Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
The Sensitivity of Downstream Ridge Building Forecasts to Upstream Warm Conveyor Belt Forecast Uncertainty Using MPAS	37
An Updated Investigation of Post-Transformation Intensity, Structural, and Duration Extremes for Extratropically Transitioning North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	34
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	26
Three-Dimensional Fujiwhara Effect for Binary Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific	25
Improvements of Lagrangian Data Assimilation Tested in the Gulf of Mexico	25
Soil Moisture Influences on Summer Arctic Cyclones and Their Associated Poleward Moisture Transport	25
Comments on “A Climatology of Cell Mergers with Supercells and Their Association with Mesocyclone Evolution” and “The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27	24
General Features of MCSs with the Organization of Multiple Parallel Rainbands in China	22
Stability Properties of the Constant Coefficients Semi-Implicit Time Schemes Solving Nonfiltering Approximation of the Fully Compressible Equations	21
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	19
Going with the Trend: Forecasting Seasonal Climate Conditions under Climate Change	19
Simulation of a Mesoscale Convective System Using a New Formulation for Advection in a Bin Microphysics: Sensitivity to Advection, Microphysics, and Grid Spacing	19
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	19
Energetics of Interactions between African Easterly Waves and Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves	18
Reply to “Comment on ‘Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation’”	18
The Implication of Outflow Structure for the Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones under Vertical Wind Shear	17
Using Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Storm Characteristics Associated with Tornadogenesis in High-Resolution Simulated Supercells	16
Effect of Scale-Aware Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structural Changes in the Gray Zone	15
The Role of Analysis Error in the Convergence of Reanalysis Production Streams in MERRA-2	15
Accounting for skew when post-processing MOGREPS-UK temperature forecast fields	14
Masthead	14
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System	14
A New K–ε Turbulence Parameterization for Mesoscale Meteorological Models	13
Masthead	13
Generation Mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence Events in the Upper-Level Outflow of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis	13

Developing 4D-Var for Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Quasigeostrophic Model	12
A hybrid analog-ensemble, convolutional-neural-network method for post-processing precipitation forecasts	12
Composite Life Cycle of West Pacific Jet-Superposition Events and the Large-Scale Environmental Response over Western North America	12
Examination of the Combined Effect of Deep-Layer Vertical Shear Direction and Lower-Tropospheric Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis	12
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part I: Implementation and Parameter Sensitivity	11
Masthead	11
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	11
Corrigendum	11
The Sensitivity of Supercell Cold Pools to the Lifting Condensation Level and the Predicted Particle Properties Microphysics Scheme	10
Investigating the Development and Characteristics of Streamwise Vorticity Currents Produced by Outflow Surges in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms	10
The Impact of Assimilating GPS Precipitable Water Vapor in Convective-Permitting WRF-ARW on North American Monsoon Precipitation Forecasts over Northwest Mexico	10
How interactions between tropical depressions and western disturbances affect heavy precipitation in South Asia	10
Toward All-Sky Assimilation of Microwave Temperature Sounding Channels in Environment Canada’s Global Deterministic Weather Prediction System	10
Downwind Development in a Stationary Band Complex Leading to the Secondary Eyewall Formation in the Simulated Typhoon Soudelor (2015)	10
Masthead	10
Record-breaking summer rainfall in South Korea in 2020: Synoptic characteristics and the role of large-scale circulations	9
AMS Publications Support for Open, Transparent, and Equitable Research	9
Masthead	9
The Improvement of Short-Term Quantitative Precipitation Forecast in Mountainous Areas by the Assimilation of Meteorological State Variables Retrieved by Multiple Doppler Radar Data	9
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	9
Development of Convective-Scale Static Background Error Covariance within GSI-Based Hybrid EnVar System for Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation	9
Ensemble Sensitivity of Precipitation Type to Initial Conditions for a Major Freezing Rain Event in Montreal	9
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part I: Control Simulation and the Roles of Surface and Boundary Layer Processes	9
Mergers as the Maintenance Mechanism of Cutoff Lows: A Case Study over Europe in July 2021	9
The Dodge City Tornadoes on 24 May 2016: Understanding Cycloidal Marks in Surface Damage Tracks and Further Analysis of the Debris Cloud	9
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	9
SPC Mesoscale Analysis Compared to Field-Project Soundings: Implications for Supercell Environment Studies	9
All-Sky Assimilation of GOES-16 Water Vapor Channels in Consideration of Cloud-Dependent Interchannel Observation-Error Correlations	9
Observations of Atypical Rapid Intensification Characteristics in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	9
Masthead	9
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	8
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	8
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	8
Structure and Dynamics of Ensemble Correlations for Satellite All-Sky Observations in an FV3-Based Global-to-Regional Nested Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecast of Hurricane Harvey	8
Including the Horizontal Observation Error Correlation in the Ensemble Kalman Filter: Idealized Experiments with NICAM-LETKF	8
The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	8
Testing Stochastic and Perturbed Parameter Methods in an Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System Using NSSL’s Phased-Array Radar Observations	8
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	8
How Does Vertical Wind Shear Influence Updraft Characteristics and Hydrometeor Distributions in Supercell Thunderstorms?	8
The Vice and Virtue of Increased Horizontal Resolution in Ensemble Forecasts of Tornadic Thunderstorms in Low-CAPE, High-Shear Environments	8
The Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter with State Space Localization	7
An Adaptive Channel Selection Method for Assimilating the Hyperspectral Infrared Radiances	7
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	7
Insights in Hailstorm Dynamics through Polarimetric High-Resolution X-Band and Operational C-Band Radar: A Case Study for Vienna, Austria	7
Dual Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations	7
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	7
Impacts of the Lagrangian Data Assimilation of Surface Drifters on Estimating Ocean Circulation during the Gulf of Mexico Grand Lagrangian Deployment	7
Organizational Modes of Spring and Summer Convective Storms and Associated Severe Weather over Southern China during 2015–19	7
Australian Northwest Cloudbands and Their Relationship to Atmospheric Rivers and Precipitation	7
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	7

Observation Impact Study of an Arctic Cyclone Associated with a Tropopause Polar Vortex (TPV)-Induced Rossby Wave Initiation Event	7
Skill, Predictability, and Cluster Analysis of Atlantic Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the ECMWF Monthly Forecasts	7
Impact of Assimilating Radar Data with 3D Thermodynamic Fields in an Ensemble Kalman Filter: Proof of Concept and Feasibility	7
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	7
Mobile Ka-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations of Wildfire Smoke Plumes	7
A Comparison of 3DEnVar and 4DEnVar for Convective-Scale Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation in the Context of a Filter and a Smoother	7
Impact of Mixed-Phase Cloud Parameterization on Warm Conveyor Belts and Upper-Tropospheric Dynamics	7
Influence of Low-Level Shear Orientation and Magnitude on the Evolution and Rotation of Idealized Squall Lines. Part I: Storm Morphology and Bulk Updraft/Mesovortex Attributes	6
Characterizing the Local Variations of the Northern Australian Rainy Season	6
Distinct Influences of Two Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Modes on Synoptic-Scale Eddies over the Western North Pacific	6
A Theory for Why Even Simple Covariance Localization Is So Useful in Ensemble Data Assimilation	6
Influence of Local Water Vapor Analysis Uncertainty on Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclogenesis Using Hurricane Irma (2017) as a Testbed	6
Integrated Hybrid Data Assimilation for an Ensemble Kalman Filter	6
Diagnosing Near-Surface Model Errors with Candidate Physics Parameterization Schemes for the Multiphysics Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) Ensemble during Winter over the Northeastern United State	6
Mesoscale Circulation and Intensity Changes of a Landfalling Typhoon: Role of the Coastal Barrier Jet	6
Impacts of an Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Tropical Cyclone Intensity	6
Assimilation of New York State Mesonet Surface and Profiler Data for the 21 June 2021 Convective Event	6
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	6
Decide Now or Wait for the Next Forecast? Testing a Decision Framework Using Real Forecasts and Observations	6
On Synergy between Convective Equatorial Signals and Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal	6
Regression-Based Ensemble Perturbations for the Zero-Gradient Issue Posed in Lightning-Flash Data Assimilation with an Ensemble Kalman Filter	6
Quasi-Biweekly Extensions of the Monsoon Winds and the Philippines Diurnal Cycle	6
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	6
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	6
Vortex Sheet Sensitivity to Low-Level Vertical Shear and Airmass Temperature Perturbation	6
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	6
Inner-Core Humidification and Prelandfall Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Mekkhala (2020) in Strong Vertical Wind Shear	6
The Effect of a Kona Low on the Eastern Pacific Valentine’s Day (2019) Atmospheric River	6
Masthead	5
GEFSv12 Reforecast Dataset for Supporting Subseasonal and Hydrometeorological Applications	5
Masthead	5
Development of New Observation Operators for Assimilating GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data Using GSI EnKF: Tests with Two Convective Events over the United States	5
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	5
Effects of atmosphere and ocean horizontal model resolution on tropical cyclone and upper ocean response forecasts in four major hurricanes	5
Sensitivity of Forecast Uncertainty to Different Microphysics Schemes within a Convection-Allowing Ensemble during SoWMEX-IOP8	5
Masthead	5
Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Detection and Tracking Results to Fine Spatial and Temporal Resolution using ERA5	5
The Unconventional Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Hurricane Ophelia (2005)	5
On the Hyperbolicity of the Bulk Air–Sea Heat Flux Functions: Insights into the Efficiency of Air–Sea Moisture Disequilibrium for Tropical Cyclone Intensification	5
Radar Wind Retrieval, Ensemble Simulations, and Cluster Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Northern Taiwan during 1–2 June 2017	5
Equity, Inclusion, and Justice: An Opportunity for Action for AMS Publications Stakeholders	5
The Potential Roles of Preexisting Airmass Boundaries on a Tornadic Supercell Observed by TORUS on 28 May 2019	5
Stability of Constant and Variable Coefficient Semi-Implicit Schemes for the Fully Elastic System of Euler Equations in the Case of Steep Slopes	5
Analysis of Integrated Vapor Transport Biases	5
Characteristics of Precipitation Particles and Microphysical Processes during the 11–12 January 2020 Ice Pellet Storm in the Montréal Area, Québec, Canada	5
Vertical Vortex Development in Hurricane Michael (2018) during Rapid Intensification	5
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	5
Impact of Optimally Growing Initial Errors on the Mesoscale Predictability of Heavy Precipitation Events along the Mei-Yu Front in China	5
Extreme Winter Precipitation Regimes in Eastern North America: Synoptic-Scale and Thermodynamic Environments	5
Improving the Analysis and Forecast of Hurricane Dorian (2019) with Simultaneous Assimilation of GOES-16 All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures and Tail Doppler Radar Radial Velocities	5
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	5
Removal of the Vertical Structure Ambiguity in the Thermodynamic Retrieval from Multiple-Doppler Radar Synthesized Wind Fields	5
The value of assimilating different ground-based profiling networks on the forecasts of bore-generating nocturnal convection	5
Strong Relationship between Eye Radius and Radius of Maximum Wind of Tropical Cyclones	5
Characteristics of Long-Duration Heavy Precipitation Events along the West Coast of the United States	5
Spatially Coherent Postprocessing of Cloud Cover Ensemble Forecasts	5
An Implementation of the Particle Flow Filter in an Atmospheric Model	5
A Fast Linear Semi-Lagrangian Advection Scheme Coupled with Spectral (bin) Microphysics to Simulate an Idealized Super Cell Storm in WRF	4
Orographic Effects on Landfalling Lake-Effect Systems	4
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	4
Convective-Storm Environments in Subtropical South America from High-Frequency Soundings during RELAMPAGO-CACTI	4
Environmental and Radar Characteristics of Gargantuan Hail-Producing Storms	4
Supercell Low-Level Mesocyclones: Origins of Inflow and Vorticity	4
On the Collective Importance of Model Physics and Data Assimilation on Mesoscale Convective System and Precipitation Forecasts over Complex Terrain	4
Cool-Season Evaluation of FV3-LAM-Based CONUS-Scale Forecasts with Physics Configurations of Experimental RRFS Ensembles	4
How Sampling Errors in Covariance Estimates Cause Bias in the Kalman Gain and Impact Ensemble Data Assimilation	4
Investigating the Relationship between Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Hydrometeor Size Sorting and Tornadic Potential in Simulated Supercells	4
Aviation Turbulence Forecasting at DWD with ICON: Methodology, Case Studies, and Verification	4
A Quantile-Conserving Ensemble Filter Framework. Part I: Updating an Observed Variable	4
On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	4
A Square-Root, Dual-Resolution 3DEnVar for the AROME Model: Formulation and Evaluation on a Summertime Convective Period	4
Evaluation of Probabilistic Forecasts of Binary Events with the Neighborhood Brier Divergence Skill Score	4
The Consequences of Surface-Exchange Coefficient Uncertainty on an Otherwise Highly Predictable Major Hurricane	4
Masthead	4
Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells	4
How to Be a More Effective Author	4
Lifetimes of Overshooting Convective Events Using High-Frequency Gridded Radar Composites	4
Corrigendum	4
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	4
A Constant Pressure Upper Boundary Formulation for Models Employing Height-Based Vertical Coordinates	4

Masthead	4
On the Foundation and Different Interpretations of Ensemble Sensitivity	4
Use of a Genetic Algorithm to Optimize a Numerical Weather Prediction System	4
Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	4
Multiscale Aspects of the 26–27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak. Part I: Outbreak Chronology and Environmental Evolution	4
Two Quasi-Linear Convective Systems, Their Mesoscale Structure and Moisture Sources	4
Masthead	4
The Anatomy of a Series of Cloud Bursts that Eclipsed the U.S. Rainfall Record	4
Masthead	4
A Gradient Tensor–Based Subgrid-Scale Parameterization for Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratified Shear Layers Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model	4
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	4
Development of a Monsoon Depression and Its Interaction with the Large-Scale Background: A Case Study	4
A Global Tropical Survey of Mid-Tropospheric Cyclones	4
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	4
Precursory Analysis Ensemble Spread Signals That Foreshadow Stratospheric Sudden Warmings	4
Leveraging Deterministic Weather Forecasts for In Situ Probabilistic Temperature Predictions via Deep Learning	3
Euro-Atlantic Weather Regimes and Their Modulation by Tropospheric and Stratospheric Teleconnection Pathways in ECMWF Reforecasts	3
Classification of Warm-Season Precipitation in High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Model Forecasts over the Contiguous United States	3
Strongly Coupled Assimilation of a Hypothetical Ocean Current Observing Network within a Regional Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Model: An OSSE Case Study of Typhoon Hato	3
Toward a Quantitative Understanding of Robert’s Rising Thermal Bubble as a Benchmark for 3D Atmospheric Codes	3
Observation of the Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Cycle Using Hyperspectral Infrared Satellite Sounding Retrievals	3
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022	3
Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	3
The Ensemble Tangent Linear Model Applied to Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag	3
Dropsonde Observations of the Stable Marine Boundary Layer beneath Atmospheric Rivers	3
Process-Based Evaluation of Stochastic Perturbed Microphysics Parameterization Tendencies on Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Rainfall Events	3
The GMAO Hybrid 4D-EnVar Observing System Simulation Experiment Framework	3
Growth of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Observations and a Seasonal Convection-Permitting Simulation over Argentina	3
Microscale Updrafts within Northeast U.S. Coastal Snowstorms Using High-Resolution Cloud Radar Measurements	3
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave	3
The Ensemble Tangent Linear Model Applied to a Cloud Physics Parameterization	3
Understanding the Impacts of Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Typhoon Jongdari (2018) Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion	3
New Insights into the South American Low-Level Jet from RELAMPAGO Observations	3
Modeling Near-Surface Turbulence in Large-Eddy Simulations of a Tornado: An Application of Thin Boundary Layer Equations	3
Impact of Assimilating GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data on Severe Convection Forecasts in a Warn-on-Forecast System	3
Track Deflection of Typhoon Chanthu (2021) near Taiwan as Investigated Using a High-Resolution Global Model	3
The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27–28 April 2011	3
Mechanical and Thermal Forcing for Upslope Flows and Cumulus Convection over the Sierras de Córdoba	3
Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Storm Decay. Part I: Formation of Descending Inflow	3
Learning Forecasts of Rare Stratospheric Transitions from Short Simulations	3
A Modern Approach to a Stability-Based Definition of the Tropopause	3
Evidence of the Double Amplification of Traveling Planetary Waves during the January 2021 Sudden Stratospheric Warming	3
Improving the Four-Dimensional Incremental Analysis Update (4DIAU) with the HWRF 4DEnVar Data Assimilation System for Rapidly Evolving Hurricane Prediction	3
Observed Variability in Convective Cell Characteristics and Near-Storm Environments across the Sea- and Bay-Breeze Fronts in Southeast Texas	3
A 23-Year Severe Hail Climatology Using GridRad MESH Observations	3
Dominant Synoptic Systems for Summer Precipitation over the Complex Terrain of Southwestern China	3
Demonstrating the Potential Impacts of Assimilating FY-4A Visible Radiances on Forecasts of Cloud and Precipitation with a Localized Particle Filter	3
Bulk Microphysical Characteristics of a Heavy-Rain Complex Thunderstorm System in the Taipei Basin	3
Toward an Adaptive Artificial Neural Network–Based Postprocessor	3
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	3
Extreme Fire Weather Associated with Nocturnal Drying in Elevated Coastal Terrain of California	3
A Climatology of Snow Squalls in Southern New England 1994–2018	3
A Neural Network-Based Observation Operator for Coupled Ocean-Acoustic Variational Data Assimilation	3
Masthead	3
A Moving-Wave Implementation in WRF to Study the Impact of Surface Water Waves on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer	3
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations	3
Impacts of Assimilating Future Clear-Air Radial Velocity Observations from Phased Array Radar on Convection Initiation Forecasts: An Observing System Simulation Experiment Study	3
Understanding Nocturnally-driven Extreme Precipitation Events over Lake Victoria in a Convection-Permitting Model	3
Implementing Hybrid Background Error Covariance into the LETKF with Attenuation-Based Localization: Experiments with a Simplified AGCM	3
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019	3
Evolution of Convective Energy and Inhibition before Instances of Large CAPE	3
An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak	3
Potential for New Constraints on Tropical Cyclone Surface-Exchange Coefficients through Simultaneous Ensemble-Based State and Parameter Estimation	3