sports participation, and neurodegenerative disorders: narrative power, scientific evidence, and litigation	3
Public health unit funding per capita and seasonal influenza vaccination among youth and adults in Ontario, Canada in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019	3
Excess mortality among people in homelessness with substance use disorders: a Swedish cohort study	3
Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications: a population-based data-linkage study among 25 713 people with diabetes	3
COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health	3
Childhood adversity is associated with hospitalisations and survival following external causes and non-communicable diseases: a 46-year follow-up of a Stockholm birth cohort	3
Mediating role of multimorbidity in inequality in mortality: a register study on the Danish population	3
Creative leisure activities, mental health and well-being during 5 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a fixed effects analysis of data from 3725 US adults	2
Key considerations in understanding retirement’s health impact	2
Causal links between socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomisation study	2
Trajectories of work ability from mid-life to pensionable age and their association with retirement timing	2
Exploring the role of blood pressure in the black-white disparity in cardiovascular disease mortality: a causal mediation analysis	2
Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study	2
Social security cuts and life expectancy: a longitudinal analysis of local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales	2
Frailty or sarcopenia: which is a better indicator of mortality risk in older adults?	2
Degree of housing damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and all-cause mortality in the community-based cohort study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project	2
Uterine fibroids and incidence of depression, anxiety and self-directed violence: a cohort study	2
Dietary patterns and birth outcomes in the ELSPAC pregnancy cohort	2
Clustering by multiple long-term conditions and social care needs: a cross-sectional study among 10 026 older adults in England	2
Loss of a child and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a Danish population-based prospective cohort study	2
How does income affect mental health and health behaviours? A quasi-experimental study of the earned income tax credit	2
Cost-effectiveness of extending the HPV vaccination to boys: a systematic review	2
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their impact on changes in general mortality inequalities: evidence from England and Wales, Finland, and Italy (Turin)	2
Lack of consistency in measurement methods and semantics used for network measures in adolescent health behaviour studies using social network analysis: a systematic review	2
Psychotherapy use among migrants: a register-based longitudinal study	2