Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
Corrigendum	47
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	37
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	30
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	29
Generation Mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence Events in the Upper-Level Outflow of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis	24
Masthead	23
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	22
Integrated Hybrid Data Assimilation for an Ensemble Kalman Filter	22
Impact of Assimilating Thermodynamic and Kinematic Profiles on a Convection Initiation Forecast	21
Innovation-Based Methods for Online Estimates of Observation Error Variances within Ensemble Data Assimilation Cycles	18
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	18
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	16
Impacts of the Lagrangian Data Assimilation of Surface Drifters on Estimating Ocean Circulation during the Gulf of Mexico Grand Lagrangian Deployment	16
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	15
Journal Information and Table of Contents	15
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System	15
Characterizing the Local Variations of the Northern Australian Rainy Season	15
Analysis of Integrated Vapor Transport Biases	14
Masthead	14
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	14
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	14
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	14
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards	13
CW3E’s West-WRF 200-Member Ensemble	13
Understanding Nocturnally Driven Extreme Precipitation Events over Lake Victoria in a Convection-Permitting Model	13

On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	13
Impact of Implementing All-Sky Radiance Assimilation for FY-3E MWHS-2 in the CMA-GFS	12
Environmental Influences on the Elevated Nature of a Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective System	12
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	12
Nonlinear Ensemble Filtering with Diffusion Models: Application to the Surface Quasigeostrophic Dynamics	11
Process-Based Evaluation of Stochastic Perturbed Microphysics Parameterization Tendencies on Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Rainfall Events	11
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	11
Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	11
Multiscale Aspects of the 26–27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak. Part I: Outbreak Chronology and Environmental Evolution	11
An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak	10
Impact of Data Resolution on Tracking Southern Ocean Cyclones	10
Stable Numerical Implementation of a Turbulence Scheme with Two Prognostic Turbulence Energies	10
Modeling the Convective Boundary Layer in the Terra Incognita: Evaluation of Different Strategies with Real-Case Simulations	10
A Big Chill: Examining an Extremely Sharp Cold Front from Three Perspectives	10
Observed Subdaily Variations in Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes under Different Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Stability Conditions in the Gulf Stream	10
The Impact of Constrained Data Assimilation on the Forecasts of Three Convection Systems during the ARM MC3E Field Campaign	10
Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages	10
Journal Information and Table of Contents	9
Surface Cold Pool Observations near Tornadic and Nontornadic QLCS Mesovortices during PERiLS	9
Relating the Effects of Heterogeneous Terrain on Boundary Layer Flow to the Evolution of Preconvection Environments Using Remote Profiler Datasets from PERiLS	9
A Global–Regional-Unified Atmospheric Dynamical Core on the Yin–Yang Grid	9
Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front	9
A New Method for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions Using Quantile Mapping in the Frequency Domain	9
Lake Huron Enhances Snowfall Downwind of Lake Erie: A Modeling Study of the 2010 New Year’s Lake Effect Snowfall Event	9
Two Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns are Associated with Short-Duration Dry Spells in the Northeastern United States	9
Mechanism of MJO-Modulated Triggering on the Rainy Season Onset over the Indian Subcontinent	9
Identifying, Tracking, and Evaluating Mechanisms of North American Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) Using a Feature Tracking Approach	9
How Skillful Are the European Subseasonal Predictions of Wind Speed and Surface Temperature?	8
To Which Degree Do the Details of Stochastic Perturbation Schemes Matter for Convective-Scale and Mesoscale Perturbation Growth?	8
A Multiresolution Ensemble Hybrid 4DEnVar with Variable Ensemble Sizes to Improve Global and Tropical Cyclone Track Numerical Prediction	8
Improving the Representation of Moisture and Convective Instability in Baroclinic-Wave Channel Simulations	8
Effects of Horizontal Resolution, Domain Size, Boundary Conditions, and Surface Heterogeneity on Coarse LES of a Convective Boundary Layer	8
Examining Terrain Effects on the Evolution of Precipitation and Vorticity of Typhoon Fanapi (2010) after Departing the Central Mountain Range on Taiwan	8
Tornadogenesis in a Quasi-Linear Convective System over Kanto Plain in Japan: A Numerical Case Study	8
Instabilities in the Shallow-Water System with a Semi-Lagrangian, Time-Centered Discretization	8
An FSO-based Optimization Framework for Improved Observation Performance: Theoretical Formulation and Experiments with NAVDAS-AR/NAVGEM	8
Masthead	8
Impact of Subtropical ISO Propagation Routes on Summertime Submonthly Wave Patterns and Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific	8
Journal Information and Table of Contents	8
Diagnosing Flavors of Tropospheric Rossby Wave Breaking and Their Associated Dynamical and Sensible Weather Features	7
Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data Using Measurement-Based Observation Error Specification: Preliminary Results	7
Types of Severe Convective Wind Events in Eastern Australia	7
Multiscale Interactions Contributing to Enhanced Orographic Precipitation in Landfalling Frontal Systems over the Olympic Peninsula	7
How to Be a More Effective Reviewer	7
Overlapping Windows in a Global Hourly Data Assimilation System	7
Analysis of Snow Multibands and Their Environments with High-Resolution Idealized Simulations	7
Lightning and Radar Measures of Mixed-Phase Updraft Variability in Tracked Storms during the TRACER Field Campaign in Houston, Texas	7
The Impact of Large-Scale Environments and a Southwest Vortex on Heavy Rainfall in Southern Taiwan in Late May 2020	7
Masthead	7
Masthead	7

Masthead	7
Environmental and Storm-Scale Controls on Close Proximity Supercells Observed by TORUS on 8 June 2019	7
Improving Forecasts of the “21⋅7” Henan Extreme Rainfall Event Using a Radar Assimilation Scheme that Considers Hydrometeor Background Error Covariance	7
Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Forecasts of the Risk of Rainfall in Southeast Asia Dependent on Equatorial Waves	7
Model Predictability of Hail Precipitation with a Moderate Hailstorm Case. Part I: Impact of Improved Initial Conditions by Assimilating High-Density Observations	7
Masthead	7
Examining the Impact of Assimilating Surface, PBL, and Free Atmosphere Observations from TORUS on Analyses and Forecasts of Two Supercells on 8 June 2019	7
Top-Down Phenomenon Observed in the Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020): Insights from the Comparative Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics with a Typical Precipitation Event in North	7
An Investigation of a Northeast U.S. Cyclone Event without Well-Defined Snow Banding during IMPACTS	7
A Novel Latent Space Data Assimilation Framework with Autoencoder-Observation to Latent Space (AE-O2L) Network. Part I: The Observation-Only Analysis Method	7
The Presidents’ Day Snowstorm of 18–19 February 1979: Its History and Significance at Monthly Weather Review	7
Improving Probabilistic Forecasts of Extreme Wind Speeds by Training Statistical Postprocessing Models with Weighted Scoring Rules	7
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset	6
Observation Impact and Information Retention in the Lower Troposphere of the GMAO GEOS Data Assimilation System	6
Turbulent Fluxes and Surface Meteorology during the Landfall of Four Typhoons in the South China Sea	6
Tropical Transition of Tropical Storm Kirogi (2012) over the Western North Pacific: Synoptic Analysis and Mesoscale Simulation	6
Insights on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Downslope Winds in Coastal Santa Barbara: A Case Study from the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX)	6
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part II: The Topographic Effect and the Secondary Eyewall Formation	6
Including Cross Correlation between Forecast and Observation Errors in an Ensemble Kalman Filter	6
Simulation of Heavy Precipitation and the Production of Graupel Related to the Passage of a Cold Front over the Australian Snowy Mountains	6
Masthead	6
What Controlled the Low-Level Moisture Transport during the Extreme Precipitation in Henan Province of China in July 2021?	6
Assimilation of AMSU-A in All-Sky Conditions	6
Why Was the Weakening of Typhoon In-fa (2021) to the East of Taiwan Island Not Forecasted in the GFS?	6
Orographic Controls on Extreme Precipitation Associated with a Mei-Yu Front	6
Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar	6
Structures of Low-Level Wind and Convection in the Pregenesis Environment of Western Caribbean Tropical Cyclones	6
Lake Victoria Thunderstorms: Radar-Observed Initiation and Storm Evolution Modes	6
Observed Relationships between Supercell Mesocyclone Intensity and Evolution, Background Environmental Characteristics, and Cell Mergers	6
Model Uncertainty Representation in a Convection-Permitting Ensemble—SPP and SPPT in HarmonEPS	6
Quantifying the Impact of Vertical Resolution on the Representation of Marine Boundary Layer Physics for Global-Scale Models	6
Assessing the Sensitivity of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to the Parameterization of Momentum Flux in the Community Earth System Model	6
High-Order Tensor-Train Finite-Volume Methods for Shallow-Water Equations	6
Adaptive Correlation- and Distance-Based Localization for Iterative Ensemble Smoothers in a Coupled Nonlinear Multiscale Model	6
Development and Case Study Evaluation of Filtered Ensemble-Based Tangent Linear Model for the Operational EnVar Data Assimilation System	6
Modeling Variability in Tropical Cyclone Maximum Wind Location and Intensity Using InCyc: A Global Database of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Simulations	6
An Ensemble Forecasting Method for Dealing with the Combined Effects of the Initial and Model Errors and a Potential Deep Learning Implementation	6
How to Derive Skill from the Fractions Skill Score	5
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	5
A Climatology of Cool-Season Precipitation Objects in the Comma Head of an Extratropical Cyclone	5
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	5
The Effect of Ensemble Size on the Mean Squared Error and Spread–Error Relationship	5
Excessive Downward Shortwave Radiation in the HRRR and RAP Weather Models and Testing Strategies for Improvements	5
Toward an Adaptive Artificial Neural Network–Based Postprocessor	5
Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	5
Improving National Blend of Models Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using Long Time Series of Reforecasts and Precipitation Reanalyses. Part II: Results	5
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	5
Reply to “Comment on ‘Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation’”	5
Influences of Large-Scale and Mesoscale Circulation Patterns on Precipitation during Rainy Seasons in South China	5
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	5
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	5
Evaluation of NASA/NESDIS Stereo Winds in the Navy Global Forecast System	5
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	5
Effects of Atmosphere and Ocean Horizontal Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone and Upper-Ocean Response Forecasts in Four Major Hurricanes	5
Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea	5
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	5
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	5
Regime-Dependent Turbulence Length-Scale Formulation for NWP Models Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy, Shear, and Stratification	5
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	5
The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	5
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	5
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	5
Masthead	5
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	5
Modeling Near-Surface Turbulence in Large-Eddy Simulations of a Tornado: An Application of Thin Boundary Layer Equations	5
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	5
Impacts of Extratropical Transition on Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes	5
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022	5
A Quantile-Conserving Ensemble Filter Framework. Part I: Updating an Observed Variable	4
Spatial Variation in the Synoptic Structure of Convective Systems over the Great Plains	4
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	4
Spurious Pressure Waves in Compressible Large-Eddy Simulations of Shallow Cumulus Clouds	4
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence	4
Planetary-Scale Dynamics of Extreme Precipitation Regimes: Precursors and Contributors to Intensity and Longevity	4
A Climatology of Cell Mergers with Supercells and Their Association with Mesocyclone Evolution	4
Different Initial Condition Perturbation Methods for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasting over South China during the Rainy Season	4
Neighborhood-Based Ensemble Evaluation Using the CRPS	4
Addressing Challenges Associated with Training Sample Sizes for Effective Calibration of NWP Precipitation Forecasts	4
On the Consistency between the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita Scales and Implications for the U.S. Tornado Climatology	4
Assessment of the Dynamical Linkages and Flow Evolution Governing Multiple Extreme Weather Events over Western North America in February 2019	4

A New Hybrid Sigma-Pressure Vertical Coordinate with Smoothed Coordinate Surfaces	4
Impacts of Assimilating Future Clear-Air Radial Velocity Observations from Phased Array Radar on Convection Initiation Forecasts: An Observing System Simulation Experiment Study	4
Network Structure of Atmospheric Perturbations	4
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019	4
Masthead	4
Turbulent Characteristics in the Eye and Eyewall of Hurricane Ian (2022)	4
TRACER Perspectives on Gulf-Breeze and Bay-Breeze Circulations and Coastal Convection	4
Masthead	4
Diagnostics for Imbalance on the Convective Scale	4
An Objective Weather Regime Classification for Aotearoa New Zealand Using a Two-Tiered K-Means Clustering Approach	4
Features and Processes Influencing the Evolution and Forecast Skill of Strong Low-Skill Arctic Cyclones	4
Meteorological Analysis of the Pacific Northwest June 2021 Heatwave	4
Relation between Baroclinity, Horizontal Vorticity, and Mesocyclone Evolution in the 6–7 April 2018 Monroe, Louisiana, Tornadic Supercell during VORTEX-SE	4
Simulated Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	4
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave	4
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations	4
Improved Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization Accounting for the Nonhydrostatic Effect in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Tests for Short-Range Forecast of Northeast China Cold Vo	4
An Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System for Hazardous Weather Events	4
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble	4
Masthead	4
A Comparison of Arctic and Atlantic Basin Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecast Uncertainty	4
Quantifying the Relationship between Embedded Rotation and Extreme Rainfall Rates in Observations of Tropical Storm Imelda (2019)	4
Improvement of Albedo and Snow-Cover Simulation during Snow Events over the Tibetan Plateau	4
Improving Short-Term, Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts by Integrating Weather Pattern Information into Model Output Statistics	4
Evaluation of Turbulence and Dispersion in Multiscale Atmospheric Simulations over Complex Urban Terrain during the Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign	4