IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Article	Citations
50 Years of Transactions on Software Engineering	642
Computation Tree Logic Guided Program Repair	444
Confirmation Bias and Time Pressure: A Family of Experiments in Software Testing	323
Shield Broken: Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Vulnerability Detectors	152
Towards Scalable Model Checking of Reflective Systems via Labeled Transition Systems	150
Can We Trust the Phone Vendors? Comprehensive Security Measurements on the Android Firmware Ecosystem	144
Prevent: An Unsupervised Approach to Predict Software Failures in Production	143
Just-in-Time Prediction of Software Architectural Changes Through Commit-Level Analyses	143
The Why, When, What, and How About Predictive Continuous Integration: A Simulation-Based Investigation	125
A Retrospective on Whole Test Suite Generation: On the Role of SBST in the Age of LLMs	120
Deobfuscation of Control Flow Flattening Based on Abstract Interpretation	117
Do as You Say: Consistency Detection of Data Practice in Program Code and Privacy Policy in Mini-App	109
How Composite Metamorphic Relations Enhance Test Effectiveness of DNN Testing: An Empirical Study	102
Visibility of Domain Elements in the Elicitation Process Interviews: A Family of Empirical Studies	102
Answering Uncertain, Under-Specified API Queries Assisted by Knowledge-Aware Human-AI Dialogue	95
Efficiently Testing Distributed Systems via Abstract State Space Prioritization	92
Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces	90
Tackling Expressive Feature-Modeling Constructs with Pseudo-Boolean d-DNNF Compilation	88
MalElves: Reinforcement Learning-Driven Adversarial Example Generation for Evading Cross-Platform ELF Malware Detection	87
LHGLink: LLM—Enhanced Heterogeneous Graph Learning for Issue–Issue Link Prediction	86
DPSSX: Detecting and Preventing SQLi and Stored XSS Induced by Expressions in Web Application SQL Statements via Static-Dynamic Analysis	85
Influence of the 1990 IEEE TSE Paper “Automated Software Test Data Generation” on Software Engineering	84
To Do or Not to Do: Semantics and Patterns for Do Activities in UML PSSM State Machines	83
Are Your Dependencies Code Reviewed?: Measuring Code Review Coverage in Dependency Updates	82
Spotting Setting-Related UI Display Bugs in Android Apps	78

Enhancing Blockchain Robustness through Efficient Feedback-Driven Chaos Engineering	78
A Declarative Metamorphic Testing Framework for Autonomous Driving	76
RPHunter: Unveiling Rug Pull Schemes in Crypto Token via Code-and-Transaction Fusion Analysis	75
DSSDPP: Data Selection and Sampling Based Domain Programming Predictor for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	72
Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation	71
Automatic Fairness Testing of Neural Classifiers Through Adversarial Sampling	70
Advanced Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection via LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems	69
Enhancing Mobile App Bug Reporting via Real-Time Understanding of Reproduction Steps	67
Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion by Inferring Internal API Information	66
Combining Genetic Programming and Model Checking to Generate Environment Assumptions	61
Mission Specification Patterns for Mobile Robots: Providing Support for Quantitative Properties	61
Multi-Granularity Detector for Vulnerability Fixes	60
2023 Reviewers List	59
Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for Software Engineering	59
T-Evos: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study on CI Test Execution and Failure	58
Detecting Malicious Packages in PyPI and NPM by Clustering Installation Scripts	58
Mole: Efficient Crash Reproduction in Android Applications With Enforcing Necessary UI Events	58
An Empirical Study of Refactoring Rhythms and Tactics in the Software Development Process	57
Boosting Compiler Fault Localization: Getting the Best of Both Worlds by Fusing Dynamic and Historical Data	57
A Theory of Pending Schemas in Combinatorial Testing	57
An Empirical Study of Software Refactorings in Real-World Open-Source Java Projects	55
δ-SCALPEL: Docker Image Slimming Based on Source Code Static Analysis	53
Efficient State Identification for Finite State Machine-Based Testing	53
Towards Automated Discovery of Asymmetric Mempool DoS in Blockchains	52
Measuring the Fidelity of a Physical and a Digital Twin Using Trace Alignments	52
Esale: Enhancing Code-Summary Alignment Learning for Source Code Summarization	51
GenMorph: Automatically Generating Metamorphic Relations via Genetic Programming	51
MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction	50
Automated Code Editing With Search-Generate-Modify	50
Systematic Evaluation and Usability Analysis of Formal Methods Tools for Railway Signaling System Design	49
Multimodal Fusion for Android Malware Detection Based on Large Pre-Trained Models	49
P-NPR: Practical Neural Program Repair via Learning to Ensemble	49
Robust Test Selection for Deep Neural Networks	48
Towards a Cognitive Model of Dynamic Debugging: Does Identifier Construction Matter?	48
Mutation Testing in Practice: Insights From Open-Source Software Developers	48
Mask–Mediator–Wrapper Architecture as a Data Mesh Driver	47
Trace Diagnostics for Signal-Based Temporal Properties	47
Neural Library Recommendation by Embedding Project-Library Knowledge Graph	47
A Systematic Review of IoT Systems Testing: Objectives, Approaches, Tools, and Challenges	47
Multi-Objective Software Defect Prediction via Multi-Source Uncertain Information Fusion and Multi-Task Multi-View Learning	43
A Survey for LLM Agent Trajectory Analysis: From Failure Attribution to Enhancement	43
MBL-CPDP: A Multi-Objective Bilevel Method for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	42
Mitigating False Positive Static Analysis Warnings: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities	42
How Should Software Engineering Secondary Studies Include Grey Material?	41
Decision Support for Selecting Blockchain-Based Application Design Patterns With Layered Taxonomy and Quality Attributes	41
A Faceted Taxonomy of Requirements Changes in Agile Contexts	41
EpiTESTER: Testing Autonomous Vehicles With Epigenetic Algorithm and Attention Mechanism	41
Human-in-the-Loop Automatic Program Repair	41
From Open Source to Industry: A Replication Study of AAA Test Structure in Envestnet	41
Program Synthesis for Cyber-Resilience	40

Evaluating and Improving GPT-Based Expansion of Abbreviations	39
Weighted Community Division for Automated Software Architecture Refactoring	39
An Experience Report on Producing Verifiable Builds for Large-Scale Commercial Systems	39
TransformCode: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Code Embedding via Subtree Transformation	39
An Empirical Study of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in Code Change Learning and Beyond	38
AC2Next: A Novel Model That Can Predict the Next Animation API by Fusing the Animation API Context and the UI Animation Task	38
Evolutionary generation of test suites for multi-path coverage of MPI programs with non-determinism	38
Generalized Coverage Criteria for Combinatorial Sequence Testing	38
Context-Aware Personalized Crowdtesting Task Recommendation	38
Triple Peak Day: Work Rhythms of Software Developers in Hybrid Work	37
Annotative Software Product Line Analysis Using Variability-Aware Datalog	36
Discovering Reusable Functional Features in Legacy Object-Oriented Systems	36
Legion: Massively Composing Rankers for Improved Bug Localization at Adobe	36
LLMorpheus: Mutation Testing Using Large Language Models	35
Pathidea: Improving Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization by Re-Constructing Execution Paths Using Logs	35
On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures	35
API2Vec++: Boosting API Sequence Representation for Malware Detection and Classification	35
Untangling Intricate Dependencies: Characterizing and Resolving Software Package Dependencies	35
Leveraging Large Language Model for Automatic Patch Correctness Assessment	35
Pull Request Decisions Explained: An Empirical Overview	34
Automated Refactoring of Non-Idiomatic Python Code With Pythonic Idioms	34
When Voice Meets Touch: Conflict Analysis in Mobile Applications	33
Evaluating and Improving Unified Debugging	33
Typestate-Based Fault Localization of API Usage Violations in a Deep Learning Program	33
Microservice Extraction Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Logical Independence and Performance	33
Exploring and Analyzing Software Architecture Refactoring in Practice	33
From Tea Leaves to System Maps: A Survey and Framework on Context-Aware Machine Learning Monitoring	32
SigRec: Automatic Recovery of Function Signatures in Smart Contracts	32
Self-Admitted GenAI Usage in Open-Source Software	32
“Estimating Software Project Effort Using Analogies”: Reflections After 28 Years	32
Automated Commit Message Generation With Large Language Models: An Empirical Study and Beyond	31
How Do Developers Structure Unit Test Cases? An Empirical Analysis of the AAA Pattern in Open Source Projects	31
Empirical Validation of Automated Vulnerability Curation and Characterization	31
DAppSCAN: Building Large-Scale Datasets for Smart Contract Weaknesses in DApp Projects	31
DiffGAN: A Test Generation Approach for Differential Testing of Deep Neural Networks for Image Analysis	31
What Drives and Sustains Self-Assignment in Agile Teams	31
Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning for Improving Retrieve-and-Edit Based Assertion Generation	30
Practitioners’ Expectations on Log Anomaly Detection	30
Test Flakiness Across Programming Languages	30
Increasing the Confidence of Deep Neural Networks by Coverage Analysis	30
Evaluation of Static Vulnerability Detection Tools With Java Cryptographic API Benchmarks	30
Just-In-Time Obsolete Comment Detection and Update	29
Not All Synthetic Vulnerabilities Are What You Need for Training Deep Vulnerability Detectors	29
Cost-Effective Adversarial Attacks Against Code LLM With Model Attention	28
A Study About the Knowledge and Use of Requirements Engineering Standards in Industry	28
Beyond Functional Correctness: Exploring Hallucinations in LLM-Generated Code	28
Detecting Continuous Integration Skip Commits Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Search	27
Nighthawk: Fully Automated Localizing UI Display Issues via Visual Understanding	27
Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications	27
Mind the Gap! A Study on the Transferability of Virtual Versus Physical-World Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems	27
Towards Exploring Developers’ Struggles in Developing Upgradeable Smart Contracts	26
A Systematic Study on Real-World Android App Bundles	26
From Executable Specifications to Hard-to-Specify Requirements: Challenges in Describing Reactive System Behavior	26
Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Quasi-Experiments	26
The Analysis of Safety Critical Software Systems	26
Reaching Software Quality for Bioinformatics Applications: How Far Are We?	26
Improving Cross-Language Code Clone Detection via Code Representation Learning and Graph Neural Networks	25
AdaptGen: A Problem-Adaptive Solution Template Generation Technique for Online Programming Platforms	25
Cross-Language Taint Analysis: Generating Caller-Sensitive Native Code Specification for Java	25
Predictive Comment Updating With Heuristics and AST-Path-Based Neural Learning: A Two-Phase Approach	25
No Resource, No Benchmarks, No Problem? Evaluating and Improving LLMs for Code Generation in No-Resource Languages	25
Deconstructing the Nature of Collaboration in Organizations Open Source Software Development: The Impact of Developer and Task Characteristics	25
Provably Valid and Diverse Mutations of Real-World Media Data for DNN Testing	25
Causality-Aware Safety Testing for Autonomous Driving Systems	25
STRE: An Automated Approach to Suggesting App Developers When to Stop Reading Reviews	25
Understanding the Robustness of Transformer-Based Code Intelligence via Code Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities	24
FlakyFix: Using Large Language Models for Predicting Flaky Test Fix Categories and Test Code Repair	24
Assessing Evaluation Metrics for Neural Test Oracle Generation	24
NumScout: Unveiling Numerical Defects in Smart Contracts Using LLM-Pruning Symbolic Execution	24
Does AI Code Review Lead to Code Changes? A Case Study of GitHub Actions	24
CRPWarner: Warning the Risk of Contract-Related Rug Pull in DeFi Smart Contracts	24
Large-Scale Empirical Analysis of Continuous Fuzzing: Insights From 1 Million Fuzzing Sessions	24
On the Validity of Pre-Trained Transformers for Natural Language Processing in the Software Engineering Domain	23
Diversity-Oriented Testing for Competitive Game Agent via Constraint-Guided Adversarial Agent Training	23
Subgraph-Oriented Testing for Deep Learning Libraries	23
Forecasting the Principal of Code Technical Debt in JavaScript Applications	23
The Impact of Prompt Programming on Function-Level Code Generation	23
CodeS+: Towards Assessing the Generalization Ability of Code Models Under Distribution Shift	23
iTCRL: Causal-Intervention-Based Trace Contrastive Representation Learning for Microservice Systems	23
A Grounded Theory of Cross-Community SECOs: Feedback Diversity Versus Synchronization	23

Line-Level Defect Prediction by Capturing Code Contexts With Graph Convolutional Networks	23
Parameterized Verification of Leader/Follower Systems via Arithmetic Constraints	23
Automated Use-After-Free Detection and Exploit Mitigation: How Far Have We Gone?	23
Towards Robust Detection for Malicious Injection Variants	23
Beyond the Sum of Parts: Leveraging Entanglement for Bug Inducing Commit Localization	22
DyCITO+: Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Generating Class Integration Test Orders of Java Programs	22
What Characterizes Pairwise Modular Smells?	22
FCGHunter: Towards Evaluating Robustness of Graph-Based Android Malware Detection	22
Mithra: Anomaly Detection as an Oracle for Cyberphysical Systems	22
Unearthing Gas-Wasting Code Smells in Smart Contracts With Large Language Models	22
Hashing Fuzzing: Introducing Input Diversity to Improve Crash Detection	22
Beyond Literal Meaning: Uncover and Explain Implicit Knowledge in Code Through Wikipedia-Based Concept Linking	22
Do Pretrained Language Models Indeed Understand Software Engineering Tasks?	22
Stakeholder Preference Extraction From Scenarios	22
Practical Mutation Testing at Scale: A view from Google	21
Syntactic Versus Semantic Similarity of Artificial and Real Faults in Mutation Testing Studies	21
ArchHypo: Managing Software Architecture Uncertainty Using Hypotheses Engineering	21
The Power of Small LLMs: A Multi-Agent for Code Generation via Dynamic Precaution Tuning	21
Understanding and Detecting Scalability Faults in Large-Scale Distributed Systems	21
Range Specification Bug Detection in Flight Control System Through Fuzzing	21
How Templated Requirements Specifications Inhibit Creativity in Software Engineering	21
Let’s Talk With Developers, Not About Developers: A Review of Automatic Program Repair Research	21
SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection	21
A Variability Fault Localization Approach for Software Product Lines	21
Automated Infrastructure as Code Program Testing	20
Domain-Driven Design for Microservices: An Evidence-Based Investigation	20
Learning to Predict User-Defined Types	20
Misactivation-Aware Stealthy Backdoor Attacks on Neural Code Understanding Models	20
Causes and Canonicalization of Unreproducible Builds in Java	20
Boosting Generalizable Fairness With Mahalanobis Distances Guided Boltzmann Exploratory Testing	20
Retrospective on: Constraint-Based Automatic Test Data Generation	20
A Comparison of Natural Language Understanding Platforms for Chatbots in Software Engineering	20
PopArt: Ranked Testing Efficiency	20
Does Treatment Adherence Impact Experiment Results in TDD?	20
The “Question Neighbourhood” Approach for Systematic Evaluation of Code-Generating LLMs	19
Translating to a Low-Resource Language with Compiler Feedback: A Case Study on Cangjie	19
Bridging Bug Localization and Issue Fixing: A Hierarchical Localization Framework Leveraging Large Language Models	19
Onboarding Software Professionals in a Hybrid World	19
Towards More Precise Coincidental Correctness Detection With Deep Semantic Learning	19
Studying the Influence and Distribution of the Human Effort in a Hybrid Fitness Function for Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering	19
Concretization of Abstract Traffic Scene Specifications Using Metaheuristic Search	19
Boosting high-review-value warning line identification with unsupervised line-level defect prediction	19
Verification of Fuzzy Decision Trees	19
Clopper-Pearson Algorithms for Efficient Statistical Model Checking Estimation	19
Engineering Within Boundaries When Software Has None	19
Active Code Learning: Benchmarking Sample-Efficient Training of Code Models	19
Generating Structurally Realistic Models With Deep Autoregressive Networks	19
The Human Side of Software Engineering Teams: An Investigation of Contemporary Challenges	19
Runtime Evolution of Bitcoin's Consensus Rules	19
A Little Help Goes a Long Way: Tutoring LLMs in Solving Competitive Programming Through Hints	19
Do Chase Your Tail! Missing Key Aspects Augmentation in Textual Vulnerability Descriptions of Long-Tail Software Through Feature Inference	18
Efficient Black-Box Fault Localization for System-Level Test Code Using Large Language Models	18
Emerging App Issue Identification via Online Joint Sentiment-Topic Tracing	18
A Retrospective of Proving the Correctness of Multiprocess Programs	18
Isolating Compiler Faults Through Differentiated Compilation Configurations	18
SCAnoGenerator: Automatic Anomaly Injection for Ethereum Smart Contracts	18
Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models	18
Accelerating Finite State Machine-Based Testing Using Reinforcement Learning	18
An Assessment of Rules of Thumb for Software Phase Management, and the Relationship Between Phase Effort and Schedule Success	18
Software Testing With Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision	18
PATEN: Identifying Unpatched Third-Party APIs via Fine-Grained Patch-Enhanced AST-Level Signature	18
Evaluating SZZ Implementations: An Empirical Study on the Linux Kernel	18
Multitask-Based Evaluation of Open-Source LLM on Software Vulnerability	18
Dealing With Data Challenges When Delivering Data-Intensive Software Solutions	18
Examiner-Pro: Testing Arm Emulators Across Different Privileges	18
Factors Affecting On-Time Delivery in Large-Scale Agile Software Development	17
A Framework for Evaluating GenAI Adoption and Use in Software Engineering	17
Investigating the Feasibility of Conducting Webcam-Based Eye-Tracking Studies in Code Comprehension	17
A Search-Based Testing Approach for Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents	17
AddressWatcher: Sanitizer-Based Localization of Memory Leak Fixes	17
RNN-Test: Towards Adversarial Testing for Recurrent Neural Network Systems	17
Fast and Precise Static Null Exception Analysis With Synergistic Preprocessing	17
A Framework for Emotion-Oriented Requirements Change Handling in Agile Software Engineering	17
Finding Trends in Software Research	17
Static Profiling of Alloy Models	17
On the Workflows and Smells of Leaderboard Operations (LBOps): An Exploratory Study of Foundation Model Leaderboards	17
DaNuoYi: Evolutionary Multitask Injection Testing on Web Application Firewalls	17
Enforcing Correctness of Collaborative Business Processes Using Plans	16
A Procedure to Continuously Evaluate Predictive Performance of Just-In-Time Software Defect Prediction Models During Software Development	16
Using Symbolic States to Infer Numerical Invariants	16
Let's Go to the Whiteboard (Again): Perceptions From Software Architects on Whiteboard Architecture Meetings	16
HF-DGF: Hybrid Feedback Guided Directed Grey-box Fuzzing	16
OpCodeBERT: A Method for Python Code Representation Learning by BERT With Opcode	16
Malo in the Code Jungle: Explainable Fault Localization for Decentralized Applications	16
FlexFL: Flexible and Effective Fault Localization With Open-Source Large Language Models	16
MultiPL-E: A Scalable and Polyglot Approach to Benchmarking Neural Code Generation	16
Active Learning of Discriminative Subgraph Patterns for API Misuse Detection	16
What Makes Agile Software Development Agile?	16
State of the Journal	16
Darcy: Automatic Architectural Inconsistency Resolution in Java	16
How Toxic Can You Get? Search-Based Toxicity Testing for Large Language Models	16
Neural Transfer Learning for Repairing Security Vulnerabilities in C Code	16
PackHunter: Recovering Missing Packages for C/C++ Projects	16
SmarTracker: Leveraging LLMs to Automate User Behavior Tracking in Mobile Apps	16
DT4LM: Differential Testing for Reliable Language Model Updates in Classification Tasks	16