Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
Corrigendum	42
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	25
Generation Mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence Events in the Upper-Level Outflow of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis	22
Impact of Assimilating Thermodynamic and Kinematic Profiles on a Convection Initiation Forecast	20
Innovation-Based Methods for Online Estimates of Observation Error Variances within Ensemble Data Assimilation Cycles	20
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	18
Journal Information and Table of Contents	18
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	18
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	17
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	16
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	16
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System	15
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	15
Ground-based Doppler radar observations of wave-like coherent structures along the inner edge of the tropical cyclone eyewall	15
Masthead	15
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	15
Masthead	14
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	14
On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	13
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards	13
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	12
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	12
Environmental Influences on the Elevated Nature of a Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective System	12
An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak	12
Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	12

A Regional Atmospheric Model Using the Spectral-Element Method	12
Observed Subdaily Variations in Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes under Different Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Stability Conditions in the Gulf Stream	11
Two Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns are Associated with Short-Duration Dry Spells in the Northeastern United States	11
Impact of Implementing All-Sky Radiance Assimilation for FY-3E MWHS-2 in the CMA-GFS	11
CW3E’s West-WRF 200-Member Ensemble	11
Surface Cold Pool Observations near Tornadic and Nontornadic QLCS Mesovortices during PERiLS	11
Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages	11
A Global–Regional-Unified Atmospheric Dynamical Core on the Yin–Yang Grid	11
Exploring the Causes of Difference in Moat Width in Concentric Eyewalls—Ensemble Simulation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)	11
Understanding Nocturnally Driven Extreme Precipitation Events over Lake Victoria in a Convection-Permitting Model	11
The Impact of Constrained Data Assimilation on the Forecasts of Three Convection Systems during the ARM MC3E Field Campaign	11
Stable Numerical Implementation of a Turbulence Scheme with Two Prognostic Turbulence Energies	11
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	11
Nonlinear Ensemble Filtering with Diffusion Models: Application to the Surface Quasigeostrophic Dynamics	11
A Big Chill: Examining an Extremely Sharp Cold Front from Three Perspectives	11
Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front	10
Relating the Effects of Heterogeneous Terrain on Boundary Layer Flow to the Evolution of Preconvection Environments Using Remote Profiler Datasets from PERiLS	10
Journal Information and Table of Contents	10
Lake Huron Enhances Snowfall Downwind of Lake Erie: A Modeling Study of the 2010 New Year’s Lake Effect Snowfall Event	10
How Skillful Are the European Subseasonal Predictions of Wind Speed and Surface Temperature?	9
A New Method for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions Using Quantile Mapping in the Frequency Domain	9
To Which Degree Do the Details of Stochastic Perturbation Schemes Matter for Convective-Scale and Mesoscale Perturbation Growth?	9
Masthead	9
Identifying, Tracking, and Evaluating Mechanisms of North American Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) Using a Feature Tracking Approach	9
Mechanism of MJO-Modulated Triggering on the Rainy Season Onset over the Indian Subcontinent	9
Improving the Representation of Moisture and Convective Instability in Baroclinic-Wave Channel Simulations	9
Impact of Data Resolution on Tracking Southern Ocean Cyclones	9
Journal Information and Table of Contents	9
A Multiresolution Ensemble Hybrid 4DEnVar with Variable Ensemble Sizes to Improve Global and Tropical Cyclone Track Numerical Prediction	9
Diagnosing Flavors of Tropospheric Rossby Wave Breaking and Their Associated Dynamical and Sensible Weather Features	8
Improving Probabilistic Forecasts of Extreme Wind Speeds by Training Statistical Postprocessing Models with Weighted Scoring Rules	8
Masthead	8
The Impact of Large-Scale Environments and a Southwest Vortex on Heavy Rainfall in Southern Taiwan in Late May 2020	8
Spatial and Environmental Variations in Surface Drag Estimates within Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	8
Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data Using Measurement-Based Observation Error Specification: Preliminary Results	8
Model Predictability of Hail Precipitation with a Moderate Hailstorm Case. Part I: Impact of Improved Initial Conditions by Assimilating High-Density Observations	8
Impact of Subtropical ISO Propagation Routes on Summertime Submonthly Wave Patterns and Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific	8
Lightning and Radar Measures of Mixed-Phase Updraft Variability in Tracked Storms during the TRACER Field Campaign in Houston, Texas	8
Idealized Simulations of the Sensitivity of Supercell Thunderstorm Behavior near Complex Terrain to Storm Maturity and Approach Angle	8
Masthead	7
Top-Down Phenomenon Observed in the Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020): Insights from the Comparative Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics with a Typical Precipitation Event in North	7
Analysis of Snow Multibands and Their Environments with High-Resolution Idealized Simulations	7
Turbulent Fluxes and Surface Meteorology during the Landfall of Four Typhoons in the South China Sea	7
Synergy between Heat and Moisture Transport in Atmospheric Rivers in the Extratropical Andes	7
An Investigation of a Northeast U.S. Cyclone Event without Well-Defined Snow Banding during IMPACTS	7
Improving Forecasts of the “21⋅7” Henan Extreme Rainfall Event Using a Radar Assimilation Scheme that Considers Hydrometeor Background Error Covariance	7
Examining the Impact of Assimilating Surface, PBL, and Free Atmosphere Observations from TORUS on Analyses and Forecasts of Two Supercells on 8 June 2019	7
A Novel Latent Space Data Assimilation Framework with Autoencoder-Observation to Latent Space (AE-O2L) Network. Part I: The Observation-Only Analysis Method	7
Masthead	7
Quantifying the Impact of Vertical Resolution on the Representation of Marine Boundary Layer Physics for Global-Scale Models	7

The Observed and Simulated Analysis of Supercellular Demise from 15 June 2019	7
Multiscale Interactions Contributing to Enhanced Orographic Precipitation in Landfalling Frontal Systems over the Olympic Peninsula	7
Environmental and Storm-Scale Controls on Close Proximity Supercells Observed by TORUS on 8 June 2019	7
Types of Severe Convective Wind Events in Eastern Australia	7
Overlapping Windows in a Global Hourly Data Assimilation System	7
How to Be a More Effective Reviewer	7
Masthead	7
An Ensemble Forecasting Method for Dealing with the Combined Effects of the Initial and Model Errors and a Potential Deep Learning Implementation	7
Why Was the Weakening of Typhoon In-fa (2021) to the East of Taiwan Island Not Forecasted in the GFS?	7
What Controlled the Low-Level Moisture Transport during the Extreme Precipitation in Henan Province of China in July 2021?	6
Adaptive Correlation- and Distance-Based Localization for Iterative Ensemble Smoothers in a Coupled Nonlinear Multiscale Model	6
Tropical Transition of Tropical Storm Kirogi (2012) over the Western North Pacific: Synoptic Analysis and Mesoscale Simulation	6
Masthead	6
Simulating the Transition from Freezing Rain to Ice Pellets during WINTRE-MIX: The Role of Secondary Ice Production	6
Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Forecasts of the Risk of Rainfall in Southeast Asia Dependent on Equatorial Waves	6
Journal Information and Table of Contents	6
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset	6
Insights on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Downslope Winds in Coastal Santa Barbara: A Case Study from the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX)	6
Including Cross Correlation between Forecast and Observation Errors in an Ensemble Kalman Filter	6
Lake Victoria Thunderstorms: Radar-Observed Initiation and Storm Evolution Modes	6
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part II: The Topographic Effect and the Secondary Eyewall Formation	6
Orographic Controls on Extreme Precipitation Associated with a Mei-Yu Front	6
Observed Relationships between Supercell Mesocyclone Intensity and Evolution, Background Environmental Characteristics, and Cell Mergers	6
Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar	6
Simulation of Heavy Precipitation and the Production of Graupel Related to the Passage of a Cold Front over the Australian Snowy Mountains	6
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	6
Characteristics of Layers of Enhanced Spectrum Width within Northeast U.S. Winter Precipitation Events	6
Structures of Low-Level Wind and Convection in the Pregenesis Environment of Western Caribbean Tropical Cyclones	6
Modeling Variability in Tropical Cyclone Maximum Wind Location and Intensity Using InCyc: A Global Database of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Simulations	6
Development and Case Study Evaluation of Filtered Ensemble-Based Tangent Linear Model for the Operational EnVar Data Assimilation System	6
Analyzing Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Asymmetry with a Polar-Coordinate Periodic-Domain Deep Learning Model	6
Observation Impact and Information Retention in the Lower Troposphere of the GMAO GEOS Data Assimilation System	6
High-Order Tensor-Train Finite-Volume Methods for Shallow-Water Equations	6
Masthead	6
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	6
The Effect of Ensemble Size on the Mean Squared Error and Spread–Error Relationship	5
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	5
The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	5
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	5
Influences of Large-Scale and Mesoscale Circulation Patterns on Precipitation during Rainy Seasons in South China	5
Excessive Downward Shortwave Radiation in the HRRR and RAP Weather Models and Testing Strategies for Improvements	5
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	5
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	5
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	5
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	5
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	5
A Climatology of Cool-Season Precipitation Objects in the Comma Head of an Extratropical Cyclone	5
Effects of Atmosphere and Ocean Horizontal Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone and Upper-Ocean Response Forecasts in Four Major Hurricanes	5
Spurious Pressure Waves in Compressible Large-Eddy Simulations of Shallow Cumulus Clouds	5
Regime-Dependent Turbulence Length-Scale Formulation for NWP Models Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy, Shear, and Stratification	5
Coastal Land-Atmosphere Interactions and Their Influence on Offshore Weather Forecasts	5
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence	5
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	5
Evaluation of NASA/NESDIS Stereo Winds in the Navy Global Forecast System	5
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	5
How to Derive Skill from the Fractions Skill Score	5
Reply to “Comment on ‘Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation’”	5
Impacts of Assimilating Future Clear-Air Radial Velocity Observations from Phased Array Radar on Convection Initiation Forecasts: An Observing System Simulation Experiment Study	5
Impacts of Extratropical Transition on Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes	5
Neighborhood-Based Ensemble Evaluation Using the CRPS	4
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	4
Improved Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization Accounting for the Nonhydrostatic Effect in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Tests for Short-Range Forecast of Northeast China Cold Vo	4
Improvement of Albedo and Snow-Cover Simulation during Snow Events over the Tibetan Plateau	4
Turbulent Characteristics in the Eye and Eyewall of Hurricane Ian (2022)	4
Dual-polarization C-band radar inferred rain microphysics in the Indian core monsoon zone	4
Network Structure of Atmospheric Perturbations	4
Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea	4
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	4
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations	4
Modeling Near-Surface Turbulence in Large-Eddy Simulations of a Tornado: An Application of Thin Boundary Layer Equations	4
TRACER Perspectives on Gulf-Breeze and Bay-Breeze Circulations and Coastal Convection	4
Direct Assimilation of All-Sky GOES-R ABI Radiances in GSI EnKF for the Analysis and Forecasting of a Mesoscale Convective System	4
Masthead	4
Addressing Challenges Associated with Training Sample Sizes for Effective Calibration of NWP Precipitation Forecasts	4
On the Consistency between the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita Scales and Implications for the U.S. Tornado Climatology	4
Meteorological Analysis of the Pacific Northwest June 2021 Heatwave	4
Cold Pool Forcing of the Streamwise Vorticity Current and Low-Level Mesocyclone in the 9 June 2009 Supercell during VORTEX2	4
Relation between Baroclinity, Horizontal Vorticity, and Mesocyclone Evolution in the 6–7 April 2018 Monroe, Louisiana, Tornadic Supercell during VORTEX-SE	4
Features and Processes Influencing the Evolution and Forecast Skill of Strong Low-Skill Arctic Cyclones	4
Improving Short-Term, Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts by Integrating Weather Pattern Information into Model Output Statistics	4

Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	4
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave	4
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019	4
Assessment of the Dynamical Linkages and Flow Evolution Governing Multiple Extreme Weather Events over Western North America in February 2019	4
An Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System for Hazardous Weather Events	4
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble	4
An Objective Weather Regime Classification for Aotearoa New Zealand Using a Two-Tiered K-Means Clustering Approach	4
Improving Subseasonal Wind Speed Forecasts in Europe with a Nonlinear Model	4
Planetary-Scale Dynamics of Extreme Precipitation Regimes: Precursors and Contributors to Intensity and Longevity	4
The Combined Impacts of Midlevel Humidity and Low-Level Shear on Supercell Evolution on 22 May 2019	4
Parameterization of Melting Snow for Bulk Cloud Microphysics Schemes	4
Simulated Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	4
Improving National Blend of Models Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using Long Time Series of Reforecasts and Precipitation Reanalyses. Part II: Results	4
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022	4
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	4
Spatial Variation in the Synoptic Structure of Convective Systems over the Great Plains	4
Advanced Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the Experimental Global ECMWF and Operational Regional COAMPS-TC Systems	4
Parameterizing Raindrop Formation Using Machine Learning	4
Masthead	4