Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Article	Citations
Rain in convective downdraughts	388
Impacts of assimilating polarimetric radar KDP observations with an ensemble Kalman filter on analyses and predictions of a rainstorm associated with Typhoon Hato<	233
Drivers of the ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal forecast for the hot and dry European summer of 2022	94
Sensitive areas for target observation associated with meteorological forecasts for dust storm events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region	71
Exploiting the full potential of Doppler lidars: High‐resolution wind‐gust profiling in significant weather	59
Issue Information	57
Generation of state‐dependent ensemble perturbations based on time‐varying seawater density for GloSea5 initialization	42
The interpretation and implications of the Knutsonet al. 2020 projections of changes in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones under climate change	39
Mesoscale evaluation of AMPS using AWARE radar observations of a wind and precipitation event over the Ross Island region of Antarctica	35
Synoptic‐scale and mesoscale controls for tornadogenesis on cold fronts: A tornadic cold front in amplifying northwesterly flow	34
Effects of Observation‐Operator Nonlinearity on the Assimilation of Visible and Infrared Radiances in Ensemble Data Assimilation	34
Local identification of equatorial Kelvin waves in real‐time operational forecasts	33
Frontal effects on the rapid formation of a deep layer of marine fog and cloud in the NW Atlantic	31
An anatomy of fog over Nova Scotia under a ridge on 8 September 2021	29
Spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme rainfall: Added benefits with sub‐kilometre‐resolution climate model simulations?	26
Orographic gravity‐wave drag over multiple bell‐shaped mountains	25
On the relay propagation of deep convection leading to a heavy rainfall event in a weak‐wind urban environment	24
Present and future downslope windstorms in the Scandinavian Mountains from a kilometre‐scale climate model	24
Air–sea feedback in the northeastern tropical Atlantic in boreal summer at intraseasonal time‐scales	24
Combined effects of soil moisture and microphysical perturbations on convective clouds and precipitation for a locally forced case over Central Europe	23
Predictability of North Pacific blocking events: Analogue‐based analysis of historical MIROC6 simulations	23
Insights from very‐large‐ensemble data assimilation experiments with a high‐resolution general circulation model of the Red Sea	23
A consistent treatment of mixed‐phase saturation for atmospheric thermodynamics	22
Impacts of the QBO and ENSO on upper‐tropospheric Rossby‐wave activity associated with the North Atlantic and Mediterranean storm tracks	22
Role of cloud microphysics and energetics in regulating different phases of the monsoon low‐pressure systems over the Indian region	22

Moist convection and radiative cooling: Dynamical response and scaling	21
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Scalar turbulent fluxes and variances in the interfacial layer from lidar observations and assessment of Lagrangian Stochastic Models	20
Changes of tropical gravity waves and the quasi‐biennial oscillation in storm‐resolving simulations of idealized global warming	20
How sensitive are Sahelian mesoscale convective systems to cold‐pool suppression?	20
Evaluating atmospheric electricity changes as an indicator of fog formation	20
Multivariate post‐processing of probabilistic sub‐seasonal weather regime forecasts	19
Impact of ensemble‐based hybrid background‐error covariances in ECMWF's next‐generation ocean reanalysis system	19
Aeolus Rayleigh‐channel winds in cloudy conditions	19
Lagrangian analysis of two flavours of Central European heatwaves: Formation under omega blocking versus initiation by subtropical ridges	18
State, global, and local parameter estimation using local ensemble Kalman filters: Applications to online machine learning of chaotic dynamics	18
Impact of HY‐2B SMR radiance assimilation on CMA global medium‐range weather forecasts	18
Extension of all‐sky radiance assimilation to hyperspectral infrared sounders	18
Entrainment and detrainment statistics of a stationary shallow cumulus cloud	17
Issue Information	17
Including observation error correlation for ensemble radar radial wind assimilation and its impact on heavy rainfall prediction	17
Comparing the atmospheric and ocean characteristics associated with two distinctly intensified pre‐monsoon tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal	16
The frictional layer in the observed momentum budget of the trades	16
A two‐fluid single‐column model of turbulent shallow convection. Part II: Single‐column model formulation and numerics	16
Characteristics and evolution of heat wave and extreme precipitation compound events in South China based on copula function	16
A conservative numerical scheme for the multilayer shallow‐water equations on unstructured meshes	16
Accounting for the three‐dimensional nature of mountain waves: Parametrising partial critical‐level filtering	16
Spatial verification of global precipitation forecasts	16
Issue Information	16
Are we misdiagnosing ensemble forecast reliability? On the insufficiency of spread–error and rank‐based reliability metrics	15
Phase dependence of growth mechanisms in the daily energetics of the North Atlantic Oscillation	15
Effect of increased ocean resolution on model errors in El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its teleconnections	15
Stability mechanisms and air temperature advection on the marine atmospheric boundary layer modulation at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean	15
Diurnal variations of the meridional overturning circulations over West Africa during the premonsoon and monsoon seasons	15
Calibration of subseasonal sea‐ice forecasts using ensemble model output statistics and observational uncertainty	14
Revisiting measurement and representation errors in geophysical sciences: From classical collocation‐based measurement error estimation to “sampling‐aware field‐informed retrieval”, a method that expl	14
Impact of sea spray‐mediated heat fluxes on polar low development	14
Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems	13
Observations of coastal urban influences on convective precipitation over Houston, Texas	13
Improving forecasts of precipitation extremes over northern and central Italy using machine learning	13
Outstanding performance of ERA5 reanalysis temperature in China since the 1950s and quantification of its abnormal error in 1965–1966	13
A new approach to represent model uncertainty in the forecasting of tropical cyclones: The orthogonal nonlinear forcing singular vectors	13
Global usage of all‐sky infrared radiance from geostationary satellites	13
Coupled atmosphere–ocean observations of a cold‐air outbreak and its impact on the Iceland Sea	13
Dynamic channel selection based on vertical sensitivities for the assimilation of FY‐4A geostationary interferometric infrared sounder targeted observations	13
A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney–Phillips staggering	13
Issue Information	12
A structurally localized ensemble Kalman filtering approach	12
Numerical entropy conservation without sacrificing Charney–Phillips grid optimal wave propagation	12
A comparison of the stochastic and nonlinear representations of model uncertainty in a convection‐allowing ensemble prediction system	12
Development of an offline and online hybrid model for the Integrated Forecasting System	12
An analytical model for daily‐periodic slope winds. Part 2: Solutions	12
Supervised machine learning to estimate instabilities in chaotic systems: Estimation of local Lyapunov exponents	12
The role of midlatitude dry air during the withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon	12
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Global representation of extratropical cyclone precipitation and future trends in CMIP6 models	12
A moist‐thermal quasi‐geostrophic model for monsoon depressions	12
Tropospheric amplification of stratosphere–troposphere coupling	12
A gridded 30‐year days of thunder climatology for the United Kingdom	11
The role of collision and coalescence on the microphysics of marine fog	11
Reviewing and clarifying the derivation of the hydrostatic primitive equations	11
Impact of assimilation of microwave imager radiance data on simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the NCUM‐R modelling system	11
Improving supercooled liquid water representation in LIMA using ICICLE data	11
Coupled data assimilation at ECMWF: current status, challenges and future developments	11
Using interpretable gradient‐boosted decision‐tree ensembles to uncover novel dynamical relationships governing monsoon low‐pressure systems	11
An overview of drifting‐buoy deployments in atmospheric river reconnaissance from 2019 to 2024	11
Signal‐to‐noise and predictable modes of variability in winter seasonal forecasts	11
Improving global temperature datasets to better account for non‐uniform warming	11
Persistent mixed‐phase states in adiabatic cloud parcels under idealised conditions	11
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Urbanization amplifies dimming: Unraveling the drivers of reduced solar radiation in Beijing	11
Flow‐ and scale‐dependent spatial predictability of convective precipitation combining different model uncertainty representations	11
A climatology of trapped lee waves over Britain and Ireland obtained using deep learning on high‐resolution model output	11
Spectral scaling of unstably stratified atmospheric flows: Turbulence anisotropy and the low‐frequency spread	11
Exploration of the use of short‐wave infrared radiances in weather forecasts model Part II : Data assimilation and forecast impact assessment	11
Formation of fog due to stratus lowering: An observational and modelling case study	11
Influencing factors associated with the second dominant pattern of the Indian summer monsoon	11
Correction to “Rolling DICE to advance knowledge of land‐atmosphere interactions”	11
Carbon dioxide and evapotranspiration fluxes in an urban area of Krakow, Poland	10
Uncovering the Drivers of the Equatorial Ocean Surface Winds	10
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Is the length of the Indian summer monsoon season shrinking?	10
Weighted multiscale nonlinear optimal initial‐perturbation strategy for convective‐scale ensemble forecasting	10
Investigation of the thermal structure in the atmospheric boundary layer during evening transition and the impact of aerosols on radiative cooling	10
Role of land‐surface vegetation in the march of Indian monsoon onset isochrones in a coupled model	10
Nonlinear synergistic effects of three‐dimensional soil moisture errors on uncertainties in subseasonal heatwave onset predictions in the Yangtze River	10
Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations	10
Sensitivity of simulated rain intensity and kinetic energy to aerosols and warm‐rain microphysics during the extreme event of July 2021 in Belgium	10
Issue Information	10
Formation of maritime convergence zones within cold air outbreaks due to the shape of the coastline or sea ice edge	10
Assimilation of solar‐induced fluorescence satellite observations in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts integrated forecast syste	10
Assessing the impact of a NWP warm‐start system on model spin‐up over tropical Africa	10
Modulation of North Atlantic atmospheric rivers by the Gulf Stream	10
Large‐eddy simulation with Lagrangian cloud modeling and large‐scale dynamics (L3$$ {\mathrm{L}}^3 $$) for studying the marine fog life cycle	10
Relative economic value of global ensemble prediction system of NCMRWF, India, for extreme weather events	10
Signal‐to‐noise errors in early winter Euro‐Atlantic predictions linked to weak ENSO teleconnections and pervasive jet biases	10
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The impact of surface heterogeneity on the diurnal cycle of deep convection	10
A framework for measurement and modeling of sea spray frequency: A probabilistic approach and a synthetic data‐based machine‐learning method	10
A composite study of extratropical cyclones accompanied by split fronts in the Northwestern Pacific	10
Factors influencing subseasonal predictability of northern Eurasian cold spells	10
On the impact of observation‐error correlations in data assimilation, with application to along‐track altimeter data	9
Soil moisture–precipitation feedbacks in pre‐ and post‐monsoon landfalling tropical cyclones in Bay of Bengal	9
Determining precipitable water vapour from upper‐air temperature, pressure and geopotential height	9
Influence of a local diabatic heating source on the midlatitude circulation	9
A new method to identify and explain sources of precipitation modification, illustrated for the western Netherlands	9
Modulation of wind drag by tidal currents in an embayment	9
Observations and modelling of the winter thunderstorm on 4 February 2022 at the Milešovka meteorological observatory	9
Warm conveyor belts as amplifiers of forecast uncertainty	9
Quantifying the related precipitation and moisture sources in the lifecycle of subtropical cyclones in the South Atlantic basin	9
Summer convection over and around the subtropical Andes	9
The characteristic and seasonal variation of mesoscale convective systems' precipitation overNorth China	9
Application of a cloud method in simulating mountain waves over steep topography	9
Impact of urban morphology on turbulence and drag in idealized building clusters	9
Characteristics of the low‐level jets observed over Dunkerque (North Sea French coast) using 4 years of wind lidar data	9
Quantitative description and characteristics of submeso motion and turbulence intermittency	9
Assessing the simulation of snowfall at Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, during the YOPP‐SH special observing campaign	9
The set‐up and evaluation of fine‐scale data assimilation for the urban climate of Amsterdam	9
Land data assimilation of satellite‐based surface soil moisture: Impact on atmospheric simulations over the contiguous United States	9
The relationship between seasonal mean temperature and most extreme day	9
Parameter investigation for urban surface‐energy balance: A large‐eddy simulation study	9
The inner life of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone	9
Representing the effects of building height variability on urban canopy flow	9
Roles of terrain in the convection initiation of an extreme rainfall event along the eastern slope of Wushan Mountain, China under weak synoptic forcing	8
Issue Information	8
Issue Information	8
Direct assimilation of AVHRR satellite radiance measurements in a reanalysis system	8
An incremental analysis update in the framework of the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation: Description and preliminary tests in the operational China Meteorological A	8
Assessment for operational assimilation of horizontal line of sight winds from the European Space Agency's Aeolus at the Met Office	8
Utility of thermal remote sensing for evaluation of a high‐resolution weather model in a city	8
The response of convectively generated gravity waves to sea surface temperature variations revealed by Aquaplanet simulations	8
Enhanced prediction of premonsoon thunderstorms over eastern India through assimilation of INSAT‐3D sounding data	8
Dynamics and model representation of two contrasting extreme precipitation events in the Sahel	8
An adaptive nonhydrostatic dynamical core using a multimoment finite‐volume method on a cubed sphere	8
Implementation of a double moment cloud microphysics scheme in the UK met office regional numerical weather prediction model	8

Influence of inner‐core dynamics regulating the intensity decay of landfalling tropical cyclones over the eastern coast of India	8
Unraveling the role of land use changes in shaping extreme rainfall in South India	8
Unique moisture transport under abnormal circulations for producing the extreme rainstorm over Beijing on July 31, 2023	8
Sudden stratospheric warming linked to extreme cold weather in North India: Physical processes and impacts	8
Machine learning and dynamics based error‐index method for the detection of monsoon onset vortex over the Arabian Sea: Climatology and composite structures	8
Decadal variability of Madden–Julian oscillation teleconnections in a coupled climate model	8
Explaining heatwaves with machine learning	8
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Scale analysis for the Madden–Julian oscillation	8
Aerosols drive the missed global brightening recently in ERA5 and ERAI over Japan	8
Meteorological conditions leading to a catastrophic, rain‐induced landslide in Cameroon in October	8
ERA5 deficit in supercooled liquid water cloud radiative forcing at Dome C, Antarctica	8
Temporal and spatial dynamics of a local wind in Japan, “Kiyokawa‐dashi”: Insights from high‐density observations and numerical simulations	8
The life cycle of the heatwave boundary layer identified from commercial aircraft observations at Melbourne Airport (Australia)	8
Irrigation impact on boundary layer and precipitation characteristics in Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations during LIAISE‐2021	7
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Analyzing future marine cold spells in the tropical Indian Ocean: Insights from a regional Earth system model	7
Assessing the role of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on the severe heatwave of May 2015 over India	7
Nonlinear diffusion‐limited two‐dimensional colliding‐plume simulations with very high‐order numerical approximations	7
Can lightning indicate genesis frequency of tropical cyclones over the South China Sea?	7
Evaluation of different sub‐grid orographic drag schemes on typhoon precipitation in Northeast China in the Weather Research and Forecasting model	7
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A review of the FATIMA Yellow Sea field campaign research	7
The characterization and impact of Aeolus wind profile observations in NOAA's regional tropical cyclone model (HWRF)	7
Potential‐temperature variance budget in a saturated coastal‐fog environment	7
A variational Bayesian approach for ensemble filtering of stochastically parametrized systems	7
Forced trends and internal variability in climate change projections of extreme European windstorm frequency and severity	7
Kriging‐variance‐based multi‐member ensembles of radar–rain‐gauge precipitation estimates: Application in Switzerland	7
Too‐stable North Atlantic climate system in CMIP6 experiments undermines precipitation projections in Europe	7
Non‐Gaussian variational data assimilation with reverse‐lognormal errors	7
The impact of Arctic sea‐ice loss on winter weather in the British Isles	7
Issue Information	7
Issue Information	7
Spatial and temporal structure of the fog life cycle over Atlantic Canada and the Grand Banks	7
Decomposing the role of dry intrusions for ocean evaporation during mistral	7
Extra predictability from a seamless approach for Asian summer monsoon precipitation from days to weeks	7
On methods for assessment of the value of observations in convection‐permitting data assimilation and numerical weather forecasting	7
Assimilating atmospheric motion vector winds using a feature track correction observation operator	7
Issue Information	7
Large‐eddy simulations of drizzling shallow cumuli using a turbulence‐aware autoconversion parametrization	7
Performance evaluation of regional weather predictions with the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere ( MPAS ‐A) over the Maritime Continen	7
Comparison of uncertainty quantification methods for cloud simulation	7
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Improving the short‐range forecast of storm surges in the southwestern Atlantic continental shelf using 4DEnSRF data assimilation	7
Joint modulation of coastal rainfall in Northeast Australia by local and large‐scale forcings	7
Spike formation on supercooled water droplets collected by micrometer ice crystals	7
A microwave temperature sounder (MWTS)–microwave humidity sounder fusion cloud detection method for land data from the FengYun‐3D MWTS and its impact on error estimation	6
A high‐resolution climatological study of explosive cyclones in the Mediterranean region: Frequency, intensity and synoptic drivers	6
A conditional decomposition of proper scores: quantifying the sources of information in a forecast	6
The capability of 20th‐century reanalyses to reproduce the spatiotemporal variation in surface incident solar radiation over Japan for 1931–2010	6
A balanced model of a hurricane vortex coupled to a boundary layer	6
Impact of ocean data assimilation on the sub‐polar North Atlantic in MPI‐ESM	6
A station‐based evaluation of near‐surface south foehn evolution in COSMO‐1	6
Satellite signature of the instantaneous wind response to mesoscale oceanic thermal structures	6
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A case study analysis of the impact of a new free tropospheric turbulence scheme on the dispersion of an atmospheric tracer	6
Convergence of forecast distributions in a 100,000‐member idealised convective‐scale ensemble	6
The role of in situ ocean data assimilation in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts of sea‐surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth over the tropical Pacific ocean	6
Idealized study of representing spatial and temporal variations in the error contribution of surface emissivity for assimilating surface‐sensitive microwave radiance observations over land	6
A new smoother method for treating different timescales in variational data assimilation for coupled systems	6
Towards a new generation of artificial‐intelligence‐based infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer retrievals of surface temperature: Part I – Methodology	6
The horizontal and vertical controls on the thermal structure of the tropical troposphere	6
Tropical tropospheric warming pattern explained by shifts in convective heating in the Matsuno–Gill model	6
On the intensification of typhoon Damrey with the monsoon gyre	6
On the genesis and dynamics of Madden–Julian oscillation‐like structure formed by equatorial adjustment of localized heating	6
An assessment of Arctic diurnal water‐vapour cycles in Canada's weather forecast model and ERA5	6
Impact of Aeolus wind lidar observations on the representation of the West African monsoon circulation in the ECMWF and DWD forecasting systems	6
Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclone biases in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts	6
Relative contributions of local heat storage and ocean heat transport to cold‐season Arctic Ocean surface energy fluxes in CMIP6 models	6
Microphysical mechanisms of wintertime postfrontal precipitation enhancement over the Australian Snowy Mountains	6
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Investigation of the trigger perturbation for a simulated case of arctic oscillation transition using initial‐condition perturbation denial experiments	6
Physics–dynamics–chemistry coupling across different meshes in LFRic‐Atmosphere: Formulation and idealised tests	6
Identifying and characterising trapped lee waves using deep learning techniques	6
Large model biases in the Pacific centre of the Northern Annular Mode due to exaggerated variability of the Aleutian Low	6
How inaccurate offshore wind observations impact the quality of operational numerical weather prediction	6
Comments on ‘Theoretical aspects of the size distribution of fog particles’	6
Resolution dependence of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer in global storm‐resolving climate simulations	6
Compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of precipitation in Xiamen, southeast China coast: Seasonal variations, synoptic processes, and typhoons impact	6
Comparison of two numerical weather prediction models in simulating south foehn in the Alpine Rhine Valley	6
On the indices of the normal modes of Laplace's tidal equations for zonal wavenumber zero	6
RISE ‐net: A deep‐learning model for improving fine‐scale summer precipitation nowcasting in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei	6
Ensemble‐based estimates of the impact of potential observations	6
Illustration of an object‐based approach to identify structural differences in tropical cyclone wind fields	6
Windows of opportunity in subseasonal weather regime forecasting: A statistical–dynamical approach	6
On the thermodynamic invariance of fine‐grain and coarse‐grain fluid models	6
Changes in extreme precipitation in Taiwan's Mei‐yu season	6
Climatology of upper‐tropospheric turbulence: Capabilities and limitations of aircraft reports and ERA5 reanalysis diagnostics	5
Flow dependence of forecast uncertainty in a large convection‐permitting ensemble	5
A surface pressure tendency equation incorporating hydrometeors and its preliminary application in tropical cyclones	5
Mechanisms for two types of extreme heavy rainfall in northern China under similar synoptic‐scale background environments	5
Turbulence‐resolving simulations of Hurricane Laura (2020): Insights into extreme winds and eyewall turbulence	5
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Northward propagation of convection over the Indian region in multiphysics multimodel ensemble	5
Strong temperature falls as a cold frontal metric in Australian station observations, reanalyses and climate models	5