Thorax

Article	Citations
‘Long-COVID’: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19	616
Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort	412
COVID-19, immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism: biological mechanisms	229
Arterial and venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: a study-level meta-analysis	218
Persistent symptoms 1.5–6 months after COVID-19 in non-hospitalised subjects: a population-based cohort study	207
Cigarette smoke exposure and alveolar macrophages: mechanisms for lung disease	173
A telerehabilitation programme in post-discharge COVID-19 patients (TERECO): a randomised controlled trial	151
Pulmonary fibrosis 4 months after COVID-19 is associated with severity of illness and blood leucocyte telomere length	143
A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations	136
Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort	133
Respiratory epithelial cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19	108
BTS Clinical Statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis	102
Physical, cognitive and mental health outcomes in 1-year survivors of COVID-19-associated ARDS	96
Current smoking and COVID-19 risk: results from a population symptom app in over 2.4 million people	95
Characterisation of patients with severe asthma in the UK Severe Asthma Registry in the biologic era	94
Systematic review and meta-analysis of anakinra, sarilumab, siltuximab and tocilizumab for COVID-19	85
Managing intensive care admissions when there are not enough beds during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review	84
Derivation of a prototype asthma attack risk scale centred on blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide	77
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on emergency asthma admissions and deaths: national interrupted time series analyses for Scotland and Wales	77
Impact of COVID-19 national lockdown on asthma exacerbations: interrupted time-series analysis of English primary care data	73
Decrease in hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide claims study	72
Bacterial biofilms predominate in both acute and chronic human lung infections	68
Severe organising pneumonia following COVID-19	65
Neutrophils in asthma: the good, the bad and the bacteria	65
Development and validation of a prediction model for 30-day mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: the COVID-19 SEIMC score	63

Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma	62
Breathomics for the clinician: the use of volatile organic compounds in respiratory diseases	61
Genome-wide association study across five cohorts identifies five novel loci associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	59
Latent class analysis-derived subphenotypes are generalisable to observational cohorts of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective study	59
Variation in oral microbiome is associated with future risk of lung cancer among never-smokers	58
COVID-19 public health measures: a reduction in hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations	56
Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy	55
Distinct cellular immune profiles in the airways and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19	53
British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease	52
Risk factors for developing COVID-19: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)	49
Non-invasive early exclusion of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: the InShape II study	47
Shift work is associated with positive COVID-19 status in hospitalised patients	47
The long term effect of pulmonary tuberculosis on income and employment in a low income, urban setting	46
Parenchymal lung abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19 and viral pneumonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis	45
Association of the dysfunctional placentation endotype of prematurity with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression	45
Identifying patients at risk of post-discharge complications related to COVID-19 infection	44
Multicentre evaluation of two multiplex PCR platforms for the rapid microbiological investigation of nosocomial pneumonia in UK ICUs: the INHALE WP1 study	44
COPD assessment test for the evaluation of COVID-19 symptoms	41
Aerosol emission from the respiratory tract: an analysis of aerosol generation from oxygen delivery systems	41
Effects of switching from a metered dose inhaler to a dry powder inhaler on climate emissions and asthma control: post-hoc analysis	41
High-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trial	41
COVID-19 hospital activity and in-hospital mortality during the first and second waves of the pandemic in England: an observational study	40
Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease: a randomised controlled equivalence trial	39
Recurrent TB: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence rates and the proportions of relapses and reinfections	37
Effects of exercise training in people with non-small cell lung cancer before lung resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis	35
Asthma exacerbations are associated with a decline in lung function: a longitudinal population-based study	34
Blocking LOXL2 and TGFβ1 signalling induces collagen I turnover in precision-cut lung slices derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	34
Using a smartphone application maintains physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial	34
BTS Clinical Statement on air travel for passengers with respiratory disease	33
Relationship between asthma and severe COVID-19: a national cohort study	33
Effect of nusinersen on respiratory function in paediatric spinal muscular atrophy types 1–3	32
Tracking of lung function from 10 to 35 years after being born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight	31
Epidemiology and prognostic factors of pleural empyema	31
Effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on airway and systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis	31
Functional electrical stimulation in-bed cycle ergometry in mechanically ventilated patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial	31
Medical treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis	31
Diagnostic sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology in malignant pleural effusions: systematic review and meta-analysis	30
COVID-19 vaccine-related interstitial lung disease: a case study	30
COPD-derived fibroblasts secrete higher levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype proteins	30
Short-term association among meteorological variation, outdoor air pollution and acute bronchiolitis in children in a subtropical setting	29
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for outpatients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial	29
Cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review	29
Validity and responsiveness of the Daily- and Clinical visit-PROactive Physical Activity in COPD (D-PPAC and C-PPAC) instruments	29
Lung epithelial cells interact with immune cells and bacteria to shape the microenvironment in tuberculosis	29
Temperature variability and asthma hospitalisation in Brazil, 2000–2015: a nationwide case-crossover study	29
Six-month and 12-month patient outcomes based on inflammatory subphenotypes in sepsis-associated ARDS: secondary analysis of SAILS-ALTOS trial	29
Adaptive servo ventilation for sleep apnoea in heart failure: the FACE study 3-month data	28
Time to get serious about the detection and monitoring of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis	28
Role of extracellular vesicles in chronic lung disease	28
SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures	28

Multiple, objectively measured sleep dimensions including hypoxic burden and chronic kidney disease: findings from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis	28
Clinical phenotypes and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, RSV and seven other respiratory viruses: a retrospective study using complete hospital data	27
Lung microbiota predict invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and its outcome in immunocompromised patients	27
Small airway determinants of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	27
Self-management intervention to reduce pulmonary exacerbations by supporting treatment adherence in adults with cystic fibrosis: a randomised controlled trial	27
Prospective validation of the 4C prognostic models for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol	27
International differences in lung cancer survival by sex, histological type and stage at diagnosis: an ICBP SURVMARK-2 Study	27
Different responses of the oral, nasal and lung microbiomes to cigarette smoke	27
Longitudinal effects of ivacaftor and medicine possession ratio in people with the Gly551Asp mutation: a 5-year study	26
Survival after inpatient or outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: a multicentre retrospective cohort study	26
Impact of chronic use of heat-not-burn cigarettes on oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation: the SUR-VAPES Chronic Study	26
Ambient air pollution exposure and chronic bronchitis in the Lifelines cohort	26
Transcriptome analysis of IPF fibroblastic foci identifies key pathways involved in fibrogenesis	26
Use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of acquiringPseudomonas aeruginosain patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	26
Functional electrical stimulation‐assisted cycle ergometry-based progressive mobility programme for mechanically ventilated patients: randomised controlled trial with 6 months follow-up	26
Impact of lung function on cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors: a two sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study	26
BTS Clinical Statement on the prevention and management of community-acquired pneumonia in people with learning disability	25
Early prognostication of COVID-19 to guide hospitalisation versus outpatient monitoring using a point-of-test risk prediction score	25
Impact of smoking on the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results from a nationwide population-based cohort study	25
Sputum microbiota in adults with CF associates with response to inhaled tobramycin	25
Neural ventilatory drive decline as a predominant mechanism of obstructive sleep apnoea events	25
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in patients with vitamin D deficiency: the ACVID randomised clinical trial	25
Reduced lung function and health-related quality of life after treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Gambian children: a cross-sectional comparative study	25
British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease	25
Peripheral blood leucocyte telomere length is associated with progression of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis	24
Ambient heat exposure and COPD hospitalisations in England: a nationwide case-crossover study during 2007–2018	24
Bronchoscopic needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) as a real-time detection tool for peripheral lung cancer	24
Pleural recurrence after transthoracic needle lung biopsy in stage I lung cancer: a systematic review and individual patient-level meta-analysis	24
Lung cancer probability and clinical outcomes of baseline and new subsolid nodules detected on low-dose CT screening	24
Burden of nosocomial COVID-19 in Wales: results from a multicentre retrospective observational study of 2508 hospitalised adults	24
Rectal organoid morphology analysis (ROMA) as a promising diagnostic tool in cystic fibrosis	23
Respiratory exacerbations are associated with muscle loss in current and former smokers	23
Respiratory and allergic outcomes among 5-year-old children exposed to pesticides	22
A refresh of the top 10 research priorities in cystic fibrosis	22
Inhibition of PDIA3 in club cells attenuates osteopontin production and lung fibrosis	22
Diagnostic accuracy of focused deep venous, lung, cardiac and multiorgan ultrasound in suspected pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis	22
Ambient PM2.5exposure and hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in 11 cities in Shanxi Province, China	22
Joint patient and clinician priority setting to identify 10 key research questions regarding the long-term sequelae of COVID-19	22
Asthma diagnosis: into the fourth dimension	21
Secondhand nicotine vaping at home and respiratory symptoms in young adults	21
‘If not TB, what could it be?’ Chest X-ray findings from the 2016 Kenya Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey	21
Airflow obstruction and small airway dysfunction following pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross-sectional survey	21
Cardiovascular outcomes in obstructive sleep apnoea and implications of clinical phenotyping on effect of CPAP treatment	21
BTS clinical statement on aspiration pneumonia	20
ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy	20
Hormonal contraception and the risk of severe asthma exacerbation: 17-year population-based cohort study	20
Nasal versus oronasal masks for home non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic hypercapnia: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis	20
Global and regional burden of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019	20
Pretreatment of aged mice with retinoic acid supports alveolar regeneration via upregulation of reciprocal PDGFA signalling	19
Observational UK cohort study to describe intermittent oral corticosteroid prescribing patterns and their association with adverse outcomes in asthma	19
Supervised pulmonary rehabilitation using minimal or specialist exercise equipment in COPD: a propensity-matched analysis	19
Eosinophilia and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels in chronic obstructive lung disease	19
British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on pleural procedures	19
Unlocking the secrets of long non-coding RNAs in asthma	19
Greenness may improve lung health in low–moderate but not high air pollution areas: Seven Northeastern Cities’ study	19
Early-life risk factors for reversible and irreversible airflow limitation in young adults: findings from the BAMSE birth cohort	19
Pulse arrival time, a novel sleep cardiovascular marker: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis	19
Longitudinal changes to quadriceps thickness demonstrate acute sarcopenia following admission to hospital for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease	19
Using molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing for tuberculosis diagnosis in a low-burden setting: a cost-effectiveness analysis using transmission-dynamic modelling	18
Non-invasive ventilation versus invasive weaning in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis	18
A prospective longitudinal study of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia (APICAL)	18
DNA methylation is associated with airflow obstruction in patients living with HIV	18
Add-on azithromycin reduces sputum cytokines in non-eosinophilic asthma: an AMAZES substudy	18
Blood eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin are associated with different asthma expression and evolution in adults	18
Respiratory symptoms and lung function in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi: a prospective cohort study	18
External validation of the QCovid risk prediction algorithm for risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality in adults: national validation cohort study in Scotland	18
Characterisation of gas exchange in COPD with dissolved-phase hyperpolarised xenon-129 MRI	18
Endoplasmic reticulum-unfolded protein response signalling is altered in severe eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma	18
Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles reprogramme macrophages in ARDS models through the miR-181a-5p-PTEN-pSTAT5-SOCS1 axis	18
Inhaled pirfenidone solution (AP01) for IPF: a randomised, open-label, dose–response trial	18
Exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review	18
Cost-effectiveness of outpatient versus inpatient non-invasive ventilation setup in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: the OPIP trial	17
Are mesenchymal stem cells and derived extracellular vesicles valuable to halt the COVID-19 inflammatory cascade? Current evidence and future perspectives	17
British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on pulmonary rehabilitation	17
Attributable mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and survival analysis using targeted minimum loss-based estimation	17
Renin-angiotensin system blocker and outcomes of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis	17
Relationship between heart failure and the risk of acute exacerbation of COPD	17
Loss of immune homeostasis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension	17
Pirfenidone in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a double-blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety	16
Quantification of pulmonary perfusion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with first pass dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI	16

Quality of dying and death in patients with interstitial lung disease compared with lung cancer: an observational study	16
Role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in cigarette smoke-induced airways remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	16
Organophosphate and carbamate insecticide exposure is related to lung function change among smallholder farmers: a prospective study	16
Oxygen supplementation during exercise improves leg muscle fatigue in chronic fibrotic interstitial lung disease	16
Association between time-to-treatment and outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review	16
Effect modification of greenness on PM2.5associated all-cause mortality in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohort	16
Effect of exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy and infancy on paediatric allergic rhinitis	16
Improved asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic: are there lessons to be learnt?	16
Lung cancer screening provides an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease	16
Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and individual emergency department visits for COVID-19: a case-crossover study in Canada	15
Inconsistent relationship between depth of sedation and intensive care outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis	15
Common idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk variants are associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis	15
Essential role of smooth muscle Rac1 in severe asthma-associated airway remodelling	15
Fully automated volumetric measurement of malignant pleural mesothelioma by deep learning AI: validation and comparison with modified RECIST response criteria	15
Faster lung function decline in people living with HIV despite adequate treatment: a longitudinal matched cohort study	15
Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in preterm infants: a case of innate immaturity	15
Evaluation of a health and social care programme to improve outcomes following critical illness: a multicentre study	15
Use of preclinical models for malignant pleural mesothelioma	15
Air pollution associated with incidence and progression trajectory of chronic lung diseases: a population-based cohort study	15
Long-term effect of asthma on the development of obesity among adults: an international cohort study, ECRHS	15
Persistent alveolar inflammatory response in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is associated with mortality	15
Selection of eligible participants for screening for lung cancer using primary care data	14
Effect of obesity on airway and systemic inflammation in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Citizen science in the time of COVID-19	14
Elevated plasma level of Pentraxin 3 is associated with emphysema and mortality in smokers	14
Airflow obstruction, impaired lung function and risk of sudden cardiac death: a prospective cohort study	14
Assessing the impact of the 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine on childhood empyema in Australia	14
Chr15q25 genetic variant (rs16969968) independently confers risk of lung cancer, COPD and smoking intensity in a prospective study of high-risk smokers	14
Tumour-infiltrating bystander CD8+T cells activated by IL-15 contribute to tumour control in non-small cell lung cancer	14
British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on occupational asthma	14
Potential for inhibition of checkpoint kinases 1/2 in pulmonary fibrosis and secondary pulmonary hypertension	14
Incidence, treatment and survival of malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma: a population-based study	14
British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on chronic cough in adults	14
Risk and impact of chronic cough in obese individuals from the general population	14
Projecting the impact of triple CFTR modulator therapy on intravenous antibiotic requirements in cystic fibrosis using patient registry data combined with treatment effects from randomised trials	14
Associations of ultrafine and fine particles with childhood emergency room visits for respiratory diseases in a megacity	14
Ceramide and sphingosine-1 phosphate in COPD lungs	14
Impact of interstitial lung abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications and survival of lung cancer	14
Maternal asthma is associated with reduced lung function in male infants in a combined analysis of the BLT and BILD cohorts	14
Grandmaternal smoking, asthma and lung function in the offspring: the Lifelines cohort study	13
In vivo bronchial epithelial interferon responses are augmented in asthma on day 4 following experimental rhinovirus infection	13
Top 10 research priorities for people living with pulmonary fibrosis, their caregivers, healthcare professionals and researchers	13
Nasopharyngeal lipidomic endotypes of infants with bronchiolitis and risk of childhood asthma: a multicentre prospective study	13
Not all vaping is the same: differential pulmonary effects of vaping cannabidiol versus nicotine	13
Beyond borders: cystic fibrosis survival between Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand	13
Topographic heterogeneity of lung microbiota in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the Microbiome in Lung Explants-2 (MiLEs-2) study	13
Oscillatory positive expiratory pressure therapy in COPD (O-COPD): a randomised controlled trial	13
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations may be the only clinical criterion present in genetically confirmed hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia	13
Selective androgen receptor modulation for muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised control trial	13
COVID-19 and what comes after?	13
Five-year outcome of respiratory muscle weakness at intensive care unit discharge: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study	13
Building a home ventilation programme: population, equipment, delivery and cost	13
Lung clearance index predicts pulmonary exacerbations in individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia: a multicentre cohort study	13
Repeatability and sensitivity to change of non-invasive end points in PAH: the RESPIRE study	13
Testing the effects of combining azithromycin with inhaled tobramycin forP. aeruginosain cystic fibrosis: a randomised, controlled clinical trial	13
Derivation and validation of a simple multidimensional index incorporating exercise capacity parameters for survival prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	13
Longitudinal follow-up of postacute COVID-19 syndrome: DLCO, quality-of-life and MRI pulmonary gas-exchange abnormalities	13
Increased advanced glycation end product and meat consumption is associated with childhood wheeze: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	13
British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnosing and monitoring paediatric sleep-disordered breathing	12
Adverse childhood experiences and asthma: trajectories in a national cohort	12
Disadvantage in early-life and persistent asthma in adolescents: a UK cohort study	12
RAND appropriateness panel to determine the applicability of UK guidelines on the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic	12
British Thoracic Society Guideline for diagnosing and monitoring paediatric sleep-disordered breathing	12
SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcomes in users of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers: a nationwide case-control and cohort analysis	12
Circulating microbial cell-free DNA is associated with inflammatory host-responses in severe pneumonia	12
Relative environmental and social disadvantage in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	12
Pulmonary vascular proliferation in patients with severe COVID-19: an autopsy study	12
Longitudinal assessment of lung clearance index to monitor disease progression in children and adults with cystic fibrosis	12
Psychological impact of genetic and clinical screening for pulmonary fibrosis on asymptomatic first-degree relatives of affected individuals	12
An enhanced care package to improve asthma management in Malawian children: a randomised controlled trial	12
Association between lung function of school age children and short-term exposure to air pollution and pollen: the PARIS cohort	12
Subtyping emphysematous COPD by respiratory volume change distributions on CT	12
Lung function in children with cystic fibrosis in the USA and UK: a comparative longitudinal analysis of national registry data	11
Pulmonary emphysema subtypes defined by unsupervised machine learning on CT scans	11
Six-week behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial	11
Performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assays in paediatric tuberculosis: a multicentre PTBNET study	11
Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in hypoxic COPD: EDEN-OX, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over study	11
Single dose of budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol pMDI for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma: a randomised cross-over trial	11
Inhaled corticosteroids reduce senescence in endothelial progenitor cells from patients with COPD	11
Appraising the causal role of smoking in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study	11
Cluster analysis of transcriptomic datasets to identify endotypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	11
Performance of QuantiFERON-TBGold Plus assays in children and adolescents at risk of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional multicentre study	11
Association of heated tobacco product use with tobacco use cessation in a Japanese workplace: a prospective study	11
Effect of quitting smoking on health outcomes during treatment for tuberculosis: secondary analysis of the TB & Tobacco Trial	11
Exposure to inorganic particles in paediatric sarcoidosis: the PEDIASARC study	11
BET proteins are associated with the induction of small airway fibrosis in COPD	11