Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Article	Citations
Rain in convective downdraughts	403
Impacts of assimilating polarimetric radar KDP observations with an ensemble Kalman filter on analyses and predictions of a rainstorm associated with Typhoon Hato<	247
Drivers of the ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal forecast for the hot and dry European summer of 2022	95
Sensitive areas for target observation associated with meteorological forecasts for dust storm events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region	72
Exploiting the full potential of Doppler lidars: High‐resolution wind‐gust profiling in significant weather	64
Issue Information	60
Generation of state‐dependent ensemble perturbations based on time‐varying seawater density for GloSea5 initialization	46
The interpretation and implications of the Knutsonet al. 2020 projections of changes in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones under climate change	40
Mesoscale evaluation of AMPS using AWARE radar observations of a wind and precipitation event over the Ross Island region of Antarctica	37
Local identification of equatorial Kelvin waves in real‐time operational forecasts	36
Effects of Observation‐Operator Nonlinearity on the Assimilation of Visible and Infrared Radiances in Ensemble Data Assimilation	36
Frontal effects on the rapid formation of a deep layer of marine fog and cloud in the NW Atlantic	34
An anatomy of fog over Nova Scotia under a ridge on 8 September 2021	34
Spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall: Added benefits with sub‐kilometre‐resolution climate model simulations?	30
Orographic gravity‐wave drag over multiple bell‐shaped mountains	27
Air–sea feedback in the northeastern tropical Atlantic in boreal summer at intraseasonal time‐scales	26
Present and future downslope windstorms in the Scandinavian Mountains from a kilometre‐scale climate model	26
On the relay propagation of deep convection leading to a heavy rainfall event in a weak‐wind urban environment	26
A consistent treatment of mixed‐phase saturation for atmospheric thermodynamics	25
Impacts of the QBO and ENSO on upper‐tropospheric Rossby‐wave activity associated with the North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm tracks	24
Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling	24
	23
Evaluating atmospheric electricity changes as an indicator of fog formation	22
Scalar turbulent fluxes and variances in the interfacial layer from lidar observations and assessment of Lagrangian Stochastic Models	22
Changes of tropical gravity waves and the quasi‐biennial oscillation in storm‐resolving simulations of idealized global warming	22

How sensitive are Sahelian mesoscale convective systems to cold‐pool suppression?	21
Aeolus Rayleigh‐channel winds in cloudy conditions	21
Multivariate post‐processing of probabilistic sub‐seasonal weather regime forecasts	21
Including observation error correlation for ensemble radar radial wind assimilation and its impact on heavy rainfall prediction	20
Stratospheric and tropospheric seasonality and its implications for observation requirements in numerical weather prediction	20
Synoptic‐scale and mesoscale controls for tornadogenesis on cold fronts: A tornadic cold front in amplifying northwesterly flow	20
Role of cloud microphysics and energetics in regulating different phases of the monsoon low‐pressure systems over the Indian region	20
Extension of all‐sky radiance assimilation to hyperspectral infrared sounders	19
State, global, and local parameter estimation using local ensemble Kalman filters: Applications to online machine learning of chaotic dynamics	19
Lagrangian analysis of two flavours of Central European heatwaves: Formation under omega blocking versus initiation by subtropical ridges	19
Impact of HY‐2B SMR radiance assimilation on CMA global medium‐range weather forecasts	19
Impact of ensemble‐based hybrid background‐error covariances in ECMWF's next‐generation ocean reanalysis system	19
Insights from very‐large‐ensemble data assimilation experiments with a high‐resolution general circulation model of the Red Sea	18
Issue Information	18
Predictability of North Pacific blocking events: Analogue‐based analysis of historical MIROC6 simulations	18
Entrainment and detrainment statistics of a stationary shallow cumulus cloud	17
Characteristics and evolution of heat wave and extreme precipitation compound events in South China based on copula function	17
Comparing the atmospheric and ocean characteristics associated with two distinctly intensified pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal	17
The frictional layer in the observed momentum budget of the trades	16
Issue Information	16
Impact of sea spray‐mediated heat fluxes on polar low development	16
Diurnal variations of the meridional overturning circulations over West Africa during the premonsoon and monsoon seasons	16
Spatial verification of global precipitation forecasts	16
A two‐fluid single‐column model of turbulent shallow convection. Part II: Single‐column model formulation and numerics	16
A conservative numerical scheme for the multilayer shallow‐water equations on unstructured meshes	16
Effect of increased ocean resolution on model errors in El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its teleconnections	15
Outstanding performance of ERA5 reanalysis temperature in China since the 1950s and quantification of its abnormal error in 1965–1966	15
A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney–Phillips staggering	15
A new approach to represent model uncertainty in the forecasting of tropical cyclones: The orthogonal nonlinear forcing singular vectors	15
Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems	15
Tropospheric amplification of stratosphere–troposphere coupling	14
Dynamic channel selection based on vertical sensitivities for the assimilation of FY‐4A geostationary interferometric infrared sounder targeted observations	14
Stability mechanisms and air temperature advection on the marine atmospheric boundary layer modulation at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean	14
The role of midlatitude dry air during the withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon	14
Calibration of subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts using ensemble model output statistics and observational uncertainty	14
Revisiting measurement and representation errors in geophysical sciences: From classical collocation‐based measurement error estimation to “sampling‐aware field‐informed retrieval”, a method that expl	14
Observations of coastal urban influences on convective precipitation over Houston, Texas	13
Global usage of all‐sky infrared radiance from geostationary satellites	13
A comparison of the stochastic and nonlinear representations of model uncertainty in a convection‐allowing ensemble prediction system	13
Coupled atmosphere–ocean observations of a cold‐air outbreak and its impact on the Iceland Sea	13
Development of an offline and online hybrid model for the Integrated Forecasting System	13
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation	13
Accounting for the three‐dimensional nature of mountain waves: Parametrising partial critical‐level filtering	13
Are we misdiagnosing ensemble forecast reliability? On the insufficiency of spread–error and rank‐based reliability metrics	13
An analytical model for daily‐periodic slope winds. Part 2: Solutions	12
The role of collision and coalescence on the microphysics of marine fog	12
A climatology of trapped lee waves over Britain and Ireland obtained using deep learning on high‐resolution model output	12
A moist‐thermal quasi‐geostrophic model for monsoon depressions	12
Issue Information	12
A structurally localized ensemble Kalman filtering approach	12

A gridded 30‐year days of thunder climatology for the United Kingdom	12
Reviewing and clarifying the derivation of the hydrostatic primitive equations	12
Improving forecasts of precipitation extremes over northern and central Italy using machine learning	12
Numerical entropy conservation without sacrificing Charney–Phillips grid optimal wave propagation	12
Supervised machine learning to estimate instabilities in chaotic systems: Estimation of local Lyapunov exponents	12
An overview of drifting‐buoy deployments in atmospheric river reconnaissance from 2019 to 2024	12
Signal‐to‐noise and predictable modes of variability in winter seasonal forecasts	12
	12
Analysis of abnormally frequent cloud‐to‐ground lightning in Guangdong in April 2024: Roles of clo	11
Flow‐ and scale‐dependent spatial predictability of convective precipitation combining different model uncertainty representations	11
Improving global temperature datasets to better account for non‐uniform warming	11
	11
Persistent mixed‐phase states in adiabatic cloud parcels under idealised conditions	11
Urbanization amplifies dimming: Unraveling the drivers of reduced solar radiation in Beijing	11
Coupled data assimilation at ECMWF: current status, challenges and future developments	11
Using interpretable gradient‐boosted decision‐tree ensembles to uncover novel dynamical relationships governing monsoon low‐pressure systems	11
Exploration of the use of short‐wave infrared radiances in weather forecasts model Part II : Data assimilation and forecast impact assessment	11
Formation of fog due to stratus lowering: An observational and modelling case study	11
Assessing the impact of a NWP warm‐start system on model spin‐up over tropical Africa	11
Spectral scaling of unstably stratified atmospheric flows: Turbulence anisotropy and the low‐frequency spread	11
A composite study of extratropical cyclones accompanied by split fronts in the Northwestern Pacific	11
Impact of assimilation of microwave imager radiance data on simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the NCUM‐R modelling system	11
Correction to “Rolling DICE to advance knowledge of land‐atmosphere interactions”	11
Global representation of extratropical cyclone precipitation and future trends in CMIP6 models	11
Improving supercooled liquid water representation in LIMA using ICICLE data	11
Role of land‐surface vegetation in the march of Indian monsoon onset isochrones in a coupled model	11
Influencing factors associated with the second dominant pattern of the Indian summer monsoon	11
Carbon dioxide and evapotranspiration fluxes in an urban area of Krakow, Poland	10
Weighted multiscale nonlinear optimal initial‐perturbation strategy for convective‐scale ensemble forecasting	10
Large‐eddy simulation with Lagrangian cloud modeling and large‐scale dynamics (L3$$ {\mathrm{L}}^3 $$) for studying the marine fog life cycle	10
Formation of maritime convergence zones within cold air outbreaks due to the shape of the coastline or sea ice edge	10
Quantifying the related precipitation and moisture sources in the lifecycle of subtropical cyclones in the South Atlantic basin	10
Land data assimilation of satellite‐based surface soil moisture: Impact on atmospheric simulations over the contiguous United States	10
Sensitivity of simulated rain intensity and kinetic energy to aerosols and warm‐rain microphysics during the extreme event of July 2021 in Belgium	10
Nonlinear synergistic effects of three‐dimensional soil moisture errors on uncertainties in subseasonal heatwave onset predictions in the Yangtze River	10
Factors influencing subseasonal predictability of northern Eurasian cold spells	10
A framework for measurement and modeling of sea spray frequency: A probabilistic approach and a synthetic data‐based machine‐learning method	10
	10
Summer convection over and around the subtropical Andes	10
	10
Relative economic value of global ensemble prediction system of NCMRWF, India, for extreme weather events	10
Signal‐to‐noise errors in early winter Euro‐Atlantic predictions linked to weak ENSO teleconnections and pervasive jet biases	10
The impact of surface heterogeneity on the diurnal cycle of deep convection	10
Is the length of the Indian summer monsoon season shrinking?	10
Modulation of North Atlantic atmospheric rivers by the Gulf Stream	10
Investigation of the thermal structure in the atmospheric boundary layer during evening transition and the impact of aerosols on radiative cooling	10
Issue Information	10
Determining precipitable water vapour from upper‐air temperature, pressure and geopotential height	10
The relationship between seasonal mean temperature and most extreme day	10
Uncovering the Drivers of the Equatorial Ocean Surface Winds	10
Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations	10
Assimilation of solar‐induced fluorescence satellite observations in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts integrated forecast syste	10
Observations and modelling of the winter thunderstorm on 4 February 2022 at the Milešovka meteorological observatory	9
Quantitative description and characteristics of submeso motion and turbulence intermittency	9
On the impact of observation‐error correlations in data assimilation, with application to along‐track altimeter data	9
Soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks in pre‐ and post‐monsoon landfalling tropical cyclones in Bay of Bengal	9
Parameter investigation for urban surface‐energy balance: A large‐eddy simulation study	9
Representing the effects of building height variability on urban canopy flow	9
An adaptive nonhydrostatic dynamical core using a multimoment finite‐volume method on a cubed sphere	9
Characteristics of the low‐level jets observed over Dunkerque (North Sea French coast) using 4 years of wind lidar data	9
A new method to identify and explain sources of precipitation modification, illustrated for the western Netherlands	9
The set‐up and evaluation of fine‐scale data assimilation for the urban climate of Amsterdam	9
Warm conveyor belts as amplifiers of forecast uncertainty	9
Modulation of wind drag by tidal currents in an embayment	9
Implementation of a double moment cloud microphysics scheme in the UK met office regional numerical weather prediction model	9
Issue Information	9
Issue Information	9
The characteristic and seasonal variation of mesoscale convective systems' precipitation overNorth China	9
Application of a cloud method in simulating mountain waves over steep topography	9
Assessing the simulation of snowfall at Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, during the YOPP‐SH special observing campaign	9
The inner life of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone	9
Impact of urban morphology on turbulence and drag in idealized building clusters	9
Influence of a local diabatic heating source on the midlatitude circulation	9
	9
Direct assimilation of AVHRR satellite radiance measurements in a reanalysis system	9
Improving the short‐range forecast of storm surges in the southwestern Atlantic continental shelf using 4DEnSRF data assimilation	8
Meteorological conditions leading to a catastrophic, rain‐induced landslide in Cameroon in October	8
The life cycle of the heatwave boundary layer identified from commercial aircraft observations at Melbourne Airport (Australia)	8
Unraveling the role of land use changes in shaping extreme rainfall in South India	8
Decadal variability of Madden–Julian oscillation teleconnections in a coupled climate model	8

Influence of inner‐core dynamics regulating the intensity decay of landfalling tropical cyclones over the eastern coast of India	8
Unique moisture transport under abnormal circulations for producing the extreme rainstorm over Beijing on July 31, 2023	8
Spatial and temporal structure of the fog life cycle over Atlantic Canada and the Grand Banks	8
Neural network atmospheric bias correction on heterogeneous data with fine‐scale dynamics preservation	8
Temporal and spatial dynamics of a local wind in Japan, “Kiyokawa‐dashi”: Insights from high‐density observations and numerical simulations	8
Aerosols drive the missed global brightening recently in ERA5 and ERAI over Japan	8
Scale analysis for the Madden–Julian oscillation	8
Roles of terrain in the convection initiation of an extreme rainfall event along the eastern slope of Wushan Mountain, China under weak synoptic forcing	8
The response of convectively generated gravity waves to sea surface temperature variations revealed by Aquaplanet simulations	8
Utility of thermal remote sensing for evaluation of a high‐resolution weather model in a city	8
A review of the FATIMA Yellow Sea field campaign research	8
Dynamics and model representation of two contrasting extreme precipitation events in the Sahel	8
ERA5 deficit in supercooled liquid water cloud radiative forcing at Dome C, Antarctica	8
An incremental analysis update in the framework of the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation: Description and preliminary tests in the operational China Meteorological A	8
Enhanced prediction of premonsoon thunderstorms over eastern India through assimilation of INSAT‐3D sounding data	8
Machine learning and dynamics based error‐index method for the detection of monsoon onset vortex over the Arabian Sea: Climatology and composite structures	8
Sudden stratospheric warming linked to extreme cold weather in North India: Physical processes and impacts	8
Assessment for operational assimilation of horizontal line of sight winds from the European Space Agency's Aeolus at the Met Office	8
Relative contributions of local heat storage and ocean heat transport to cold‐season Arctic Ocean surface energy fluxes in CMIP6 models	7
Windows of opportunity in subseasonal weather regime forecasting: A statistical–dynamical approach	7
	7
Extra predictability from a seamless approach for Asian summer monsoon precipitation from days to weeks	7
Too‐stable North Atlantic climate system in CMIP6 experiments undermines precipitation projections in Europe	7
The impact of Arctic sea‐ice loss on winter weather in the British Isles	7
Spike formation on supercooled water droplets collected by micrometer ice crystals	7
Comparison of uncertainty quantification methods for cloud simulation	7
	7
	7
Evaluation of different sub‐grid orographic drag schemes on typhoon precipitation in Northeast China in the Weather Research and Forecasting model	7
Decomposing the role of dry intrusions for ocean evaporation during mistral	7
The characterization and impact of Aeolus wind profile observations in NOAA's regional tropical cyclone model (HWRF)	7
Idealized study of representing spatial and temporal variations in the error contribution of surface emissivity for assimilating surface‐sensitive microwave radiance observations over land	7
Issue Information	7
Nonlinear diffusion‐limited two‐dimensional colliding‐plume simulations with very high‐order numerical approximations	7
Kriging‐variance‐based multi‐member ensembles of radar–rain‐gauge precipitation estimates: Application in Switzerland	7
Forced trends and internal variability in climate change projections of extreme European windstorm frequency and severity	7
Non‐Gaussian variational data assimilation with reverse‐lognormal errors	7
Explaining heatwaves with machine learning	7
Potential‐temperature variance budget in a saturated coastal‐fog environment	7
Issue Information	7
A variational Bayesian approach for ensemble filtering of stochastically parametrized systems	7
Irrigation impact on boundary layer and precipitation characteristics in Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations during LIAISE‐2021	7
Joint modulation of coastal rainfall in Northeast Australia by local and large‐scale forcings	7
Assessing the role of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on the severe heatwave of May 2015 over India	7
Analyzing future marine cold spells in the tropical Indian Ocean: Insights from a regional Earth system model	7
Large‐eddy simulations of drizzling shallow cumuli using a turbulence‐aware autoconversion parametrization	7
Assimilating atmospheric motion vector winds using a feature track correction observation operator	7
Performance evaluation of regional weather predictions with the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere ( MPAS ‐A) over the Maritime Continen	7
Issue Information	7
	7
On methods for assessment of the value of observations in convection‐permitting data assimilation and numerical weather forecasting	7
Can lightning indicate genesis frequency of tropical cyclones over the South China Sea?	7
Joint estimation of sea ice and atmospheric state from microwave imagers in operational weather forecasting	6
On the intensification of typhoon Damrey with the monsoon gyre	6
A station‐based evaluation of near‐surface south foehn evolution in COSMO‐1	6
Resolution dependence of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer in global storm‐resolving climate simulations	6
Convergence of forecast distributions in a 100,000‐member idealised convective‐scale ensemble	6
On the thermodynamic invariance of fine‐grain and coarse‐grain fluid models	6
Towards a new generation of artificial‐intelligence‐based infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer retrievals of surface temperature: Part I – Methodology	6
Compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation in Xiamen, southeast China coast: Seasonal variations, synoptic processes, and typhoons impact	6
Comments on ‘Theoretical aspects of the size distribution of fog particles’	6
Microphysical mechanisms of wintertime postfrontal precipitation enhancement over the Australian Snowy Mountains	6
The benefits of a hybrid‐3DEnVar data assimilation scheme for the convection‐permitting NWP model AROME–Austria	6
Illustration of an object‐based approach to identify structural differences in tropical cyclone wind fields	6
Causes of the 2022 Yangtze–Huaihe River basin drought: A comparative study with the 2020 flood	6
A microwave temperature sounder (MWTS)–microwave humidity sounder fusion cloud detection method for land data from the FengYun‐3D MWTS and its impact on error estimation	6
Identifying and characterising trapped lee waves using deep learning techniques	6
Comparison of two numerical weather prediction models in simulating south foehn in the Alpine Rhine Valley	6
The horizontal and vertical controls on the thermal structure of the tropical troposphere	6
Impact of Aeolus wind lidar observations on the representation of the West African monsoon circulation in the ECMWF and DWD forecasting systems	6
A balanced model of a hurricane vortex coupled to a boundary layer	6
Impact of data assimilation on Arctic sea‐ice thickness variability and its coupling with atmospheric forcing	6
The capability of 20th‐century reanalyses to reproduce the spatiotemporal variation in surface incident solar radiation over Japan for 1931–2010	6
Impact of ocean data assimilation on the sub‐polar North Atlantic in MPI‐ESM	6
Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone biases in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts	6
Investigation of the trigger perturbation for a simulated case of arctic oscillation transition using initial‐condition perturbation denial experiments	6
Changes in extreme precipitation in Taiwan's Mei‐yu season	6
Ensemble‐based estimates of the impact of potential observations	6
Misalignment between the propagation direction of the bora wind and its pulsations	6
On the indices of the normal modes of Laplace's tidal equations for zonal wavenumber zero	6
Thermodynamically consistent versions of approximations used in modelling moist air	6
The impact of aerosols and model grid spacing on a supercell storm from Swabian MOSES 2021	6
The role of in situ ocean data assimilation in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts of sea‐surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth over the tropical Pacific ocean	6
How inaccurate offshore wind observations impact the quality of operational numerical weather prediction	6
Satellite signature of the instantaneous wind response to mesoscale oceanic thermal structures	6
Physics–dynamics–chemistry coupling across different meshes in LFRic‐Atmosphere: Formulation and idealised tests	6
An assessment of Arctic diurnal water‐vapour cycles in Canada's weather forecast model and ERA5	6
	6
A high‐resolution climatological study of explosive cyclones in the Mediterranean region: Frequency, intensity and synoptic drivers	6
RISE ‐net: A deep‐learning model for improving fine‐scale summer precipitation nowcasting in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei	6
A case study analysis of the impact of a new free tropospheric turbulence scheme on the dispersion of an atmospheric tracer	6
On the genesis and dynamics of Madden–Julian oscillation‐like structure formed by equatorial adjustment of localized heating	6
Tropical tropospheric warming pattern explained by shifts in convective heating in the Matsuno–Gill model	6
Antarctic data impact experiments with Polar WRF during the YOPP‐SH summer special observing period	6
Large model biases in the Pacific centre of the Northern Annular Mode due to exaggerated variability of the Aleutian Low	6