Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Article	Citations
The ERA5 global reanalysis: Preliminary extension to 1950	253
An evaluation of ERA5 precipitation for climate monitoring	110
The impact of Aeolus wind retrievals on ECMWF global weather forecasts	84
Using machine learning to correct model error in data assimilation and forecast applications	63
An evaluation of surface meteorology and fluxes over the Iceland and Greenland Seas in ERA5 reanalysis: The impact of sea ice distribution	53
Assimilation of satellite data in numerical weather prediction. Part II: Recent years	47
Year‐round sub‐seasonal forecast skill for Atlantic–European weather regimes	33
Climate variability and impacts on maize (Zea mays) yield in Ghana, West Africa	30
Latent space data assimilation by using deep learning	29
Teleconnections of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in a multi‐model ensemble of QBO‐resolving models	28
Urban‐induced modifications to the diurnal cycle of rainfall over a tropical city	28
Coupled data assimilation at ECMWF: current status, challenges and future developments	27
Sub‐km scale numerical weather prediction model simulations of radiation fog	25
Characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in storm‐resolving global simulations	25
Statistical approaches to assimilate ASCAT soil moisture information—I. Methodologies and first assessment	24
Optimization and impact assessment of Aeolus HLOS wind assimilation in NOAA's global forecast system	23
Central Arctic weather forecasting: Confronting theECMWF IFSwith observations from the Arctic Ocean 2018 expedition	22
A deep learning framework for lightning forecasting with multi‐source spatiotemporal data	22
Revision of the Stochastically Perturbed Parametrisations model uncertainty scheme in the Integrated Forecasting System	21
Tropical cyclone life cycle in a three‐dimensional numerical simulation	21
Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization	21
Large‐eddy simulation of foehn–cold pool interactions in the Inn Valley during PIANO IOP 2	21
Wind‐Topo: Downscaling near‐surface wind fields to high‐resolution topography in highly complex terrain with deep learning	21
Abnormal warm sea‐surface temperature in the Indian Ocean, active potential vorticity over the Tibetan Plateau, and severe flooding along the Yangtze River in summer 2020	20
Understanding the post‐monsoon tropical cyclone variability and trend over the Bay of Bengal during the satellite era	20

Operational assimilation of Aeolus winds in the Météo‐France global NWP model ARPEGE	20
Which precipitation forecasts to use? Deterministic versus coarser‐resolution ensemble NWP models	19
Spectrum calibration of the first hyperspectral infrared measurements from a geostationary platform: Method and preliminary assessment	19
Air pollution in the Gobi Desert region: Analysis of dust‐storm events	19
Large‐scale connection to deadly Indian heatwaves	18
Combining distribution‐based neural networks to predict weather forecast probabilities	18
Impact of the Aeolus Level‐2B horizontal line‐of‐sight winds in the Environment and Climate Change Canada global forecast system	18
The representation of winter Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking in ECMWF seasonal prediction systems	18
Geostrophic drag law for conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers revisited	18
Extreme precipitation events over northern Italy. Part II: Dynamical precursors	18
Implementation of a double moment cloud microphysics scheme in the UK met office regional numerical weather prediction model	17
On the daily cycle of mesoscale cloud organization in the winter trades	17
The intricacies of identifying equatorial waves	16
Reducing the spin‐up of a regional NWP system without data assimilation	16
Impact of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on extreme precipitation over the western Maritime Continent and Southeast Asia	16
What do large‐scale patterns teach us about extreme precipitation over the Mediterranean at medium‐ and extended‐range forecasts?	15
The fractional energy balance equation	14
Assimilation of radar reflectivity volumes in a pre‐operational framework	14
Exploring relationships between weather patterns and observed lightning activity for Britain and Ireland	14
More accuracy with less precision	14
The role of atmospheric dynamics and large‐scale topography in driving heatwaves	14
Relative impact of observations on a regional Arctic numerical weather prediction system	14
Quality control and bias adjustment of crowdsourced wind speed observations	14
Role of moist and dry air advection in the development of Mediterranean tropical‐like cyclones (medicanes)	14
Assessment of convection‐permitting versions of the Unified Model over the Lake Victoria basin region	14
Heavy versus extreme rainfall events in southeast Australia	13
Large‐eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer over an Alpine glacier: Impact of synoptic flow direction and governing processes	13
Comparison of multivariate post‐processing methods using global ECMWF ensemble forecasts	13
Supermodding – A special footprint operator for mesoscale data assimilation using scatterometer winds	13
Major surface melting over the Ross Ice Shelf part I: Foehn effect	13
Evaluation of global reanalysis winds and high‐resolution regional model outputs with the 205 MHz stratosphere–troposphere wind profiler radar observations	12
Influence of a spectral cumulus parametrization on simulating global tropical cyclone activity in an AGCM	12
Improving the Met Office's Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) with the assimilation of satellite‐derived sea‐ice thickness data from CryoSat‐2 and SMOS in the Ar	12
Near‐field atmospheric inversions for the localization and quantification of controlled methane releases using stationary and mobile measurements	12
The clear‐sky downwelling long‐wave radiation at the surface in current and future climates	12
Examination of all‐sky infrared radiance simulation of Himawari‐8 for global data assimilation and model verification	12
Evaluation of a roughness length parametrization accounting for wind–wave alignment in a coupled atmosphere–wave model	12
Urban intensification of convective rainfall over the Singapore – Johor Bahru region	12
The resistance law for stably stratified atmospheric planetary boundary layers	12
One‐dimensional maximum‐likelihood estimation for spaceborne precipitation radar data assimilation	12
Reconciling different methods of high‐latitude blocking detection	11
Features of atmospheric deep convection in northwestern South America obtained from infrared satellite data	11
Comparison of kilometre and sub‐kilometre scale simulations of a foehn wind event over the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM)	11
State, global, and local parameter estimation using local ensemble Kalman filters: Applications to online machine learning of chaotic dynamics	11
Assessing the quality of novel Aeolus winds for NWP applications at NCMRWF	11
NWP calibration applied to Aeolus Mie channel winds	10
Major surface melting over the Ross Ice Shelf part II: Surface energy balance	10
Spatial and temporal variations in near‐surface energy fluxes in an Alpine valley under synoptically undisturbed and clear‐sky conditions	10
A new stochastic ocean physics package and its application to hybrid‐covariance data assimilation	10
Baroclinic instability and large‐scale wave propagation in a planetary‐scale atmosphere	10

A particle flow filter for high‐dimensional system applications	10
Variation in the Holton–Tan effect by longitude	10
Recurvature and movement processes of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal	10
Speed‐up of the Madeira tip jets in the ERA5 climate highlights the decadal variability of the Atlantic subtropics	10
Waves and coherent flows in the tropical atmosphere: New opportunities, old challenges	10
Delhi Model with Chemistry and aerosol framework (DM‐Chem) for high‐resolution fog forecasting	10
Numerical prediction of tropical cyclogenesis part I: Evaluation of model performance	10
Flower trade‐wind clouds are shallow mesoscale convective systems	10
Evaluation of point forecasts for extreme events using consistent scoring functions	9
The sensitivity of the West African monsoon circulation to intraseasonal soil moisture feedbacks	9
Persistent warm and dry extremes over the eastern Mediterranean during winter: The role of North Atlantic blocking and central Mediterranean cyclones	9
TRAIL part 2: A comprehensive assessment of ice particle fall speed parametrisations	9
Characterising extratropical near‐tropopause analysis humidity biases and their radiative effects on temperature forecasts	9
On the genesis and dynamics of Madden–Julian oscillation‐like structure formed by equatorial adjustment of localized heating	9
Katabatic and convective processes drive two preferred peaks in the precipitation diurnal cycle over the Central Himalaya	9
Understanding spatiotemporal variability of drought in recent decades and its drivers over identified homogeneous regions of India	9
An implementation of single‐precision fast spherical harmonic transform in Yin–He global spectral model	9
Towards a more “scale‐aware” orographic gravity wave drag parametrization: Description and initial testing	9
Bidimensional climatology and trends of Northern Hemisphere blocking utilizing a new detection method	9
Model error covariance estimation in particle and ensemble Kalman filters using an online expectation–maximization algorithm	9
A new global ocean ensemble system at the Met Office: Assessing the impact of hybrid data assimilation and inflation settings	9
Water vapour products from ERA5, MERSI‐II/FY‐3D, OLCI/Sentinel‐3A, OLCI/Sentinel‐3B, MODIS/Aqua and MODIS	9
Understanding London's summertime cloud cover	8
Observation impact metrics in NWP: A theoretical study. Part I: Optimal systems	8
Numerical discretization causing error variance loss and the need for inflation	8
Assimilation of shipborne precipitable water vapour by Global Navigation Satellite Systems for extreme precipitation events	8
Distributed urban drag parametrization for sub‐kilometre scale numerical weather prediction	8
A data assimilation algorithm for predicting rain	8
Baroclinicity in stable atmospheric boundary layers: Characterizing turbulence structures and collapsing wind profiles via reduced models and large‐eddy simulations	8
Performances between the FY‐4A/GIIRS and FY‐4B/GIIRS Long‐Wave InfraRed (LWIR) channels under clear‐sky and all‐sky conditions	8
Changes in atmospheric latent energy transport into the Arctic: Planetary versus synoptic scales	8
On the addition of microwave sounders and numerical weather prediction skill	8
Weather patterns in Southeast Asia: Relationship with tropical variability and heavy precipitation	8
Perspective on aircraft in the stratosphere: 50 years from COMESA through the ozone hole to climate	8
Improvements in tropical precipitation and sea surface air temperature fields in a coupled atmosphere–ocean data assimilation system	8
Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban‐PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results	8
On the separation of upper and low‐level centres of tropical storm Kong‐Rey (2013) near Taiwan in association with asymmetric latent heating	8
Impact of all‐sky water vapour channel radiance from INSAT‐3D/3DR satellite over South Asia region using WRF model	8
Validation of the Aeolus L2B Rayleigh winds and ECMWF short‐range forecasts in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using Loon super pressure balloon observations	8
Stochastic parametrization: An alternative to inflation in ensemble Kalman filters	8
Why does EnKF suffer from analysis overconfidence? An insight into exploiting the ever‐increasing volume of observations	8
Sub‐hourly resolution quality control of rain‐gauge data significantly improves regional sub‐daily return level estimates	8
A high‐order WENO‐limited finite‐volume algorithm for atmospheric flow using the ADER‐differential transform time discretization	8
Aircraft observations and reanalysis depictions of trends in the North Atlantic winter jet stream wind speeds and turbulence	8
Sensitivity of QBO teleconnection to model circulation biases	8
External controls on the transition between stable boundary‐layer turbulence regimes	8
Synergetic roles of dynamic and cloud microphysical processes in extreme short‐term rainfall: A case‐study	8
Subseasonal predictability of onset, duration, and intensity of European heat extremes	8
Distilling the mechanism for the Madden–Julian Oscillation into a simple translating structure	7
Particle filters for data assimilation based on reduced‐order data models	7
Quantifying the circulation induced by convective clouds in kilometer‐scale simulations	7
Understanding mechanisms for trends in Sahelian squall lines: Roles of thermodynamics and shear	7
Understanding the relationship of storm‐ to large‐scale environment in the monsoon trough region: results inferred from long‐term radar and reanalysis datasets	7
Impact of the Arctic observing systems on the ECCC global weather forecasts	7
Two‐fluid single‐column modelling of Rayleigh–Bénard convection as a step towards multi‐fluid modelling of atmospheric convection	7
Data assimilation for nonlinear systems with a hybrid nonlinear Kalman ensemble transform filter	7
Modelling and parametrization of the convective flow over leads in sea ice and comparison with airborne observations	7
Multi‐model assessment of sub‐seasonal predictive skill for year‐round Atlantic–European weather regimes	7
Key parameters for droplet evaporation and mixing at the cloud edge	7
TRAIL: A novel approach for studying the aerodynamics of ice particles	7
Detection of interannual ensemble forecast signals over the North Atlantic and Europe using atmospheric circulation regimes	7
Contributions of downstream baroclinic development to strong Southern Hemisphere cut‐off lows	7
Assessing observation network design predictions for monitoring Antarctic surface temperature	7
The role of shallow convection in the momentum budget of the trades from large‐eddy‐simulation hindcasts	7
Combining data assimilation and machine learning to estimate parameters of a convective‐scale model	7
Long‐term single‐column model intercomparison of diurnal cycle of precipitation over midlatitude and tropical land	7
Cold pools over the Netherlands: A statistical study from tower and radar observations	7
Characterising the shape, size, and orientation of cloud‐feeding coherent boundary‐layer structures	7
An Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation (IASI‐NG) channel selection for numerical weather prediction	7
Radar reflectivity assimilation using hourly cycling4D‐Varin the Met Office Unified Model	7
Influence of grid resolution of large‐eddy simulations on foehn‐cold pool interaction	7
Nowcasting the precipitation phase combining weather radar data, surface observations, and NWP model forecasts	7
Stratosphere–troposphere coupling enhances subseasonal predictability of Northern Eurasian cold spells	7
Assimilation of crowd‐sourced surface observations over Germany in a regional weather prediction system	7
C‐LAEF: Convection‐permitting Limited‐Area Ensemble Forecasting system	7
Distributions and convergence of forecast variables in a 1,000‐member convection‐permitting ensemble	7
Radiative forcing due to carbon dioxide decomposed into its component vibrational bands†	7
C‐POOL: A scheme for modelling convective cold pools in the Met Office Unified Model	7
Dynamical propagation and growth mechanisms for convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin waves over the Indian Ocean	7
Impact of season, cloud cover, and air pollution on different spectral regions of ultraviolet and visible incident solar radiation at the surface	7

Ensemble Kalman filter for nonconservative moving mesh solvers with a joint physics and mesh location update	7
Predictors and prediction skill for marine cold‐air outbreaks over the Barents Sea	7
Dynamics of forecast‐error growth along cut‐off Sanchez and its consequence for the prediction of a high‐impact weather event over southern France	6
A new approach to extended‐range multimodel forecasting: Sequential learning algorithms	6
Incorporating the North Atlantic Oscillation into the post‐processing of MOGREPS‐G wind speed forecasts	6
Impacts of different perturbation methods on multiscale interactions between multisource perturbations for convection‐permitting ensemble forecasting during SCMREX	6
Importance of self‐induced vertical wind shear and diabatic heating on the Fujiwhara effect	6
Formation and maintenance of subsiding shells around non‐precipitating and precipitating cumulus clouds	6
Formation of fog due to stratus lowering: An observational and modelling case study	6
Radar reflectivity data assimilation method based on background‐dependent hydrometeor retrieval: Comparison with direct assimilation for real cases	6
The Rankine–Kirchhoff approximations for moist thermodynamics	6
On the anomalous development of a series of heavy rainfall events from central to north China during 19–21 July 2016	6
Mechanisms of influence of the Semi‐Annual Oscillation on stratospheric sudden warmings	6
SPHERA, a new convection‐permitting regional reanalysis over Italy: Improving the description of heavy rainfall	6
Forcing mechanism of the Silk Road pattern and the sensitivity of Rossby‐wave source hotspots to mean‐state winds	6
Effective buoyancy and CAPE: Some implications for tropical cyclones	6
Estimating GPS radio occultation observation error standard deviations over China using the three‐cornered hat method	6
Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the tropics and central United States: intercomparison of general circulation models	6
Extreme rainfall events in the West African Sahel: Understanding storm development over the Damergou gap using convection‐permitting simulations in the Weather Research and Forecasting model	6
A cold pool perturbation scheme to improve convective initiation in convection‐permitting models	6
Met Office MOGREPS‐G initialisation using an ensemble of hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble variational (En‐4DEnVar) data assimilations	6
Lp‐norm regularization approaches in variational data assimilation	6
Landfalling tropical cyclone characteristics and their multi‐timescale variability connected to monsoon and easterly formation environments over the western North Pacific	6
The characterization and impact of Aeolus wind profile observations in NOAA's regional tropical cyclone model (HWRF)	6
Influences of North Pacific anomalies on Indian summer monsoon onset	6
Sensitivity of convective precipitation to model grid spacing and land‐surface resolution in ICON	6
The assimilation of microwave humidity sounder observations in all‐sky conditions	6
Aircraft observations and sub‐km modelling of the lake–land breeze circulation over Lake Victoria	6
Implementation of the urban parameterization scheme in the Delhi model with an improved urban morphology	6
Understanding the characteristics of microphysical processes in the rapid intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal	6
Circulation conservation in the outflow of warm conveyor belts and consequences for Rossby wave evolution	6
Analysis of MTG‐IRS observations and general channel selection for numerical weather prediction models	6
Grid resolution dependency of land surface heterogeneity effects on boundary‐layer structure	6
The effect of stochastically perturbed parametrisation tendencies (SPPT) on rapidly ascending air streams	6
The impact of weak environmental steering flow on tropical cyclone track predictability	6
Has the risk of a 1976 north‐west European summer drought and heatwave event increased since the 1970s because of climate change?	6
Plausible changes in wheat‐growing periods and grain yield in China triggered by future climate change under multiple scenarios and periods	5
Development and evaluation of an ensemble forecast/hindcast system for storm surges in the Río de la Plata Estuary	5
Evaluation of an experimental Warn‐on‐Forecast 3DVAR analysis and forecast system on quasi‐real‐time short‐term forecasts of high‐impact weather events	5
Composited structure of non‐precipitating shallow cumulus clouds	5
High‐resolution climate change projection of northeast monsoon rainfall over peninsular India	5
Tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific impacted by SST anomalies from other basins while El Niño decays	5
Process‐oriented evaluation of the oversea AROME configuration: Focus on the representation of cloud organisation	5
Extreme precipitation at Padang, Sumatra triggered by convectively coupled Kelvin waves	5
Sensitivity of snowfall forecast over North China to ice crystal deposition/sublimation parameterizations in the WSM6 cloud microphysics scheme	5
Seasonal prediction of UK mean and extreme winds	5
Scale‐dependent blending of ensemble rainfall nowcasts and numerical weather prediction in the open‐source pysteps library	5
A case‐study of the coupled ocean–atmosphere response to an oceanic diurnal warm layer	5
Decreased dissimilarity of turbulent transport attributed to large eddies	5
Lagged ensembles in sub‐seasonal predictions	5
Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions during a Saharan dust event – A summertime case‐study from the Alps	5
A general theory for the characterization of submeso‐scale motions and turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer	5
Forecasts of “normal”	5
Thermodynamically consistent versions of approximations used in modelling moist air	5
A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney–Phillips staggering	5
Sensitivity of a simple atmospheric model to changing surface friction with implications for seasonal prediction	5
Impacts of initial conditions and model configuration on simulations of polar lows near Svalbard using Polar WRF with 3DVAR	5
Evaluation of machine learning techniques for forecast uncertainty quantification	5
Cross‐valley vortices in the Inn valley, Austria: Structure, evolution and governing force imbalances	5
Classifying precipitation from GEO satellite observations: Diagnostic model	5
The daytime trapped lee wave pattern and evolution induced by two small‐scale mountains of different heights	5
SAD: Verifying the scale, anisotropy and direction of precipitation forecasts	5
The sensitivity of probabilistic convective‐scale forecasts of an extratropical cyclone to atmosphere–ocean–wave coupling	5
Accounting for Lambertian reflection in the assimilation of microwave sounding radiances over snow and sea‐ice	5
The impact of the QBO on the region of the tropical tropopause in QBOi models: Present‐day simulations	5
Explicitly determined sea ice emissivity and emission temperature over the Arctic for surface‐sensitive microwave channels	5
Evaluating errors due to unresolved scales in convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction	5
Assimilating atmospheric infrasound data to constrain atmospheric winds in a two‐dimensional grid	5
Can a climate model successfully diagnose clear‐air turbulence and its response to climate change?	5
Surface‐driven amplification of Madden–Julian oscillation circulation anomalies across East Africa and its influence on the Turkana jet	5
Improving the short‐range forecast of storm surges in the southwestern Atlantic continental shelf using 4DEnSRF data assimilation	5
The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: Addendum	5
Quantitative description and characteristics of submeso motion and turbulence intermittency	5
The effect of Ganges river basin irrigation on pre‐monsoon rainfall	5
Preparing the assimilation of the future MTG‐IRS sounder into the mesoscale numerical weather prediction AROME model	5
The potential of numerical prediction systems to support the design of Arctic observing systems: Insights from the APPLICATE and YOPP projects	5
Representing the effects of building height variability on urban canopy flow	5
The possible links between the Barents–Kara sea‐ice area, Ural blocking, and the North Atlantic Oscillation	5
Formation of a low‐level barrier jet and its modulation by dust radiative forcing over the Hexi Corridor in Central China on March 17, 2010	4
Evaluating the CoMorph‐A parametrization using idealized simulations of the two‐way coupling between convection and large‐scale dynamics	4
The dynamics of slow‐moving coherent cyclonic potential vorticity anomalies and their links to heavy rainfall over the eastern seaboard of Australia	4
Development of model output statistics based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for forecasting next‐day maximum temperature in South Korea	4
Froude‐number‐based rainfall regimes over the Western Ghats mountains of India	4
Combined effects of soil moisture and microphysical perturbations on convective clouds and precipitation for a locally forced case over Central Europe	4
Large‐eddy simulation of very stable boundary layers. Part II: Length scales and anisotropy in stratified atmospheric turbulence	4
Impact of Aeolus wind lidar observations on the representation of the West African monsoon circulation in the ECMWF and DWD forecasting systems	4
Evolution of convective characteristics during tropical cyclogenesis	4
Predictability of moisture flux anomalies indicating central European extreme precipitation events	4
Exploring the structure of time‐correlated model errors in the ECMWF data assimilation system	4
A high‐accuracy global prognostic model for the simulation of Rossby and gravity wave dynamics	4
Understanding the impact of assimilating FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 radio occultation refractivity on tropical cyclone genesis: Observing system simulation experiments using Hurricane <	4
Coupled atmosphere–ocean observations of a cold‐air outbreak and its impact on the Iceland Sea	4
Local and non‐local atmospheric effects of abnormal soil moisture over Indochina during May and June	4
The influence of aerosol hygroscopicity on clouds and precipitation over Western Ghats, India	4
An accurate and computationally cheap microwave scattering method for ice aggregates: the Independent Monomer Approximation	4