International Journal of Fatigue

Article	Citations
Torsional-loaded notched specimen fatigue strength prediction based on mode I and mode III critical distances and fracture surface investigations with a 3D optical profilometer	200
Editorial Board	192
Fatigue crack propagation of planar three-dimensional cracks	162
Editorial Board	138
Evaluation of crack-closure by second harmonic thermoelastic stress analysis	122
Effect of misalignments and welding penetration on the fatigue strength of a common welded detail: SED method predictions and comparisons with codes	105
Thermo-mechanical fatigue induced unexpected strain hardening of Cu clip wiring on transfer-mold type EV power modules	104
Corrigendum to “Size effect in fatigue modelling of defective materials: Application of the calibrated weakest-link theory” [Int. J. Fatigue 165 (2022) 107213]	101
Combined loading effect on high cycle fatigue fracture behaviors of a stainless steel welded structure of elbow and socket	96
Multiaxial plain and notch fatigue strength of thick-walled ductile cast iron EN-GJS-600-3: Combining multiaxial fatigue criteria, theory of critical distances, and defect sensitivity	94
Fatigue failure mechanisms and influential factors for aluminum alloy and its welded joint in a high-speed train	91
Thermomechanical testing and modelling of railway wheel steel	84
A comparative study using water atomized and gas atomized powder in laser powder bed fusion – Assessment of the fatigue performance	84
Microstructure sensitivity of the low cycle fatigue crack initiation mechanisms for the Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy: in-situ SEM study and crystal plasticity simulation	83
Evaluation of the endurance limit of notch intersections under inner-pressure loading	83
Effect of three-stage heat treatment on the composite waveform and variable amplitude fatigue properties of TC4 titanium alloy pulsed laser-arc hybrid welded joints	82
Fatigue crack growth due to spectrum load produced by trains in a bridge	80
Influence of the loading rate of force on the formation of deformation twins in martensitic stainless steel under repetitive loading–unloading process	80
Experimental evaluation of multiaxial test-tailored specifications based on Fatigue Damage multi-Spectra	73
An efficient/accurate multi-scale fatigue prediction method for Metal-Polymer hybrid (MPH) interface	72
Variations on a critical distance theme	71
An automated measurement method for the fatigue crack propagation based on decorrelated digital image correlation	71
Near-tip residual stress as an independent load interaction mechanism	70
The effect of temperature on slip in microtextured Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo under dwell fatigue	70
Thermo-mechanical fatigue deformation and fracture mechanisms of nickel-based powder metallurgy superalloy	69

Life prediction of cord/rubber laminates under multiaxial fatigue	67
Defect sensitivity in L-PBF AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy subjected to fatigue load: Effect of load ratio and torsion loading	66
Explainable machine learning-based fatigue assessment of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion	65
Bolt fatigue in CFRP joints	65
Fatigue strength evaluation of 5059 aluminum alloy welded joints Considering welding deformation and residual stress	64
Life degradation and damage mechanism of ZL114A aluminum alloy under pre-corrosion fatigue in simulated tropical marine atmospheric environment	63
Squats on the Great Britain rail network: Possible root causes and research recommendations	62
Investigation on the fatigue behavior of 7075 aluminum alloy at different aging states	60
Numerical and experimental investigations on fretting fatigue properties of GH4169 superalloy at the elevated temperature	60
Effects of tensile load hold time on the fatigue and corrosion-fatigue behavior of turbine blade materials	60
Fatigue performance and failure mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted abrasive-belt-ground Inconel 718	60
Mechanical fatigue of biodegradable polymers: A study on polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)	58
The microstructure evolution of ballastless track high-strength concrete exposed to compressive and flexural fatigue loads	56
Evaluation of scale invariance in fatigue crack growth in metallic materials	55
Fatigue life study of superelastic NiTi Shape Memory Alloys using self-heating under cyclic loading method	55
Fatigue prediction criteria for rubber antivibration design with temperature effects	55
Corrosion and corrosion-fatigue properties of composite ceramic coated aluminum alloy formed by combining surface nanocrystallization pre-treatment, micro-arc oxidation, and sealing post-treatment	55
Internal fatigue crack propagation in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy: An in situ study	54
Molecular dynamics simulation of thermomechanical fatigue properties of Ni-based single crystal superalloys	53
Impact of single structural voids on fatigue properties of AISI 316L manufactured by laser powder bed fusion	53
Nonlocal fretting fatigue assessment for dovetail joints	52
A hybrid ANN-multiaxial fatigue nonlocal model to estimate fretting fatigue life for aeronautical Al alloys	50
Probabilistic flexural fatigue strength of ultra-lightweight cement concrete and high strength lightweight aggregate concrete	50
Self-heating and fatigue crack growth behavior of reinforced NR/BR nanocomposites with different blending ratio	49
The fatigue mechanism and a new defect-based life prediction model for selective laser melted Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy	49
Physics-guided machine learning frameworks for fatigue life prediction of AM materials	49
Fatigue properties and S-N curve estimating of 316L stainless steel prepared by SLM	49
Effect of peening with fine iron-sulfide particles on the rotating bending fatigue properties of low alloy steel and formation of iron-sulfide layer	49
Fatigue assessment of EA4T railway axles under artificial surface damage	48
Impact of dynamic strain aging on multiaxial low cycle fatigue behavior of nickel-based alloy 690 at 350 °C	47
Micro-surface crack inspection with arc-shaped bi-grating laser ultrasound spectroscopy	46
The effect of laser shock peening, shot peening and their combination on the microstructure and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy	45
Effect of modified gradient fields on the high-cycle fatigue crack initiation mechanism of Ti6Al4V alloy	45
Remaining useful life prediction via a deep adaptive transformer framework enhanced by graph attention network	45
Effects of post-processing and loading orientation on high-cycle fatigue of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V	45
Generalization of the Weibull probabilistic compatible model to assess fatigue data into three domains: LCF, HCF and VHCF	44
Fatigue crack propagating behavior from inner surface crack on bent sheet of ultra-high strength steel	44
Numerical modelling of a new FCP model and a correlation of the FCP rate with the constraint	44
Effect of powder heat treatment on fatigue mechanisms of freestanding AA7075 cold spray deposits	44
Experimental insight on the fatigue resistance of FV520B-I stainless steel under corrosive environments	44
Fatigue performance of TPMS-based AlSi10Mg architected cellular materials fabricated via hybrid and powder bed fusion methods	43
Fatigue limit of Ni-based superalloy 718 relative to the shear-mode crack-growth threshold: A quantitative evaluation considering the influence of crack-opening and -closing stresses	43
Influence of the mean stress on the fatigue life of welded joints under variable amplitude loading	43
Remaining fatigue endurance of gusset plate connections from a dismantled railway bridge	43
Hybrid-driven probabilistic damage assessment of creep-fatigue-oxidation interaction	43
Tension-tension fatigue behavior of hybrid glass/carbon and carbon/carbon composites	43
Crack nucleation from non-metallic inclusions in aluminum alloys described by peridynamics simulations	42
Very high cycle fatigue of a nickel-based superalloy at room and elevated temperatures: Interior failure behavior and life prediction	42
Neural network based fatigue lifetime prediction of metals subjected to block loading	42
The mechanism of the effect of dual-sided waterjet peening on the surface integrity and fatigue performance of 12 mm thick Inconel 718	41

Parameter estimation of a high-cycle fatigue model combining the Ottosen-Stenström-Ristinmaa approach and Lemaitre-Chaboche damage rule	41
Fatigue characteristics of rubber isolation layers used in high speed railway ballastless tracks: A theoretical and experimental study	41
Fretting fatigue total life assessment including wear and a varying critical distance	41
Fatigue performance testing and life prediction of welded fuel pipes	41
Creep-fatigue interaction and damage behavior in 9-12%Cr steel under stress-controlled cycling at elevated temperature: Effects of holding time and loading rate	41
A novel and robust method to quantify fatigue damage in fibre composite materials using thermal imagine analysis	41
Effect of over-ageing on the tensile and torsional fatigue properties of the AlSi7Cu0.5 Mg0.3 precipitation-hardened cast aluminium alloy	41
A modified cyclic elastoplastic constitutive model considering the variational dynamic recovery term of back stress for FGH95 under asymmetrical cyclic loading	41
Fatigue testing and end of life investigation of a topology optimized connecting rod fabricated via selective laser melting	41
A deviatoric tensile-based critical plane model to predict peak/mean normal stress effects in multiaxial fatigue	41
Prediction of surface crack growth life for AA7075-T6 under nonproportional loading	40
Editorial Board	40
Influence of non-metallic inclusions on the high cycle fatigue strength of steels	40
A TCD-based statistical method to assess the impact of surface roughness and pores on the fatigue strength of LPBF Inconel 718 specimens	40
Editorial Board	40
Constitutive model for high temperature deformation of SiMo cast iron: Application to thermo-mechanical fatigue of exhaust manifolds	40
Investigation on the fatigue crack growth behavior of welded joints in EH690 high-strength marine steel	40
A probabilistic model for low-cycle fatigue crack initiation under variable load cycles	40
Oxide nodule assisting fatigue crack initiation in hierarchical anisotropic nanostructured Mg-RE alloy	40
Influence of load ratio on fatigue crack growth behavior of SS316L(N) using a two parameter model	40
Fatigue strength prediction of large-size component through size effect measurement and determination	39
Rolling contact fatigue failure mechanism of bearing steel on different surface roughness levels under heavy load	39
Stored energy density research on the fatigue crack initiation at twin boundary and life prediction of Inconel718 superalloy	39
Compressive fatigue resistance and related microscopic mechanisms in foamed polyurethane grouting materials for roadbed rehabilitation	39
A novel method for characterizing the fatigue crack propagation of steel via the weak magnetic effect	39
Fatigue behaviour of laser shock peened AISI D2 tool steel	38
Early fatigue damage evaluation based on nonlinear Lamb wave third-harmonic phase velocity matching	38
Experimental characterization and numerical modeling of the influence of a proof load on the fatigue resistance of welded structures	37
Frequency-domain characterization of varying random vibration loading by a non-stationarity matrix	37
Influence of free water on compressive fatigue properties of ECC	37
Defect-based characterization of the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured titanium aluminides	37
Microstructural effects on short fatigue crack propagation in cast Al-Si alloys	37
Flexural fatigue behavior and damage evolution analysis of aeolian sand concrete under freeze–thaw cycle	37
Fiber fracture behavior of high-pressure resin transfer molded (HP-RTM) carbon/epoxy multidirectional laminates under compression-compression fatigue loading	37
Estimation of residual stress relaxation in low alloy steel with different hardness during fatigue by in situ X-ray measurement	37
Size-effects affecting the fatigue response up to 109 cycles (VHCF) of SLM AlSi10Mg specimens produced in horizontal and vertical directions	37
The synergetic effects of shot peening and laser-shot peening on the microstructural evolution and fatigue performance of a medium carbon steel	37
A novel Finite Fracture Mechanics approach to assess the lifetime of notched components	37
Determination of the fatigue equation for the cement-stabilized cold recycled mixtures with road construction waste materials based on data-driven	37
Surface globularization generated by standard PBF-EB Ti-6Al-4V processing achieves an improvement in fatigue performance	36
Detection and localization of fatigue crack using nonlinear ultrasonic three-wave mixing technique	36
Effects of residual stress on orientation dependent fatigue crack growth rates in additively manufactured stainless steel	36
Prediction of actual fatigue test temperature and isothermal fatigue life curves for non-crystallising rubber under fully relaxing uni-axial loading conditions	36
The competing role of defects and surface roughness on the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy	36
Influence of production batch related parameters on static and fatigue resistance of LPBF produced AlSi7Mg0.6	36
Physically-based modelling of the fatigue crack initiation life of stent components under cyclic loading employing the Finite-Element-Method (FEM)	36
Low-cycle fatigue design of welded offshore pipe components: A modern view on ASME B31 code	36
Quantitative investigation of slip band activities in a bimodal titanium alloy under pure fatigue and dwell-fatigue loadings	35
Investigating the influence of residual stresses on fatigue crack growth for additively manufactured titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by using peridynamics	35
Numerical calibration and experimental validation of the direct current potential drop (DCPD) method for fracture mechanics fatigue testing of single-edge-crack round bars	35
Multiaxial fatigue of Inconel 718 produced by Selective Laser Melting at room and high temperature	35
Effect of sample size on the maximum value distribution of fatigue driving forces in metals and alloys	35
Corrosion-fatigue property of anodic oxidation coated 6082-T6 aluminium alloy: Effect of substrate residual stress and microstructure beneath coating-substrate interface	35
Comparison of fatigue life and flexibility between aluminum-composite and aluminum–aluminum bolted joints	34
Stress, damage, and fatigue performance analysis of CFRP/Al double-sided countersunk riveted joints with variable rivet-hole clearance	34
Fatigue damage evolution and self-healing performance of asphalt materials under different influence factors and damage degrees	34
The influence of cyclic ageing on the fatigue performance of bonded joints	34
Artificial intelligence modeling of ultrasonic fatigue test to predict the temperature increase	34
Fatigue life prediction of aluminum alloy via knowledge-based machine learning	34
Influence of anelastic recovery on the cyclic creep behavior of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy	34
On small fatigue crack growth rates in AA7085-T7452	33
Crack growth in laser powder bed fusion fabricated alloy 718 at 650 °C under static and cyclic loading	33
Fatigue life prediction of a L-PBF component in Ti-6Al-4V using sample data, FE-based simulations and machine learning	33
Microstructure and fatigue crack growth behavior of heat-treated electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy	33
On the transition from shear to tensile failure mode in multiaxial fatigue	33
Deterioration of performances and structures of cement pastes under the action of thermal cycling fatigue	33
A study on fatigue damage and crack initiation in austenitic steel matrix during very high cycle fatigue	33
A phase-field model for low-cycle fatigue of brittle materials	33
Evaluation of fatigue damage of a railhead using an indentation test, acoustic methods and microstructural observations	33
3D characterization of closure of surface and internal fatigue cracks in nodular cast iron using Digital Volume Correlation of laboratory X-ray tomography images	33
A fatigue perspective on damage accumulating in lithium-ion batteries under dynamic cycling	32
Effect of milling surface topography and texture direction on fatigue behavior of ZK61M magnesium alloy	32
Directions of high cycle fatigue cracks emanating from circular notches studied by optical profilometry	32
Fatigue strength evaluation method based on fatigue crack extension mechanism in BCC martensitic steels	32
Fatigue performance of notched and hot-dip galvanized laser and mechanically cut S960 steel components considering local defects with the theory of critical distances	32
Effect of surface coating on fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior of AISI D2 tool steel	31
Energy dissipation and rheological property degradation of asphalt binder under repeated shearing with different oscillation amplitudes	31
Probabilistic fatigue damage modelling	31
Contact fatigue life estimation for asymmetric helical gear drives	31
Effect of Inconel 625 coating via high-speed laser direct energy deposition on the fatigue characteristics of Q235 steel	31

A kinetics-based model of fatigue crack growth rate in bituminous material	31
Editorial Board	31
Damage healing mechanisms in polycrystalline copper under unconstraint ultrasonic vibration treatment	31
Estimating the multiaxial fatigue behaviour of C45 steel specimens by using the energy dissipation	31
Near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior of the weld metal and heat-affected zone in an ex-service CrMoV steel joint	31
Effect of misorientation on the fatigue life of nickel-base single crystal superalloy DD5 at 980 °C	30
Effective stress and fatigue life prediction with mean stress correction models on a ferritic stainless steel sheet	30
Geometric discontinuity effect on creep-fatigue behaviors in a nickel-based superalloy hole structure considering ratcheting deformation	30
A deep learning-based fatigue crack growth rate measurement method using mobile phones	30
Modeling of functional fatigue of SMA-based actuators under thermomechanical loading and Joule heating	30
Effect of build direction on tension–tension low cycle fatigue behavior of polyamide 12 parts printed by Multi Jet fusion	30
Influence of the accelerated corrosion exposure on the fatigue behaviour of welded joints treated by high frequency mechanical impact	30
Editorial Board	30
A review of fatigue damage detection and measurement techniques	29
The coupling effects of oxidation and temperature on the low cycle fatigue deformation behavior of CM 247 DS LC alloy	29
Effect of non-proportional stress states caused by varying phase shifts on the fatigue life of welded joints	29
Editorial Board	29
Accelerating phase transformation in a non-equiatomic CoCrNi alloy under low-cycle fatigue deformation	29
Global-local fatigue approaches for snug-tight and preloaded hot-dip galvanized steel bolted joints	29
Influence of post-processing heat treatment on the cyclic deformation behaviour of AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy subjected to laser powder bed fusion	29
Fatigue behaviors of ultrasonic surface rolling processed AISI 1045: The role of residual stress and gradient microstructure	29
Withdrawal notice to “Artificial neural networks – Assisted very-high-cycle corrosion fatigue of completion string” [Int. J. Fatigue 193 (2025) 108796]	29
Life prediction and damage analysis of creep-fatigue combined with high-low cycle loading by using a crystal plasticity-based approach	29
A combined elastic–plastic framework unifying the various cyclic softening/hardening behaviors for heat resistant steels: Experiment and modeling	29
Studies on high-temperature fatigue behaviour and mechanism for conventionally cast and directed energy deposited forms of Alloy 625	29
Effect of ultrasonic peening treatment on the crack initiation behavior of extruded Mg-Gd-Zn-Zr alloys under very high cycle regime	29
Fretting fatigue mechanism of 40CrNiMoA steel subjected to the ultrasonic surface rolling process: The role of the gradient structure	29
Fatigue life prediction of notched components under size effect using strain energy reformulated critical distance theory	29
Variance of fatigue damage in narrowband Gaussian random loadings: Exact solution and approximations	29
Effect of geometrical irregularities on fatigue of lead sheathing for submarine high voltage power cable applications	29
A framework for automating the parameter determination of crack growth models	29
Low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue interaction behavior of C630R ferritic/martensitic heat-resistant steel at high temperature	29
The challenges of quasi-static and fatigue experiments of structural adhesives	29
Fatigue behaviour of AA5052-H36 laser-welded overlap joints: Effect of stitch-weld orientation and gap bridging	29
High cycle fatigue life estimation of punched and trimmed specimens considering residual stresses and surface roughness	29
Quantitative analysis of the effect of foam morphology on the quasi-static and cyclic-dynamic tensile properties	28
The Ʃ3 twin dependence of thermo-mechanical fatigue of a polycrystalline high-purity Cu film	28
Creep-fatigue interaction of soft adhesive under shear loading: Damage diagram and life prediction model	28
Understanding the relation between creep-fatigue fracture mechanisms and intergranular dislocation accommodation of a high chromium steel using nanoindentation characterization	28
Response spectrum method for fatigue damage assessment of mechanical systems	28
Dynamic fatigue damage behaviors and mechanisms of overhead transmission Al wires at elevated temperatures	28
Combining electric discharge surface alloying and high-frequency mechanic impact post-processing for increased corrosion fatigue life of as-welded transverse non-load-carrying attachments of the S355	28
Multiaxial fatigue life prediction based on effective factor with shear/axial stress ratio for Ti60 titanium alloy in very high cycle regime	28
Isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue crack growth behavior and modelling of 316LN stainless steel with the superposition of HCF loading	28
Evolution of thermally induced white etching layer at rail surface during multiple wheel/train passages	28
On the influence of cyclic loadings on the magnetic permeability of ferritic-pearlitic AISI 1045 steel	28
Issues encountered in the application of multiaxial fatigue strength methods to experiments with various stress distributions	28
A numerical study of fatigue of hardened cement paste at the microscale	28
A comparison of conventional and additively manufactured 316L under thermomechanical fatigue	28
A coupled wear and crack initiation-propagation methodology for fretting fatigue life assessment in press-fitted axles	28
Influence of the ratio between specimen thickness and grain size on the fatigue and tensile properties of plain and notched aluminium plate specimens	28
Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms for improving fatigue life under high temperature low cycle fatigue in FGH95 alloy	27
Fatigue and fracture behaviour of (Al-Cu-Li) AA2198 under different ageing conditions	27
Ratcheting-fatigue behavior and fracture mechanism of 316H ASS under cyclic random loading block	27
Influence of crystalline structure on creep resistance capability in semi-crystalline Polymers: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study	27
Residual stress effects on fatigue life prediction using hardness measurements for butt-welded joints made of high strength steels	27
An overview and comparative assessment of approaches to multi-axial fatigue of welded components in codes and standards	27
Response of an aluminium Schwarz triply periodic minimal surface lattice structure under constant amplitude and random fatigue	27
A comparative assessment of the effects of laser shock peening and ultrasonic shot peening on surface integrity and ratcheting fatigue performance of HSLA steel	27
A lifetime model for creep-fatigue interaction with applications to the creep resistant steel P92	27
Fatigue life evaluation of adhesive joints in a real structural component	27
Cyclic plasticity behavior and deformation mechanism of 1Cr18Ni10Ti pressure pipe subjected to in-service loadings	27
Combining fractal and topological analyses to quantify fracture surfaces in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V	27
Exploring the strengthening mechanisms of additive manufactured metals treated by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification	27
Effect of different loading conditions on corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of a nickel-based alloy in supercritical water	27
Effect of rivet arrangement on fatigue performance of electromagnetic riveted joint with	27
Extension of the static equivalent stress hypotheses to linearly vibrating systems using wave interference – The LiWi approach	27
A mechanistic framework for tensile fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures	27
Crystal plasticity theory coupled with meso-damage to predict the ratchetting behavior of nickel-based single crystal superalloy	27
Defect-induced cracking and fine granular characteristics in very-high-cycle fatigue of laser powder bed fusion AlSi10Mg alloy	27
Effect of heat treatment temperature and turning residual stresses on the plain and notch fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion	26
An improved manson-halford model for multi-level nonlinear fatigue life prediction	26
Effect of aging state on corrosion fatigue properties of 7075 aluminum alloy	26
Fatigue crack growth behavior of marine steel under variable amplitude loading-combining DIC technique and SEM observation	26
Microstructure-Sensitive modeling of surface roughness and notch effects on extreme value fatigue response	26
Microstructural and load hold effects on small fatigue crack growth in α+β dual phase Ti alloys	26
An improved fatigue accumulation damage model based on load interaction and strength degradation	26
A multiaxial low-cycle fatigue prediction method under irregular loading by ANN model with knowledge-based features	26
Complete fatigue crack arrest in metallic structures using bonded prestressed iron-based shape memory alloy repairs	26
Experimental and numerical study on press-fitted railway axles: Fretting fatigue behaviour in the very high cycle regime	26
Defect tolerant fatigue assessment of AM materials: Size effect and probabilistic prospects	26
Torsional fatigue behaviour and damage mechanisms of martensitic spring steel in the HCF regime	26
Analysis and testing of tread braked railway wheel — Effects of hot spots on wheel performance	26
Investigation on fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of quasi-3D woven composites under combined high and low cycle fatigue	26
On the fatigue ductile-brittle transition of EA4T steel for high-speed railway axle	26
Predicting the fatigue life of T800 carbon fiber composite structural component based on fatigue experiments of unidirectional laminates	25
Improving the reliability of NiTi endodontic files using eddy currents, thermography and fatigue tests: A multimethod approach	25
Calculations of biaxial fatigue limits with models using the experimental crack direction	25
Effect of vibration amplitude and axle load on the rail rolling contact fatigue under water condition	25
Estimation of weld defects size distributions, rates and probability of detections in fabrication yards using a Bayesian theorem approach	25
Fatigue tests and damage model development on Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloys with low-velocity impact pit	25
An experimental investigation into the influence of incorrect root gaps in welded-in transverse stiffeners on fatigue performance	25
Estimation of residual fatigue life of high-strength steel welded joints based on diffuse ultrasound	25
Effect of microstructure on the fatigue crack growth behavior of 9%Cr martensitic steel at different stress ratios under 630 ℃	25
Nonproportionally multiaxial cyclic plastic deformation of U75 rail steel: Experiment and modeling	25