Solar Energy

Article	Citations
A review and recent advances in solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion based on photocatalytic water splitting over doped-TiO2 nanoparticles	252
Comprehensive device modelling and performance analysis of MASnI3 based perovskite solar cells with diverse ETM, HTM and back metal contacts	198
Review of power system impacts at high PV penetration Part I: Factors limiting PV penetration	173
Verification of deterministic solar forecasts	163
Optimization of an inorganic lead free RbGeI3 based perovskite solar cell by SCAPS-1D simulation	138
Worldwide validation of 8 satellite-derived and reanalysis solar radiation products: A preliminary evaluation and overall metrics for hourly data over 27 years	126
Enhancement of hemispherical solar still productivity using iron, zinc and copper trays	119
Review on efficiency improvement effort of perovskite solar cell	100
Review on persistent challenges of perovskite solar cells’ stability	95
The booming of floating PV	95
Enhancing the solar still performance using reflectors and sliding-wick belt	95
Development on evacuated tube solar collectors: A review of the last decade results of using nanofluids	95
Stability and efficiency issues, solutions and advancements in perovskite solar cells: A review	94
Perovskite oxide-based photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production: Progress and perspectives	94
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of Cd-free Cu2ZnSnS4 heterojunction solar cells using SnS HTL and TiO2 ETL	93
Influence of back surface field layer on enhancing the efficiency of CIGS solar cell	91
Development of radiative cooling and its integration with buildings: A comprehensive review	89
Technical feasibility evaluation of a solar PV based off-grid domestic energy system with battery and hydrogen energy storage in northern climates	89
Multi-objective optimization of energy performance for a detached residential building with a sunspace using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm	88
Simulation and optimization studies on CsPbI3 based inorganic perovskite solar cells	87
Global advancement of solar drying technologies and its future prospects: A review	86
Improved thermo-economic performance of solar desalination via copper chips, nanofluid, and nano-based phase change material	84
Design of high efficiency perovskite solar cells based on inorganic and organic undoped double hole layer	84
Applications of low-temperature thermochemical energy storage systems for salt hydrates based on material classification: A review	84
A new approach for employing multiple PCMs in the passive thermal management of photovoltaic modules	84

A review of stability and progress in tin halide perovskite solar cell	83
A review of nanomaterial incorporated phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage	81
Numerical simulation of a new heterostructure CIGS/GaSe solar cell system using SCAPS-1D software	80
CeO2 as a photocatalytic material for CO2 conversion: A review	79
Experimental analysis of CPV/T solar dryer with nano-enhanced PCM and prediction of drying parameters using ANN and SVM algorithms	79
Optimization of carrier transport materials for the performance enhancement of the MAGeI3 based perovskite solar cell	78
Numerical study of a photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system using mono and hybrid nanofluid	78
Experimental and numerical investigations with environmental impacts of affordable square pyramid solar still	77
Applications of solar energy based drying technologies in various industries – A review	76
Commercial parabolic trough CSP plants: Research trends and technological advancements	75
Home energy management in a residential smart micro grid under stochastic penetration of solar panels and electric vehicles	74
Line-line fault detection and classification for photovoltaic systems using ensemble learning model based on I-V characteristics	74
PV array reconfiguration techniques for maximum power optimization under partial shading conditions: A review	74
Numerical investigation on performance improvement of WS2 thin-film solar cell with copper iodide as hole transport layer	73
Performance improvement of a tubular solar still using V-corrugated absorber with wick materials: Numerical and experimental investigations	73
Enhancement of the photovoltaic performance and the stability of perovskite solar cells via the modification of electron transport layers with reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite	73
A novel water-free cleaning robot for dust removal from distributed photovoltaic (PV) in water-scarce areas	71
A comprehensive study on the progressive development and applications of solar air heaters	71
Pooling the cable: A techno-economic feasibility study of integrating offshore floating photovoltaic solar technology within an offshore wind park	71
A review on the integration of probabilistic solar forecasting in power systems	70
Environmental impacts and benefits of marine floating solar	70
Advancements, frontiers and analysis of metal oxide semiconductor, dye, electrolyte and counter electrode of dye sensitized solar cell	69
Clean water production by non-noble metal/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coated on wood: Scalable interfacial solar steam generation and heavy metal sorption	68
The evolution of building energy retrofit via double-skin and responsive façades: A review	68
A review of techniques for simultaneous enhancement of evaporation and condensation rates in solar stills	68
Influence of layer thickness, defect density, doping concentration, interface defects, work function, working temperature and reflecting coating on lead-free perovskite solar cell	67
HESS-based photovoltaic/batteries/supercapacitors: Energy management strategy and DC bus voltage stabilization	67
A review on solar dryers integrated with thermal energy storage units for drying agricultural and food products	66
Boosting efficiency up to 25% for HTL-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells by gradient doping using SCAPS simulation	66
Stability and control of power systems with high penetrations of inverter-based resources: An accessible review of current knowledge and open questions	66
Strategies to reduce the flammability of organic phase change Materials: A review	65
Design of a highly efficient CdTe-based dual-heterojunction solar cell with 44% predicted efficiency	65
Environmentally compatible and highly improved hole transport materials (HTMs) based on benzotrithiophene (BTT) skeleton for perovskite as well as narrow bandgap donors for organic solar cells	65
An enviroeconomic review of the solar PV cells cooling technology effect on the CO2 emission reduction	63
Effect of bismuth iodide (BiI3	63
Energy, exergy, and techno-economic performance analyses of solar dryers for agro products: A comprehensive review	63
Recent advances in partially and completely derived 2D Ti3C2 MXene based TiO2 nanocomposites towards photocatalytic applications: A review	62
Performance optimization of lead-free MASnBr3 based perovskite solar cells by SCAPS-1D device simulation	62
Investigation of physico-mechanical, thermal properties and solar thermoregulation performance of shape-stable attapulgite based composite phase change material in foam concrete	61
A thermodynamic review on solar stills	61
Investigation of photovoltaic performance of lead-free CsSnI3-based perovskite solar cell with different hole transport layers: First Principle Calculations and SCAPS-1D Analysis	61
Cooling of floating photovoltaics and the importance of water temperature	61
The cooling effect of floating PV in two different climate zones: A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore	61
Radiative cooling of commercial silicon solar cells using a pyramid-textured PDMS film	61
Augmented performance of tubular solar still integrated with cost-effective nano-based mushrooms	60
Review of power system impacts at high PV penetration Part II: Potential solutions and the way forward	60
Predicting the performance of solar dish Stirling power plant using a hybrid random vector functional link/chimp optimization model	60
Aerial infrared thermography for low-cost and fast fault detection in utility-scale PV power plants	60
Tuning of the electronic bandgap of lead-free double perovskites K2AgBiX6 (X = Cl, Br) for solar cells applications and their thermoelectric characteristics	60
Natural and forced air convection operation in a direct solar dryer assisted by photovoltaic module for drying of green onion	60

Pt nanoparticles decorated Bi-doped TiO2 as an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 photo-reduction into CH4	60
A review of power system planning and operational models for flexibility assessment in high solar energy penetration scenarios	59
Control algorithms applied to active solar tracking systems: A review	59
Design and numerical investigation of efficient (FAPbI3)1−x(CsSnI3)x perovskite solar cell with optimized performances	59
Importance of integrated CFD and product quality modeling of solar dryers for fruits and vegetables: A review	59
Theoretical investigations of optoelectronic and transport properties of Rb2YInX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskite materials for solar cell applications	58
A perfect selective metamaterial absorber for high-temperature solar energy harvesting	58
Towards better performances for a novel rooftop solar PV system	57
Carbon dioxide hydrates for cold thermal energy storage: A review	57
Illuminating sustainability: A comprehensive review of the environmental life cycle and exergetic impacts of solar systems on the agri-food sector	57
Progress, challenges and future prospects of plasmonic nanofluid based direct absorption solar collectors – A state-of-the-art review	56
Heat transfer enhancement in latent heat thermal energy storage using copper foams with varying porosity	56
Radiative sky cooling potential maps of China based on atmospheric spectral emissivity	55
Modeling and operation optimization of an integrated ground source heat pump and solar PVT system based on heat current method	55
Photovoltaic output power performance assessment and forecasting: Impact of meteorological variables	55
Thermal performance improvement of an indirect solar dryer with tube-type absorber packed with aluminum wool	55
On the thermal response of buildings under the synergic effect of heat waves and urban heat island	55
Justice in solar energy development	55
Application of hybrid nanofluids in a novel combined photovoltaic/thermal and solar collector system	55
A review on solar greenhouse dryer: Design, thermal modelling, energy, economic and environmental aspects	55
Effect of 2D perovskite layer and multivalent defect on the performance of 3D/2D bilayered perovskite solar cells through computational simulation studies	55
Improving the performance of tubular solar still integrated with drilled carbonized wood and carbon black thin film evaporation	55
Dust potency in the context of solar photovoltaic (PV) soiling loss	54
Performance enhancement of grid-tied PV system through proposed design cooling techniques: An experimental study and comparative analysis	54
Dust accumulation and aggregation on PV panels: An integrated survey on impacts, mathematical models, cleaning mechanisms, and possible sustainable solution	54
A review on advancements, challenges, and prospective of copper and non-copper based thin-film solar cells using facile spray pyrolysis technique	54
Enhancement in efficiency of CZTS solar cell by using CZTSe BSF layer	54
A morphology-based evaluation on block-scale solar potential for residential area in central China	53
Reduced graphene oxide as a solid-state mediator in TiO2/In0.5WO3 S-scheme photocatalyst for hydrogen production	53
Progressive cooling technologies of photovoltaic and concentrated photovoltaic modules: A review of fundamentals, thermal aspects, nanotechnology utilization and enhancing performance	53
Optimization of a novel photovoltaic thermal module in series with a solar collector using Taguchi based grey relational analysis	53
Improving the thermal efficiency of a solar dryer using phase change materials at different position in the collector	53
Balsa-based porous carbon composite phase change material with photo-thermal conversion performance for thermal energy storage	53
Towards a high efficient Cd-free double CZTS layers kesterite solar cell using an optimized interface band alignment	52
Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles/graphene composites for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells	52
The optimization of vertical bifacial photovoltaic farms for efficient agrivoltaic systems	52
Degradation analysis of photovoltaic modules after operating for 22 years. A case study with comparisons	52
Comprehensive investigation of Opto-electronic and transport properties of Cs2ScAgX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for solar cells and thermoelectric applications	51
Assessment of uncertainties and variations in PV modules degradation rates and lifetime predictions using physical models	51
Photovoltaic performance enhancement in CdTe thin-film heterojunction solar cell with Sb2S3 as hole transport layer	51
Experimental analysis of combined utilization of CuO nanoparticles in latent heat storage unit and absorber coating in a single-slope solar desalination system	50
Performance evaluation of hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar dryer for drying of cassava	50
Lifecycle cost analysis (LCCA) of tailor-made building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) façade: Solsmaragden case study in Norway	50
Review on the effect of compact layers and light scattering layers on the enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cells	50
Fuel choice and tradition: Why fuel stacking and the energy ladder are out of step?	50
Thermal performance of jet-impingement solar air heater with transverse ribs absorber plate	50
Performance evaluation of PV panel surfaces exposed to hydraulic cooling – A review	49
A historical weather forecast dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for energy forecasting	49
TiO2 nanorods integrated with titania nanoparticles: Large specific surface area 1D nanostructures for improved efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)	49
Analysis and optimization of external venetian blind shading for nearly zero-energy buildings in different climate regions of China	49
Thermo-economic optimization of an air driven supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle for concentrating solar power plant with packed bed thermal energy storage	49
A novel thermal storage integrated evacuated tube heat pipe solar air heater: Energy, exergy, economic and environmental impact analysis	49
Thermal performance and environmental assessment of a hybrid solar-electrical wood dryer integrated with Photovoltaic/Thermal air collector and heat recovery system	49
Strategies and perspectives of tailored SnS2 photocatalyst for solar driven energy applications	49
A review on applications and techniques of improving the performance of heat pipe-solar collector systems	48
Numerical study of organic graded bulk heterojunction solar cell using SCAPS simulation	48
Evacuated tube solar and sun drying of beetroot slices: Comparative assessment of thermal performance, drying kinetics, and quality analysis	48
Floating photovoltaics could mitigate climate change impacts on water body temperature and stratification	48
MgSO4-expanded graphite composites for mass and heat transfer enhancement of thermochemical energy storage	48
Comparative study of the CZTS, CuSbS2 and CuSbSe2 solar photovoltaic cell with an earth-abundant non-toxic buffer layer	48
Impact of utilizing hollow copper circular fins and glass wool insulation on the performance enhancement of pyramid solar still unit: An experimental approach	48
Infrared thermography-based condition monitoring of solar photovoltaic systems: A mini review of recent advances	48
Effect of dust and cleaning methods on mono and polycrystalline solar photovoltaic performance: An indoor experimental study	48
A hybrid of bio-inspired algorithm based on Levy flight and particle swarm optimizations for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions	48
Thermo-economic performance improvement of hemispherical solar still using wick material with V-corrugated basin and two different energy storage materials	47
A two-phase closed thermosyphon operated with nanofluids for solar energy collectors: Thermodynamic modeling and entropy generation analysis	47
Advancement in CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite solar cells: Fabrication, efficiency and stability	47
Amplifying the photovoltaic properties of azaBODIPY core based small molecules by terminal acceptors modification for high performance organic solar cells: A DFT approach	47
Progress in ambient air-processed perovskite solar cells: Insights into processing techniques and stability assessment	47
Sunlight-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo-dye using zinc-sulfide embedded reduced graphene oxide	47
Experimental and numerical thermal performance in solar receiver heat exchanger with trapezoidal louvered winglet and wavy groove	47
High efficiently CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells fabricated by multi-step spin coating method	47
Investigation and properties of a novel composite bio-PCM to reduce summer energy consumptions in buildings of hot and dry climates	46
Encapsulation of commercial and emerging solar cells with focus on perovskite solar cells	46
Melting characteristics of a longitudinally finned-tube horizontal latent heat thermal energy storage system	46
Controlling the melting and solidification points temperature of PCMs on the performance and economic return of the water-cooled photovoltaic thermal system	46
Solar photovoltaic model parameter identification using robust niching chimp optimization	46
Evaluation of constraint in photovoltaic models by exploiting an enhanced ant lion optimizer	45
Physical and hybrid modelling techniques for earth-air heat exchangers in reducing building energy consumption: Performance, applications, progress, and challenges	45
Improving the performance of an active greenhouse dryer by integrating a solar absorber north wall coated with graphene nanoplatelet-embedded black paint	45

A detailed review of various types of solar air heaters performance	45
Dye sensitized solar cells fabricated based on nanocomposite photoanodes of TiO2 and AlMo0.5O3 perovskite nanoparticles	45
Influence of sunspace on energy consumption of rural residential buildings	45
A SCAPS simulation investigation of non-toxic MAGeI3-on-Si tandem solar device utilizing monolithically integrated (2-T) and mechanically stacked (4-T) configurations	45
A new approach for parameters estimation of double and triple diode models of photovoltaic cells based on iterative Lambert W function	45
Moisture ingress in photovoltaic modules: A review	45
Loss mechanisms in CZTS and CZTSe Kesterite thin-film solar cells: Understanding the complexity of defect density	44
Resampling and data augmentation for short-term PV output prediction based on an imbalanced sky images dataset using convolutional neural networks	44
Investigation of the operational performance and efficiency of an alternative PV + PCM concept	44
Radial movement optimization based parameter extraction of double diode model of solar photovoltaic cell	44
A novel graded approach for improving the efficiency of Lead-Free perovskite solar cells	44
Designing of the indacenodithiophene core-based small molecules for optoelectronic applications: A DFT approach	44
Enhanced organic photovoltaic performance through promoting crystallinity of photoactive layer and conductivity of hole-transporting layer by V2O5 doped PEDOT:PSS hole-transporting layers	44
Influence of different concentrations of 4-tert-butyl-pyridine in a gel polymer electrolyte towards improved performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)	44
Sb2Se3 versus Sb2S3 solar cell: A numerical simulation	44
Performance of laboratory scale packed-bed thermal energy storage using new demolition waste based sensible heat materials for industrial solar applications	43
Technological advancements towards the net-zero energy communities: A review on 23 case studies around the globe	43
Optimization configuration of selective solar absorber using multi-island genetic algorithm	43
Design and thermoeconomic analysis of a solar parabolic trough – ORC – Biomass cooling plant for a commercial center	43
Tin-based perovskite solar cells: Further improve the performance of the electron transport layer-free structure by device simulation	43
Experimental demonstration and analysis of a CSP plant with molten salt heat transfer fluid in parabolic troughs	43
Form-stable phase change materials based on graphene-doped PVA aerogel achieving effective solar energy photothermal conversion and storage	42
Can urban heat be mitigated in a single urban street? Monitoring, strategies, and performance results from a real scale redevelopment project	42
A holistic review on the integration of heat pipes in solar thermal and photovoltaic systems	42
Solar cooker with tracking-type bottom reflector: An experimental thermal performance evaluation of a new design	42
Experimental testing of a solar air cavity-receiver with reticulated porous ceramic absorbers for thermal processing at above 1000 °C	42
Building energy analysis using EC and PDLC based smart switchable window in Oman	42
Experimental investigation of a bubbling humidification-dehumidification desalination system directly heated by cylindrical Fresnel lens solar concentrator	42
Thermal control of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (c-Si PV) module using Docosane phase change material (PCM) for improved performance	42
Paths towards high perovskite solar cells stability using machine learning techniques	42
Progress in research and technological advancements of commercial concentrated solar thermal power plants	42
Benchmarking of deep learning irradiance forecasting models from sky images – An in-depth analysis	41
Thermal management of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems: A comprehensive review	41
Influence of geometric design parameters of double skin façade on its thermal and fluid dynamics behavior: A comprehensive review	41
On the performance of inclined rooftop solar chimney integrated with photovoltaic module and phase change material: A numerical study	41
Operational solar forecasting for grid integration: Standards, challenges, and outlook	41
Progress of PV cell technology: Feasibility of building materials, cost, performance, and stability	41
Electrochemically stable, cost-effective and facile produced selenium@activated carbon composite counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells	41
Z-scheme induced g-C3N4 /WS2 heterojunction photocatalyst with improved electron mobility for enhanced solar photocatalysis	41
Large-area spray deposited Ta-doped SnO2 thin film electrode for DSSC application	41
Thermal, daylight, and energy potential of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems: A comprehensive review of effects and developments	41
Efficient Sb2(S,Se)3/Zn(O,S) solar cells with high open-circuit voltage by controlling sulfur content in the absorber-buffer layers	41
Phase change materials in solar photovoltaics applied in buildings: An overview	40
Influence of contact electrode and light power on the efficiency of tandem perovskite solar cell: Numerical simulation	40
Designing of silolothiophene-linked triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials for perovskites and donors for organic solar cells-A DFT study	40
Development and testing of novel photovoltaic-thermal collector-based solar dryer for green tea drying application	40
A simulation approach for investigating the performances of cadmium telluride solar cells using doping concentrations, carrier lifetimes, thickness of layers, and band gaps	40
A deep learning model for intra-day forecasting of solar irradiance using satellite-based estimations in the vicinity of a PV power plant	40
Broadband and wide-angle solar absorber for the visible and near-infrared frequencies	40
Microwave assisted synthesis of SnS nanosheets for fabrication of large area SnS/Si heterojunction	40
Heat transfer augmentation in solar heat exchanger duct with louver-punched V-baffles	40
A novel framework on intelligent detection for module defects of PV plant combining the visible and infrared images	40
Design, development and characterisation of a Building Integrated Concentrating Photovoltaic (BICPV) smart window system	39
Design and optimization of highly efficient perovskite/homojunction SnS tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D	39
Lead free efficient perovskite solar cell device Optimization and defect study using Mg doped CuCrO2 as HTL and WO3 as ETL	39
Experimental evaluation of an indirect type solar dryer for agricultural use in rural communities: Relative humidity comparative study under winter season in tropical climate with sensible heat storag	39
Thermal characteristics of a flat plate solar collector: Influence of air mass flow rate and correlation analysis among process parameters	39
Investigation of temperature coefficients of PV modules through field measured data	39
Efficiency boost of CZTS solar cells based on double-absorber architecture: Device modeling and analysis	39
A scientometric review of trends in solar photovoltaic waste management research	39
Multi-objective 4E analysis for a building integrated photovoltaic thermal double skin Façade system	39
Solid-supported photocatalysts for wastewater treatment: Supports contribution in the photocatalysis process	39
Analysis of indirect solar dryer with PCM energy storage material: Energy, economic, drying and optimization	39
Performance optimization of photovoltaic and solar cells via a hybrid and efficient chimp algorithm	39
On the impact of modified urban albedo on ambient temperature and heat related mortality	39
Efficient thermal management of the photovoltaic/phase change material system with innovative exterior metal-foam layer	39
Simulation and experimental performance analysis of partially floating PV system in windy conditions	38
A review and classification of layouts and optimization techniques used in design of heliostat fields in solar central receiver systems	38
Survey and evaluation of solar technologies for agricultural greenhouse application	38
Exploring structural, thermodynamic, elastic, electro-optic, and thermoelectric characteristics of double perovskites Rb2XInBr6 (X = Na, K) for photovoltaic applications: A DFT approach	38
Ternary solar cells via ternary polymer donors and third component PC71BM to optimize morphology with 13.15% efficiency	38
Highly efficient CIGS solar cells based on a new CIGS bandgap gradient design characterized by numerical simulation	38
Experimental and numerical analysis of a compact indirect solar dehumidification system	38
Numerical simulation analysis towards the effect of charge transport layers electrical properties on cesium based ternary cation perovskite solar cells performance	38
Thermal and electrical performance of solar floating PV system compared to on-ground PV system-an experimental investigation	38
The cooling effect of floating PV in two different climate zones: A comparison of field test data from the Netherlands and Singapore	38
Grid-friendly power control for smart photovoltaic systems	37
Comprehensive feasibility assessment of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) on building surfaces in high-density urban environments	37
Performance investigation of inclined CPV system with composites of PCM, metal foam and nanoparticles	37
Inverted PTB7-Th:PC71BM organic solar cells with 11.8% PCE via incorporation of gold nanoparticles in ZnO electron transport layer	37
Stable and efficient Sb2Se3 solar cells with solution-processed NiOx hole-transport layer	37
Site suitability analysis for implementing solar PV power plants using GIS and fuzzy MCDM based approach	37
Potential of solar thermochemical water-splitting cycles: A review	37
Fenestration integrated BIPV (FIPV): A review	37
Segmentation of cell-level anomalies in electroluminescence images of photovoltaic modules	37
Experimental study of a hemispherical solar distillation system with and without rock salt balls as low-cost sensible storage: Performance optimization and comparative analysis	36
Experimental investigation into efficiency of SiO2/water-based nanofluids in photovoltaic thermal systems using response surface methodology	36
Recent progress in solar cells based on carbon nanomaterials	36
Efficiency enhancement of CIGS solar cell by cubic silicon carbide as prospective buffer layer	36
Porous perovskite-lanthanum cobaltite as an efficient cocatalyst in photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation by bismuth doped g-C3N4	36
Drying kinetics of cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl) fruit as affected by hot water blanching under indirect forced convection solar dryer	36
IrradianceNet: Spatiotemporal deep learning model for satellite-derived solar irradiance short-term forecasting	36
Energy-exergy and environ-economic (4E) analysis while drying ivy gourd in a passive indirect solar dryer without and with energy storage system and results comparison	36
Delafossite as hole transport layer a new pathway for efficient perovskite-based solar sells: Insight from experimental, DFT and numerical analysis	36
Calculating molten-salt central-receiver lifetime under creep-fatigue damage	36