Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
Corrigendum	41
Generation Mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence Events in the Upper-Level Outflow of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis	31
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	31
Impact of Assimilating Thermodynamic and Kinematic Profiles on a Convection Initiation Forecast	25
Innovation-Based Methods for Online Estimates of Observation Error Variances within Ensemble Data Assimilation Cycles	21
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System	20
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	20
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	20
Masthead	18
Journal Information and Table of Contents	18
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	18
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	17
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	16
Analysis of Integrated Vapor Transport Biases	16
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	16
Ground-based Doppler radar observations of wave-like coherent structures along the inner edge of the tropical cyclone eyewall	15
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	15
Masthead	15
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	15
On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	14
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards	14
Nonlinear Ensemble Filtering with Diffusion Models: Application to the Surface Quasigeostrophic Dynamics	13
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	13
CW3E’s West-WRF 200-Member Ensemble	12
Environmental Influences on the Elevated Nature of a Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective System	12

Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	12
Understanding Nocturnally Driven Extreme Precipitation Events over Lake Victoria in a Convection-Permitting Model	12
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	12
Impact of Implementing All-Sky Radiance Assimilation for FY-3E MWHS-2 in the CMA-GFS	12
An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak	11
A New Method for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions Using Quantile Mapping in the Frequency Domain	11
Observed Subdaily Variations in Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes under Different Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Stability Conditions in the Gulf Stream	11
Exploring the Causes of Difference in Moat Width in Concentric Eyewalls—Ensemble Simulation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)	11
A Regional Atmospheric Model Using the Spectral-Element Method	11
Mechanism of MJO-Modulated Triggering on the Rainy Season Onset over the Indian Subcontinent	11
Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages	11
A Big Chill: Examining an Extremely Sharp Cold Front from Three Perspectives	11
The Impact of Constrained Data Assimilation on the Forecasts of Three Convection Systems during the ARM MC3E Field Campaign	11
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	11
Stable Numerical Implementation of a Turbulence Scheme with Two Prognostic Turbulence Energies	10
Surface Cold Pool Observations near Tornadic and Nontornadic QLCS Mesovortices during PERiLS	10
Journal Information and Table of Contents	10
A Global–Regional-Unified Atmospheric Dynamical Core on the Yin–Yang Grid	10
Two Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns are Associated with Short-Duration Dry Spells in the Northeastern United States	10
Relating the Effects of Heterogeneous Terrain on Boundary Layer Flow to the Evolution of Preconvection Environments Using Remote Profiler Datasets from PERiLS	9
A Multiresolution Ensemble Hybrid 4DEnVar with Variable Ensemble Sizes to Improve Global and Tropical Cyclone Track Numerical Prediction	9
Spatial and Environmental Variations in Surface Drag Estimates within Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	9
Lake Huron Enhances Snowfall Downwind of Lake Erie: A Modeling Study of the 2010 New Year’s Lake Effect Snowfall Event	9
How Skillful Are the European Subseasonal Predictions of Wind Speed and Surface Temperature?	9
Masthead	9
Journal Information and Table of Contents	9
Lightning and Radar Measures of Mixed-Phase Updraft Variability in Tracked Storms during the TRACER Field Campaign in Houston, Texas	9
Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front	9
Impact of Data Resolution on Tracking Southern Ocean Cyclones	9
Improving the Representation of Moisture and Convective Instability in Baroclinic-Wave Channel Simulations	9
Improving Probabilistic Forecasts of Extreme Wind Speeds by Training Statistical Postprocessing Models with Weighted Scoring Rules	9
To Which Degree Do the Details of Stochastic Perturbation Schemes Matter for Convective-Scale and Mesoscale Perturbation Growth?	9
Modeling the Convective Boundary Layer in the Terra Incognita: Evaluation of Different Strategies with Real-Case Simulations	9
Identifying, Tracking, and Evaluating Mechanisms of North American Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) Using a Feature Tracking Approach	9
Model Predictability of Hail Precipitation with a Moderate Hailstorm Case. Part I: Impact of Improved Initial Conditions by Assimilating High-Density Observations	8
Idealized Simulations of the Sensitivity of Supercell Thunderstorm Behavior near Complex Terrain to Storm Maturity and Approach Angle	8
Masthead	8
Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Forecasts of the Risk of Rainfall in Southeast Asia Dependent on Equatorial Waves	8
Diagnosing Flavors of Tropospheric Rossby Wave Breaking and Their Associated Dynamical and Sensible Weather Features	8
Masthead	8
Masthead	8
Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data Using Measurement-Based Observation Error Specification: Preliminary Results	8
Impact of Subtropical ISO Propagation Routes on Summertime Submonthly Wave Patterns and Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific	8
The Impact of Large-Scale Environments and a Southwest Vortex on Heavy Rainfall in Southern Taiwan in Late May 2020	8
Examining the Impact of Assimilating Surface, PBL, and Free Atmosphere Observations from TORUS on Analyses and Forecasts of Two Supercells on 8 June 2019	8
A Novel Latent Space Data Assimilation Framework with Autoencoder-Observation to Latent Space (AE-O2L) Network. Part I: The Observation-Only Analysis Method	7
Assimilation of AMSU-A in All-Sky Conditions	7
An Investigation of a Northeast U.S. Cyclone Event without Well-Defined Snow Banding during IMPACTS	7
Turbulent Fluxes and Surface Meteorology during the Landfall of Four Typhoons in the South China Sea	7
What Controlled the Low-Level Moisture Transport during the Extreme Precipitation in Henan Province of China in July 2021?	7

Improving Forecasts of the “21⋅7” Henan Extreme Rainfall Event Using a Radar Assimilation Scheme that Considers Hydrometeor Background Error Covariance	7
Types of Severe Convective Wind Events in Eastern Australia	7
Top-Down Phenomenon Observed in the Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020): Insights from the Comparative Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics with a Typical Precipitation Event in North	7
Analyzing Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Asymmetry with a Polar-Coordinate Periodic-Domain Deep Learning Model	7
Multiscale Interactions Contributing to Enhanced Orographic Precipitation in Landfalling Frontal Systems over the Olympic Peninsula	7
Masthead	7
Simulating the Transition from Freezing Rain to Ice Pellets during WINTRE-MIX: The Role of Secondary Ice Production	7
How to Be a More Effective Reviewer	7
Overlapping Windows in a Global Hourly Data Assimilation System	7
Analysis of Snow Multibands and Their Environments with High-Resolution Idealized Simulations	7
An Ensemble Forecasting Method for Dealing with the Combined Effects of the Initial and Model Errors and a Potential Deep Learning Implementation	7
Quantifying the Impact of Vertical Resolution on the Representation of Marine Boundary Layer Physics for Global-Scale Models	7
Why Was the Weakening of Typhoon In-fa (2021) to the East of Taiwan Island Not Forecasted in the GFS?	7
The Observed and Simulated Analysis of Supercellular Demise from 15 June 2019	7
Synergy between Heat and Moisture Transport in Atmospheric Rivers in the Extratropical Andes	7
Environmental and Storm-Scale Controls on Close Proximity Supercells Observed by TORUS on 8 June 2019	7
Structures of Low-Level Wind and Convection in the Pregenesis Environment of Western Caribbean Tropical Cyclones	6
Including Cross Correlation between Forecast and Observation Errors in an Ensemble Kalman Filter	6
Development and Case Study Evaluation of Filtered Ensemble-Based Tangent Linear Model for the Operational EnVar Data Assimilation System	6
Observed Relationships between Supercell Mesocyclone Intensity and Evolution, Background Environmental Characteristics, and Cell Mergers	6
Orographic Controls on Extreme Precipitation Associated with a Mei-Yu Front	6
Modeling Variability in Tropical Cyclone Maximum Wind Location and Intensity Using InCyc: A Global Database of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Simulations	6
Masthead	6
A Climatology of Cool-Season Precipitation Objects in the Comma Head of an Extratropical Cyclone	6
Tropical Transition of Tropical Storm Kirogi (2012) over the Western North Pacific: Synoptic Analysis and Mesoscale Simulation	6
Adaptive Correlation- and Distance-Based Localization for Iterative Ensemble Smoothers in a Coupled Nonlinear Multiscale Model	6
Observation Impact and Information Retention in the Lower Troposphere of the GMAO GEOS Data Assimilation System	6
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part II: The Topographic Effect and the Secondary Eyewall Formation	6
High-Order Tensor-Train Finite-Volume Methods for Shallow-Water Equations	6
Lake Victoria Thunderstorms: Radar-Observed Initiation and Storm Evolution Modes	6
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	6
Journal Information and Table of Contents	6
Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar	6
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset	6
Masthead	6
Simulation of Heavy Precipitation and the Production of Graupel Related to the Passage of a Cold Front over the Australian Snowy Mountains	6
Characteristics of Layers of Enhanced Spectrum Width within Northeast United States Winter Precipitation Events	6
Insights on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Downslope Winds in Coastal Santa Barbara: A Case Study from the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX)	6
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	6
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022	5
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	5
Reply to “Comment on ‘Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation’”	5
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	5
Effects of Atmosphere and Ocean Horizontal Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone and Upper-Ocean Response Forecasts in Four Major Hurricanes	5
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	5
Impacts of Assimilating Future Clear-Air Radial Velocity Observations from Phased Array Radar on Convection Initiation Forecasts: An Observing System Simulation Experiment Study	5
Impacts of Extratropical Transition on Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes	5
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	5
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	5
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	5
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	5
How to Derive Skill from the Fractions Skill Score	5
Evaluation of NASA/NESDIS Stereo Winds in the Navy Global Forecast System	5
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019	5
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	5
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence	5
Regime-Dependent Turbulence Length-Scale Formulation for NWP Models Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy, Shear, and Stratification	5
The Effect of Ensemble Size on the Mean Squared Error and Spread–Error Relationship	5
The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	5
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	5
Influences of Large-Scale and Mesoscale Circulation Patterns on Precipitation during Rainy Seasons in South China	5
Excessive Downward Shortwave Radiation in the HRRR and RAP Weather Models and Testing Strategies for Improvements	5
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations	5
Spurious Pressure Waves in Compressible Large-Eddy Simulations of Shallow Cumulus Clouds	5
Direct Assimilation of All-Sky GOES-R ABI Radiances in GSI EnKF for the Analysis and Forecasting of a Mesoscale Convective System	4
Neighborhood-Based Ensemble Evaluation Using the CRPS	4
Improved Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization Accounting for the Nonhydrostatic Effect in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Tests for Short-Range Forecast of Northeast China Cold Vo	4
The Combined Impacts of Midlevel Humidity and Low-Level Shear on Supercell Evolution on 22 May 2019	4
Meteorological Analysis of the Pacific Northwest June 2021 Heatwave	4
Cold Pool Forcing of the Streamwise Vorticity Current and Low-Level Mesocyclone in the 9 June 2009 Supercell during VORTEX2	4
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	4
A Quantile-Conserving Ensemble Filter Framework. Part I: Updating an Observed Variable	4
Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea	4
Climatology of Significant Tornadoes within China and Comparison of Tornado Environments between the United States and China	4
An Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System for Hazardous Weather Events	4
A Comparison of Arctic and Atlantic Basin Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecast Uncertainty	4
On the Consistency between the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita Scales and Implications for the U.S. Tornado Climatology	4
Evaluation of Turbulence and Dispersion in Multiscale Atmospheric Simulations over Complex Urban Terrain during the Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign	4
On the Rapid Weakening of Typhoon Trami (2018): Strong Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Associated with Slow Translation Speed	4
Masthead	4

Addressing Challenges Associated with Training Sample Sizes for Effective Calibration of NWP Precipitation Forecasts	4
Relation between Baroclinity, Horizontal Vorticity, and Mesocyclone Evolution in the 6–7 April 2018 Monroe, Louisiana, Tornadic Supercell during VORTEX-SE	4
Improvement of Albedo and Snow-Cover Simulation during Snow Events over the Tibetan Plateau	4
Improving National Blend of Models Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using Long Time Series of Reforecasts and Precipitation Reanalyses. Part II: Results	4
Modeling Near-Surface Turbulence in Large-Eddy Simulations of a Tornado: An Application of Thin Boundary Layer Equations	4
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	4
Improving Short-Term, Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts by Integrating Weather Pattern Information into Model Output Statistics	4
Parameterization of Melting Snow for Bulk Cloud Microphysics Schemes	4
Assessment of the Dynamical Linkages and Flow Evolution Governing Multiple Extreme Weather Events over Western North America in February 2019	4
Different Initial Condition Perturbation Methods for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasting over South China during the Rainy Season	4
Planetary-Scale Dynamics of Extreme Precipitation Regimes: Precursors and Contributors to Intensity and Longevity	4
Quantifying the Relationship between Embedded Rotation and Extreme Rainfall Rates in Observations of Tropical Storm Imelda (2019)	4
Journal Information and Table of Contents	4
Masthead	4
Turbulent Characteristics in the Eye and Eyewall of Hurricane Ian (2022)	4
Features and Processes Influencing the Evolution and Forecast Skill of Strong Low-Skill Arctic Cyclones	4
Network Structure of Atmospheric Perturbations	4
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble	4
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	4
Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	4
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave	4
TRACER Perspectives on Gulf-Breeze and Bay-Breeze Circulations and Coastal Convection	4
Simulated Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	4
Dual-polarization C-band radar inferred rain microphysics in the Indian core monsoon zone	4
Spatial Variation in the Synoptic Structure of Convective Systems over the Great Plains	4
Diagnostics for Imbalance on the Convective Scale	4
Parameterizing Raindrop Formation Using Machine Learning	4