Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
The Sensitivity of Downstream Ridge Building Forecasts to Upstream Warm Conveyor Belt Forecast Uncertainty Using MPAS	31
Downwind Development in a Stationary Band Complex Leading to the Secondary Eyewall Formation in the Simulated Typhoon Soudelor (2015)	29
An Updated Investigation of Post-Transformation Intensity, Structural, and Duration Extremes for Extratropically Transitioning North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	23
Soil Moisture Influences on Summer Arctic Cyclones and Their Associated Poleward Moisture Transport	23
Insights in Hailstorm Dynamics through Polarimetric High-Resolution X-Band and Operational C-Band Radar: A Case Study for Vienna, Austria	20
Stability Properties of the Constant Coefficients Semi-Implicit Time Schemes Solving Nonfiltering Approximation of the Fully Compressible Equations	20
How interactions between tropical depressions and western disturbances affect heavy precipitation in South Asia	20
All-Sky Assimilation of GOES-16 Water Vapor Channels in Consideration of Cloud-Dependent Interchannel Observation-Error Correlations	19
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	19
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part I: Control Simulation and the Roles of Surface and Boundary Layer Processes	18
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	17
Using Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis to Identify Storm Characteristics Associated with Tornadogenesis in High-Resolution Simulated Supercells	17
Energetics of Interactions between African Easterly Waves and Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves	17
Going with the Trend: Forecasting Seasonal Climate Conditions under Climate Change	17
Analysis of Integrated Vapor Transport Biases	16
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	16
The Role of Analysis Error in the Convergence of Reanalysis Production Streams in MERRA-2	16
Regression-Based Ensemble Perturbations for the Zero-Gradient Issue Posed in Lightning-Flash Data Assimilation with an Ensemble Kalman Filter	16
Effect of Scale-Aware Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structural Changes in the Gray Zone	15
The Unconventional Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Hurricane Ophelia (2005)	14
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System	14
Testing Stochastic and Perturbed Parameter Methods in an Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System Using NSSL’s Phased-Array Radar Observations	14
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	14
The Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter with State Space Localization	13
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	13

Dual Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations	13
Masthead	13
An Adaptive Channel Selection Method for Assimilating the Hyperspectral Infrared Radiances	13
A Comparison of 3DEnVar and 4DEnVar for Convective-Scale Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation in the Context of a Filter and a Smoother	12
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	12
Vertical Vortex Development in Hurricane Michael (2018) during Rapid Intensification	12
Including the Horizontal Observation Error Correlation in the Ensemble Kalman Filter: Idealized Experiments with NICAM-LETKF	12
The Vice and Virtue of Increased Horizontal Resolution in Ensemble Forecasts of Tornadic Thunderstorms in Low-CAPE, High-Shear Environments	12
Mesoscale Circulation and Intensity Changes of a Landfalling Typhoon: Role of the Coastal Barrier Jet	11
Australian Northwest Cloudbands and Their Relationship to Atmospheric Rivers and Precipitation	11
A New K–ε Turbulence Parameterization for Mesoscale Meteorological Models	11
Extreme Winter Precipitation Regimes in Eastern North America: Synoptic-Scale and Thermodynamic Environments	11
Accounting for skew when post-processing MOGREPS-UK temperature forecast fields	11
Examination of the Combined Effect of Deep-Layer Vertical Shear Direction and Lower-Tropospheric Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis	10
A hybrid analog-ensemble, convolutional-neural-network method for post-processing precipitation forecasts	10
Composite Life Cycle of West Pacific Jet-Superposition Events and the Large-Scale Environmental Response over Western North America	10
A Simultaneous Multiscale Data Assimilation Using Scale-Dependent Localization in GSI-Based Hybrid 4DEnVar for NCEP FV3-Based GFS	10
Skill, Predictability, and Cluster Analysis of Atlantic Tropical Storms and Hurricanes in the ECMWF Monthly Forecasts	10
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	9
On the Hyperbolicity of the Bulk Air–Sea Heat Flux Functions: Insights into the Efficiency of Air–Sea Moisture Disequilibrium for Tropical Cyclone Intensification	9
Vortex Sheet Sensitivity to Low-Level Vertical Shear and Airmass Temperature Perturbation	9
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part I: Implementation and Parameter Sensitivity	9
Impact of Optimally Growing Initial Errors on the Mesoscale Predictability of Heavy Precipitation Events along the Mei-Yu Front in China	9
Organizational Modes of Spring and Summer Convective Storms and Associated Severe Weather over Southern China during 2015–19	9
Diagnosing Near-Surface Model Errors with Candidate Physics Parameterization Schemes for the Multiphysics Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) Ensemble during Winter over the Northeastern United State	9
Masthead	8
Quasi-Biweekly Extensions of the Monsoon Winds and the Philippines Diurnal Cycle	8
Investigating the Development and Characteristics of Streamwise Vorticity Currents Produced by Outflow Surges in Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms	8
Observation Impact Study of an Arctic Cyclone Associated with a Tropopause Polar Vortex (TPV)-Induced Rossby Wave Initiation Event	8
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	8
The Sensitivity of Supercell Cold Pools to the Lifting Condensation Level and the Predicted Particle Properties Microphysics Scheme	8
Improvements of Lagrangian Data Assimilation Tested in the Gulf of Mexico	8
Masthead	8
Corrigendum	8
Impacts of the Lagrangian Data Assimilation of Surface Drifters on Estimating Ocean Circulation during the Gulf of Mexico Grand Lagrangian Deployment	8
An Implementation of the Particle Flow Filter in an Atmospheric Model	8
Decide Now or Wait for the Next Forecast? Testing a Decision Framework Using Real Forecasts and Observations	8
On Synergy between Convective Equatorial Signals and Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in the Bay of Bengal	7
Characterizing the Local Variations of the Northern Australian Rainy Season	7
Influence of Local Water Vapor Analysis Uncertainty on Ensemble Forecasts of Tropical Cyclogenesis Using Hurricane Irma (2017) as a Testbed	7
Distinct Influences of Two Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation Modes on Synoptic-Scale Eddies over the Western North Pacific	7
Assimilation of New York State Mesonet Surface and Profiler Data for the 21 June 2021 Convective Event	7
AMS Publications Support for Open, Transparent, and Equitable Research	7
Toward All-Sky Assimilation of Microwave Temperature Sounding Channels in Environment Canada’s Global Deterministic Weather Prediction System	7
Comments on “A Climatology of Cell Mergers with Supercells and Their Association with Mesocyclone Evolution” and “The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27	7
Three-Dimensional Fujiwhara Effect for Binary Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific	7
The Dodge City Tornadoes on 24 May 2016: Understanding Cycloidal Marks in Surface Damage Tracks and Further Analysis of the Debris Cloud	7
The Improvement of Short-Term Quantitative Precipitation Forecast in Mountainous Areas by the Assimilation of Meteorological State Variables Retrieved by Multiple Doppler Radar Data	7
Strong Relationship between Eye Radius and Radius of Maximum Wind of Tropical Cyclones	7
Masthead	7

The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	7
The Impact of Assimilating GPS Precipitable Water Vapor in Convective-Permitting WRF-ARW on North American Monsoon Precipitation Forecasts over Northwest Mexico	7
Lightning Data Assimilation Scheme in a 4DVAR System and Its Impact on Very Short-Term Convective Forecasting	7
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	7
Mergers as the Maintenance Mechanism of Cutoff Lows: A Case Study over Europe in July 2021	7
Integrated Hybrid Data Assimilation for an Ensemble Kalman Filter	7
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	7
General Features of MCSs with the Organization of Multiple Parallel Rainbands in China	7
Developing 4D-Var for Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation Using a Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Quasigeostrophic Model	7
Impact of Mixed-Phase Cloud Parameterization on Warm Conveyor Belts and Upper-Tropospheric Dynamics	6
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	6
Characteristics of Long-Duration Heavy Precipitation Events along the West Coast of the United States	6
Inner-Core Humidification and Prelandfall Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Mekkhala (2020) in Strong Vertical Wind Shear	6
Structure and Dynamics of Ensemble Correlations for Satellite All-Sky Observations in an FV3-Based Global-to-Regional Nested Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecast of Hurricane Harvey	6
Spatially Coherent Postprocessing of Cloud Cover Ensemble Forecasts	6
Influence of Low-Level Shear Orientation and Magnitude on the Evolution and Rotation of Idealized Squall Lines. Part I: Storm Morphology and Bulk Updraft/Mesovortex Attributes	6
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	6
The value of assimilating different ground-based profiling networks on the forecasts of bore-generating nocturnal convection	6
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	6
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	6
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	6
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	6
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	6
A Theory for Why Even Simple Covariance Localization Is So Useful in Ensemble Data Assimilation	6
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	6
How Does Vertical Wind Shear Influence Updraft Characteristics and Hydrometeor Distributions in Supercell Thunderstorms?	6
Impacts of an Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Tropical Cyclone Intensity	6
Observations of Atypical Rapid Intensification Characteristics in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	6
Sensitivity of Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Detection and Tracking Results to Fine Spatial and Temporal Resolution using ERA5	6
Masthead	6
Masthead	6
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	6
The Implication of Outflow Structure for the Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones under Vertical Wind Shear	6
Evolution of Convective Energy and Inhibition before Instances of Large CAPE	5
Bulk Microphysical Characteristics of a Heavy-Rain Complex Thunderstorm System in the Taipei Basin	5
Strongly Coupled Assimilation of a Hypothetical Ocean Current Observing Network within a Regional Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Model: An OSSE Case Study of Typhoon Hato	5
The GMAO Hybrid 4D-EnVar Observing System Simulation Experiment Framework	5
A Moving-Wave Implementation in WRF to Study the Impact of Surface Water Waves on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer	5
Mobile Ka-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations of Wildfire Smoke Plumes	5
Impact of Assimilating Radar Data with 3D Thermodynamic Fields in an Ensemble Kalman Filter: Proof of Concept and Feasibility	5
Record-breaking summer rainfall in South Korea in 2020: Synoptic characteristics and the role of large-scale circulations	5
Characteristics of Precipitation Particles and Microphysical Processes during the 11–12 January 2020 Ice Pellet Storm in the Montréal Area, Québec, Canada	5
Numerical Accuracy Necessary for Large-Eddy Simulation of Planetary Boundary Layer Turbulence Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method	5
Improving the Analysis and Forecast of Hurricane Dorian (2019) with Simultaneous Assimilation of GOES-16 All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures and Tail Doppler Radar Radial Velocities	5
Development of a Monsoon Depression and Its Interaction with the Large-Scale Background: A Case Study	5
A Climatology of Snow Squalls in Southern New England 1994–2018	5
Equity, Inclusion, and Justice: An Opportunity for Action for AMS Publications Stakeholders	5
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	5
Sensitivity of Forecast Uncertainty to Different Microphysics Schemes within a Convection-Allowing Ensemble during SoWMEX-IOP8	5
The Effect of a Kona Low on the Eastern Pacific Valentine’s Day (2019) Atmospheric River	5
Ensemble Sensitivity of Precipitation Type to Initial Conditions for a Major Freezing Rain Event in Montreal	5
Masthead	5
Removal of the Vertical Structure Ambiguity in the Thermodynamic Retrieval from Multiple-Doppler Radar Synthesized Wind Fields	5
Masthead	5
Precursory Analysis Ensemble Spread Signals That Foreshadow Stratospheric Sudden Warmings	5
Microscale Updrafts within Northeast U.S. Coastal Snowstorms Using High-Resolution Cloud Radar Measurements	5
On the Origin of Rotation Derived from Super Rapid Scan Satellite Imagery at the Cloud-Tops of Severe Deep Convection	5
Simulation of a Mesoscale Convective System Using a New Formulation for Advection in a Bin Microphysics: Sensitivity to Advection, Microphysics, and Grid Spacing	5
SPC Mesoscale Analysis Compared to Field-Project Soundings: Implications for Supercell Environment Studies	5
Development of Convective-Scale Static Background Error Covariance within GSI-Based Hybrid EnVar System for Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation	5
The Influence of Cell Mergers on Supercell Characteristics and Tornado Evolution on 27–28 April 2011	5
The Potential Roles of Preexisting Airmass Boundaries on a Tornadic Supercell Observed by TORUS on 28 May 2019	5
The Consequences of Surface-Exchange Coefficient Uncertainty on an Otherwise Highly Predictable Major Hurricane	4
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards	4
Observed Near-Surface Wind Structure in the Inner Core of Typhoon Goni (2015)	4
Development of New Observation Operators for Assimilating GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data Using GSI EnKF: Tests with Two Convective Events over the United States	4
On the Foundation and Different Interpretations of Ensemble Sensitivity	4
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	4
A Square-Root, Dual-Resolution 3DEnVar for the AROME Model: Formulation and Evaluation on a Summertime Convective Period	4
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	4
Supercell Low-Level Mesocyclones: Origins of Inflow and Vorticity	4
The Ensemble Tangent Linear Model Applied to Nonorographic Gravity Wave Drag	4
Impact of Increasing Horizontal and Vertical Resolution during the HWRF Hybrid EnVar Data Assimilation on the Analysis and Prediction of Hurricane Patricia (2015)	4
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	4
Use of a Genetic Algorithm to Optimize a Numerical Weather Prediction System	4
Dynamics Governing a Simulated Bow-and-Arrow-Type Mesoscale Convective System	4
Corrigendum	4
Masthead	4
Implementing Hybrid Background Error Covariance into the LETKF with Attenuation-Based Localization: Experiments with a Simplified AGCM	4
Improving the Four-Dimensional Incremental Analysis Update (4DIAU) with the HWRF 4DEnVar Data Assimilation System for Rapidly Evolving Hurricane Prediction	4

Masthead	4
Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Storm Decay. Part I: Formation of Descending Inflow	4
On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	4
Convective-Storm Environments in Subtropical South America from High-Frequency Soundings during RELAMPAGO-CACTI	4
The Anatomy of a Series of Cloud Bursts that Eclipsed the U.S. Rainfall Record	4
How Sampling Errors in Covariance Estimates Cause Bias in the Kalman Gain and Impact Ensemble Data Assimilation	4
Impact of Assimilating GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data on Severe Convection Forecasts in a Warn-on-Forecast System	4
A Fast Linear Semi-Lagrangian Advection Scheme Coupled with Spectral (bin) Microphysics to Simulate an Idealized Super Cell Storm in WRF	4
Two Quasi-Linear Convective Systems, Their Mesoscale Structure and Moisture Sources	4
Masthead	4
Aviation Turbulence Forecasting at DWD with ICON: Methodology, Case Studies, and Verification	4
Environmental and Radar Characteristics of Gargantuan Hail-Producing Storms	4
The Impact of Assimilating ZDR Observations on Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecasts of the 31 May 2013 Oklahoma Storm Event	4
Benefits of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) for Ensemble-Based Analysis and Prediction of Severe Thunderstorms	4
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	4
Growth of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Observations and a Seasonal Convection-Permitting Simulation over Argentina	4
An Assessment of Dropsonde Sampling Strategies for Atmospheric River Reconnaissance	4
Multiscale Aspects of the 26–27 April 2011 Tornado Outbreak. Part I: Outbreak Chronology and Environmental Evolution	4
A Global Tropical Survey of Mid-Tropospheric Cyclones	4
A Constant Pressure Upper Boundary Formulation for Models Employing Height-Based Vertical Coordinates	4
A Comparison of Arctic and Atlantic Cyclone Predictability	3
Cool-Season Evaluation of FV3-LAM-Based CONUS-Scale Forecasts with Physics Configurations of Experimental RRFS Ensembles	3
Orographic Effects on Landfalling Lake-Effect Systems	3
Mechanical and Thermal Forcing for Upslope Flows and Cumulus Convection over the Sierras de Córdoba	3
Euro-Atlantic Weather Regimes and Their Modulation by Tropospheric and Stratospheric Teleconnection Pathways in ECMWF Reforecasts	3
A Quantile-Conserving Ensemble Filter Framework. Part I: Updating an Observed Variable	3
Masthead	3
Toward an Adaptive Artificial Neural Network–Based Postprocessor	3
A Climatology of Convective Precipitation over Europe	3
Lifetimes of Overshooting Convective Events Using High-Frequency Gridded Radar Composites	3
Observation of the Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Cycle Using Hyperspectral Infrared Satellite Sounding Retrievals	3
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	3
Masthead	3
Simulated Changes in Storm Morphology Associated with a Sea-Breeze Air Mass	3
How to Be a More Effective Author	3
Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	3
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence	3
Tornadoes in Southeast South America: Mesoscale to Planetary-Scale Environments	3
A Modern Approach to a Stability-Based Definition of the Tropopause	3
Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation	3
Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells	3
Understanding the Impacts of Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Typhoon Jongdari (2018) Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion	3
Potential for New Constraints on Tropical Cyclone Surface-Exchange Coefficients through Simultaneous Ensemble-Based State and Parameter Estimation	3
A 23-Year Severe Hail Climatology Using GridRad MESH Observations	3
Extreme Fire Weather Associated with Nocturnal Drying in Elevated Coastal Terrain of California	3
Classification of Warm-Season Precipitation in High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Model Forecasts over the Contiguous United States	3
On the Collective Importance of Model Physics and Data Assimilation on Mesoscale Convective System and Precipitation Forecasts over Complex Terrain	3
Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	3
Investigating the Relationship between Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Hydrometeor Size Sorting and Tornadic Potential in Simulated Supercells	3
Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea	3
Influences of the South American Low-Level Jet on the Convective Environment in Central Argentina Using a Convection-Permitting Simulation	3
Impacts of Assimilating Future Clear-Air Radial Velocity Observations from Phased Array Radar on Convection Initiation Forecasts: An Observing System Simulation Experiment Study	3
Improving National Blend of Models Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using Long Time Series of Reforecasts and Precipitation Reanalyses. Part II: Results	3
Learning Forecasts of Rare Stratospheric Transitions from Short Simulations	3
Impact of Gaussian Transformation on Cloud Cover Data Assimilation for Historical Weather Reconstruction	3
On Vortices Initiated over West Africa and Their Impact on North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	3
Enhancing Surface Wind Speed and Temperature Prediction Using Surface-Layer Emulator and Transfer Learning	3
Toward a Quantitative Understanding of Robert’s Rising Thermal Bubble as a Benchmark for 3D Atmospheric Codes	3
Diverse Synoptic Weather Patterns of Warm-Season Heavy Rainfall Events in South Korea	3
GEFSv12 Reforecast Dataset for Supporting Subseasonal and Hydrometeorological Applications	3
The Effects of Environmental Wind Shear Direction on Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Thermodynamics and Intensity Change from Multiple Observational Datasets	3
A Gradient Tensor–Based Subgrid-Scale Parameterization for Large-Eddy Simulations of Stratified Shear Layers Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model	3
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	3
Evaluation of Probabilistic Forecasts of Binary Events with the Neighborhood Brier Divergence Skill Score	3