Taxon

Papers
(The TQCC of Taxon is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-05-01 to 2025-05-01.)
ArticleCitations
(2928) Proposal to conserve the name Engelhardia roxburghiana (Juglandaceae) with a conserved type100
Issue Information59
(151) Proposal to add the concept of “typotype” to the Code46
(155) Proposal to disallow descriptive names for subdivisions of families35
(271) Proposal to add a Note after Article 41.3 to clarify the meaning of “indirect reference” in the context of a basionym or replaced synonym citation34
(267–269) Proposals to define description and amend the definition of diagnosis in Article 3829
Issue Information24
(123–125) Proposals on the retroactivity of conservation22
Description and systematic affinity of flower and seed fossils of Erica sect. Chlorocodon (Ericaceae) from the early Pleistocene of Madeira Island, Portugal20
NOMENCLATURE SECTION NEWS!19
(2980) Proposal to conserve the name Rubus repens (L.) Kuntze against R. repens Weston (Rosaceae)18
(2861) Proposal to conserve the name Rubus ulmifolius against R. creticus, R. vulgaris, and R. inermis (Rosaceae)18
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 70 (5)18
(3009) Proposal to conserve the name Trillium erectum (Melanthiaceae: Parideae) with a conserved type16
(3008) Proposal to conserve the name Philodendron chanchamayense (Araceae) with that spelling15
Resolving the evolutionary history of Ctenium and Kampochloa using phylogenomics, and a new circumscription of Cteniinae (Cynodonteae, Poaceae)12
Grants Program 202512
(2991) Proposal to conserve the name Bombax candolleanum (Eriotheca candolleana) against B. sexdigitatum (Malvaceae)12
(3036) Proposal to conserve the name Chamaemelum Mill. against Chamaemelum Daubenton (Asteraceae)12
(403–406) Proposals to clarify the meaning of rejected and rejected name (Articles 51, 52.1, 53.1 and the Glossary)12
11
Home at last: Molecular phylogenetic analyses support subsuming Metastachydium within Phlomoides (Lamiaceae)11
Issue Information11
The effectiveness and limitations of digital images for taxonomic research11
Typifications appearing in Taxon 71 (2)10
(2887) Proposal to conserve the name Prunus maackii against P. glandulifolia (Rosaceae)10
Botanical Dissertations from the 19th and Early 20th Centuries at the Ohio State University Herbarium (OS)10
A nomenclatural study of Plumeria (Apocynaceae: Plumerieae) in the Caribbean Islands10
(3053) Proposal to conserve the name Juniperus navicularis against J. microphylla and J. hochstetteri (Cupressaceae)10
Issue Information9
Taxon moves to fully online publication in 20249
(2969) Proposal to conserve the name Colurolejeunea tenuicornis (Colura tenuicornis) against Lejeunea ceratophora (Colura ceratophora) (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneac9
(138–141) Proposals regarding types and supersession (amendments to Articles 7.2–7.4, 8.1, and 10.9, and a new Note after Article 9.19)9
Typifications appearing in Taxon 72 (5)9
A revised delimitation of the species‐rich genus Pilea (Urticaceae) supports the resurrection of Achudemia and a new infrageneric classification9
(2891) Proposal to conserve the name Puccinia psidii (Austropuccinia psidii) against Caeoma eugeniarum and Uredo neurophila (Basidiomycota: Pucciniaceae)9
(2823) Proposal to reject the name Riccia sinuata (Marchantiophyta)9
Typifications appearing in Taxon 73 (1)9
Typification of the Linnaean names Croton castaneifolius and C. palustris (Euphorbiaceae)8
(2998) Proposal to conserve the name Anacardium spruceanum against A. braziliense (Anacardiaceae)8
A phylogenetic analysis and new delimitation of the Neotropical genus Werneria (Compositae, Senecioneae)8
Digitization as scientific labor: Critical approaches and recommendations for herbaria8
Species delimitation and biogeography of Cyphostemma (Vitaceae), emphasizing diversification and ecological adaptation in Madagascar8
Erratum8
Consensus classifications are crucial for conservation: How CITES utilizes checklists8
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 71 (2)7
Complete genus‐level phylogenomics and new subtribal classification of the pantropical plant family Annonaceae7
Herbarium TUR Celebrates Its 100 Years7
IAPT chromosome data 387
(185) Proposal to amend Article 48.2 to improve its parallel construction in relation to Article 52.27
Typifications appearing in Taxon 71 (3)7
Comparative wood anatomy and origin of woodiness in subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae)7
Disentangling the historical collection of José Jerónimo Triana from the República de la Nueva Granada between 1851 and 18577
(178) Proposal to exclude electronic material with preliminary pagination from effective publication7
Jack's Appendix: When did it come out?7
(3051) Proposal to conserve the name Thymus marschallianus (Lamiaceae) with a conserved type6
Lectotypification of the Linnaean plant name Durio zibethinus (Malvaceae), based on Rumphius's illustration6
(2985–2986) Proposals to reject the name Amorphophallus peyri, and to conserve the name Amorphophallus spectabilis (Miq.) Engl. against Amorphophallus spectabilis W. Bull (Arac6
Two new Dryopteris taxa originated from distantly related congeners in China6
Phylogenetic position and reinstatement ofGayella(Sapotaceae), a monotypic genus endemic to Chile with an Eocene origin in continental Australia6
Typifications appearing in Taxon 72 (4)6
Species boundaries within the recently diverged South American monocot‐like Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) based on biogeographic, climatic, morphological, and molecular data: E. cerrade6
Character evolution and biogeography of Casearia (Salicaceae): Evidence for the South American origin of a pantropical genus and for multiple migrations to the Caribbean islands6
Phylogenetic analyses of Phaseolinae (Leguminosae) reveal a new genus endemic to limestone outcrops in Seasonally Dry Forests of Bahia, Brazil6
(159) Proposal to add a new Note and Example in Article 30 concerning retracted electronic publications5
Target‐enrichment sequencing reveals for the first time a well‐resolved phylogeny of the core Bromelioideae (family Bromeliaceae)5
(2958) Proposal to conserve the name Marattia attenuata (Ptisana attenuata) against M. acuminata (Marattiaceae)5
(2929–2931) Proposals to conserve the names Dipterocarpoxylon with a conserved type against Hippocrateoxylon, Dryobalanoxylon against Naucleoxylon, and Shoreoxylon a5
Typification of Adanson's generic name Pacoseroca (Zingiberaceae) and its implications5
International Botanical Congress News5
(2996) Proposal to conserve the name Acorus calamus var. americanus (A. americanus) (Acoraceae) with a conserved type5
(2997) Proposal to conserve Arundo multiplex (Bambusa multiplex) (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) with a conserved type5
(2857) Proposal to conserve the name Myagrum paniculatum (Neslia paniculata) (Cruciferae) with a conserved type5
(306–314) Proposals to address subsequent type designations (Articles 9.14, 9.19 and Recommendation 9A.4)5
A phylogenetic survey of the ascomycete genus Arthrorhaphis (Arthrorhaphidaceae, Lecanoromycetes) including new species in Arthrorhaphis citrinella sensu lato5
News From IAPT5
Phylogenomics of the Caribbean melocacti: Cryptic species and multiple invasions5
(2899) Proposal to conserve the name Oxalis eckloniana C. Presl against O. eckloniana F. Dietr. and O. bifolia (Oxalidaceae)5
Typification of the Linnaean name Illecebrum paronychia (Caryophyllaceae)5
(2903) Proposal to conserve the name Juncus acuminatus Michx. against J. acuminatus Balb. (Juncaceae) and including the lectotypification of J. paradoxus5
5
Typifications appearing in Taxon 74 (1)4
(2856) Proposal to reject the name Pereskia glomerata (Cumulopuntia glomerata) (Cactaceae)4
Elias Magnus Fries's fungus exsiccatiScleromyceti Sueciae: New light on the obscure “fascicle nine”4
Typifications appearing in Taxon 71 (6)4
About the new guidelines for the preliminary evaluation of general nomenclature manuscripts submitted to TAXON4
Phylogenomics of African Melastomateae (Melastomataceae): Revisiting generic relationships, placement of three enigmatic taxa and description of two new genera4
Node ages, relationships, and phylogenomic incongruence in an ancient gymnosperm lineage – Phylogeny of Ephedra revisited4
(2948) Proposal to conserve the name Croton fuscescens (Julocroton fuscescens) against C. gnaphaloides (Euphorbiaceae)4
A sectional classification of Diplazium Sw. (Athyriaceae), based on plastid genomic, nuclear ribosomal, and morphological evidence4
In memoriam Charles Jeffrey (1934–2022)4
(192) Insert a new Chapter E in Division II on a Code of Ethics4
(175) Proposal to amend Article 14.1 to allow conservation of names of subdivisions of genera and of infraspecific taxa4
Typifications appearing in Taxon 70 (6)4
A plea to DNA barcode type specimens: An example fromMicropholis(Sapotaceae)4
A pragmatic and prudent consensus on the resurrection of extinct plant species using herbarium specimens4
(3065) Proposal to reject the name Cistus racemosus (Cistaceae)4
4
Re‐examining the placement ofHydrostachysusing a large‐scale phylogenetic approach4
(2950) Proposal to conserve the name Cacao sylvestris (Theobroma sylvestre) (Malvaceae: Byttnerioideae) with a conserved type4
(114) Proposal to amend Article 23.2 and Recommendation 23A.3 to eliminate arbitrary formation of, and future use of hyphens in, specific epithets4
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 72 (2)4
Typifications appearing in Taxon 74 (2)3
Making Lantaneae (Verbenaceae) taxonomy useful: A phylogenetic classification3
Correction to “A phylogeny of Cereus (Cactaceae) and the placement and description of two new species”3
(3047) Proposal to conserve the name Ctenitis against Atalopteris (Dryopteridaceae)3
(2934) Proposal to conserve the name Acalypha multicaulis against A. pruriens and A. ruderalis (Euphorbiaceae)3
Typifications appearing in Taxon 72 (6)3
(207–216) Proposals on orthography: Epithets in apposition, and more3
Escaping the voluntary constraints of “tyre‐track” taxonomy3
Typifications appearing in Taxon 71 (4)3
(3080) Proposal to conserve the name Acalypha ostryifolia against A. persimilis (Euphorbiaceae)3
Is it all Phacelia pinnatifida? Molecular delimitations and taxonomic revision of Phacelia sect. Glandulosae in South America based on ddRADseq3
DNA sequences as types: A discussion paper from the Special‐purpose Committee established at the XIX International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China3
(391–394) Proposals to clarify “inclusion of the type” and “exclusion of a type” (Articles 48.2., 52.2, 22.2 and 26.2)3
Unveiling the aftermath of conflict and herbarium specimens’ loss: Typifications of species described by Pohl within the Neotropical genus Vellozia3
Global phylogeny and taxonomic reassessment of the lichen genusDendriscosticta(Ascomycota: Peltigerales)3
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 723
(227) Proposal to permit a binding decision on whether or not an indirect reference to a basionym or replaced synonym is sufficient for valid publication of a name3
(2988) Proposal to reject the name Salicornia arabica (Chenopodiaceae)3
(2901) Proposal to conserve the name Larrea nitida against Mimosa balsamica (Larrea balsamica) (Zygophyllaceae)3
(3067) Proposal to conserve the name Ustilago tritici against U. passerinii and U. ehrenbergiana (Basidiomycota: Ustilaginaceae) and associated typification of Ti3
Dated phylogeny, phylogeography, and classification of Allium subgenus Amerallium (Amaryllidaceae) from the Old World, based on six DNA fragments3
Morphological and molecular analyses consistently support the existence of two species under Hypochaeris achyrophorus (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)3
IAPT chromosome data 39 – Extended version3
(2918) Proposal to conserve the name Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich. (Macrozamia riedlei) against C. riedlei Dum. Cours. (Cycadaceae)3
Supporting a young age for the North American deserts: Historical biogeography of Grusonia (Cylindropuntieae) in a Plio‐Pleistocene temporal framework3
(3027–3028) Proposals to conserve the names Polypodium asperum (Cyathea aspera) and C. muricata (Cyatheaceae) with conserved types3
(3002) Proposal to conserve the name Crotalaria ferruginea against C. leioloba (Fabaceae)3
Molecular systematics of Cuscuta subgenus Monogynella (Convolvulaceae) based on plastid and nuclear sequences3
(233–240) Proposals on orthography: Epithets honouring persons3
(2889) Proposal to conserve the name Podozamites against Preissleria (fossil Pinophyta: Podozamitales)3
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 732
(349) Proposal to amend the Preamble by adding a “Non‐Discrimination Statement”2
Capitulum: The Compositae Newsletter reloaded2
Aenigmanu, a new genus of Picramniaceae from Western Amazonia2
(2873) Proposal to conserve the name Ceratellopsis with a conserved type (Basidiomycota: Agaricales)2
Balkan‐Anatolian biogeographic links and the evolutionary significance of Anatolian mountains, as evidenced by Cardamine (Brassicaceae)2
Molecular insights on the conflicting generic boundaries in the Carduncellus‐Carthamus complex (Compositae)2
(274–280) Proposals to amend the Code to harmonize botanical and zoological nomenclature used for the so‐called “ambiregnal” microorganisms (as exemplified by fossils)2
(3056) Proposal to conserve the name Rubus canescens against R. aetnicus and R. argenteus (Rosaceae)2
(2862) Proposal to conserve the name Valeriana scouleri (Valerianaceae) with a conserved type and including the lectotypification of V. hookeri2
Phylogenomics, morphological evolution, and taxonomic revision of Spirotropis, a newly delimited legume genus of ecologically dominant Amazonian tree species2
A new sectional classification of Lachenalia (Asparagaceae) based on a multilocus DNA phylogeny2
Phylogenomics resolves the rediscovered Himalayan endemic Brachymeniopsis gymnostoma (Bryophyta, Funariaceae), as a species of Entosthodon, prompting also the transfer of Clavitheca p2
(101) Request for a binding decision on the descriptive statement associated with Pyrenaria jonquieriana2
Systematic and taxonomic revision of the genus Austrocactus (Cactaceae) based on morphology and genome wide SNP‐data2
Rebuttal to: (100) Request for a binding decision on whether the names Parisia Broth. (Dicranaceae) and Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue (Polypodiaceae) are sufficiently alik2
2
(3046) Proposal to conserve the name Agaricus pes‐caprae (Porpoloma pes‐caprae, Pseudoporpoloma pes‐caprae) against A. multiformis (Basidiomycota: Tricholomatacea2
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 72 (4)2
(286–289) Proposals on institutional votes, especially to reduce geographical imbalance2
Typifications appearing in Taxon 73 (4)2
Typification of Linnaean Barleria (Acanthaceae) binomials based on Indian material2
A reappraisal of the proposal to reject the name Bignonia coccinea (Bignoniaceae)2
Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of the genus Sclerophylax (Solanaceae)2
Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis: A new assessment of the São Paulo part of his collecting itinerary, its vegetation, and species list2
(2964) Proposal to conserve the name Boehmeria puya (Maoutia puya, Leucosyke puya) (Urticaceae) with a conserved type2
In defense of the primacy of the Nomenclature Section in decision‐making in botanical nomenclature: A reply to the Rapporteurs’ comment on Proposal 193 to amend the Shenzhen Code2
IAPT chromosome data 402
(221) Proposal to add a new Recommendation after Article 38, with the advice to report local/indigenous vernacular names (if available) of new taxa and to use such names, if appropriate, in scientific2
(3004) Proposal to reject the name Oenothera muricata (Onagraceae)2
(2843) Proposal to conserve the name Bertolonia carmoi against B. ovata (Melastomataceae)2
(2990) Proposal to conserve the name Millettia thyrsiflora (Aganope thyrsiflora) against Dalbergia alata (Leguminosae‐Papilionoideae)2
Issue Information2
(126) Proposal to add a new Article 61.6 to permanently and retroactively eliminate epithets with the root caf[e]r‐ or caff[e]r‐ from the nomenclature of algae, fungi and plants2
(320–324) Proposals to clarify the term “description”, define “validating description” and clarify two Examples (Article 38)2
A nomenclatural review of the name Echinocactus williamsii (Lophophora williamsii): Correct author and year of publication2
Uncovering the hidden diversity of the rosette‐forming Selaginella tamariscina group based on morphological and molecular data2
(395–402) Proposals to clarify homonyms, new combinations, names at new ranks, replacement names, misapplications and ineffective typifications (Articles 48, 6, 7, 40 and the Glossary)2
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 70 (4)2
Nomenclature of the Beeswax bracket (Ganoderma pfeifferi), a European wood decay fungus with medicinal properties2
In support of a broad concept of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae)2
Report of the General Committee: 241
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 251
(2817) Proposal to conserve the name Erysimum violascens (Cruciferae)1
(2833) Proposal to conserve the name Phalacroma (Dinophysales: Dinophyceae)1
(2971) Proposal to conserve the name Polycnemum majus against Camphorosma acuta (Amaranthaceae s.l.)1
(222) Proposal to amend Article 40.4 to avoid an unintended conflict with Article 40.21
(3007) Proposal to conserve the name Pleopeltis thunbergiana (Lepisorus thunbergianus) against P. elongata (L. elongatus) (Polypodiaceae)1
(3048) Proposal to conserve Stylochiton (Araceae) with that spelling and being of masculine gender1
(3079) Proposal to conserve the name Alliaria (Cruciferae) with a conserved type1
Issue Information1
“Rhodes‐” must fall: Some of the consequences of colonialism for botany and plant nomenclature1
Typifications of the N.L. Burman and Linnaean names in Polygala, Polygalaceae1
(3069) Proposal to conserve the name Elaphoglossum metallicum against E. pachycraspedon (Dryopteridaceae)1
Phylogenomic data reveal four major clades of Australian Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae)1
Nomenclatural type of the Linnaean name Sibthorpia africana and its synonym Sibthorpia balearica (Plantaginaceae, Sibthorpieae)1
(2927) Proposal to conserve the name Vella (Cruciferae) with a conserved type1
Integrative taxonomy of the model liverwort Riella helicophylla (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales) reveals its extreme rarity and an overlooked widespread new species, R. macrocarpa1
A new Spathiphyllum (Araceae) from Mexico segregated by its morphology and floral scent from closely related species1
Typification of the Linnaean name Arum peregrinum (Araceae)1
(2898) Proposal to conserve the name Pycnarrhena against Antitaxis (Menispermaceae)1
Disentangling relationships in Euphorbia agraria s.l. (Euphorbiaceae) in south‐east Europe: One or two species?1
Typifications appearing in Taxon 73 (3)1
(2979) Proposal to conserve the name Ranunculus isthmicus against R. schowii (Ranunculaceae)1
Molecular and morphological delimitation of species in Strombomonas (Euglenaceae) including a protocol for DNA isolation utilising a chelating resin1
(375–376) Proposals to address valid publication based on information in the protologue (Articles 40, 8 Ex. 3 and 9.2)1
Phylogenomics and generic limits of Dypsidinae (Arecaceae), the largest palm radiation in Madagascar1
(083–087) Proposals to amend Article 10 concerning the typification of generic names1
(163–164) Proposals to amend Article 8 Ex. 3 and to add a new Note to Article 38, with comments on “types” represented by two or several gatherings1
Tragopogon pratensis: Multiple introductions to North America, circumscription, and the formation of the allotetraploid T. miscellus1
(2818) Proposal to conserve the name Ficus trigona (Moraceae) with a conserved type1
Professor Rudolf Schmid1
(2865–2866) Proposals to conserve the name Pyrenopezizaceae against Excipulaceae and Pyrenopeziza, nom. prot., with a conserved type (Fungi: Ascomycota: Leotiomyc1
Typifications appearing in Taxon 70 (3)1
(3032) Proposal to conserve Spergularia, nom. cons., against the additional name Corion (Caryophyllaceae, Sperguleae)1
(363–368) Proposals regarding holotypes1
Thank You To Reviewers1
1
AdvancingPyrusphylogeny: Deep genome skimming‐based inference coupled with paralogy analysis yields a robust phylogenetic backbone and an updated infrageneric classification of the pear genus (1
Typifications appearing in Taxon 70 (5)1
(319) Proposal to allow current practice on rank interpretation to continue1
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 241
(167) Proposal to add a new paragraph to Recommendation 9B on designation of a neotype from the locality of a replaced type1
Phylogenetic revision of Dennstaedtioideae (Dennstaedtiaceae: Polypodiales) with description of Mucura, gen. nov.1
(329–338) Proposals to permit DNA sequences to serve as types of names in prescribed circumstances1
Nomenclatural novelties appearing in Taxon 73 (4)1
(112–113) Proposals to amend Recommendations 20A.1 and 23A.3 to expand the diversity of new generic names and epithets1
(2942) Proposal to conserve the name Dicksonia bipinnata (Dennstaedtia bipinnata, Mucura bipinnata) (Dennstaedtiaceae) with a conserved type1
(3011) Proposal to conserve the name Polpoda capensis against Camphorosma paleacea (Molluginaceae)1
Typification of Sphaeria sinensis to precisely fix the application of the name of the economically important Chinese caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis1
Issue Information1
Attempts to introduce a system of national, racial and/or ethnocultural discrimination in codes of biological nomenclature should not be tolerated: Comments on some recent proposals (Wright & Gill1
(3041) Proposal to conserve the name Erythroxylum suberosum against Steudelia brasiliensis (Erythroxylaceae)1
(193) Proposal to democratize aspects of the governance of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants1
(3037) Proposal to reject the name Arisaema cochinchinense (Pinellia cochinchinensis) (Araceae)1
(2855) Proposal to conserve the name Lilium humboldtii against L. puberulum (Liliaceae)1
(152–153) Proposals to remove an unintended restriction on the typification of genera and subdivisions of genera1
1
Classification of Selaginellaceae and responses to “Rebuttal to ‘(2943) Proposal to conserve Selaginella, nom. cons., (Selaginellaceae) with a conserved type’: An unwarranted and disruptive ide1
Phylogeny and reclassification of Lampranthus (Ruschieae, Aizoaceae) in southern Africa1
(2959–2960) Proposals to conserve the name Abelmoschus against Laguna, and Pavonia, nom. cons., against the additional names Malvaviscus and Malachra (Malvaceae1
(3001) Proposal to conserve the name Jatropha pelargoniifolia against Adenoropium forskaolii (Euphorbiaceae)1
Defending Art. 51 of theCode: Comments on Smith & al. (2022)1
Status, typification, and synonymy of some early names for South Asian and Oceanian plants proposed in Urtica or in other genera now in the Urticaceae1
(326) Proposal to make clearer what details are needed to indicate or designate a type (Article 40 Note 2)1
(2872) Proposal to conserve the name Huea (Ascomycota: Teloschistales) with a conserved type1
(2974) Proposal to conserve the name Frankenia ericifolia C. Sm. ex DC. against F. ericifolia Salisb. (Frankeniaceae)1
Fossil or non‐fossil? A best‐practice guide for archaeobotanical taxa1
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossils: 181
Taxonomy and nomenclature ofSphenopterisand allied fossil‐genera of Carboniferous seed‐plant fronds1
A revised tribal classification of Papaveraceae (poppy family) based on molecular and morphological data1
(282) Proposal to amend Article 60 Note 4 by specifying possible options of the grammatical gender and number of epithets honouring certain non‐binary persons1
The plant checklist: Building the foundation of botanical knowledge in South Africa1
Typification of two aquatic plant names described by Linnaeus from highly heterogeneous original elements: Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae) and Sparganium erectum (Typhaceae)1
A single origin of leaflessness in Afro‐Malagasy angraecoids (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)1
Phylogeny, character evolution and taxonomic revision of Causonis, a segregate genus from Cayratia (Vitaceae)1
1
Is Delicata Krammer a validly published genus name? Trying to put light on Article 20.21
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