Monthly Weather Review

Article	Citations
The 150th Anniversary of the Leipzig Meteorological Conference: Standardizing Observations and Analysis Methods	32
Generation Mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence Events in the Upper-Level Outflow of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis	25
Impact of Assimilating Thermodynamic and Kinematic Profiles on a Convection Initiation Forecast	24
Innovation-Based Methods for Online Estimates of Observation Error Variances within Ensemble Data Assimilation Cycles	23
Journal Information and Table of Contents	22
Factors Influencing the Track of Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the West Atlantic: Analysis of a HAFS Ensemble	22
Observed and Simulated Characteristics of Down-Valley Flow within Stratiform Precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula	19
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations	19
Physics-Based vs Data-Driven 24-Hour Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation for Northern Tropical Africa	18
Factors Affecting the Rapid Recovery of CAPE on 31 March 2016 during VORTEX-Southeast	18
Masthead	17
Ground-Based Doppler Radar Observations of Wave-Like Coherent Structures along the Inner Edge of the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall	17
Estimating Wind Speeds in Tornadoes Using Debris Trajectories of Large Compact Objects	17
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework	17
An Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Vortex and Convective Characteristics in Relation to Storm Intensity Using a Novel Airborne Doppler Radar Database	16
Journal Information and Table of Contents	15
Masthead	15
On the Detection of Icing Conditions at Altitude in Conjunction with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using Balloon Sondes	14
Initial Condition Convection-Allowing Ensembles with Large Membership for Probabilistic Prediction of Convective Hazards	14
Exploring the Causes of Difference in Moat Width in Concentric Eyewalls—Ensemble Simulation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013)	13
A Statistical Forecast Model for Extratropical Cyclones Including Intensity and Precipitation Type	13
Improving Simulations of Warm Rain in a Bulk Microphysics Scheme	13
Nonlinear Ensemble Filtering with Diffusion Models: Application to the Surface Quasigeostrophic Dynamics	13
Environmental Influences on the Elevated Nature of a Nocturnal Mesoscale Convective System	13
Understanding Nocturnally Driven Extreme Precipitation Events over Lake Victoria in a Convection-Permitting Model	12

An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak	12
The Impact of Constrained Data Assimilation on the Forecasts of Three Convection Systems during the ARM MC3E Field Campaign	12
CW3E’s West-WRF 200-Member Ensemble	12
Adaptation of θ-Based Dynamical Cores for Extension into the Thermosphere Using a Hybrid Virtual Potential Temperature	12
Variable-Dependent and Selective Multivariate Localization for Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation in the Tropics	12
Observed Subdaily Variations in Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes under Different Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Stability Conditions in the Gulf Stream	12
Surface Cold Pool Observations near Tornadic and Nontornadic QLCS Mesovortices during PERiLS	12
Impact of Implementing All-Sky Radiance Assimilation for FY-3E MWHS-2 in the CMA-GFS	12
A Big Chill: Examining an Extremely Sharp Cold Front from Three Perspectives	12
A Regional Atmospheric Model Using the Spectral-Element Method	12
Two Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns are Associated with Short-Duration Dry Spells in the Northeastern United States	11
Impact of Data Resolution on Tracking Southern Ocean Cyclones	11
Lake Huron Enhances Snowfall Downwind of Lake Erie: A Modeling Study of the 2010 New Year’s Lake Effect Snowfall Event	11
Identifying, Tracking, and Evaluating Mechanisms of North American Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) Using a Feature Tracking Approach	11
Journal Information and Table of Contents	11
A New Method for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions Using Quantile Mapping in the Frequency Domain	11
Mechanism of MJO-Modulated Triggering on the Rainy Season Onset over the Indian Subcontinent	10
Relating the Effects of Heterogeneous Terrain on Boundary Layer Flow to the Evolution of Preconvection Environments Using Remote Profiler Datasets from PERiLS	10
Radiative Effects on Tropical Cyclone Development in Different Life Stages	10
Initiation of a Record-Breaking Rainfall Event in Beijing, China, Associated with a Penetrating Inland Sea-Breeze Front	10
A Global–Regional-Unified Atmospheric Dynamical Core on the Yin–Yang Grid	10
The Impact of Large-Scale Environments and a Southwest Vortex on Heavy Rainfall in Southern Taiwan in Late May 2020	9
Improving the Representation of Moisture and Convective Instability in Baroclinic-Wave Channel Simulations	9
Spatial and Environmental Variations in Surface Drag Estimates within Atlantic Tropical Cyclones	9
Diagnosing Flavors of Tropospheric Rossby Wave Breaking and Their Associated Dynamical and Sensible Weather Features	9
Model Predictability of Hail Precipitation with a Moderate Hailstorm Case. Part I: Impact of Improved Initial Conditions by Assimilating High-Density Observations	9
Masthead	9
A Multiresolution Ensemble Hybrid 4DEnVar with Variable Ensemble Sizes to Improve Global and Tropical Cyclone Track Numerical Prediction	9
Masthead	9
Improving Probabilistic Forecasts of Extreme Wind Speeds by Training Statistical Postprocessing Models with Weighted Scoring Rules	9
Impact of Subtropical ISO Propagation Routes on Summertime Submonthly Wave Patterns and Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Western North Pacific	9
To Which Degree Do the Details of Stochastic Perturbation Schemes Matter for Convective-Scale and Mesoscale Perturbation Growth?	9
Journal Information and Table of Contents	9
Idealized Simulations of the Sensitivity of Supercell Thunderstorm Behavior near Complex Terrain to Storm Maturity and Approach Angle	9
Lightning and Radar Measures of Mixed-Phase Updraft Variability in Tracked Storms during the TRACER Field Campaign in Houston, Texas	9
Masthead	8
A Novel Latent Space Data Assimilation Framework with Autoencoder-Observation to Latent Space (AE-O2L) Network. Part I: The Observation-Only Analysis Method	8
Quantifying the Impact of Vertical Resolution on the Representation of Marine Boundary Layer Physics for Global-Scale Models	8
Examining the Impact of Assimilating Surface, PBL, and Free Atmosphere Observations from TORUS on Analyses and Forecasts of Two Supercells on 8 June 2019	8
Analysis of Snow Multibands and Their Environments with High-Resolution Idealized Simulations	8
Masthead	8
Masthead	8
Top-Down Phenomenon Observed in the Outer Rainbands of Typhoon Maysak (2020): Insights from the Comparative Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation Microphysics with a Typical Precipitation Event in North	8
Environmental and Storm-Scale Controls on Close Proximity Supercells Observed by TORUS on 8 June 2019	8
Hybrid Dynamical–Statistical Forecasts of the Risk of Rainfall in Southeast Asia Dependent on Equatorial Waves	8
Including Cross Correlation between Forecast and Observation Errors in an Ensemble Kalman Filter	7
Journal Information and Table of Contents	7
Why Was the Weakening of Typhoon In-fa (2021) to the East of Taiwan Island Not Forecasted in the GFS?	7
What Controlled the Low-Level Moisture Transport during the Extreme Precipitation in Henan Province of China in July 2021?	7
Development and Case Study Evaluation of Filtered Ensemble-Based Tangent Linear Model for the Operational EnVar Data Assimilation System	7

Improving Forecasts of the “21⋅7” Henan Extreme Rainfall Event Using a Radar Assimilation Scheme that Considers Hydrometeor Background Error Covariance	7
Lake Victoria Thunderstorms: Radar-Observed Initiation and Storm Evolution Modes	7
Shear-Relative Asymmetric Kinematic Characteristics of Intensifying Hurricanes as Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar	7
Observation Impact and Information Retention in the Lower Troposphere of the GMAO GEOS Data Assimilation System	7
Analyzing Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Asymmetry with a Polar-Coordinate Periodic-Domain Deep Learning Model	7
The Observed and Simulated Analysis of Supercellular Demise from 15 June 2019	7
Masthead	7
Synergy between Heat and Moisture Transport in Atmospheric Rivers in the Extratropical Andes	7
A Numerical Study on Hurricane Patricia (2015). Part II: The Topographic Effect and the Secondary Eyewall Formation	7
An Ensemble Forecasting Method for Dealing with the Combined Effects of the Initial and Model Errors and a Potential Deep Learning Implementation	7
Insights on the Spatiotemporal Variability of Downslope Winds in Coastal Santa Barbara: A Case Study from the Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX)	7
Simulation of Heavy Precipitation and the Production of Graupel Related to the Passage of a Cold Front over the Australian Snowy Mountains	7
An Investigation of a Northeast U.S. Cyclone Event without Well-Defined Snow Banding during IMPACTS	7
Types of Severe Convective Wind Events in Eastern Australia	7
Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data Using Measurement-Based Observation Error Specification: Preliminary Results	7
Simulating the Transition from Freezing Rain to Ice Pellets during WINTRE-MIX: The Role of Secondary Ice Production	7
Structures of Low-Level Wind and Convection in the Pregenesis Environment of Western Caribbean Tropical Cyclones	7
High-Order Tensor-Train Finite-Volume Methods for Shallow-Water Equations	6
Characteristics of Layers of Enhanced Spectrum Width within Northeast U.S. Winter Precipitation Events	6
Development and Investigation of GridRad-Severe, a Multiyear Severe Event Radar Dataset	6
A Climatology of Cool-Season Precipitation Objects in the Comma Head of an Extratropical Cyclone	6
How to Derive Skill from the Fractions Skill Score	6
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System	6
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework	6
Masthead	6
Orographic Controls on Extreme Precipitation Associated with a Mei-Yu Front	6
Adaptive Correlation- and Distance-Based Localization for Iterative Ensemble Smoothers in a Coupled Nonlinear Multiscale Model	6
The Response of Precipitation to Initial Soil Moisture over the Tibetan Plateau: Respective Effects of Boundary Layer Vertical Heat and Vapor Diffusions	6
Evaluation of NASA/NESDIS Stereo Winds in the Navy Global Forecast System	6
Effects of Atmosphere and Ocean Horizontal Model Resolution on Tropical Cyclone and Upper-Ocean Response Forecasts in Four Major Hurricanes	6
Tropical Transition of Tropical Storm Kirogi (2012) over the Western North Pacific: Synoptic Analysis and Mesoscale Simulation	6
Modeling Variability in Tropical Cyclone Maximum Wind Location and Intensity Using InCyc: A Global Database of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Simulations	6
Observed Relationships between Supercell Mesocyclone Intensity and Evolution, Background Environmental Characteristics, and Cell Mergers	6
Reply to “Comment on ‘Marathon versus Sprint: Two Modes of Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification in a Global Convection-Permitting Simulation’”	6
Characteristics of Elevated Thunderstorms on the Cold Side of Fronts in China during the Period 2017–21	6
Excessive Downward Shortwave Radiation in the HRRR and RAP Weather Models and Testing Strategies for Improvements	6
The Role of Density Currents and Gravity Waves in the Offshore Propagation of Convection over Sumatra	5
The Mean Kinematic Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer and Its Relationship to Intensity Change	5
Impacts of Extratropical Transition on Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes	5
Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region	5
Structure and Maintenance of a Quasi-Linear Mesoscale Convective System That Caused Torrential Rain in Southern Kyushu, Japan, on 11 July 2021	5
Coastal Land–Atmosphere Interactions and Their Influence on Offshore Weather Forecasts	5
Targeted Observation Method using Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter with Localization: Rigorous Derivation and Lorenz '96 Model Implementation	5
Initiation of a Supercell by Convectively Generated Gravity Waves in the Simulated Kaiyuan Tornadic Event of 3 July 2019	5
Network Structure of Atmospheric Perturbations	5
Deep Learning Forecast Uncertainty for Precipitation over the Western United States	5
Modeling Near-Surface Turbulence in Large-Eddy Simulations of a Tornado: An Application of Thin Boundary Layer Equations	5
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave	5
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence	5
Wide Horizontal Convective Rolls over Land	5
The Effect of Ensemble Size on the Mean Squared Error and Spread–Error Relationship	5
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation	5
Spurious Pressure Waves in Compressible Large-Eddy Simulations of Shallow Cumulus Clouds	5
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations	5
A Case Study of a West Sumatra Squall Line Using Satellite Observations	5
Anatomy of a Summertime Convective Event over the Arabian Region	5
The Feedback of Ocean Cold Wakes on Three Successive Northward-Moving Tropical Cyclones in 2022	5
Improving National Blend of Models Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts Using Long Time Series of Reforecasts and Precipitation Reanalyses. Part II: Results	5
Influences of Large-Scale and Mesoscale Circulation Patterns on Precipitation during Rainy Seasons in South China	5
An Improved Instability–Shear Hail Proxy for Australia	5
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments	5
Regime-Dependent Turbulence Length-Scale Formulation for NWP Models Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy, Shear, and Stratification	5
Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI All-Sky Radiance Observations in RRFS Using EnVar: Methodology, System Development, and Impacts for a Severe Convective Event	5
Simulated Diurnal Pulses in Hurricane Dorian (2019)	5
Role of Midlatitude Baroclinic Condition in Heavy Rainfall Events Directly Induced by Tropical Cyclones in South Korea	5
Testing the Feature Alignment Technique (FAT) in an Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation and Forecast System with Multiple-Storm Scenarios	4
Joint data assimilation of all-sky infrared and visible observations from FY-4A/AGRI for a real-world rainfall event in China	4
Parameterizing Raindrop Formation Using Machine Learning	4
Addressing Challenges Associated with Training Sample Sizes for Effective Calibration of NWP Precipitation Forecasts	4
Improved Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization Accounting for the Nonhydrostatic Effect in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: Tests for Short-Range Forecast of Northeast China Cold Vo	4
Relation between Baroclinity, Horizontal Vorticity, and Mesocyclone Evolution in the 6–7 April 2018 Monroe, Louisiana, Tornadic Supercell during VORTEX-SE	4
Spatial Variation in the Synoptic Structure of Convective Systems over the Great Plains	4
An Objective Weather Regime Classification for Aotearoa New Zealand Using a Two-Tiered K-Means Clustering Approach	4
Different Initial Condition Perturbation Methods for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasting over South China during the Rainy Season	4
Dual-polarization C-band radar inferred rain microphysics in the Indian core monsoon zone	4
Multiscale Interactions of Initial Condition Perturbations for Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasting over South China during the Rainy Season	4
Neighborhood-Based Ensemble Evaluation Using the CRPS	4
Climatology of Significant Tornadoes within China and Comparison of Tornado Environments between the United States and China	4
Journal Information and Table of Contents	4
Direct Assimilation of All-Sky GOES-R ABI Radiances in GSI EnKF for the Analysis and Forecasting of a Mesoscale Convective System	4

Indirect and Direct Impacts of Typhoon In-Fa (2021) on Heavy Precipitation in Inland and Coastal Areas of China: Synoptic-Scale Environments and Return Period Analysis	4
Advanced Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using the Experimental Global ECMWF and Operational Regional COAMPS-TC Systems	4
Parameterization of Melting Snow for Bulk Cloud Microphysics Schemes	4
Planetary-Scale Dynamics of Extreme Precipitation Regimes: Precursors and Contributors to Intensity and Longevity	4
On the Consistency between the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita Scales and Implications for the U.S. Tornado Climatology	4
Assessment of the Dynamical Linkages and Flow Evolution Governing Multiple Extreme Weather Events over Western North America in February 2019	4
Meteorological Analysis of the Pacific Northwest June 2021 Heatwave	4
Using Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations to Represent Model Uncertainty. Part II: Comparison with Existing Techniques in an Operational Ensemble	4
Improvement of Albedo and Snow-Cover Simulation during Snow Events over the Tibetan Plateau	4
Diagnostics for Imbalance on the Convective Scale	4
A Comparison of Arctic and Atlantic Basin Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecast Uncertainty	4
Quantifying the Relationship between Embedded Rotation and Extreme Rainfall Rates in Observations of Tropical Storm Imelda (2019)	4
Are Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones Associated with Unique Vortex and Convective Characteristics?	4
On the Rapid Weakening of Typhoon Trami (2018): Strong Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Associated with Slow Translation Speed	4
Features and Processes Influencing the Evolution and Forecast Skill of Strong Low-Skill Arctic Cyclones	4
Evaluation of Turbulence and Dispersion in Multiscale Atmospheric Simulations over Complex Urban Terrain during the Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign	4
Improving Short-Term, Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts by Integrating Weather Pattern Information into Model Output Statistics	4
The Combined Impacts of Midlevel Humidity and Low-Level Shear on Supercell Evolution on 22 May 2019	4
An Experimental 1-km Warn-on-Forecast System for Hazardous Weather Events	4
Turbulent Characteristics in the Eye and Eyewall of Hurricane Ian (2022)	4
Masthead	4
Cold Pool Forcing of the Streamwise Vorticity Current and Low-Level Mesocyclone in the 9 June 2009 Supercell during VORTEX2	4
Masthead	4
TRACER Perspectives on Gulf-Breeze and Bay-Breeze Circulations and Coastal Convection	4
Improving Subseasonal Wind Speed Forecasts in Europe with a Nonlinear Model	4
An Ultrafine-Resolution Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Terrain on Tornado Behavior	4