Physics in Medicine and Biology

Article	Citations
Large-scale screening to distinguish between COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia using infection size-aware classification	210
Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review	149
Photon-counting x-ray detectors for CT	131
Harmonization strategies for multicenter radiomics investigations	104
Advanced Monte Carlo simulations of emission tomography imaging systems with GATE	100
Another decade of photoacoustic imaging	89
Roadmap: proton therapy physics and biology	83
Physics and technology of time-of-flight PET detectors	81
Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review	75
Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy based on a high frame-rate clinical ultrasound scanner: an in-human feasibility study	73
Interpretation and visualization techniques for deep learning models in medical imaging	72
Severity assessment of COVID-19 using CT image features and laboratory indices	67
Full field-of-view, high-resolution, photon-counting detector CT: technical assessment and initial patient experience	66
Adaptive proton therapy	55
CTformer: convolution-free Token2Token dilated vision transformer for low-dose CT denoising	54
4D deep image prior: dynamic PET image denoising using an unsupervised four-dimensional branch convolutional neural network	53
Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner—an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators	53
Evaluation of CBCT scatter correction using deep convolutional neural networks for head and neck adaptive proton therapy	52
Human exposure to radiofrequency energy above 6 GHz: review of computational dosimetry studies	51
Small animal PET: a review of what we have done and where we are going	51
Multi-level multi-modality (PET and CT) fusion radiomics: prognostic modeling for non-small cell lung carcinoma	49
Measurement and image-based estimation of dielectric properties of biological tissues —past, present, and future—	47
A physics-guided modular deep-learning based automated framework for tumor segmentation in PET	45
Anatomy-aided deep learning for medical image segmentation: a review	43
Roadmap: helium ion therapy	42

Characterization of a preclinical PET insert in a 7 tesla MRI scanner: beyond NEMA testing	42
The impact of training sample size on deep learning-based organ auto-segmentation for head-and-neck patients	42
Deep learning for improving the spatial resolution of magnetic particle imaging	39
Modeling the effect of oxygen on the chemical stage of water radiolysis using GPU-based microscopic Monte Carlo simulations, with an application in FLASH radiotherapy	39
Design and performance of SIAT aPET: a uniform high-resolution small animal PET scanner using dual-ended readout detectors	39
Al2O3:C optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) for ultra-high dose rate proton dosimetry	38
Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap	38
2D medical image synthesis using transformer-based denoising diffusion probabilistic model	38
OpenFL: the open federated learning library	37
A vision transformer for emphysema classification using CT images	36
Automatic detection and segmentation of multiple brain metastases on magnetic resonance image using asymmetric UNet architecture	36
Vacuum ultraviolet silicon photomultipliers applied to BaF2 cross-luminescence detection for high-rate ultrafast timing applications	36
Reference dosimetry in MRI-linacs: evaluation of available protocols and data to establish a Code of Practice	35
Self-channel-and-spatial-attention neural network for automated multi-organ segmentation on head and neck CT images	35
Comparison of weekly and daily online adaptation for head and neck intensity-modulated proton therapy	35
Elastography imaging: the 30 year perspective	35
FBP-Net for direct reconstruction of dynamic PET images	34
Motion estimation and correction in SPECT, PET and CT	34
A review of advances in imaging methodology in fluorescence molecular tomography	33
Attenuation correction for human PET/MRI studies	33
Assessment of absorbed power density and temperature rise for nonplanar body model under electromagnetic exposure above 6 GHz	33
Head-and-neck organs-at-risk auto-delineation using dual pyramid networks for CBCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy	33
Characterization of noise and background signals in a magnetic particle imaging system	32
Advances in heterostructured scintillators: toward a new generation of detectors for TOF-PET	32
A dual-domain deep learning-based reconstruction method for fully 3D sparse data helical CT	32
Prediction of the Ki-67 marker index in hepatocellular carcinoma based on CT radiomics features	31
Development of a new microdosimetric biological weighting function for the RBE10 assessment in case of the V79 cell line exposed to ions from 1H to 238U	31
Microdosimetry of a therapeutic proton beam with a mini-TEPC and a MicroPlus-Bridge detector for RBE assessment	31
Diffusion MRI tractography for neurosurgery: the basics, current state, technical reliability and challenges	31
The OpenGATE ecosystem for Monte Carlo simulation in medical physics	30
Low-dose spectral CT reconstruction based on image-gradient L0-norm and adaptive spectral PICCS	30
Intensity non-uniformity correction in MR imaging using residual cycle generative adversarial network	30
Pancreas segmentation with probabilistic map guided bi-directional recurrent UNet	29
3D Compton image reconstruction method for whole gamma imaging	29
Review on biophysical modelling and simulation studies for transcranial magnetic stimulation	29
A comparison of methods for fully automatic segmentation of tumors and involved nodes in PET/CT of head and neck cancers	28
Towards a safe and efficient clinical implementation of machine learning in radiation oncology by exploring model interpretability, explainability and data-model dependency	28
DAN-Net: Dual-domain adaptive-scaling non-local network for CT metal artifact reduction	28
Deep learning-based medical image segmentation with limited labels	28
Assessing cardiac stiffness using ultrasound shear wave elastography	28
Deep learning-based real-time volumetric imaging for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy: a proof of concept study	27
Synthetic CT generation from CBCT images via unsupervised deep learning	27
Noise2Void: unsupervised denoising of PET images	27
A comparison of Monte Carlo dropout and bootstrap aggregation on the performance and uncertainty estimation in radiation therapy dose prediction with deep learning neural networks	27
Multi-task autoencoder based classification-regression model for patient-specific VMAT QA	27
Towards label-efficient automatic diagnosis and analysis: a comprehensive survey of advanced deep learning-based weakly-supervised, semi-supervised and self-supervised techniques in histopathological	27
Considerations for shoot-through FLASH proton therapy	27
Determining the parameter space for effective oxygen depletion for FLASH radiation therapy	26
Comparison of the suitability of CBCT- and MR-based synthetic CTs for daily adaptive proton therapy in head and neck patients	26
Scalable electronic readout design for a 100 ps coincidence time resolution TOF-PET system	26

Recent advances in psychoradiology	25
HEDOS—a computational tool to assess radiation dose to circulating blood cells during external beam radiotherapy based on whole-body blood flow simulations	25
SDDRO-joint: simultaneous dose and dose rate optimization with the joint use of transmission beams and Bragg peaks for FLASH proton therapy	25
Dual-energy CT imaging with limited-angular-range data	25
Prediction of breast cancer molecular subtypes using DCE-MRI based on CNNs combined with ensemble learning	25
A neural network-based algorithm for simultaneous event positioning and timestamping in monolithic scintillators	25
Automatic segmentation of brain metastases using T1 magnetic resonance and computed tomography images	25
Design of a head coil for high resolution mouse brain perfusion imaging using magnetic particle imaging	25
Computer-aided diagnosis of ground glass pulmonary nodule by fusing deep learning and radiomics features	24
A roadmap for sole Cherenkov radiators with SiPMs in TOF-PET	24
Quantitative accuracy in total-body imaging using the uEXPLORER PET/CT scanner	24
Data-driven dose calculation algorithm based on deep U-Net	24
Dual-energy CT based mass density and relative stopping power estimation for proton therapy using physics-informed deep learning	24
A review of simulation codes and approaches for radiation chemistry	24
Proton therapy monitoring: spatiotemporal emission reconstruction with prompt gamma timing and implementation with PET detectors	24
Unsupervised contrastive learning based transformer for lung nodule detection	24
Comparison of deep learning synthesis of synthetic CTs using clinical MRI inputs	24
Effect of dataset size, image quality, and image type on deep learning-based automatic prostate segmentation in 3D ultrasound	24
DeepMC: a deep learning method for efficient Monte Carlo beamlet dose calculation by predictive denoising in magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy	23
Dark-field signal extraction in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging	23
A heterogenous, time harmonic, nearly incompressible transverse isotropic finite element brain simulation platform for MR elastography	23
Synthetic dual-energy CT for MRI-only based proton therapy treatment planning using label-GAN	23
Metal artifact reduction in 2D CT images with self-supervised cross-domain learning	22
Response of diamond detectors in ultra-high dose-per-pulse electron beams for dosimetry at FLASH radiotherapy	22
Low-dose PET image noise reduction using deep learning: application to cardiac viability FDG imaging in patients with ischemic heart disease	22
First experimental exploration of real-time cardiorespiratory motion management for future stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation treatments on the MR-linac	22
Proof-of-concept delivery of intensity modulated arc therapy on the Elekta Unity 1.5 T MR-linac	22
Iterative material decomposition for spectral CT using self-supervised Noise2Noise prior	22
An unsupervised deep learning method for multi-coil cine MRI	22
UNet retinal blood vessel segmentation algorithm based on improved pyramid pooling method and attention mechanism	22
Artificial neural networks for positioning of gamma interactions in monolithic PET detectors	21
Fast robust optimization of proton PBS arc therapy plans using early energy layer selection and spot assignment	21
GroupRegNet: a groupwise one-shot deep learning-based 4D image registration method	21
Robust treatment planning with 4D intensity modulated carbon ion therapy for multiple targets in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer	21
Fast super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging using spatiotemporal data with deep fully convolutional neural network	21
DeepDose: a robust deep learning-based dose engine for abdominal tumours in a 1.5 T MRI radiotherapy system	21
Evaluation of conventional and deep learning based image harmonization methods in radiomics studies	21
High-resolution monolithic LYSO detector with 6-layer depth-of-interaction for clinical PET	21
Deep learning fetal ultrasound video model match human observers in biometric measurements	21
Comparison of 11 automated PET segmentation methods in lymphoma	21
A hierarchical deep reinforcement learning framework for intelligent automatic treatment planning of prostate cancer intensity modulated radiation therapy	20
Assessing the advantages of CFR-PEEK over titanium spinal stabilization implants in proton therapy—a phantom study	20
A GPU-accelerated fully 3D OSEM image reconstruction for a high-resolution small animal PET scanner using dual-ended readout detectors	20
Verification of KURBUC-based ion track structure mode for proton and carbon ions in the PHITS code	20
Proton RBE models: commonalities and differences	20
Active contour regularized semi-supervised learning for COVID-19 CT infection segmentation with limited annotations	20
Millisecond speed deep learning based proton dose calculation with Monte Carlo accuracy	20
Male pelvic multi-organ segmentation using token-based transformer Vnet	20
Towards automated ultrasound imaging—robotic image acquisition in liver and prostate for long-term motion monitoring	20
Experimental validation of daily adaptive proton therapy	20
Offline and online LSTM networks for respiratory motion prediction in MR-guided radiotherapy	20
Towards real-time 4D radiation dosimetry on an MRI-Linac	20
Simultaneous imaging of widely differing particle concentrations in MPI: problem statement and algorithmic proposal for improvement	20
The Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model of clonogenic survival: formalism and first benchmark against in vitro and in silico data	20
Performance comparison of dual-ended readout depth-encoding PET detectors based on BGO and LYSO crystals	20
Source-detector trajectory optimization in cone-beam computed tomography: a comprehensive review on today’s state-of-the-art	20
Acousto-elasticity of transversely isotropic incompressible soft tissues: characterization of skeletal striated muscle	19
A study of scalar optically-pumped magnetometers for use in magnetoencephalography without shielding	19
TOPAS-nBio validation for simulating water radiolysis and DNA damage under low-LET irradiation	19
Measuring anisotropy of elastic wave velocity with ultrasound imaging and an autofocus method: application to cortical bone	19
Monte Carlo implementation of new algorithms for the evaluation of averaged-dose and -track linear energy transfers in 62 MeV clinical proton beams	19
Effect of microdistribution of alpha and beta-emitters in targeted radionuclide therapies on delivered absorbed dose in a GATE model of bone marrow	19
Lead-free MCP to improve coincidence time resolution and reduce MCP direct interactions	19
Development of crosshair light sharing PET detector with TOF and DOI capabilities using fast LGSO scintillator	19
An unsupervised 2D–3D deformable registration network (2D3D-RegNet) for cone-beam CT estimation	18
Automated detection of skeletal metastasis of lung cancer with bone scans using convolutional nuclear network	18
Effects of frequency on bubble-cloud behavior and ablation efficiency in intrinsic threshold histotripsy	18
Dedicated convolutional neural network for noise reduction in ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector computed tomography	18
Populational and individual information based PET image denoising using conditional unsupervised learning	18
Ultra-fast prompt gamma detection in single proton counting regime for range monitoring in particle therapy	18
Advances in modelling gold nanoparticle radiosensitization using new Geant4-DNA physics models	18
Performance evaluation of VRAIN: a brain-dedicated PET with a hemispherical detector arrangement	18
MD-NDNet: a multi-dimensional convolutional neural network for false-positive reduction in pulmonary nodule detection	18
Technical feasibility of magnetic resonance fingerprinting on a 1.5T MRI-linac	18
Deep multimodal learning for lymph node metastasis prediction of primary thyroid cancer	18
Magnetic separation of iron oxide nanoparticles to improve their application for magnetic particle imaging	18
DOI estimation through signal arrival time distribution: a theoretical description including proof of concept measurements	18
CoT-XNet: contextual transformer with Xception network for diabetic retinopathy grading	18
Characterizing blood clots using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography	18
H-SegNet: hybrid segmentation network for lung segmentation in chest radiographs using mask region-based convolutional neural network and adaptive closed polyline searching method	18

Microwave thermoacoustic tomographic (MTT) imaging	17
Deformable motion compensation for interventional cone-beam CT	17
PET image reconstruction with deep progressive learning	17
A time-of-flight-based reconstruction for real-time prompt-gamma imaging in proton therapy	17
RegQCNET: Deep quality control for image-to-template brain MRI affine registration	17
Normalization of multicenter CT radiomics by a generative adversarial network method	17
High-resolution time-of-flight PET detector with 100 ps coincidence time resolution using a side-coupled phoswich configuration	17
Iterative metal artifact reduction on a clinical photon counting system—technical possibilities and reconstruction selection for optimal results dependent on the metal scenario	17
Individual pulse monitoring and dose control system for pre-clinical implementation of FLASH-RT	17
3D printing methods for radiological anthropomorphic phantoms	17
Enhancing digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for lung radiotherapy guidance using patient-specific deep learning model	17
Computational modelling of modern cancer immunotherapy	17
An unsupervised learning approach to ultrasound strain elastography with spatio-temporal consistency	17
A digital phoswich detector using time-over-threshold for depth of interaction in PET	16
Thermoplastic 3D printing technology using a single filament for producing realistic patient-derived breast models	16
A feature invariant generative adversarial network for head and neck MRI/CT image synthesis	16
Effect of skin conductivity on the electric field induced by transcranial stimulation techniques in different head models	16
Fat and fibrosis as confounding cofactors in viscoelastic measurements of the liver	16
Ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) x-ray irradiator for pre-clinical laboratory research	16
Iterative time-reversal for multi-frequency hyperthermia	16
Generative adversarial network-based sinogram super-resolution for computed tomography imaging	16
EFNet: evidence fusion network for tumor segmentation from PET-CT volumes	16
Real-time liver tumor localization via a single x-ray projection using deep graph neural network-assisted biomechanical modeling	16
Improving mammography lesion classification by optimal fusion of handcrafted and deep transfer learning features	16
Predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with oropharyngeal cancer by using a convolutional neural network with associated epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty	16
Comparative study of the methodologies used for subjective medical image quality assessment	16
Generative models improve radiomics reproducibility in low dose CTs: a simulation study	16
Porcine lung phantom-based validation of estimated 4D-MRI using orthogonal cine imaging for low-field MR-Linacs	16
Spatial descriptions of radiotherapy dose: normal tissue complication models and statistical associations	16
Minimum-monitor-unit optimization via a stochastic coordinate descent method	16
Position estimation using neural networks in semi-monolithic PET detectors	16
Patient’s body composition can significantly affect RF power deposition in the tissue around DBS implants: ramifications for lead management strategies and MRI field-shaping techniques	16
Deep learning-based image reconstruction for TOF PET with DIRECT data partitioning format	16
Deep learning-based inverse mapping for fluence map prediction	16
Gradient coil and radiofrequency induced heating of orthopaedic implants in MRI: influencing factors	16
Animal tissue-based quantitative comparison of dual-energy CT to SPR conversion methods using high-resolution gel dosimetry	16
Integrating intratumoral and peritumoral features to predict tumor recurrence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	16
Anisotropic diffusion of Fe ions in Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127 and Fricke-XO-gelatine 3D radiotherapy dosimeters	16
Imaging and dosimetric characteristics of 67 Cu	16
Subregional radiomics analysis for the detection of the EGFR mutation on thoracic spinal metastases from lung cancer	16
Out-of-field doses for scanning proton radiotherapy of shallowly located paediatric tumours—a comparison of range shifter and 3D printed compensator	16
A Bayesian approach to tissue-fraction estimation for oncological PET segmentation	15
Theoretical aspects on the use of single-time-point dosimetry for radionuclide therapy	15
Modeling of cellular response after FLASH irradiation: a quantitative analysis based on the radiolytic oxygen depletion hypothesis	15
Synthesis of pseudo-CT images from pelvic MRI images based on an MD-CycleGAN model for radiotherapy	15
Performance evaluation of the PennPET explorer with expanded axial coverage	15
A comparative study of trabecular bone micro-structural measurements using different CT modalities	15
U-net architecture with embedded Inception-ResNet-v2 image encoding modules for automatic segmentation of organs-at-risk in head and neck cancer radiation therapy based on computed tomography scans	15
Inter-crystal scattering recovery of light-sharing PET detectors using convolutional neural networks	15
A dynamic blood flow model to compute absorbed dose to circulating blood and lymphocytes in liver external beam radiotherapy	15
Deep learning-based synthetic dose-weighted LET map generation for intensity modulated proton therapy	15
Noninvasive estimation of local speed of sound by pulse-echo ultrasound in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver	15
H2RSPET: a 0.5 mm resolution high-sensitivity small-animal PET scanner, a simulation study	15
A novel proton counting detector and method for the validation of tissue and implant material maps for Monte Carlo dose calculation	15
Training low dose CT denoising network without high quality reference data	15
Validation of a deep learning-based material estimation model for Monte Carlo dose calculation in proton therapy	15
Rapid rotational magneto-acousto-electrical tomography with filtered back-projection algorithm based on plane waves	15
Low power implementation of high frequency SiPM readout for Cherenkov and scintillation detectors in TOF-PET	15
Impact of image pre-processing methods on computed tomography radiomics features in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	15
Deep learning method for reducing metal artifacts in dental cone-beam CT using supplementary information from intra-oral scan	15
Relative stopping power measurements and prosthesis artifacts reduction in proton CT	15
Unbiased TOF estimation using leading-edge discriminator and convolutional neural network trained by single-source-position waveforms	15
Physical characterization of 3He ion beams for radiotherapy and comparison with 4He	15
Three-dimensional visualization and improved quantification with super-resolution ultrasound imaging - validation framework for analysis of microvascular morphology using a chicken embryo model	14
A personalized deep learning denoising strategy for low-count PET images	14
Joint synthesis and registration network for deformable MR-CBCT image registration for neurosurgical guidance	14
Deep residual-convolutional neural networks for event positioning in a monolithic annular PET scanner	14
Validation of a 4D-MRI guided liver stereotactic body radiation therapy strategy for implementation on the MR-linac	14
Monte Carlo calculation of beam quality correction factors in proton beams using FLUKA	14
Machine learning-based detection of aberrant deep learning segmentations of target and organs at risk for prostate radiotherapy using a secondary segmentation algorithm	14
Multimodal guided wave inversion for arterial stiffness: methodology and validation in phantoms	14
Visualization, registration and tracking techniques for augmented reality guided surgery: a review	14
Feasibility of automatic detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤2 cm) in cirrhotic liver based on pattern matching and deep learning	14
End-to-end validation of the geometric dose delivery performance of MR linac adaptive radiotherapy	14
Segmentation and classification of thyroid follicular neoplasm using cascaded convolutional neural network	14
Characterization of magnetic interference and image artefacts during simultaneous in-beam MR imaging and proton pencil beam scanning	14
Integrated thermoacoustic and ultrasound imaging based on the combination of a hollow concave transducer array and a linear transducer array	14
Modeling complex particles phase space with GAN for Monte Carlo SPECT simulations: a proof of concept	14
Pulse-echo speed-of-sound imaging using convex probes	14
Second-order multi-instance learning model for whole slide image classification	14
Proton FLASH: passive scattering or pencil beam scanning?	14
DeepUCT: Complex cascaded deep learning network for improved ultrasound tomography	14
Prospectively-validated deep learning model for segmenting swallowing and chewing structures in CT	14
A review on AI-based medical image computing in head and neck surgery	14
Inclusion of quasi-vertex views in a brain-dedicated multi-pinhole SPECT system for improved imaging performance	14
Deep learning aided oropharyngeal cancer segmentation with adaptive thresholding for predicted tumor probability in FDG PET and CT images	14
MRI super-resolution via realistic downsampling with adversarial learning	14
An approach for estimating dosimetric uncertainties in deformable dose accumulation in pencil beam scanning proton therapy for lung cancer	13
Performance evaluation of a staggered three-layer DOI PET detector using a 1 mm LYSO pitch with PETsys TOFPET2 ASIC: comparison of HAMAMATSU and KETEK SiPMs	13
Physical performance of adaptive axial FOV PET scanners with a sparse detector block rings or a checkerboard configuration	13
Microdosimetric characterization of a clinical proton therapy beam: comparison between simulated lineal energy distributions in spherical water targets and experimental measurements with a silicon det	13
Development of robustness evaluation strategies for enabling statistically consistent reporting	13
CT radiomic features of photodynamic priming in clinical pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment	13
Generalized deep iterative reconstruction for sparse-view CT imaging	13
4D radiomics: impact of 4D-CBCT image quality on radiomic analysis	13