Physics in Medicine and Biology

Article	Citations
Estimation of optical pathlength through tissue from direct time of flight measurement	1515
Spatiotemporal signal space separation method for rejecting nearby interference in MEG measurements	1064
Medical image registration	988
A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal, benign and malignant breast tissues obtained from cancer surgeries	884
A radiomics model from joint FDG-PET and MRI texture features for the prediction of lung metastases in soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities	583
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging	519
X-ray phase-contrast imaging: from pre-clinical applications towards clinics	516
A unified approach for inversion problems in intensity-modulated radiation therapy	516
SpekCalc: a program to calculate photon spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes	488
A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal breast tissue obtained from reduction surgeries	486
X-ray computed tomography	403
Digimouse: a 3D whole body mouse atlas from CT and cryosection data	384
Motion adaptive x-ray therapy: a feasibility study	372
The modified Beer–Lambert law revisited	363
IMRT: a review and preview	319
Targeted disruption of the blood–brain barrier with focused ultrasound: association with cavitation activity	318
Methods of image reconstruction from projections applied to conformation radiotherapy	317
Optical imaging of Cerenkov light generation from positron-emitting radiotracers	309
Fifty years of Monte Carlo simulations for medical physics	302
Iterative reconstruction techniques in emission computed tomography	283
Polymer gels for magnetic resonance imaging of radiation dose distributions at normal room atmosphere	279
Determination of complex refractive index of polystyrene microspheres from 370 to 1610 nm	273
Radiation dose distributions in three dimensions from tomographic optical density scanning of polymer gels: I. Development of an optical scanner	270
Evaluation of sparse-view reconstruction from flat-panel-detector cone-beam CT	266
Exact image reconstruction on PI-lines from minimum data in helical cone-beam CT	250

Comparison of dose calculation algorithms for treatment planning in external photon beam therapy for clinical situations	242
Performance evaluation of the microPET P4: a PET system dedicated to animal imaging	237
FDTD calculations of the whole-body averaged SAR in an anatomically realistic voxel model of the human body from 1 MHz to 1 GHz	236
In vivocerebrovascular measurement combining diffuse near-infrared absorption and correlation spectroscopies	228
History of tomotherapy	212
The fundamental radiation properties of normoxic polymer gel dosimeters: a comparison between a methacrylic acid based gel and acrylamide based gels	211
Dielectric properties of human normal, malignant and cirrhotic liver tissue:in vivoandex vivomeasurements from 0.5 to 20 GHz using a precision open-ended coaxial probe	209
Development of the female voxel phantom, NAOMI, and its application to calculations of induced current densities and electric fields from applied low frequency magnetic and electric fields	206
Determining changes in NIR absorption using a layered model of the human head	200
Dielectric properties of mammalian tissues from 0.1 to 100 MHz; a summary of recent data	199
A motion-incorporated reconstruction method for gated PET studies	197
Changes in the dielectric properties of rat tissue as a function of age at microwave frequencies	193
The interaction between Terahertz radiation and biological tissue	191
Image-guidance for surgical procedures	189
Radiation dose distributions in three dimensions from tomographic optical density scanning of polymer gels: II. Optical properties of the BANG polymer gel	188
Refractive indices of human skin tissues at eight wavelengths and estimated dispersion relations between 300 and 1600 nm	187
Dynamic ventilation imaging from four-dimensional computed tomography	180
Positron emission tomography	176
Image reconstruction from fan-beam projections on less than a short scan	176
Monte Carlo simulation of electron beams from an accelerator head using PENELOPE	171
Nuclear interactions in proton therapy: dose and relative biological effect distributions originating from primary and secondary particles	170
Ultrasound imaging	167
Dosimetric properties of photon beams from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator	163
Investigation of a method for generating synthetic CT models from MRI scans of the head and neck for radiation therapy	162
Tissue engineering: the biophysical background	159
Respiratory effects in human functional magnetic resonance imaging due to bulk susceptibility changes	158
Temporal backward projection of optoacoustic pressure transients using Fourier transform methods	158
A pencil beam algorithm for intensity modulated proton therapy derived from Monte Carlo simulations	156
Cell model for efficient simulation of wave propagation in human ventricular tissue under normal and pathological conditions	156
A soft-threshold filtering approach for reconstruction from a limited number of projections	152
Reconstruction of densities from their projections, with applications in radiological physics	150
Diagnostic imaging over the last 50 years: research and development in medical imaging science and technology	148
Dielectric measurement: error analysis and assessment of uncertainty	147
Estimation of effective dose to the patient during medical X-ray examinations from measurements of the dose-area product	147
Ultrawideband temperature-dependent dielectric properties of animal liver tissue in the microwave frequency range	143
Dose resolution in radiotherapy polymer gel dosimetry: effect of echo spacing in MRI pulse sequence	141
Ventilation from four-dimensional computed tomography: density versus Jacobian methods	140
Experimental verification of ion stopping power prediction from dual energy CT data in tissue surrogates	138
Dose delivered from Varian's CBCT to patients receiving IMRT for prostate cancer	137
Review of electron beam therapy physics	133
The characterization of unflattened photon beams from a 6 MV linear accelerator	132
Fast Monte Carlo simulation of DNA damage formed by electrons and light ions	132
Quantitative elasticity imaging: what can and cannot be inferred from strain images	131
Depth of interaction resolution measurements for a high resolution PET detector using position sensitive avalanche photodiodes	130
A detector head design for small-animal PET with silicon photomultipliers (SiPM)	130
Variability analysis of SAR from 20 MHz to 2.4 GHz for different adult and child models using finite-difference time-domain	129
A CCD-based optical CT scanner for high-resolution 3D imaging of radiation dose distributions: equipment specifications, optical simulations and preliminary results	129
Linac-integrated 4D cone beam CT: first experimental results	129
Monte Carlo modelling of electron beams from medical accelerators	128
A Monte Carlo based method to estimate radiation dose from multidetector CT (MDCT): cylindrical and anthropomorphic phantoms	127

Synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART): improvement of breathing pattern reproducibility using respiratory coaching	125
In vivooptical characterization of human tissues from 610 to 1010 nm by time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy	124
Total variation norm for three-dimensional iterative reconstruction in limited view angle tomography	122
Determination of the optical properties of turbid media from a single Monte Carlo simulation	122
Development of methods for body composition studies	121
A model for ultrasonic scattering from tissues based on the K distribution	120
Automatic estimation of the noise variance from the histogram of a magnetic resonance image	119
Induced current densities from low-frequency magnetic fields in a 2 mm resolution, anatomically realistic model of the body	119
Monte Carlo verification of IMRT dose distributions from a commercial treatment planning optimization system	119
Validation of a Monte Carlo simulation of the Philips Allegro/GEMINI PET systems using GATE	119
Conductivity of living intracranial tissues	118
Tumour volume determination from MR images by morphological segmentation	116
Motion correction for improved target localization with on-board cone-beam computed tomography	116
Deformable registration of the planning image (kVCT) and the daily images (MVCT) for adaptive radiation therapy	116
Evaluation of inverse methods and head models for EEG source localization using a human skull phantom	115
Time resolved optical tomography of the human forearm	115
Treatment planning for heavy ion radiotherapy: clinical implementation and application	113
Estimating radiation doses from multidetector CT using Monte Carlo simulations: effects of different size voxelized patient models on magnitudes of organ and effective dose	111
Non-invasive and quantitative near-infrared haemoglobin spectrometry in the piglet brain during hypoxic stress, using a frequency-domain multidistance instrument†	111
Image reconstruction in regions-of-interest from truncated projections in a reduced fan-beam scan	110
A robust approach to IMRT optimization	109
An experimental study of the dose response of polymer gel dosimeters imaged with x-ray computed tomography	108
Tissue motion assessment from 3D echographic speckle tracking	108
Tumour dosimetry in human liver following hepatic yttrium-90 microsphere therapy	107
Combining deterministic and Monte Carlo calculations for fast estimation of scatter intensities in CT	107
X-ray scattering from human breast tissues and breast-equivalent materials	106
Simultaneous MRI and PET imaging of a rat brain	106
Acoustic response of compliable microvessels containing ultrasound contrast agents	106
MRI-based measurements of respiratory motion variability and assessment of imaging strategies for radiotherapy planning	105
On the accuracy of monomer/polymer gel dosimetry in the proximity of a high-dose-rate192Ir source	103
Evaluation of response to treatment using DCE-MRI: the relationship between initial area under the gadolinium curve (IAUGC) and quantitative pharmacokinetic analysis	102
A Monte Carlo-based method to estimate radiation dose from spiral CT: from phantom testing to patient-specific models	102
Functional CT imaging of angiogenesis in rabbit VX2 soft-tissue tumour	102
On the detector arrangement for in-beam PET for hadron therapy monitoring	101
Intrathoracic tumour motion estimation from CT imaging using the 3D optical flow method	101
Generating patient specific pseudo-CT of the head from MR using atlas-based regression	100
Calculation of the absorbed dose distribution due to irregularly shaped photon beams using pencil beam kernels derived from basic beam data	100
Rapid calculation of biological effects in ion radiotherapy	100
Calculations of neutron dose equivalent exposures from range-modulated proton therapy beams	100
Dosimetric validation of the anisotropic analytical algorithm for photon dose calculation: fundamental characterization in water	99
Investigation of the viscous heating artefact arising from the use of thermocouples in a focused ultrasound field	99
Rapid calculations of susceptibility-induced magnetostatic field perturbations forin vivomagnetic resonance	99
In vitrodetermination of normal and neoplastic human brain tissue optical properties using inverse adding-doubling	98
Thermoacoustic tomography with correction for acoustic speed variations	98
A model for susceptibility artefacts from respiration in functional echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging	98
Comparison of a finite-element multigroup discrete-ordinates code with Monte Carlo for radiotherapy calculations	98
A study of radon emitted from building materials using plastic α-track detectors	98
Comparative performance of linear and nonlinear neural networks to predict irregular breathing	98
Monitoring of deep brain temperature in infants using multi-frequency microwave radiometry and thermal modelling	97
Cross-sections for water vapour for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region	97
Review and history of photon cross section calculations	96
Estimation of the delivered patient dose in lung IMRT treatment based on deformable registration of 4D-CT data and Monte Carlo simulations	95
Real-time intrafraction motion monitoring in external beam radiotherapy	95
Thermal effects of radiation from cellular telephones	93
An automatic method to discriminate malignant masses from normal tissue in digital mammograms1	93
Combining magnetic particle imaging and magnetic fluid hyperthermia in a theranostic platform	92
Gauging the likelihood of stable cavitation from ultrasound contrast agents	92
A plastic scintillation dosimeter for high dose rate brachytherapy	92
Fast neutron yields and spectra from targets of varying atomic number bombarded with deuterons from 16 to 50 MeV (for radiobiology and radiotherapy)	92
A multiobjective gradient-based dose optimization algorithm for external beam conformal radiotherapy	91
The direct calculation of parametric images from dynamic PET data using maximum-likelihood iterative reconstruction	91
The MLC tongue-and-groove effect on IMRT dose distributions	91
A multiresolution image based approach for correction of partial volume effects in emission tomography	89
Prompt gamma-ray emission from biological tissues during proton irradiation: a preliminary study	89
The use of a neural network to determine tissue optical properties from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements	89
An accurate iterative reconstruction algorithm for sparse objects: application to 3D blood vessel reconstruction from a limited number of projections	87
An anatomically realistic whole-body pregnant-woman model and specific absorption rates for pregnant-woman exposure to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 2 GHz	86
Absorption spectra variations of EBT radiochromic film from radiation exposure	86
Dose distributions using kilovoltage x-rays and dose enhancement from iodine contrast agents	86
Optical properties of porcine skin dermis between 900 nm and 1500 nm	86
Out-of-field photon dose following removal of the flattening filter from a medical accelerator	86
Development of pregnant female, hybrid voxel-mathematical models and their application to the dosimetry of applied magnetic and electric fields at 50 Hz	86
Dose response explorer: an integrated open-source tool for exploring and modelling radiotherapy dose–volume outcome relationships	85
RPI-AM and RPI-AF, a pair of mesh-based, size-adjustable adult male and female computational phantoms using ICRP-89 parameters and their calculations for organ doses from monoenergetic photon beams	84
Automatic re-contouring in 4D radiotherapy	84
Biologically effective uniform dose (D) for specification, report and comparison of dose response relations and treatment plans	84
Shear modulus reconstruction in dynamic elastography: time harmonic case	84
Refractive index measurement for biomaterial samples by total internal reflection	84
Determination of the wavelength dependence of the differential pathlength factor from near-infrared pulse signals	83
Mechanical haemolysis in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL): I. Analysis of cell deformation due to SWL flow-fields	83

Automatic segmentation of the bone and extraction of the bone–cartilage interface from magnetic resonance images of the knee	83
A comparison between objective and subjective image quality measurements for a full field digital mammography system	83
Irradiation of intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma by a single array of microplanar x-ray beams from a synchrotron: balance between curing and sparing	83
An EGS4-ready tomographic computational model of a 14-year-old female torso for calculating organ doses from CT examinations	83
Motion effects in (intensity modulated) radiation therapy: a review	83
VirtualDose: a software for reporting organ doses from CT for adult and pediatric patients	82
A filtering approach based on Gaussian–powerlaw convolutions for local PET verification of proton radiotherapy	82
Calibration of three-dimensional ultrasound images for image-guided radiation therapy	82
A three-dimensional-weighted cone beam filtered backprojection (CB-FBP) algorithm for image reconstruction in volumetric CT—helical scanning	82
Organ dose conversion coefficients for voxel models of the reference male and female from idealized photon exposures	81
	81
Three-dimensional image reconstruction from complete projections	81
Ordered subset reconstruction for x-ray CT	81
Detector development for microPET II: a 1 μl resolution PET scanner for small animal imaging	81
Investigation of optical coherence tomography as an imaging modality in tissue engineering	81
MAX06 and FAX06: update of two adult human phantoms for radiation protection dosimetry	80
Nanoparticles as image enhancing agents for ultrasonography	80
Back to the future: the history and development of the clinical linear accelerator	80
Fast generation of 4D PET-MR data from real dynamic MR acquisitions	79
Deriving effective atomic numbers from DECT based on a parameterization of the ratio of high and low linear attenuation coefficients	79
A method of image registration for small animal, multi-modality imaging	79
LOR-OSEM: statistical PET reconstruction from raw line-of-response histograms	78
FDTD calculation of whole-body average SAR in adult and child models for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz	78
A new magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) algorithm: the RSM-MREIT algorithm with applications to estimation of human head conductivity	77
Derivation of elastic stiffness from site-matched mineral density and acoustic impedance maps	77
Optimization-based reconstruction of sparse images from few-view projections	76
An SVM classifier to separate false signals from microcalcifications in digital mammograms	76
Quantitative functional lung imaging with synchrotron radiation using inhaled xenon as contrast agent	76
Finite-difference time-domain calculations of SAR in a realistic heterogeneous model of the head for plane-wave exposure from 600 MHz to 3 GHz	76
The accuracy and reliability of a novel handheld dynamic indentation probe for analysing articular cartilage	76
Calculation of a pencil beam kernel from measured photon beam data	75
Fast reconstruction of 3D time-of-flight PET data by axial rebinning and transverse mashing	74
Quantitativein vivocell-surface receptor imaging in oncology: kinetic modeling and paired-agent principles from nuclear medicine and optical imaging	74
Optimization algorithms and weighting factors for analysis of dynamic PET studies	73
Noise measurement from magnitude MRI using local estimates of variance and skewness	72
Joint estimation of dynamic PET images and temporal basis functions using fully 4D ML-EM	72
Proton therapy	72
B1field homogeneity and SAR calculations for the birdcage coil	72
The use of the Henyey–Greenstein phase function in Monte Carlo simulations in biomedical optics	72
Directional dependence in film dosimetry: radiographic and radiochromic film	72
Quantitative ultrasound imaging detects degenerative changes in articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone	72
Extraction of dielectric properties of multiple populations from dielectrophoretic collection spectrum data	71
Commissioning stereotactic radiosurgery beams using both experimental and theoretical methods	71
Ultrasonic characterization of human trabecular bone microstructure	70
Charge collection efficiency in ionization chambers exposed to electron beams with high dose per pulse	70
The IPEM code of practice for electron dosimetry for radiotherapy beams of initial energy from 4 to 25 MeV based on an absorbed dose to water calibration	70
FIRST: Fast Iterative Reconstruction Software for (PET) tomography	70
A multiple source model for 6 MV photon beam dose calculations using Monte Carlo	70
Spatial fragment distribution from a therapeutic pencil-like carbon beam in water	69
Absorbed doses for internal radiotherapy from 22 beta-emitting radionuclides: beta dosimetry of small spheres	69
Fitting the linear–quadratic model to detailed data sets for different dose ranges	69
Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from photon irradiation—an update	69
Image restoration from non-uniform magnetic field influence for direct Fourier NMR imaging	69
Theoretical simulation of tumour oxygenation and results from acute and chronic hypoxia	69
The relationship between radiation-induced chemical processes and transverse relaxation times in polymer gel dosimeters	69
Characterization of female breast lesions from multi-wavelength time-resolved optical mammography	68
Maximuma posteriorireconstruction of the Patlak parametric image from sinograms in dynamic PET	68
Quantitative three-dimensional elasticity imaging from quasi-static deformation: a phantom study	67
Configuration of the electron transport algorithm of PENELOPE to simulate ion chambers	67
Investigation of tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride as an antioxidant for use in x-ray computed tomography polyacrylamide gel dosimetry	67
Angiogenic response of locally advanced breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy evaluated with parametric histogram from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI	67
Evaluation of a new electromagnetic tracking system using a standardized assessment protocol	67
Monte Carlo dose calculations for dynamic IMRT treatments	66
Distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in proton and carbon-ion therapy studied with GEANT4	66
Proportion-corrected scaled voxel models for Japanese children and their application to the numerical dosimetry of specific absorption rate for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz	66
Site-matched assessment of structural and tissue properties of cortical bone using scanning acoustic microscopy and synchrotron radiation μCT	66
Use of border information in the classification of mammographic masses	66
A unifying probabilistic Bayesian approach to derive electron density from MRI for radiation therapy treatment planning	66
Breast composition measurements using retrospective standard mammogram form (SMF)	66
Equivalent dose and effective dose from stray radiation during passively scattered proton radiotherapy for prostate cancer	65
Adapting radiotherapy to hypoxic tumours	65
Iterative image reconstruction for positron emission tomography based on a detector response function estimated from point source measurements	65
A physical model of multiple-image radiography	65
Investigating the accuracy of the FLUKA code for transport of therapeutic ion beams in matter	64
Modelling the impact of blood flow on the temperature distribution in the human eye and the orbit: fixed heat transfer coefficients versus the Pennes bioheat model versus discrete blood vessels	64
IMRT delivery to a moving target by dynamic MLC tracking: delivery for targets moving in two dimensions in the beam's eye view	64
DAVID—a translucent multi-wire transmission ionization chamber forin vivoverification of IMRT and conformal irradiation techniques	64
Uncertainties in alanine/ESR dosimetry at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt	64
On the effectiveness of ion range determination from in-beam PET data	64
Rapidly recomputable EEG forward models for realistic head shapes	63
The inclusion of capillary distribution in the adiabatic tissue homogeneity model of blood flow	63
Whole-body voxel phantoms of paediatric patients—UF Series B	63
A focused ultrasound method for simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic applications—a simulation study	63
Assessing correlations between the spatial distribution of the dose to the rectal wall and late rectal toxicity after prostate radiotherapy: an analysis of data from the MRC RT01 trial (ISRCTN 4777239	62
Correction of scatter in megavoltage cone-beam CT	62
Investigating the temporal resolution limits of scintillation detection from pixellated elements: comparison between experiment and simulation	62
Characterization of monomer/crosslinker consumption and polymer formation observed in FT-Raman spectra of irradiated polyacrylamide gels	62
In vivoassessment of trabecular bone structure at the distal radius from high-resolution computed tomography images	61
Modelling of post-irradiation events in polymer gel dosimeters	61
A model to simulate tumour oxygenation and dynamic [18F]-Fmiso PET data	61
Accuracy of deconvolution analysis based on singular value decomposition for quantification of cerebral blood flow using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging	60
The calculations of dose from external photon exposures using reference and realistic human phantoms and Monte Carlo methods	60
Calculation of stopping power ratios for carbon ion dosimetry	60
Image reconstruction from limited angle Compton camera data	60
A diffusion theory model of spatially resolved fluorescence from depth-dependent fluorophore concentrations	60
Application of commercial MOSFET detectors forin vivodosimetry in the therapeutic x-ray range from 80 kV to 250 kV	59
Whole-body-averaged SAR from 50 MHz to 4 GHz in the University of Florida child voxel phantoms	59
MANTIS: combined x-ray, electron and optical Monte Carlo simulations of indirect radiation imaging systems	59
Evaluation of a stochastic reconstruction algorithm for use in Compton camera imaging and beam range verification from secondary gamma emission during proton therapy	59
On the accuracy and effectiveness of dose reconstruction for tomotherapy	59
Analysis of recoverable current from one component of magnetic flux density in MREIT and MRCDI	59
Coupling between elastic strain and interstitial fluid flow: ramifications for poroelastic imaging	59
Evaluation of high performance data acquisition boards for simultaneous sampling of fast signals from PET detectors	58
Simulations to design an online motion compensation system for scanned particle beams	58
Left ventricular motion reconstruction from planar tagged MR images: a comparison	58
Comparison of conventional, model-based quantitative planar, and quantitative SPECT image processing methods for organ activity estimation using In-111 agents	58
Artefacts in multi-echoT2imaging for high-precision gel dosimetry: III. Effects of temperature drift during scanning	58
Model-based compensation for quantitative123I brain SPECT imaging	58
Measurement of charged particle yields from PMMA irradiated by a 220 MeV/u12Cbeam	57
Computer-assisted selection of coplanar beam orientations in intensity-modulated radiation therapy*	57
Classification of movement intention by spatially filtered electromagnetic inverse solutions	57
A spectral approach to ultrasonic scattering from human tissue: methods, objectives and backscattering measurements	57
Tumour oxygen dynamics measured simultaneously by near-infrared spectroscopy and19F magnetic resonance imaging in rats	57
Characterization of the electromagnetic near-field absorption in layered biological tissue in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz	57
Optimization-based image reconstruction from sparse-view data in offset-detector CBCT	57
A practical approach to eliminate autocorrelation artefacts for volume-rate spectral domain optical coherence tomography	57
Influence of CT contrast agents on dose calculations in a 3D treatment planning system	56
Refractive index of carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumours	56
Quantifying the effect of respiratory motion on lung tumour dosimetry with the aid of a breathing phantom with deforming lungs	56
Local frequency dependence in transcranial ultrasound transmission	56
Derivation of the tumor position from external respiratory surrogates with periodical updating of the internal/external correlation	56
On dose distribution comparison	56
Nuclear medicine dosimetry	56
Severity assessment of COVID-19 using CT image features and laboratory indices	55
Derivation of linear attenuation coefficients from CT numbers for low-energy photons	55
An automated segmentation method for three-dimensional carotid ultrasound images	55
Focusing optics of a parallel beam CCD optical tomography apparatus for 3D radiation gel dosimetry	55
Inference of hysteretic respiratory tumor motion from external surrogates: a state augmentation approach	55
On light sharing TOF-PET modules with depth of interaction and 157 ps FWHM coincidence time resolution	55
Effect of optical property estimation accuracy on tomographic bioluminescence imaging: simulation of a combined optical–PET (OPET) system	55
Specific absorbed fractions from the image-based VIP-Man body model and EGS4-VLSI Monte Carlo code: internal electron emitters	55
Subharmonic generation from ultrasonic contrast agents	55
Optimization of intensity modulated radiotherapy under constraints for static and dynamic MLC delivery	55
Experimental validation of a simple model capable of predicting the phase contrast imaging capabilities of any x-ray imaging system	55
Electron contamination from different materials in high energy photon beams	54
Aspects of laser light scattering from skin tissue with application to laser Doppler blood flow measurement	54
Changes in dielectric properties ofex vivobovine liver at 915 MHz during heating	54
Measurement of the dielectric properties of the epidermis and dermis at frequencies from 0.5 GHz to 110 GHz	54
Acoustic scattering from a contrast agent microbubble near an elastic wall of finite thickness	53
Generalized head models for MEG/EEG: boundary element method beyond nested volumes	53
Wobbled splatting—a fast perspective volume rendering method for simulation of x-ray images from CT	53
A survey of computational frameworks for solving the acoustic inverse problem in three-dimensional photoacoustic computed tomography	53
SAR variation study from 300 to 5000 MHz for 15 voxel models including different postures	53
Narrow stereotactic beam profile measurements usingN-vinylpyrrolidone based polymer gels and magnetic resonance imaging	53
Evaluation of texture parameters for the quantitative description of multimodal nonlinear optical images from atherosclerotic rabbit arteries	52

Texture analysis of speckle in optical coherence tomography images of tissue phantoms	52
Clinical comparison of head and neck and prostate IMRT plans using absorbed dose to medium and absorbed dose to water	52
How spectroscopic x-ray imaging benefits from inter-pixel communication	52
In vivomicro-CT lung imaging via a computer-controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold (IIBH) technique	52
Radiation-induced second primary cancer risks from modern external beam radiotherapy for early prostate cancer: impact of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), volumetric modulated arc therapy (V	52
Collimator scatter and 2D dosimetry in small proton beams	52
Validation of a personalized dosimetric evaluation tool (Oedipe) for targeted radiotherapy based on the Monte Carlo MCNPX code	52
Neutron production from beam-modifying devices in a modern double scattering proton therapy beam delivery system	51
Brachytherapy technology and physics practice since 1950: a half-century of progress	51
In vivo dielectric properties of human skin from 50 MHz to 2.0 GHz	51
Fluorescence molecular tomography in the presence of background fluorescence	51
Predicting standard-dose PET image from low-dose PET and multimodal MR images using mapping-based sparse representation	51
Comparative behaviour of the Dynamically Penalized Likelihood algorithm in inverse radiation therapy planning	51
Ultrasonic backscattering from human tissue: a realistic model	50
First macro Monte Carlo based commercial dose calculation module for electron beam treatment planning—new issues for clinical consideration	50
Exact quantification of time signals in Padé-based magnetic resonance spectroscopy	50
Kinetic parameter estimation from SPECT cone-beam projection measurements	50
Mechanical haemolysis in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL): II.In vitrocell lysis due to shear	50
Application of dose compensation in image-guided radiotherapy of prostate cancer	50
Generating positive contrast from off-resonant spins with steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging: theory and proof-of-principle experiments	50
Simulation study on potential accuracy gains from dual energy CT tissue segmentation for low-energy brachytherapy Monte Carlo dose calculations	50
Spatial reconstruction of coronary arteries from angiographic images	50
Automated counting of mammalian cell colonies	50
Monte Carlo calculations for absolute dosimetry to determine machine outputs for proton therapy fields	50
Multi-dimensional respiratory motion tracking from markerless optical surface imaging based on deformable mesh registration	50
Estimating cancer risk from dental cone-beam CT exposures based on skin dosimetry	49
Automated bone segmentation from large field of view 3D MR images of the hip joint	49
Absorbed dose from secondary electrons in high energy photon beams	49
Spatial localization in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy	49
Monte Carlo investigation of the low-dose envelope from scanned proton pencil beams	49
Neutrons from fragmentation of light nuclei in tissue-like media: a study with the GEANT4 toolkit	49
MR guided focused ultrasound: technical acceptance measures for a clinical system	49
Measurement of characteristic prompt gamma rays emitted from oxygen and carbon in tissue-equivalent samples during proton beam irradiation	49
Polyethylene-based water-equivalent phantom material for X-ray dosimetry at tube voltages from 10 to 100 kV	49
An RF phased array applicator designed for hyperthermia breast cancer treatments	49
The modified linear-quadratic model of Guerrero and Li can be derived from a mechanistic basis and exhibits linear-quadratic-linear behaviour	48
Accuracy of device-specific 2D and 3D image distortion correction algorithms for magnetic resonance imaging of the head provided by a manufacturer	48
Estimation of electrical conductivity distribution within the human head from magnetic flux density measurement	48
Investigation of MR image distortion for radiotherapy treatment planning of prostate cancer	48
Comparison of DVH data from multiple radiotherapy treatment planning systems	48
A theoretical investigation into the role of tumour radiosensitivity, clonogen repopulation, tumour shrinkage and radionuclide RBE in permanent brachytherapy implants of125I and103	48
Liver ablation guidance with acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: challenges and opportunities	48
Comparison of blood flow models and acquisitions for quantitative myocardial perfusion estimation from dynamic CT	47
Automatic online adaptive radiation therapy techniques for targets with significant shape change: a feasibility study	47
Tolerance levels for quality assurance of electron density values generated from CT in radiotherapy treatment planning	47
Analysis ofB1field profiles and SAR values for multi-strut transverse electromagnetic RF coils in high field MRI applications	47
Positron follow-up in liquid water: I. A new Monte Carlo track-structure code	47
The artefacts of radiochromic film dosimetry with flatbed scanners and their causation by light scattering from radiation-induced polymers	47
Feasibility of automatic marker detection with an a-Si flat-panel imager	47
Effects of geometry discretization aspects on the numerical solution of the bioheat transfer equation with the FDTD technique	46
Generalization of a model of tissue response to radiation based on the idea of functional subunits and binomial statistics†	46
Derivative-free generation and interpolation of convex Pareto optimal IMRT plans	46
Design of field-cycled magnetic resonance systems for small animal imaging	46
The impact of uncertainties in the CT conversion algorithm when predicting proton beam ranges in patients from dose and PET-activity distributions	46
The effect of increase in dielectric values on specific absorption rate (SAR) in eye and head tissues following 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz radio frequency (RF) exposure	46
An assessment of bone marrow and bone endosteum dosimetry methods for photon sources	46
Compact soft x-ray transmission microscopy with sub-50 nm spatial resolution	46
Frequency-dependent complex modulus of the uterus: preliminary results	46
The correlation between mass-averaged SAR and temperature elevation in the human head model exposed to RF near-fields from 1 to 6 GHz	45
A study on the computerized fractal analysis of architectural distortion in screening mammograms	45
Fully 4D motion-compensated reconstruction of cardiac SPECT images	45
Monte Carlo simulation of dose distributions from a synchrotron-produced microplanar beam array using the EGS4 code system4	45
Temperature of the magnetic nanoparticle microenvironment: estimation from relaxation times	45
Measurement of ion diffusion using magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography	45
Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients from monoenergetic neutrons below 20 MeV based on the VIP-Man anatomical model	45
Comparison of modelled and observedin vivotemperature elevations induced by focused ultrasound: implications for treatment planning	45
The early years of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): an anthology of selected reminiscences	45
Dose variations with varying calculation grid size in head and neck IMRT	44
Precise measurement of cerebral blood flow in newborn piglets from the bolus passage of indocyanine green	44
The IPEMB code of practice for electron dosimetry for radiotherapy beams of initial energy from 2 to 50 MeV based on an air kerma calibration	44
In vivoinvestigation of a new109Cd γ-ray induced K-XRF bone lead measurement system	44
A combination-weighted Feldkamp-based reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam CT	44
Design study of a high-resolution breast-dedicated PET system built from cadmium zinc telluride detectors	44
Dosimetric impact of a CT metal artefact suppression algorithm for proton, electron and photon therapies	44
Tilted angle CZT detector for photon counting/energy weighting x-ray and CT imaging	44
A hyperspectral fluorescence system for 3Din vivooptical imaging	44
Photothermal coagulation of blood vessels: a comparison of high-speed optical coherence tomography and numerical modelling	43
A search model and figure of merit for observer data acquired according to the free-response paradigm	43
Patient doses from fluoroscopically guided cardiac procedures in pediatrics	43
Towards patient specific thermal modelling of the prostate	43
Ion recombination correction in the Clatterbridge Centre of Oncology clinical proton beam	43
A ferrous sulphate dosemeter independent of photon energy in the range from 25 keV up to 50 MeV	43
A scattering phase function for blood with physiological haematocrit	43
Development of radiobiology for oncology—a personal view	43
Reconstruction of high-resolution 3D dose from matrix measurements: error detection capability of the COMPASS correction kernel method	42
Time-resolved cardiac interventional cone-beam CT reconstruction from fully truncated projections using the prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) algorithm	42
Comparison of the IAEA TRS-398 and AAPM TG-51 absorbed dose to water protocols in the dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams	42
A wide dynamic range, high-spatial-resolution scanning system for radiochromic dye films	42
An experimental investigation into the radiation field offset of a dynamic multileaf collimator	42
Validation of a method for measuring the volumetric breast density from digital mammograms	42
Viscoelastic characterization of soft tissue from dynamic finite element models	42
Regional hyperthermia applicator design using FDTD modelling	42
Hybrid scatter correction applied to quantitative holmium-166 SPECT	42
Studies of the cavitational effects of clinical ultrasound by sonoluminescence: 2. Thresholds for sonoluminescence from a therapeutic ultrasound beam and the effect of temperature and duty cycle	42
Three-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam data in O(N3logN) time	42
An optimization method for importance factors and beam weights based on genetic algorithms for radiotherapy treatment planning	42
Rapid dual-tracer PTSM+ATSM PET imaging of tumour blood flow and hypoxia: a simulation study	42
Wide dynamic dose range of VIPAR polymer gel dosimetry	41
Dose enhancement effects to the nucleus and mitochondria from gold nanoparticles in the cytosol	41
Rapid dual-injection single-scan13N-ammonia PET for quantification of rest and stress myocardial blood flows	41
Multi-objective radiomics model for predicting distant failure in lung SBRT	41
Diffuse photon propagation in multilayered geometries	41
Image reconstruction	40
Relationship between cavitation and loss of echogenicity from ultrasound contrast agents	40
Obtaining breathing patterns from any sequential thoracic x-ray image set	40
A fast algorithm to find optimal controls of multiantenna applicators in regional hyperthermia	40
Generation and modelling of megavoltage photon beams for contrast-enhanced radiation therapy	40
Accuracy of inhomogeneity correction in photon radiotherapy from CT scans with different settings	40
Exposure of Man to Ionizing Radiation arising from Medical Procedures	40
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Dose–volume objectives in multi-criteria optimization	40
Energy imparted to the patient in diagnostic radiology: calculation of conversion factors for determining the energy imparted from measurements of the air collision kerma integrated over beam area	40
Projection-based motion compensation for gated coronary artery reconstruction from rotational x-ray angiograms	40
HeinzelCluster: accelerated reconstruction for FORE and OSEM3D	40
	40
Simultaneous reconstruction of emission activity and attenuation coefficient distribution from TOF data, acquired with external transmission source	39
Dose and energy dependence of response of Gafchromic® XR-QA film for kilovoltage x-ray beams	39
Effects of temporal modelling on the statistical uncertainty of spatiotemporal distributions estimated directly from dynamic SPECT projections	39
A Formalism for Calculation of Absorbed Dose from Radionuclides	39
Dual-energy mammography: simulation studies	39
Fluid infusions from catheters into elastic tissue: I. Azimuthally symmetric backflow in homogeneous media	39
Evaluation of the minimum iodine concentration for contrast-enhanced subtraction mammography	39
Determination of the optical properties of semi-infinite turbid media from frequency-domain reflectance close to the source	38
Experimental investigations of the response of films to heavy-ion irradiation	38
Calculation of induced current densities for humans by magnetic fields from electronic article surveillance devices	38
Personalized estimates of radiation dose from dedicated breast CT in a diagnostic population and comparison with diagnostic mammography	38
Towards a metamaterial approach for fast timing in PET: experimental proof-of-concept	38
Analysis of factors important for transurethral ultrasound prostate heating using MR temperature feedback	38
Extracting respiratory signals from thoracic cone beam CT projections	38
The value of the LA48 linear ion chamber array for characterization of intensity-modulated beams	38
In vivomagnetic resonance spectroscopy by the fast Padé transform	38
Effects of crosslinker fraction in polymer gel dosimeters using FT Raman spectroscopy	37
Efficient schemes for robust IMRT treatment planning	37
Data-driven event-by-event respiratory motion correction using TOF PET list-mode centroid of distribution	37
Anin vitrostudy of magnetic particle targeting in small blood vessels	37
A comparison of mammography spectral measurements with spectra produced using several different mathematical models	37
Exponential convergence rate (the spectral convergence) of the fast Padé transform for exact quantification in magnetic resonance spectroscopy	37
The Physical Measurements of Electron Beams from 6 to 18 Mev: Absorbed Dose and Energy Calibration	37
Monte Carlo based treatment planning for modulated electron beam radiation therapy	36
Magnetic resonance microscopy for monitoring osteogenesis in tissue-engineered constructin vitro	36
Charged particle’s flux measurement from PMMA irradiated by 80 MeV/u carbon ion beam	36
Ultrasonic characterization of cancellous bone using apparent integrated backscatter	36
Investigation of Light Distribution from Scintillations in a Gamma Camera Crystal	36
4D maximuma posteriorireconstruction in dynamic SPECT using a compartmental model-based prior	36
Characterization of megavoltage electron beams delivered through a photon multi-leaf collimator (pMLC)	36
Time constants for temperature elevation in human models exposed to dipole antennas and beams in the frequency range from 1 to 30 GHz	36
Biological dose calculation with Monte Carlo physics simulation for heavy-ion radiotherapy	36
Angular distribution and yield from bremsstrahlung targets (for radiation therapy)	36
Melanin and blood concentration in human skin studied by multiple regression analysis: experiments	36
In vitrocharacterization of the subharmonic ultrasound signal from Definity microbubbles at high frequencies	36
The Absorption of Cobalt from the Gastro-intestinal Tract of the Rat	35
A method of simulating dynamic multileaf collimators using Monte Carlo techniques for intensity-modulated radiation therapy	35
Simultaneous MEG and EEG source analysis	35
PET energy-based scatter estimation and image reconstruction with energy-dependent corrections	35
Carotid artery wall motion analysis from B-mode ultrasound using adaptive block matching:in silicoevaluation andin vivoapplication	35
Functional imaging of tumor vasculature using iodine and gadolinium-based nanoparticle contrast agents: a comparison of spectral micro-CT using energy integrating and photon counting detectors	35
A novel EPID design for enhanced contrast and detective quantum efficiency	35
Introduction to neutron stimulated emission computed tomography	35
Fast, multiple optimizations of quadratic dose objective functions in IMRT	35
Dielectric properties of human B and T lymphocytes at frequencies from 20 kHz to 100 MHz	35
Melanin and blood concentration in a human skin model studied by multiple regression analysis: assessment by Monte Carlo simulation	35
Experimental determination of beam quality factors,kQ, for two types of Farmer chamber in a 10 MV photon and a 175 MeV proton beam	35
Investigation of patient, tumour and treatment variables affecting residual motion for respiratory-gated radiotherapy	35
Small nodule detectability evaluation using a generalized scan-statistic model	35